合同法律文件翻译练习(1)答案

• 如果发现货物在质量、数量或规格上与本合同第 一条规定不符，卖方同意审核任何因此而提出的 索赔。该索赔要求应以卖方认可的有信誉的检验 机构出具的报告证实。质量方面的索赔要求应于 货物到达目的港后三个月内以书面形式提出。
breach of contract
• 违约是指国际商务合同的一方当事人或双 方当事人未能按双方签订的合同或有关法 律或公约规定的内容认真地、全面地、有 效地履行合同中约定的义务，从而有损于 一方或双方在订立该合同时预期的经济目 的。
• 第一，继续履行是一种补救方法，即在一方违约后，非违 约方寻求法律上救济的一种方法。
• 第二，是否请求继续履行是债权人享有的一项权利。继续 履行是有效实现当事人订约目的的补救方式，所以一般认 为它是我国合同法中首要的补救方法。
• 第三，继续履行可以与违约金、损害赔偿和定金责任并用， 但不能与解除合同的方式并用。
• 如果甲方实质性违反本合同，乙方或其权益承继人 有权终止本合同或要求得到损害赔偿。如果乙方实 质性违反本合同，甲方经发出书面通知，有权要求 乙方在收到书面通知后十五（15）天内改正其违约 行为。如果乙方在十五（15）天期限内未予改正， 甲方有权解除合同并要求得到违约赔偿。
• be entitled to可译为“有权”，“有资格”，但 在具体译文处理上，应根据上下文确定。
• (4)Remedial Measures (补救措施) • 补救措施是指在当事人发生违约的事实后，为防
止损失的发生或者扩大，而由违约方按照法律的 规定或者合同的约定采取的修理(repairing)、更换 (substituting)、重做(reworking)、退货(returning the goods)、减少价款(reducing the price)或者报 酬(remuneration)、补充数量(supplementing quantities)等措施，以使另一方弥补或者减少损失 的违约责任形式。补救措施主要是针对标的物质 量不符合合同约定而采取的一种违约责任形式， 这种违约行为的构成要件有二：一为债务人作出 了履行，只是履行不当，这种不当是指质量上不 符合规定；二为不当履行合同无正当理由。在采 取补救措施后，对方还有其他损失的，应当赔偿 损失。

3.法律文件翻译时，可以根据需要对原文进行随意修改。（）
4.法律翻译中的多义词应根据上下文来确定其确切含义。（）
5.在所有的法律文件翻译中，直译总是优于意译。（）
6.法律文件翻译中，所有的术语都可以在不同的法律体系中互换使用。（）
7.翻译法律文件时，不需要考虑原文的法律文化背景。（）
8.法律文件翻译完成后，不需要进行校对和审核。（）
6. ×
7. ×
8. ×
9. √
10. ×
五、主观题（参考）
1.法律文件翻译特点包括专业性、准确性、一致性和保密性。应注意术语准确、法律文化差异、时效性和法律效力等问题。
2.专业术语应查找权威词典，保持一致性，必要时可加注解。如“知识产权”译为“Intellectual Property”。
3.忠于原文同时，注意目标语言的表达习惯，使译文通顺、易懂。如使用目标语言的法律术语替换原文表述。
4.法律体系差异影响翻译，应了解双方法律背景，采取适应性翻译策略。如跨国合同中，注意条款的适用性和法律效力。
15. Cห้องสมุดไป่ตู้
16. D
17. A
18. D
19. C
20. A
二、多选题
1. D
2. D
3. A
4. A
5. A
6. A
7. D
8. D
9. D
10. A
11. D
12. C
13. C
14. D
15. D
16. A
17. D
18. A
19. D
20. A
三、填空题
1. Claim
2. Party
3.准确性一致性
D. Probation

4. The Seller’s technicians shall perform the 检查检验inspection and examination of the equipment at least once a quarter to ensure the equipment working in good condition.
如果买方在规定时间内未能付清货款，买房的保证金不予退还，并且买方需承担由此带给卖方的所有损失。
B. 大量使用专业术语和缩略词
1. This Contract shall b governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of China.
11. The Seller shall telegraph the Buyer immediately and deliver in 14 days to the Buyer a certificate of the occurrence issued by the government authorities or the Chamber of Commerce at the place where the accident occurs as evidence thereof.
7. The License herein granted is conditioned on Party B selling Licensed Devices at prices no more favorable than those followed by Party A.
8. Any disputes which either party does not wish to refer to a Conciliation Committee may then be submitted by the first party to arbitration as hereinafter provided.

This SENIOR SECURED CONVERTIBLE LOAN AGREEMENT (this Agreement) is entered as of October 14, 2005 ( the“Effective Date”) by and between:W I T N E S S E T H:WHEREAS, Lender and Borrower have agreed that Lender shall make to the Borrower an interest-free loan in the aggregate amount of RMB52,000, upon occurrence of certain conditions, within six months of the Effective Date, convertible into certain percentage of shares of Borrower subject to the terms and conditions of this Agreement.WHEREAS all the shareholders of the Borrower have agreed to grant to the Lender a security interest over the Collateral (as defined below) as security for the repayment of the Loan (as defined below).NOW THEREFORE in consideration of the mutual covenants and agreements herein contained and intending to be legally bound hereby, each of the Parties hereto hereby agree as follows:SECTION 1. Amount and Terms of Loan.1.01 Commitment. Subject to and upon the terms and conditions herein set forth, the Lender agrees to issue a loan (each, a "Loan") to the Borrower and the term of the Loan is SIX ( 6 ) months from the Effective date of this Agreement (the “Term”). Should the Conversion fail to happen due to non fulfillment of certain conditionprecedents, the Term of the Loan may be extended upon written agreement between the Parties .该高级担保可转换贷款协议（这份协议）由双方于2005年11月14日（生效日）达成：兹证明：鉴于贷款人和借款人已经就52，000元人民币总额的免息贷款达成一致同意，但这是基于一定条件发生的，即在六个月的有效期内，可根据本协议的条款和条件转换为借款人一定比例的股份。

第五周额外作业：外贸合同常用条款1. Terms of Payme nt:付款方式：（1） Letter of Credit: The Buyer shall, ______ days prior to the time of shipme nt/after this Con tract comes into effect, ope n an irrevocable Letter of Credit in favor of the Seller. The Letter Of Credit shall expire _____________ days after the completion of loading of the shipment as stipulated.参考译文（1）信用证方式：买方应该在装运期前/合同生效后 ____ 日，开出以卖方为受益人的不可撤销信用证。

信用证在按照合同装船完毕后—日内到期。

Copying structure:买方应与_____ 日前向装运时间/合同生效后，开出。

（语句不通，没有检查）用词谨慎：（1）买方应该在装运期前（合同生效后）—日，括号不表示或者的关系，而是补充说明的关系，而装运期前不等于合同生效后；（2）买方、卖方混淆；（3）开具不可撤销信用证给卖方，勉强可以，但是出于慎重，还是要说明受益人，因为原文有强调信用证到期后的xx天完成装船-错误；in favor of…按买方偏好，为了卖方利益-错误（普通词汇的专业意义）卸货: unioading/ landing/ discharging of the shipmentirrevocable Letter of Credit 不可撤销信用证开证银行开具的信用证可以是：公开议付，即欢迎任何银行予以议付：限定议付，即只限定指名由某一银行议付；不许议付，即不许任何银行予以议付，只许由付款银行付款取单而且付款银行直接付款的对象仅限受益人。

ye翻译练习11. 选词(1) In every Chinese city, we got into the streets, shops, parks, theatres, and restaurants.(2) The levels of voltage, current, and power are, on their own, not sufficient for demarcation.(3) Mr. Collins seemed likely to sink into insignificance; to the young ladies he certainly was nothing.(4) As he said this, she could easily see that he had no doubt of a favorable answer. He spoke of apprehension and anxiety, but his countenance expressed real security.(5) I was in several minds how to dress myself on the important day, being divided between my desire to appear to advantage, and my apprehensions of putting on anything that might impair my severely practical character in the eyes of the Misses Spenlow.(6) She watched him grow and develop day by day and it was a never-ending wonder as he began to walk and talk and reason.(7) Sorrow came -- a gentle sorrow -- but not at all in the shape of any disagreeable consciousness -- Miss Taylor married. It was Miss Taylor's loss which first brought grief. It was on the wedding-day of this beloved friend that Emma first sat in mournful thought of any continuance.(8) Della finished her cry and attended to her cheeks with the powder rag.(9) Twenty dollars a week doesn't go far. Expenses had been greater than she had calculated.(10) Don't expect comfort. You've just got to be thankful if we get a bed to sleep on and a roof over our heads.(11) In practice, the selected interval thickness is usually a compromise between the need for a thin interval to maximize the resolution and a thick interval to minimize error.(12) Among the most productive contributions the broader international community can now make to rebuilding economic strength in East Asia is to assist these countries to develop their economic and financial policy, management and governance capacities.(13) When the history of the Nixon Administration finally written, the chances are that his Chinese policy will stand out as a model of common sense and good diplomacy.(14) The issue of insanity as a defense in criminal cases is at the interface of medicine, law and ethics.(15) I think your suggestion will work.(16) The frontier forces had to operate against the invaders.(17) The simplest way to succeed in business is to buy low and sell high.(18) We express our gratitude for the outstanding and challenging speech of Mr. Smith.(19) As a demanding boss, he expected total loyalty and dedication from his employees.(20) The show ran 120 performances.(21) 如在解释上遇有分歧，应以英文本为准。

商务合同的翻译练习一参考译文一、商务合同的基本概念、分类与结构1. 概念2. 分类3. 结构二、合同英语的词汇特点及翻译策略1. 用词专业，具有法律意味：（1）根据不同的专业来确定词义例1：a. The premium rates vary with differed interests insured. ______________b. If the buyer fails to pay any account when due, the buyer shall be liable to pay the seller overdue interest on such unpaid amount. _________________c. The articles of our immediate interest are your Agricultural Washing Machines. _______析：a. 出自保险业，意思“被保险的货物”；b. 源于国际贸易，意思是“一方由于未能支付到期的应付款项而向另一方支付的过期利息”；c. 属于营销业，应译为“对什么产品、品牌感兴趣”。

例2：Party B shall train Party A’s technical personnel so as to enable them to master Party B’s design, mould design, performance test and technology in machining, erection and inspection of the contracted product, so that Party A can use the technical documents and know-how supplied by Party B to produce the same product and mould in Party A’s factory.乙方须负责对甲方技术员进行培训，以便甲方受训人员掌握合同产品的设计、模具设计、性能测试、加工工艺、装配工艺和质量检验技术，进而使甲方能利用乙方提供的技术资料和专门知识在甲方的厂内制造出相同的产品和模具。

制式长句 Unless otherwise expressly provided in this Part of the Convention, if any notice, request or other communication is given or made by a party in accordance with this Part and by means appropriate in the circumstances, a delay or error in the transmission of the communication or its failure to arrive does not deprive that party of the right to rely on the communication. 除非公约本部分另有明文规定，否则，如果当事人按照本部分的 规定并根据情况以恰当的方式发出通知、要求或其他信息，则这 种通信如在传递上发生耽搁或错误，或未能到达，并不使该当事 方丧失依靠该项信息的权利。
Recitals: 说明 Whereas …… 鉴于（背景、目的等） 鉴于（背景、目的等）
----"considering that"或"that being the case“ 或
NOW, THEREFORE ……兹特 兹特
e.g.
Recital
Whereas , COMPANY has expertise in the specific field identified in Exhibits A and B; and Whereas , ABC desires to engage the services of COMPANY for the purpose of performing the services for ABC as described in Exhibits A and B; and Whereas , COMPANY declares that it is engaged in an independent business and has complied with all federal, state and local laws regarding business permits and licenses of any kind that may be required to carry out the said business and the tasks to be performed under this Agreement. Now Therefore , in consideration of the premises and the mutual promises and undertakings herein contained, the parties hereto agree as follows:

法律翻译:合同条款-Breach and Infringement / 违约和侵权1：If Party A materially breaches this Contract, Party B or its successor in interest is entitled to terminate this Contract or claim damages for the breach of contract. If Party B materially breaches this Contract, Party A is entitled to request Party B, by issuing a written notice, to redress the breach within fifteen (15) days upon receiving such notice. If Party B fails to redress the breach within the fifteen (15)-day period, Party A is entitled to rescind the Contract and claim damages for the breach of contract.如果甲方实质性违反本合同，乙方或其权益继承人有权终止本合同或要求得到损害赔偿。

如果乙方实质性违反本合同，甲方经发出书面通知，有权要求乙方在收到书面通知后十五（15）天内改正其违约行为。

如果乙方在十五（15）天期限内未予改正，甲方有权解除合同并要求得到违约赔偿。

2：If a Party materially fails to perform any of its obligations under this Contract or if a Party’s representation or warran ty under this Contract is materially untrue or inaccurate, such Party shall be deemed to have breached this Contract. The Party in breach shall have thirty (30) days from receipt of a notice form the other party specifying the breach to correct such breach if it is remediable. The Party in breach shall in any case be liable to the other Party for all damages caused by the breach. Liability for such damages shall not be waived in the event the non-breaching Party terminates this Contract under Article X. All remedies provided for herein and under law shall be cumulative.如果乙方实质上未履行其在本合同项下的任何义务，或一方在本合同项下的陈述或保证实质上是不真实地或不准确的，该方应被视为违反了本合同。

合同条文翻译第七部分格式条款一、服务合同格式条款Section 11 - Communications And Payments11.1 Checks will be made payable to: “ 【name 】” and sent to:【address 】Attention:Institution Tax Identification Number:11.2 Any notice required or permitted hereunder shall be in writing and shall be deemed given as of the date it is: (a) delivered by hand; (b) by overnight or next day delivery; (c) received by Registered or Certified Mail, postage prepaid, return receipt requested; or (d) received by facsimile, as can be presumptively demonstrated by return fax or letter demonstrating successful facsimile transmission; and addressed to the party to receive such notice at the address(es) and/or facsimile telephone number(s) set forth below, or such other address as is subsequently specified to the notifying party by the receiving party in writing.If to COMPANY:【name 】【address 】Telephone:Facsimile:If to ABC:【name 】【title 】【address 】Telephone:Facsimile:With a copy to:General Counsel【ABC 】【address 】Telephone:Facsimile:第十一条通讯和付款11.1 支票应当支付给：（名称）并送交至：地址：联系人：单位税号：11.2 本协议项下所有通知应当以书面形式为之，并且在下列情况下视为已经交付：(a) 专人递送；(b) 经由隔日送达业务递送；(c) 由挂号邮件或保证邮件方式接受，邮资预付，需要回执；(d) 由传真接收，并回传真或信函证明已经成功发送；通知应当按照下列地址送交当事人，或按照下列电话号码传送，或者按照接受一方最近书面通知的地址或号码为准：本公司：【名称】地址：电话号码：传真：ABC 公司：姓名：职务：【ABC 】【地址】电话：传真：另外抄送一份至：首席律师【ABC 公司名称】【地址】电话：传真：Section 12 – Arbitration and Applicable Law12.1 The parties agree that any and all disputes, claims or controversies arising out of or relating to this Agreement that are not resolved by their mutual agreement shall be submitted to final and binding arbitration before JAMS, or its successor, pursuant to the United States Arbitration Act, 9 U.S.C. Sec. 1 et seq. Either party may commence the arbitration process called for in this agreement by filing a written demand for arbitration with JAMS, with a copy to the other party. The arbitration will be conducted in accordance with the provisions of JAMS’ Comprehensive Arbitration Rules and Procedures in effect at the time of filing of the demand for arbitration. The parties will cooperate with JAMS and with one another in selecting a single arbitrator from JAMS’ panel of neutrals, and in scheduling the arbitration proceedings. The parties covenant that they will participate in the arbitration in good faith. The provisions of this Paragraph may be enforced by any Court of competent jurisdiction, and the party seeking enforcement shall be entitled to an award of all costs, fees and expenses, including attorneys fees, to be paid by the party against whom enforcement is ordered. The place of arbitration shall be Orange County, California. The arbitrators shall apply the law of the State of California (regardless of that jurisdiction‘s or any other jurisdiction’s choice of law principles).12.2 This Agreement shall be governed by the laws of the State of California, without regard to its conflict of laws rules.第十二条仲裁和适用法律12.1 本协议双方当事人同意：若因本协议或与本协议相关而产生任何争议，索赔或分歧，并且双方未能达成一致解决意见，则应当将前述争议、索赔或分歧提交至JAMS 或其继承人按照美国仲裁法案（United States Arbitration Act, 9 U.S.C. Sec. 1 et seq. ）进行仲裁，其仲裁裁决具有终局性，对双方当事人具有约束力。

合同翻译练习词汇与短语1． by virtue of2. take effect3. in quadruplicate4. enter into contract5. at the close of the fiscal year6. in witness whereof7. interested party8. limitation of liability9. hereinafter to be referred as10. null and void11. 水准基点12. 提单13. 由(甲方和乙方)14. 裁决委员会15. 不符16. 履约证明17. 有损于，对…不利18. 优惠期限19. (资产) 清算20. 法定义务句子与段落1. Party A shall pay Party B a monthly salary of US $500 (SAY FIVE HUNDRED US DOLLARS ONLY).2. This Contract is made by and between the Buyer and the Seller, whereby the Buyer agrees to buy and the Seller agrees to sell the under mentioned commodity subject to the terms and conditions stipulated below.3. This Contract shall come into force from the date of execution hereof by the Buyer and the Builder.4. The contract is made out in English and Chinese languages in quadruplicate, both texts being equally authentic, and each Party shall hold two copies of each text.5. After arrival of the goods at the port of destination, the Buyer shall apply to China Commodity Inspection Bureau (hereinafter referred to as CCIB) for a further inspection as to the specifications and quantity/weight of the goods.6. Unless otherwise stipulated in the credit, the expression “Shipment” used in stipulating an earliest and/or a latest shipment date will be understood to include the expression “loading on board”,“dispatch”and“taking in charge”.7. Within 30 days after the signing and coming into effect of this contract, the Buyer shall proceed to pay the price for the goods to the seller by opening an irrevocable L/C for the full amount of USD30,000 in favor of the Seller through a bank at import port.8. The contract is made out in Chinese and English, both version being equally authentic, by and between ______ as the Seller and ______ as the Buyer whereby the Seller agrees to sell and the Buyer agrees to buy the undermentioned goods subject to the following terms and conditions.9. The date of Bill of Lading shall be taken as the conclusive proof of the date of shipment, six (6) days grace shall be allowed for shipment earlier or later than the time agreed upon by the Parties. In the event of the goods for one order being shipped in more than one lot, each lot shall be deemed to be a separate sale on Contract.10.Should either of the parties to the contract be prevented from executing the contract by force majeure, such as earthquake, typhoon, flood, fire, war or other unforeseen events, and their occurrence and consequences are unpreventable and unavoidable, the prevented party shall notify the other party by telegram without any delay, and within 15 days thereafter provide detailed in f o r mation of the events and a valid document for evidence issued by the relevant public notary organization explaining the reason of its inability to execute or delay the execution of all or part of the contract.11. The Customer and NEXPRESS each agree and undertake that during the Term and Thereafter it will keep confidential and will not use for its own purposes or without the prior written consentof the other party disclose to any third party any part or all information concerning the terms of this Agreement unless such information is in the public domain other than as a result of a breach of this clause．12. 合同允许______% 的溢短差额。

合同翻译（一）英文合同翻译的用词特点：合同英语的用词极其考究，具有特定性。

要求选词专业化（professional）、正式（formal）、准确（accurate）。

具体体现在下列方面：1．使用情态动词：在合同中使用may，shall，must，may not (或shall not) 时要极其谨慎。

权利义务的约定部分构成了合同的主体，这几个词如选用不当，可能会引起纠纷。

may旨在约定当事人的权利（可以做什么），shall约定当事人的义务（应当做什么时候），must用于强制性义务（必须做什么），may not (或shall not)用于禁止性义务（不得做什么）。

may do不能说成can do，shall do不能说成should do 或ought to do，may not do，在美国一些法律文件里可以用shall not，但绝不能用can not do或must not。

例如，在约定解决争议的途径时，可以说：The parties hereto shall, first of all, settle any dispute arising from or in connection with the contract byfriendly negotiations.Should such negotiations fail, such dispute may be referred to the People’s Court having jurisdiction on such dispute for settlement in the absence of any arbitration clause in the disputed contract or in default of agreement reached after such dispute occurs.本句中的shall和may表达准确。

Assignment / Transfer（合同权利义务转让翻译练习）1. Neither Party may assign this Agreement, in whole or in part, without the other Party's prior written consent, except to (i) any corporation resulting from any merger, consolidation or other reorganization involving the assigning Party, and (ii) any entity to which the assigning Party may transfer all or substantially all of its assets; provided that the assignee agrees in writing to be bound by all the terms and conditions of this Agreement and provides documentation as evidence that the assignee has the ability and capability of meeting all of the obligations under this Agreement.试译:未经另一方事前书面批准，任何一方不得全部或部分转让本协议，除非转让给(1)因为涉及转让方的任何合并、联合或其它重组而产生的任何法人;和(2)转让方可以将其全部或实质性全部资产向其进行转让的任何实体;但，受让方需要书面同意接受本协议项下之所有条款和条件的约束，并就受让人履行其在本协议项下之义务的能力和资格提供文件作为证据。

标准:任何一方未经另一方事先书面同意，不得转让本协议的全部或部分，除非转让给(i)涉及转让方的因兼并、合并或其它重组而产生的任何公司;(ii)转让方可以向其转让全部或绝大部分资产的实体;但受让方须书面同意受本协议所有条款和条件的约束，并提供文件证明受让方有资格、有能力履行本协议项下的全部义务。

英文合同翻译(1)
指称上的单位性 间接指称
Both PartythAeaSnedllePrarty B ag（re卖e 方tha）t a technology transfer agtrheeemBuenyetrshall be si(g买ne方d)between the joint venture comthpeaRneyciapnidenPtaPratyrtXy（(o受r 方a t）hird party) 甲、乙双方th同e 意Su，pp由ly合ing营公（司供与方X方）（或第三方） 签订技术转th让e 协Tr议an…sfe…ror （转让方）
carrying out his duties.
Main Clauses
• In keeping with the above-mentioned remuneration, the employee shall agree to carry out the following duties: to negotiate with Chinese authorities about the cooperation between Amway Company Limited and China; to arrange for the visits of Jimmy Ford, president, and other executives to China; to act as authorized representative in any aspect relating to the cooperation with China and to respond to any inquiries from Chinese parties.
英文合同翻译(1)

法律英语翻译：适用法律和争议的解决11.1.1法律条文1. 合营企业合同的订立、效力、解释、履行及其争议的解决，适用中华人民共和国法律。

1. The conclusion， validity， interpretation， and performance of the contract of a joint venture and settlement of disputes in connection therewith shall be governed by the laws of the People＂s Republic of China.2.合营各方在解释或者履行合营企业协议、合同、章程时发生争议的，应当尽量通过友好协商或者调解解决。

经过协商或者调解无效的，提请仲裁或者司法解决。

2. The disputes arising from the interpretation or performance of the joint venture agreement， contract and/or articles of association shall be settled through friendly consultation or conciliation between the parties to the joint venture. In case such consultation or conciliation fails， the disputes may be submitted to arbitration or a law court for settlement.2. When a dispute between the parties to a joint venture arises from the interpretation or performance of the joint venture agreement，contract and/or articles of association， the parties shall make every endeavor to resolve it through friendly consultation or mediation. If such consultation or mediation comes to no avail， the parties shall submit the dispute to arbitration or a law court for settlement.3.合营各方根据有关仲裁的书面协议，可以在中国的仲裁机构进行仲裁，也可以在其他们仲裁机构仲裁。

英文合同文本翻译(1)
n by virtue of / due to
because of ；
n at the close of the fiscal year，in the end of the fiscal year；
n as regards/concerning, relating to， about；
professional）
试比较下列用词
n terminate, n commence, n be deemed to, n in lieu of, n prior to, n whatsoever, n commencement,
n cease to do，
stop begin be regarded as in place of before whatever start/begin； stop to do；
n in effect，
in fact；
n The meeting shall be convened and presided by sb.
n
hold 或call，convene； ；
n miscellaneous,
other matters/events；
n construe a contract , comprehend a contract，
英文合同文本翻译(1)
3. 正文（Body)
① 定义条款 （Definition clause) ② 基本条款（Basic conditions) ③ 一般条款（General terms and conditions)
a. 合同有效期限 （Duration) b. 终止 (Termination) c. 不可抗力 （Force Majeure) d. 合同的让与 （Assignment) e. 仲裁 （Arbitration) f. 适用法律 （Governing law) g. 诉讼管辖 （Jurisdiction) h. 通知手续 （Notice) i. 合同的修改 （Amendment) j. 其他 （Others)

超经典法律翻译100篇之合伙 问与答 1 Partnership (Questions and Answers) 合伙 问与答What is a partnership? 何谓合伙A partnership is an association of two or morepersons to carry on as coowners a business forprofit.合伙是由两人以上作为共同所有人以营利为目的而开展业务的组合。

What are the essential characteristics of apartnership?合伙的主要特征是什么1.It is an association of individuals. 1 它是由若干人所组成。

2.it is voluntary, in the sense that no person can beforced into a partnership.2 它是自愿的 意思是说不得强制任何人加入合伙。

For example, one partner may assign or sell hisinterest in a partnership, but he can only become apartner by being accepted by the other partners.例如 合伙人不妨转让或出售其合伙利益 但加入合伙必须经其他合伙人之同意。

3.There is co-ownership. 3 存在共同所有权。

Each of the partners must have a proprietaryinterest not only in the profits, but also in theenterprise itself.每一个合伙人都必须不仅对利润而且对企业本身也拥有所有权利益。

4.the association must be for profit. 4 必须是营利的组合。