高三一轮复习语法之非谓语动词

2.现在分词作定语 当该动词与被修饰的名词之间为主谓关系或用来表示被修饰的名词的用 途时,用现在分词形式。 The lecture,starting at 7:00 pm last night,was followed by an observation of the moon with telescopes. 始于昨天晚上7点的这次演讲,紧跟在用望远镜对月球进行观测之后。 [名师点津]被修饰的名词与分词之间为被动关系且表正在进行时,用现在 分词的被动式作定语,表示该动作的被动和进行。
解析 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知design在句中应用非谓语动词 形式,与逻辑主语buildings构成被动关系,故应用过去分词作定语。故填 designed。
3.But the results support existing healthy eating advice to limit (limit) red
作原因状语,此时常与表示情感的形 I was frightened to find that in front of
容词连用,如
my door sat a dog.
glad,happy,frightened,surprised 等。 我惊恐地发现门前坐着一只狗。
2.分词作状语 用法
现在分词短语作状语,常表原因、 伴随、时间、结果等,与句子主语 之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系。
用法
例句
某些动词的过去分词已经形容词化,且往
往用于一些系表结构中,此时这些过去分 词既不表示被动,也不表示完成,而表示
Absorbed in
his book,he didn’t
一种状态,如lost(迷路的),seated(坐着的), hidden(隐瞒的),lost/absorbed in(沉溺于), dressed in(穿着……的),tired of(对……感

语法（非谓语动词）I. 动词不定式和动名词的构成形式动词不定式是由“ to + 动词原形”构成；动名词由动词+ing构成。

主动式有：一般式、进行式、完成式和完成进行式；II. 动词不定式、动名词用法要点讲解一．做主语⒈不定式作主语动词不定式作主语时，句子的谓语动词常用单数，其位置有以下两种：(1)把不定式置于句首。

如：To get there by bike will take us half an hour.(2)用it作形式主语，把真正的主语不定式置于句后，常用于下列句式中。

如：①It＋be＋名词＋to doIt's our duty to take good care of the old.②It takes sb + some time + to doHow long did it take you to finish the work?③It＋be＋形容词＋for sb＋to doIt is difficult for us to finish writing the composition in a quarter of an hour.④It＋be＋形容词＋of sb＋to doIt is stupid of you to write down everything the teacher says.⑤It seems(appears)＋形容词＋to doIt seemed impossible to save money.在句型③中，常用表示客观情况的形容词，如：difficult, easy, hard, important, impossible, necessary 等；在句型④中，常用careless,clever,good,foolish,honest,kind,lazy,nice,right,silly,stupid,wise等表示赞扬或批评的词。

在不定式前的sb，可看作其逻辑主语。

非谓语动词写作指导第一局部：非谓语动词在剧中所做成分一、非谓语动词作状语George returned after the war, only to be told that his wife had left him.乔治战后归来，却被告知他的妻子已经离他而去。

One evening Harry phoned me, asking me to come to his flat as soon as possible.一天晚上哈里给我打，要求我尽快去他家。

Seriously injured, he had to be taken to hospital immediately.因为受伤较重，他得被立即送往医院。

二、非谓语动词作宾语She pretended not to see me when I passed by.当我经过时，她假装没看见我。

I still remember being taken to the Famen Temple and what I saw there.我仍记得别人带我去过法门寺，并记得在那里所看到的一切。

三、非谓语动词作宾补I looked up and noticed a snake winding its way up the tree to catch its breakfast.我抬头看，注意到一条蛇正沿树蜿蜒而上，捕捉它的早餐。

I was surprised to find my hometown changed so much.发现我的家乡变化如此之大我感到很惊奇。

I saw him go upstairs.我看到他上楼了。

四、非谓语动词作定语Laura was away in Paris fbr over a week. When she got home, there was a pile of mail waitingfor her.劳拉去巴黎待了一周多的时间。

非谓语动词（一）——分词【基本概念】1.对英语动词的基本认识英语中动词的语法作用同汉语区别很大。

动词除了在句子中充当谓语之外，还常以非谓语的形式充当其他的句子成分。

按照动词是否充当谓语，我们可以把动词分为谓语动词和非谓语动词两类。

每一类动词所包含的主要语法知识如下。

时态（按高考要求共九个时态）谓语动词语态（主动语态和被动语态）语气（陈述语气和虚拟语气）主谓一致动词动词不定式非谓语动词分词（现在分词和过去分词）动名词非谓语动词是指不充当谓语而做其他句子成分的动词，凡是用作非谓语的动词在形式上都要有所变化，以区别于谓语动词。

2.分词的语法作用分词分现在分词和过去分词两类，具有形容词和副词的语法功能，在句子中可以充当表语、定语、状语和宾语补足语。

例1：The news that the Chinese team won the gold medal was very encouraging.(P.51, Senior Book 2B)句中的现在分词encouraging充当句子的表语。

例2：The people performing all play different instrument. (P.49, Senior Book2B)Polluted rivers and lakes have also been a cause of death. (P.52, Senior Book2A)现在分词performing作后置定语，修饰the people; 过去分词polluted作定语修饰rivers and lakes。

例3：So he left France, preferring to give up the fortune that would one day come to him, and went to live in English. (P.57, Senior Book2B)现在分词短语preferring to give up the fortune that would one day come to him 作状语，表示he left France and went to live in England 的原因。