(浙江专版)2020版高考英语一轮复习Unit4Astronomy高考拆组训练新人教版必修3

Unit 4 Astronomy: the science of the stars 天文学：恒星科学❼梳理•基础自测i 賀归纳•核心考点素能提升演练梳理•基础自测I •单词盘点根据词性和汉语意思写出词汇1. （仏）天文学2. 血）系统；体系；制度3. astrono冊）学说；理论4. （仏）大*.层；气氛systemtheoryatmosphere5.fundamental (a dj.)6.____ (adv.)7.thus (v t. & vi.)(仏)8.P uzzle(adj.)9.______ (vi. &vt.)10.____ (n. &vt・)gentlecrashpull基本的；基础的因此；于是（使）迷惑；（使）为难谜；难题温和的；文雅的碰撞；坠落拉（力）；拖；牵引力11. float （vi. &vt.）（仏） （奶・）猛烈的；激烈的；强暴的— Xadv.翅乡・）不同；不像— ___________________ &几）伤害->（使）浮动；（使）漂浮漂浮物 12.—… violent —> ______ ]3・ _(adj ・)可能的 unlike (adj.)W 害的-_______ (〃•)暴力violence(皿)喜欢(prep.)相像—14. 无害的 （惋•）存在；生存- harmful 15. harm 仏）存在；生存harmlessexist existence【品词自测】根据所给词的适当形式填空 ① The robbers hit them . more so they decided to a'n^velr beean th&r fiehtback. (violent) ------------ & violence 7② This object gives off our health. YW'fifiiist make the object it. (harmful)③ Do you believe in the harmful of ghosts? Perhap^ttKy only___ in the minds of some people. (exis^arm |ess existence• They couldn^t bear it any with and violence gases. They may doto before you useexistII •短语回放1•及时；终于2•产生；分娩4•阻止；制止3.轮到某人; 接着5•挡住（光线）prevent・..from block out6•感到高兴；感到振奋7.既然&突发；爆发9•密切注视；当心；提防10•和；以及cheer up now that break out watch out as well asm.句式扫描1.__________________ （它会变成什么样）was uncertain until be祕傀謝t理禺蛉匪jpg）务/[ion years ago when the dust settled into a solid globe.2.The earth became not clear（如此猛烈以至于）it was whether the shape would last or not.so violent that3.This produced a chain reaction, which made it possible for （使得生命得以发展）.tried to step forward, I found I was carried （两倍远）on the earth and fell over.twice as far as【仿句自测】根据下面句式仿写句子①make it +adj. + to do sth. 仿写：他早上六点起床成了惯例。

PeriodTwo WarmingUp&Reading—LanguagePoints一、词汇过关基础词汇1.astronomyn．天文学2．systemn．系统；体系；制度3．theoryn．学说；理论4．atomn．原子5．globen．球体；地球仪；地球6．atmospheren．大气层；气氛7．chainvt.链子；连锁；锁链8．multiplyvi.&vt.乘；增加9．oxygenn．氧10．thusadv.因此；于是拓展词汇1.violentadj.猛烈的；激烈的；强暴的→violencen．猛烈；激烈2．unlikeprep.与……不同；不像→likeprep.像3．harmfuladj.有害的→harmn．&v．损害；危害→harmlessadj.无害的4．existvi.存在；生存→existencen．生存；存在5．puzzlen．谜；难题；vt.&vi.(使)迷惑；(使)为难→puzzlingadj.令人迷惑的→puzzledadj.感到迷惑的联想归纳1．构词法(1)[规则]harm (n.&v ．损害)――→＋ful harmful (adj.有害的)――→＋lessharmless (adj.无害的) [联想]①careful 小心的；careless 粗心的 ②hopeful 有希望的；hopeless 无希望的 ③helpful 有帮助的；helpless 无助的 ④useful 有用的；useless 无用的(2)[规则]like (prep.像)――→＋un unlike (prep.不像) [联想]①unusual 不寻常的 ②unable 不能够的 ③unfair 不公平的 ④unfit 不健康的 ⑤unhappy 不高兴的2．话题词汇——与“学科”有关的词汇 (1)astronomyn ．天文学 (2)biologyn ．生物学 (3)historyn ．历史学 (4)geographyn ．地理学 (5)chemistryn ．化学 (6)physicsn ．物理学 (7)politicsn ．政治学 (8)mathematicsn ．数学 (9)Chinesen ．语文 二、短语互译 汉译英1．intime 及时；终于 2．layeggs 下蛋 3．givebirthto 产生；分娩 4．inone’sturn 轮到某人 5．prevent...from 阻止；制止英译汉1．beginwith 从……开始；起源于 2．inalldirections 朝四面八方3．aswellas 也；还；和……一样好 4．asaresultof 由于……结果 5．dependon/upon 取决于；依靠 三、重点句式 教材原句1.Whatitwastobecomewasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoas olidglobe.随后它会变成什么没人能知道，直到38～45亿年前，这团尘埃才慢慢形成了一个固体的球状物。

Unit 4 Astronomy练(一) 语言运用组块专练——练准度(限时：25分钟)Ⅰ.完形填空It was an unforgettable weekend.I had a great time at the __1__.However, after I arrived home, I noticed my owl necklace was __2__.I was so anxious that I __3__ every room in the house, but my efforts were __4__ vain.Then I decided to head back to the beach.My husband thought I was __5__， as the huge beach was nine miles from our home.How could I __6__ one tiny necklace? What if it came off in the ocean? I was __7__ to even consider that as a possibility.I knew I had to try.After searching for several hours at the beach, I __8__ an elderly man with a metal detector (探测器) in his hand.I __9__ up to him and asked whether he had come across a necklace.He opened his hand and showed me his __10__ — some coins.He said if he saw my necklace he would __11__ return it to me.I also wanted him to have enough __12__ to mail it so I gave him a $5 bill and told him my name and my address.Then I left.My husband __13__ me and said that he would buy me a new one.But I turned down his nice __14__， as that necklace couldn't be __15__.It was my dad who had found a special way to give me that __16__ necklace.There had been a yard sale in my community.Among the things that were put on __17__ he found the necklace.Unable to __18__ it, my dad offered to build a bookshelf for the owner as a(n) __19__.Unexpectedly, three days later, I received a package.Inside were a $5 bill and my owl necklace.The moment I saw the necklace, I couldn't help __20__.C．library D．museum解析：选B 根据下文的“Then I decided to head back to the beach.”可知，这里应该指的是在沙滩上。

1．fundamental adj. 基本的；基础的2．chain n. 链子；连锁；锁链3．dissolve vt.& vi. 溶解；解散4．acid n. 酸5．multiply vi.& vt. 乘；增加6．gravity n. 万有引力；重力7．extinct adj. 灭绝的；绝种的8．exhaust vt. 用尽；耗尽；使精疲力尽9．satellite n. 卫星；人造卫星10．spaceship n. 宇宙飞船1．atmosphere n. 大气层；气氛2．solar adj. 太阳的；日光的3．thus adv. 因此；于是4．gentle adj. 温和的；文雅的5．climate n. 气候6．crash vi.& vt. 碰撞；坠落7．pull n．& vt. 拉(力)；拖；牵引力8．float vi.& vt. (使)浮动；(使)漂浮n. 漂浮物9．system n. 系统；体系；制度10．theory n. 学说；理论1．globe n．球体；地球仪；地球→global adj.全球性的；全世界的2．violent adj.猛烈的；激烈的；强暴的→violence n．暴力→violently adv.暴力地；猛烈地3．unlike prep.与……不同；不像→like vt.喜欢 prep.像→dislike vt.不喜欢；讨厌→likely adj.可能的4．harmful adj.有害的→harm n．& vt.伤害→harmless adj.无害的5．exist vi.存在；生存→existence n．存在；生存6．puzzle vt.& vi.(使)迷惑；(使)为难 n．谜；难题→puzzled adj.感到困惑的→puzzling adj.令人困惑的7．religion n．宗教；宗教信仰→religious adj.宗教上的；信奉宗教的；虔诚的8．biology n．生物学→biologist n．生物学家9．reaction n．反应；回应→react v．反应[用所给词的适当形式填空]1．There was a puzzled look on the little girl’s face because a puzzling problem puzzled her.(puzzle)2．Last night we had a discussion, which became more and more violent. Finally we reached an agreement that we will never use violence whatever happens.(violent) 3．Playing computer games will not only do harm to your physical health, but it is also harmful to your mental health.So there is no harm in advising you to give it up.(harm)1．in__time 及时；终于2．lay__eggs 下蛋3．give__birth__to 产生；分娩4．in__one’s__turn 轮到某人5．prevent...from 阻止；制止6．block__out 挡住(光线)7．cheer__up 感到高兴；感到振奋8．now__that 既然9．break__out 突发；爆发10．watch__out__for 密切注意；当心；提防11．do__harm__to... 对……有害[选用上面的短语填空]1．The government took immediate measures and the disease was prevented__from spreading.2．Please tell me when Mr. Smith is arriving at the train station so that I can pick him up in__time．3．At last the firefighters put out the fire in the supermarket, which broke__out at ten this morning.4．Mum, you had me do the cleaning yesterday, so today Tom, in__his__turn,__should do the washing!5．To ensure good sleep, she bought a heavy curtain to block__out the light. 6．When the Chinese women volleyball team turned up, all the fans cheered__up ．un­前缀高频形容词集锦 ①unlike 不像的 ②unfair 不公平的 ③unimportant 不重要的 ④unusual 不寻常的 ⑤unhappy 不幸福的 ⑥unfortunate 不幸运的以­ful 结尾的形容词 ①harmful 有害的 ②useful 有用的 ③helpful 有帮助的 ④powerful 强大的 ⑤careful小心的 表达“小心；当心”的高频短语荟萃 ①watch out (for) 小心；当心 ②look out 当心 ③take care 小心 ④be careful小心 “阻止/禁止某人做某事”的多种表达⎭⎪⎬⎪⎫①prevent sb. from doing sth. ②stop sb. from doing sth.③keep sb. from doing sth.阻止某人做某事⎭⎪⎬⎪⎫④prohibit sb. from doing sth. ⑤ban sb. from doing sth. ⑥forbid sb. from doing sth. 禁止某人做某事1．be to do 结构表示不可避免将要发生的事They were in time to produce carbon dioxide, nitrogen, water vapour and other gases, which were to make the earth’s atmosphere.2．“make it＋adj.＋to do sth.” 结构This produced a chain reaction, which made it possible for life to develop. 3．“倍数＋as...as” 句型But when I tried to step forward, I found I was carried twice as far as on the earth and fell over.4．now that 引导的原因状语从句...walking does need a bit of practice now that gravity has changed.[句式仿写]1．那时人们并不知道他们的所作所为会让地球变暖。

Unit 4 Astronomy：the science of the starsⅠ阅读理解ANo human has set foot on the Moon since 1972. Now，after morethan four decades of inactivity，interest in putting humans backon the Moon is finally heating up again. But who will get therefirst?CHINAOn 14 December 2013，China successfully landed its Jade Rabbit rover(探测车)on the Moon. It is now working on its next exploration mission. Named Chang’e 4，the mission is scheduled to touch down in the Aitken Basin near the end of 2018. If successful，it will be the first landing on the Moon’s far side.RUSSIARussia plans a manned Moon landing in 2030. It is currently working on a project whose idea is that the landers will explore the south pole of the Moon，exploring for resources such as minerals and water ice to be used to provide for a human outpost(前哨站)．INDIAFollowing the success of its Chandrayaan­1 in 2008，India announced a follow ­on mission. Chandrayaan­2 was meant to cooperate with Russia. But when the Russians failed to deliver the promised lander in 2013，India decided to go it alone. Chandrayaan­2 is about to be sent up in 2018.U．S.A.In December 2018，NASA plans to send up the Exploration Mission 1，an uncrewed test of their Orion astronaut capsule in which the craft will circle around the Moon before returning to Earth. All being well，a crewed capsule will follow in 2023. Should the mission prove a success，the astronauts will be the first humans to see the far side of the Moon with their own eyes since Apollo 17 in 1972.【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了中国、俄罗斯、印度和美国的登月计划。

必修三Unit 4 Astronomy: the science of the stars练习Ⅰ.阅读理解AThere are strong arguments on space travel, and below you will find a list of many frequently used arguments.Pros of space travel:—Space travel has inspired many people to continue improving technology such as inventing Velcro and non-stick frying pans.—If you look at the total GDP worldwide, space only accounts for a very small percentage of the total budget.—Better to spend money on our future, than on other projects that would have a much lower potential reward.—If we were to colonize (开拓……成殖民地) another planet, it would reduce the population on Earth, which is already overpopulated. This will result in the survival of our species when our planet can no longer support human life.—Multinational space stations have helped diplomacy (外交) among multiple nations.Cons of space travel:—There is a very large percentage of the earth's oceans we have yet to explore. We should continue exploring the remaining unknown regions of our oceans before continuing to another planet.—The funding for space exploration comes from the tax payers' pockets. Many do not think that they should be forced into paying for something they oppose.—The total contribution from space travel is minimal, when considering the total cost.—We should not be thinking about colonizing the moon, or a planet. It's better to save our existing planet first. If we are to destroy one planet, what is to stop us from repeating the mistakes on another planet.—Not only is the cost of manned space missions high, but space travel can have a serious effect on the human body over an extended period of time. The only way to solve it is by using robots, which reduces the human risk factor, and reduces the overall cost.Overall, most people approve of (赞成) our current exploration methods. In my opinion, these methods should be reviewed to help reduce the cost of launches. I believe the potential of finding resources on other planets will make the cost of several decades of space exploration worthwhile.语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。

Unit 4 Astronomy: the science of the stars1 课文与语法填空阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

The earth was just 1 cloud of dust after the “Big Bang”.The earth exploded loudly with fire and rock. They were in time 2 (produce) many things,which were to make the earth’s atmosphere. As the earth cooled down,water began to appear on 3 (it)surface. It allowed the earth to dissolve 4 (harm)gases. Then life began to develop.Small plants multiplied and 5 (fill) the oceans and seas with oxygen. This encouraged the 6 (develop) of early shellfish and fish. Land animals such as insects,reptiles and dinosaurs appeared after green 7 (plant) appeared. Small clever animals spread all over the earth. They are putting too much carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, 8 prevents heat from escaping from the earth into space. 9 life will continue on the earth for millions of years to come will depend on whether this problem can 10 (solve).1. 2. 3. 4. 5.6. 7. 8. 9. 10.2 课文与短文改错根据课文内容,对下面材料进行修改。