Statistics Chapter_3

第3章 随机变量的数字特征 一.填空题1.(90-1-2)已知随机变量X 服从参数为2的泊松分布22{},0,1,2...!k P X k e k k −===则随机变量3Z X 2=−的数学期望E (Z)= (4)()()()()~(2),2,32323224X P E X E Z E X E X ==−=−=×−=解: 2.设随机变量X 的密度函数为 ⎩⎨⎧+=0)(B Ax x f 则且其它,127)(,10=≤≤X E x A =_____,B =______. (1,1/2)解:1()112f x dx A B +∞−∞=⇒+=∫, 7117()123212EX xf x dx A B +∞−∞==⇒+∫=, 11,2A B ∴==3.(95-1-3)设X 表示10次独立重复射击命中目标的次数，每次射中目标的概率为0.4，则2x 的数学期望 ()2E X= (18.4)解:()()()()()()222~(10,0.4), 100.44,(1)100.410.4 2.4, 2.4418.4X B E X D X np p E XD XE X =×==−=×−==+=+=4. (99-4-3)设~(),X P λ已知,则[(1)(2)]1E X X −−=λ= (1) 解:()()()()()22~(),,,X P E X D X E XD XE X 2λλλλ===+=λ+−0,222[(1)(2)][132)]()3()2211E X X E X X E X E X λλλ−−=−+=+=−+=⇒= 5. (95-4-3)设X 是随机变量，其概率密度为1, 1()1, 010,x x f x x x +−≤≤⎧⎪=−<≤⎨⎪⎩,则方差为 DX (1/6)解:()()011123231100101111(1)(1)02323E X xf x dx x x dx x x dx x x x x +∞−−−∞−==⋅++⋅−=++−∫∫∫=()()0111222234341100101111(1)(1)3434E X x f x dx x x dx x x dx x x x x +∞−−−∞−==⋅++⋅−=++−∫∫∫16=()()()221/601/6D X E X E X =−=−=6.(90-4-3)设随机变量X 和Y 独立,,则~(3,1),~(2,1)X N Y N −27, Z ~Z X Y =−+ (0,5)N 解:()()2()732270,()()4()145~(0,5)E Z E X E Y D Z D X D Y Z N =−+=−−×+==+=+=∴7.设两个相互独立的随机变量和Ｙ均服从,若随机变量X (1,1/5)N X aY −满足条件， 2()[(D X aY E X aY −=−)]则a = . (1) 解:()0,()()0110E X aY E X aE Y a a ⇒−=⇒−=⇒−⋅=⇒=18.(03-3-4) 随机变量 X 与Y 的相关系数为0.9,若0.4Z X =−则Y 与Z 的相关系数为 (0.9)解:()()0.4,,cov(,)cov(,0.4)cov()cov(),Z X D Z D X Y Z Y X Y X X Y =−==−==,,0.9YZ ρ===9.(03-4-4)设随机变量X 和Y 的相关系数为0.5，2202EX EY EX EY ===，=2，试求E X Y +（）= (6) 解: 2202EX EY EX EY ====∵，，()()()222,D X E X E X ∴=−= ()()()222D Y E Y E Y =−=0.5,0 ()0.51XY XY EX EY E XY ρρ====⇒===26222222)2()()22E X Y E X XY Y E X E XY E Y +=++=++=++=（）（）（二.选择题1.(91-3-3)若随机变量X 与Y 的协方差()()()E XY E X E Y =，则下列结论必正确的是( ). 解B (A ) ; (B ) ; (C ) X 与Y 独立; (D ) X 与Y 不独立 ()()(D XY D X D Y =))()D X Y DX DY +=+2.若随机变量X 与Y 的协方差，则下列结论必正确的是( ). 解C (,)0Cov x y =(A ) X 与Y 独立; (B ); (C )()()(D XY D X D Y =()D X Y DX DY +=+; (D ). ()D X Y DX DY −=−3.(90-4-3)已知()()~(,), 2.4, 1.44X B n p E X D X ==则的值( ). 解B ,n p (A ); (B ) ; (C ) 4,0.6n p ==6,0.4n p ==8,0.3n p ==; (D ) . 24,0.1n p ==解:()()1.44, 2.4,1 1.44/2.40.60.4,6D X npq E X np q p p n =====−==⇒==4.(97-1-3)设两个相互独立的随机变量X 和Y 的方差为4和2,则随机变量32X Y −的方差是( ) 解D (A) 8; (B)16; (C)28; (D)44 分析:()329()4()944244D X Y D X D Y −=+=×+×=5.(95-3-3)设随机变量X,Y 独立同分布,记,则U 和V 必然( ) 解D ,U X Y V X Y =−=+(A )独立; (B)不独立; (C ) 相关系数不为0; (D )相关系数为0. 分析: X,Y 独立同分布,()(),D X D Y =cov(,)cov(,)cov(,)cov(,)cov(,)cov(,)()()00U V X Y X Y X X X Y Y X Y Y D X D Y ρ=−+=+−−=−=⇒=6.(08-1,3,4-4) (0,1),(1,4),1XY X N Y N ρ=∼∼，则（ ）. 解D (A). (B). (C)(21)P Y X =−−=111(21)P Y X =−=(21)P Y X =−+=. (D).(21)P Y X =+=10分析:,1,XY Y aX b a ρ=+=∴>,排除A,C,()0,()1,()101E X E Y EY aE X b a b b ===+⇒=⋅+⇒=∵,选D三.计算题 1. 设随机变量X 的分布函数()0, 10.2, 100.5, 011, 1x x F x x x <−−≤<=≤<≥⎧⎪⎪⎨⎪⎪⎩，求EX ， （0.3，0.61）DX X -1 0 1解：分析，由()F x 是离散型的分布函数，先求分布律1/3 0.2 0.3 0.5（直接计算分段点的跳跃度（值差）即可）()10.210.50.3EX =−×+×=，，()22210.210.50.7EX =−×+×=2220.70.30.61DX EX E X =−=−=2. 若已知是分布函数，求()0, 10, 011, 1x F x x x x −≤<⎧⎪=≤<⎨⎪≥⎩EX ， （1/2，1/12）DX (思考：如何判别分布函数()F x 是离散型还是连续型？)解：分析，由()F x 是连续型的分布函数，先求导数，，()1, 01'()0, x F x f x ≤<⎧==⎨⎩其他1120 011122EX x dx x =⋅==∫， 112230 011133EX x dx x =⋅==∫，222111321DX EX E X ⎛⎞=−=−=⎜⎟⎝⎠23.(89-4-3)设随机变量2123~(0,6),~(0,2),~(3)X U X N X P 相互独立，令32132X X X X +−=,求EX , (12, 46) DX 解:12306()()2()3()2033122E X E X E X E X +=−+=−×+×= 22123(60)()()4()9()42934612D X D X D X D X −=++=+×+×=4、设[]~2,6X U ，对进行20次独立观测，Y 表示20次观测值中事件X {}5X >发生的次数，求()2Y E （115/4）.解：[]~2,6X U ，()1, [2,6]40, x f x ⎧∈⎪=⎨⎪⎩其他，{} 6 511544P X dx >==∫.，据题意 ，(,)Y B n p ∼120,4n p ==13154205,544EY np DY npq ==×===×=()，222153528E Y DY E Y =+=+=5.(02-4-3) 已知随机向量(X ,Y )的联合分布律为,求,,(,),EX DX Cov X Y xy ρ (0.6,0.24,0,0)解:0.6,EX =20.6,EX =220.60.360.24DX EX E X =−=−=,()10.1510.350.2EY =−×+×=(1,1)(1,1)()0.080.20.12E XY xy xy −=×+×=, (,)0,0xy Cov X Y ρ=∴=6、已知随机变量服从区域),(Y X ()}{,01,D x y x x y x =<<−<<上的均匀分布，求(),,,EX DX Cov X Y .解：依题意，()11, (,),0, x y Df x y d ⎧=∈⎪=⎨⎪⎩其他（注意，函数区间利用二重积分计算）2222(,((,EX xf x EX x f DX EX E X EY yf x y +∞+∞−∞−∞+∞+∞−∞−∞+∞−−∞===−==∫∫∫∫∫()(,EXY xyf Cov X Y EXY +∞∞+∞+∞−∞−∞==−∫∫∫7. (05-1,3,4-9)设二维随机变量 (X,Y) 的密度函数为()1,01,02,0,x y xf x y <<<<⎧=⎨⎩其他1)求边缘概率密度()X f x ,()Y f y . 2)判断X,Y 的独立性(补). 3)判断X,Y 的相关性(补解: 1) 01x <<，()()20,12xX f x f x y dy dy x +∞−∞==∫∫=2, 01()0, Xx x f x <<⎧∴=⎨⎩其他 02y <<,()()1/2,112Y y y f y f x y dx dx +∞−∞===−∫∫,1, 02()20, Y yy f y ⎧−<<⎪∴=⎨⎪⎩其他2) 显然(,)()()X Y f x y f x f y ≠⋅,X Y ∴，不独立.3) 121122002()(,)23xxE X xf x y dxdy xdxdy x y dx x dx +∞+∞−∞−∞====∫∫∫∫∫∫=, 1211222000012()(,)223xx E Y yf x y dxdy ydxdy y dx x dx +∞+∞−∞−∞====∫∫∫∫∫∫=1211223000011()(,)222xx E XY xyf x y dxdy xydxdy x y dx x dx +∞+∞−∞−∞====∫∫∫∫∫∫=1显然相关.(,)()()()0Cov X Y E XY E X E Y =−≠∴Y X ,8. (07-1,3,4-11)设二维随机变量 (X,Y) 的密度函数为()2,01,0,0,x y x y f x y −−<<<⎧=⎨⎩其他<}1) 求, 2)判断X,Y 的独立性(补), 3)判断X,Y 的相关性(补) (7/24, 不独立.相关) {2P X Y >解1) ()1/21/220001{2}2(2)2x x P X Y x y dxdy y xy y dx >=−−=−−∫∫∫120515()822424x x dx =−=−=∫7112001301()(,)(2)(2)22X x f x f x y dy x y dy y xy y x +∞−∞≤≤==−−=−−=−∫∫，3/2, 01()0, X x x f x −≤⎧≤2),∴=⎨⎩其他112001301,()(,)(2)(2)22Y y f y f x y dx x y dx x x xy y +∞−∞≤≤==−−=−−=−∫∫3/2, 01()Y y y f y −≤⎧≤∴=⎨显然(,)()()X Y f x y f x f y ≠⋅, X Y ∴，不独立3)112300331()()()()243X E X xf x dx x x dx x x +∞−∞==−=−∫∫512=,112300331()()()()2435Y E Y yf y dy y y dy y y +∞−∞==−=−=∫∫121111122232000001121()(,)(2)()()2332E XY xyf x y dxdy xy x y dxdy xy x y xy dx x x dx +∞+∞−∞−∞==−−=−−=−∫∫∫∫∫∫16= (,)()()()0Cov X Y E XY E X E Y =−≠X Y ∴，相关. 9.(94-1-6)设且22~(1,3),~(0,4)X N Y N ,1,2XY ρ=−设32X YZ =+， 1)求(),().E Z D Z 2)求XZ ρ,(1/3,3, 0)解:1) 22~(1,3),~(0,4),X N Y N 1,2XY ρ=−32X Y Z =+11()()()32E Z E X E Y ⇒=+=13 1(,)3462XY Cov X Y ρ==−××=−,111111()(,)916(6)3943943D Z DX DY Cov X Y ∴=++=×+×+−=2)111111(,)(,)(,)()(,)9(6)032323232X Y Cov X Cov X X Cov X Y D X Cov X Y +=+=+=⋅+−=cov ,0XZ X Z ρ∴==。

Statistics for finance
Statistics for marketing
Electronic scanners at retail checkout counters are being used to collect data for a variety of marketing research applications.
Aims
Understand why we study statistics Explain what is the meat by
descriptive and inferential statistics Distinguish between a quantitative
and qualitative variables Describe how a discrete variable is
Quality control
The common practice is to select a subset of the accounts called a sample and review it.
Statistics for finance
Financial analysts use a variety of statistical information to guide their investment recommendations.
Statistics for accounting
Public accounting firms use statistical sampling procedures when conducting audits of their clients.
The number of accounts which need to be audited is so large that reviewing every account would be too time-consuming and expensive.

Slide 17
Example: Finding Probabilities (2 of 3)
Find the probability of being dealt 5 diamonds from a standard deck of 52 playing cards.
Solution In a standard deck of playing cards, 13 cards are diamonds. Note that it does not matter what order the cards are selected. The possible number of ways of choosing 5 diamonds out of 13 is 13C5.
Slide 7
Example: Finding presubscript n P subscript r (1 of 2)
Find the number of ways of forming four-digit codes in which no digit is repeated.
Solution:
• You need to select 4 digits from a group of 10
•
n 10, r 4
10
P4
10
10 4
10 6
10 9 8 7 6 6
5040 ways
Copyright 2019, 2015, 2012, Pearson Education, Inc.
Solution: The number of permutations is
9 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 362,880 ways

3-14
LO1
Mean, Median, Mode Using Excel
3-15
Characteristics of the Mean
1. 2. 3.
Learning Objective 2 Explain the characteristics, uses, advantages, and disadvantages of each measure of location.
So the median five-year return of the 10 funds is 8.625%.
3-10
LO1
EXAMPLES - Median
The ages for a sample of five college students are: 21, 25, 19, 20, 22 Arranging the data in ascending order gives: 19, 20, 21, 22, 25. 73, 75, 76, 80. Thus the median is 21. Thus the median is 75.5
What is the median annualized return of these funds?
3-9
LO1
EXAMPLES - Median
The number of mutual funds listed is an even number (10). These funds are already ordered from largest to smallest, so we can easily find the middle two returns. The middle two funds are the Oppenheimer Developing Markets C (8.65%) and Oppenheimer Developing Markets B (8.60%). The arithmetic mean of these two funds is 8.625%, found by (8.65 + 8.60)/2.