A study on the evaluation of influences of blastingvibration on buildings

考试对大学生学术的影响英语作文Exams and Tests Are No Fun for Us KidsHi there! My name is Timmy and I'm in the 5th grade. I'm here to tell you all about exams and tests from a kid's point of view. Grown-ups might think they know everything about school, but they don't know what it's really like to be a student these days. Exams and tests are such a big deal and they can really stress us kids out!First of all, why do we even have to take so many tests? It seems like every few weeks we have some big exam in math, reading, science, or whatever subject. The teachers say it's to measure how much we've learned, but I think it's just to make our lives harder. All year long we've been working so hard in class, doing our homework, paying attention to the lessons. Can't the teachers just see from our regular work that we're learning? Tests put way too much pressure on us.And the worst part is, our whole future seems to depend on how well we do on these tests. If we don't get a good score, we might get held back to repeat the grade. Or we might not get into the good middle school we want. It's just so much stress for a kid to deal with! The days and weeks leading up to a big test,that's all anyone can think about or talk about. Friends stop hanging out because we're all studying like crazy after school. I get terrible stomach aches from the stress and nerves. My parents get onto me if I'm not studying enough. It's just not a fun time.Then when test day comes, it's awful. We have to sit perfectly still and quiet for hours on end, just bubbling in answer after answer. I know some of my classmates who have learning differences or disorders have an even harder time with it. My friend Jake has ADHD and sitting still for that long is torture for him. Some kids get so anxious they throw up or have panic attacks. No kid should have to go through that! Tests should be a way for us to show what we know, not some miserable ordeal that makes us sick with anxiety.After the test, the waiting for results is agonizing. Some teachers hand them back right away, others take forever to grade and score them. Those days we're all on pins and needles wondering how we did. If we didn't do well, we feel crushed like we're dumb or failed. Even if we passed, the next thought is just worrying about the next big test coming up. It's really unhealthy for kids to be under that kind of constant academic pressure and stress.I'm sure exams themselves aren't going away anytime soon, but I wish there was a better way to do things. Maybe have exams, but not make them such a huge portion of our entire grade. Or do more frequent smaller tests instead of a few huge overwhelming ones. Teachers could look at our homework, classwork, projects and participation more instead of just exams. Basically, I just wish tests didn't loom over our lives like some huge scary monster waiting to get us. School is hard enough already without that!Another thing is, too much importance is put on how we perform on tests compared to other skills. Like, I might struggle with test anxiety and blank out, but I'm actually a creative thinker who is great at building robots or coding. My friend Sarah does poorly on reading tests, but she's an amazing artist. There's way more to being a successful student than just bubbling in the right answers. Things like problem solving, creativity, curiosity, and love of learning are so important too. Tests don't really measure any of that.I guess to sum it up, exams and standardized tests cause way too much stress and pressure for us kids. They make school time miserable instead of fun and rewarding. Way too much weight gets put on those scores to judge our whole abilities andacademic future. It's an incredibly stressful, high-stakes situation to put kids through over and over. There has to be a better way to measure our learning without all the struggles that exams bring.Well, that's my take on exams and testing! We kids have to be the ones to live through it, so we know the reality way more than adults do. I hope this essay helps give a kid's perspective on just how huge of a deal and how much anxiety exams cause for students. School definitely shouldn't be this focused onhigh-pressure testing. We should get to learn at our own pace and in different ways, not just cram for big make-or-break exams. Let kids be kids, ya know? Make learning fun again!。

A Critique of “Contrastive Analysis of Compliment between English and Chinese ”1.Introduction of the articleRui Yu, Li Fu & Xiao-Yu Hou’s “Contrastive Analysis of Compliment between English and Chinese”is a classic in intercultural communication studies. It is published in Journal of Intercultural Communication StudiesXVI, 2007, Volume 1, Pages 153-162.2. Analysis of the articleThe social phenomenon of compliment behavior exists in various societies and linguistic cultures. The compliment behavior can not only enhance the relationship between communicators but also consolidate and strengthen the solidarity among communicators. Thus, the compliment behavior operates like social lubricant. Compliment responses in Chinese and English have different characteristics because they are influenced by different social factors. Consequently, the study on compliment has been paid extensive attention to.This thesis aims at investigating the characteristics of compliment responses in Chinese and English, comparing their differences and similarities and attempting to analyze the reasons which lead to the differences and similarities from cross-cultural perspective.Based on Julia Gousseva’s experiment, a similar experiment was designed and carried out by the present author.The purposes were to find the features of compliment in Chinese by Chinese students, to discover similarities and differences of compliment between English and Chinese and to explore the reasons why the differences in linguistic performance exist.This article provides deeper research on this subject and examines genre of written discourse. Most of previous studies abroad and in China focus on the syntax and the topic of compliment behavior itself. This article also claims that most of the studies,such as its function,implication,and causes are based mostly on the study on the oral compliment.As for the oral compliment,this paper shows it very clear in the literature review. And it demonstrates the syntactic differences between Chinese and English compliments by the table.When it comes to the research on the written complient,it mentions focusly on the gender difference in compliment.In this thesis, the quantitative method and the qualitative method are adopted. It collects materials from college students at Chinese Department of a University,and native speakers of Chinese and non-English majors. The experiment was carefully designed so as to keep great resemblance with that of Julia Gousseva’s. And the study consisted of two parts, (1) gender-linked features, such as positive evaluation, intensifiers and personal involvement, and (2) discourse strategies, suchas good/bad new strategies, opening, closing and framing strategies, and their interests were on the differences associated genders. Then it analyzes the data and summarizes the different characteristics on compliment responses in Chinese and English through a couple of tables. Finally, it explains the differences in the application of linguistic forms and strategy to the compliment, so as to learn the social and cultural factors that might account for these differences.The major findings of this study are as follows:(1) the biggest difference lies in the use of positive evaluation, that is to say the American students use more positive evaluation. This may be explained by that many Americans are very active in expressing their ideas and feelings while more Chinese would like to choose neutral words and restrain their feeling, for many of them were taught to be observed and not to be heard when they were young. Most of the English speakers tend to accept compliments. Moreover, they often offer series of comments on the object complimented when they accept compliments. They usually express their disagreement directly when they reject compliments. In addition, English speaker use some combined strategies to express their responses to compliment.(2) The American students use more first person pronoun (2.17 vs. 0.93) and less third person pronouns (1.09 vs. 2.68) than their Chinese counterparts. It is known to us that the idea of being self-oriented is favored by many people in America. They intend to maximize the use of first person pronounin order to show their opinion directly in interaction. On the contrary, the idea of other-oriented has exerted influence over China for thousands of years, and many Chinese learn to minimize self importance by maximizing the use of the third person pronoun. Most of Chinese people tend to reject compliments. When they accept compliments, Chinese people often transfer the eompliment to some third person or to the object itself. Besides, Chinese speakers have one more strategy—Determination Expression to respond to compliment. They tend to express their determinations when they meet compliment from persons who have higher status. In addition, Chinese speakers employ more diverse sub-strategies to respond to compliments than English speakers. Finally, More Chinese speakers tend to give no response when they meet compliments than English speakers.(3) Chinese college students tend to accept compliments much more frequently than other people. The reason lies in students’ adaptation to the change of culture which results from social development and the influence of foreign cultures.(4) The reason of all these differences can attribute to their adaptation to different social worlds, which include different traditional values, different politeness principles, different realization of face, and influence of western culture.The study has some significance. Firstly, this study helps us understand differences between Chinese and English compliment responses. Thus, pragmatic mistakes in the cross-cultural communicationcan be avoided. Secondly, this study also gives the analysis of the Chinese compliment responses which enables more foreigners to know and accept Chinese communication criterions. Finally, it makes a conclusion that culture and language are interwoven, and the inclination of communicative choices is closely associated with social norms and cultural background.3. Critique of the articleAs summarized above, this is a good article with a well-chosen topic supported by many well-devised studies, which set a model for the following studies.The studies are rigorous in that the deeper research on this subject from cross cultural perspective. Besides, in the study, the peer review and comparison among various aspects of American compliment and Chinese’s were taken into consideration. This study helps us understand differences between Chinese and English compliment responses. The research on syntax between English and Chinese shows clearly that there are much difference in oral compliment. Pragmatic mistakes in the cross-cultural communication can be avoided. The finding that the American compliment resembles the Chinese one in forms, strategies and functions in the situation under study. Meanwhile, it also proves that a great deal of discrepancy emerges in the use of positive evaluation, of the 1st and 3rd person pronouns and of some discourse strategies, which areworth studying.In addition, the writers also found that the biggest difference lies in the use of positive evaluation, that is to say the American students use more positive evaluation. This may be explained by that many Americans are very active in expressing their ideas and feelings while more Chinese would like to choose neutral words and restrain their feeling, for many of them were taught to be observed and not to be heard when they were young. This study also improves that language is the carrier and mirror of its respective culture, which makes the whole research more convincing. Moreover, the finding that he American students use more first person pronoun (2.17 vs. 0.93) and less third person pronouns (1.09 vs. 2.68) than their Chinese counterparts has profound pedagogical implications and opens a new area for further research.However, there are also some drawbacks in this article.On the one hand, it is not clear on compliment responses. And the compliment responses are very few At the same time, studies of compliment from the aspect of pragmatics are limited in number. Therefore, this thesis can explore and analyze compliment responses from another new perspective and the paper may be more convincing.On the other hand, though after a couple of studies showed great progress, the question why men and women adopt such different evaluations has not been emphasized.To conclude, the studies are still rigorous and this article is still quite informative, convincing and thought-provoking though there are some shortcomings.This study analyzes the difference between Chinese and English compliment from a new perspective and a new inspiration can be given to other researchers.。

Evaluation of the influence of the organizational environment on projectcost management based on the Grey Relational AnalysisZhi Dou,Wenjun YangCollege of Civil Engineering ，Chang'an University ，Xi'an 710061，ChinaKeywords ：the Organizational Environment, Engineering Project, Cost Management, ImpactEvaluation, Grey Relational AnalysisAbstract. From the organizational environment perspective, to explore the influence factors ofproject cost management, and to determine a evaluation system about the influence of theorganizational environment on project cost management. Using gray system theory to build a modelof the gray relational analysis between organizational environment and project cost management.The examples show that this method has a certain theoretical significance and practical value tosolve the project cost management.IntroductionAccompanied by the rapid development of China's construction industry and the further openingup of construction markets, the uncertainty of the external environment which constructionenterprises face increased, the underpricing bid between enterprises for contending projects, thedrastic fluctuation in raw material prices, the entering barriers are down while the exit cost are stillhigh, the ferocious entering momentum of foreign builders, these make China constructionenterprises stand in a competitive industry, and its profit margins are severely squeezed. The way toeffectively control the project cost has already become a focus of attention of constructionenterprises. Survey shows that the extensive management approach of China's constructionenterprises currently has not been fundamentally changed, the corporate structure, operationalprocesses and infrastructure management is weak, the level of project management is low, and theexisting project cost should be improved in aspects about management concepts, objectives, meansand so on [1].The effective implementation of advanced cost management methods must considerenterprises' particular organizational environment, Kaplan and Norton believes, the advanced costmanagement and evaluation methods break away from its corresponding organizationalenvironment, the possibility to success almost not exists [2].Therefore, the objective understandingof the organizational environment the construction enterprises face, and the comprehensive analysisabout the mechanism of the organizational environment to the project cost management for theconstruction cost management is essential.The determination of the affecting factor system of the project cost management byorganizational environmentOrganizational environment is a sum of forces and conditions which exist in the internal andexternal organization and affect the organizational performance. There are many environmentalfactors in internal and external organization, but not all of these factors constitute the organization'senvironment, the factors who has no impact on organizational performance do not belong to theenvironmental factors of organization, and elements of the organizational environment is often influx, the dynamics of environment perform clearly in a background of fierce competition both indomestic and foreign markets [3].According to the organization's controllable degree to its faced environment, the organizationalenvironment can be divided into two categories: the internal organizational environment and theexternal organizational environment. The external environment that construction enterprises face isthe sum of various factors which exist around the construction organization and affect the businessactivities and development of enterprises. The external environmental uncertainty of constructionInternational Conference on Education Technology, Management and Humanities Science (ETMHS 2015) © 2015. The authors - Published by Atlantis Press 985enterprises include the general environmental uncertainty and the task environmental uncertainty,the general environmental uncertainty include the uncertainties which brought for constructionenterprises from the political environment, economic environment, legal environment and technicalenvironment, and the task environmental uncertainty include the uncertainties which brought forconstruction enterprises from new entrants, owners, suppliers and existing competitors.Through the above analysis, the several affecting factors of the project cost management by theorganizational environment were researched; this paper considers the factors are: organizationstructure, control system and social relations. And the table 1, the affecting factor system of theproject cost management by organizational environment, is built by these factors.Tab.1. the Affecting Factor System of the Project Cost Management by Organizational EnvironmentFirst class index Second class indexThird class indexProject CostManagementA Organization Structure 1B Organization Framework 1C Internal Coordination 2C Internal Restriction 3CControl System 2B Budget Mechanism 4CAccounting Mechanism 5CMonitoring Mechanism 6C Analyzing Mechanism 7CChecking Mechanism 8CMaterial Cost Management 9CProject Manager Management 10CSocialRelations 3B Major Stakeholder 11C External Communication andCoordination 12CEvaluation of the influence of the organizational environment on project cost managementbased on the Grey Relational AnalysisTo determine the weighing values of all levelsBecause of the important degree of the influence of the above indexes on project cost are notidentical, it is required to determine the weights.We can choose to invited several experts whoadopted the ratio scale method to compare two factors, and to determine the ratio scale betweenvarious factors, as shown in table 2, then in turn collect the statistics of frequency mij of each indexratio scale Cj.()jij C i j m U U c n= （2.1） In the formula, mij is the number of times of Ui ∈ci; n is the number of experts to participate inthe evaluation; Uci(Ui) is the ratio scale of Ui belong to the cj, we can get the ratio scale()j n i C i j i R U U ==∑ （2.2）986Tab.2. The meaning of the scaledivision meaning1 Have the same importance3 The former is a bit more important than the latter5 The former is obviously more important than thelatter7 The former is particularly more important than thelatter9 The former is extremely more important than thelatter2,4,6,8 The median value of the above-mentioned adjacentvaluereciprocal The degree that the latter is more important than the formerCalculate the feature vector W of matrix H, inspect whether have stochastic consistencybetween matrix H and the feature vector W, and compute consistency index CI=(λmax-n)/(n-1),when CR=CI/RI<0.10, the consistency of judgment matrix is satisfied, or need to adjust thejudgment matrix. Among them, the elements Wi(i=1,2,...n) of W represents the lower the weight ofeach index relative to its upper part index.Quantitative treatment of indicatorsEvaluation index can be divided into two types: quantitative index and qualitative index.Qualitative indicators are unquantitative fuzzy evaluation index, thus the comprehensive fuzzyevaluation method of quantitative index can be used. By experts fuzzy scoring in the first place,reoccupy the average value to quantify according to the fuzzy membership degree just as is shownin table 3.Tab.3. The fuzzy membership listfuzzy language best bette r goo d general ly ba d wors e wor stmembership 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.40.3 0.2 To determine the reference data sequence and compared sequenceIn order to evaluate the eligible object data sequence, the first thing is to determine theevaluation reference data sequence, usually write to uik=(ui1,ui2,...uin),k=1,2,...s.A comparison with reference data sequence uik have n data index sequences, and each datasequence (scheme) have s factors (indicators), then these comparative data column can be written asU0=(u10,u20,...un0)T.To determine the reference sequence, according to the comparison reference sequence types ofindicators selected, index of different types, different values of the methods. Seen in the literatureindex types have six kinds, including efficiency, cost, fixed type, range, deviation and deviationinterval[4].Index correlation calculation of index layerIn order to ensure the quality of modeling and get the right system analysis, the data must becarried out on the original data standardization transformation and data processing, so that thedimension can be eliminated and the data can be comparable. in correlation analysis, the mostcommon methods were used in data transformation are initial value transformation method, themean transformation method, full transformation method, unitary transformation method, multiplechanges, poor maximum transformation method, standardized method and interval valuetransformation method[4-5]. In this paper, using the standardized method for data processing, namely:,1,2,,k k i i i u x k s u == （2.3） 987In the formula, 0 means the reference solution.Corresponds to a sequence of reference data, there are a number of comparative data sequence,the ith comparative data with reference data sequences in the first k corresponding indicators of relative difference is the correlation coefficient, can be expressed as()0000min min max max max max 1,2,;1,2,k k i i i i k i k i ki k k i i i i i k X X X X X X X X i n k s ηξη-+-=-+-== （2.4）Type: η is distinguish coefficient, 0<η<1, typically take η=0.5.The weighted average correlation coefficient under various factors11(1,2,;1,2,)n k k k i k n i n k s γωξ====∑ （2.5）Type: ωk is the weight, 0≤ωk≤1.According to the comparison and analysis of correlation, multi-level comprehensive evaluationof the construction project cost management is adopted. Generally speaking, the bigger thecorrelation of engineering project cost management level was, the engineering project costmanagement situation greater. In this way, we can made a more objective comprehensiveevaluation for the construction enterprise project cost management situation, and use this asreference data for the management of engineering project cost.ExampleNow with the influence of A, B, C three construction enterprise environment present situation onthe engineering project cost management as an example to illustrate the specific application ofevaluation model of gray association analysis.The index classification, the classification and the weight of each index of A, B, C threeconstruction enterprise organizational environment , are shown in table4 the comprehensiveevaluation of engineering project cost management.Tab.4. The project cost management comprehensive evaluationLevel indicator s The weigh t The second Level indicators The weig ht the index sequence of Project cost management evaluation A B C 0i uB 10.3 C 1 0.4 0.4 0.6 0.5 0.6C 2 0.3 0.5 0.7 0.6 0.7 C 3 0.3 0.6 0.7 0.5 0.7B 20.4 C 4 0.2 0.7 0.6 0.4 0.7C 5 0.15 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.7C 60.1 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.6 C 7 0.2 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.6 C 8 0.1 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.6C 9 0.12 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.7C 10 0.13 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.6B 3 0.3C 11 0.56 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.7 C 12 0.44 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.6Weight is index to describe the affection of properties and various indicators of project costmanagement evaluation , scored by the expert , calculated the weight according to the type 2.1, 2.2 ,through the consistency check, in view of the length, not do detailed calculation here.Determine the optimal index (reference sequence)According to the principle of determining the optimal index, we can determine the referencesequence 0(0.6,0.7,0.7,0.7,0.7,0.6,0.6,0.6,0.7,0.6,0.7,0.6)i u =988Data standardization processBy the evaluation index system of project cost management, the evaluation index points belongto three classes. Processed the index sequence standardized according to the type (2.3) , threeclassification subset sequence are obtained. Calculate the absolute difference between the evaluation and the reference sequences sequencematrix, the calculation results are as follows:1max 0.33B ∆=，1min 0B ∆=；2max 0.17B ∆=，2min 0B ∆=；3max 0.43B ∆=，3min 0B∆=. Evaluation of the primary engineering project cost managementTake the resolution 0.5η=, the correlation coefficient of each subset can be calculated accordingto the type (2.4) , and correlation coefficient matrix is established. The table 4 shows that for Ⅰindexes, the weights 12(0.4,0.3,0.3)B ω=. According to the type (2.5) , he correlation of this indicator canbe calculated. [][]11120.330.370.541110.40.30.30.4110.470.50.540.37T B B B γωξ⎡⎤⎢⎥=⋅=⋅=⎢⎥⎢⎥⎣⎦On the basis of above, the primary evaluation can be conducted. For the class index, the sort ofthree construction enterprise correlation is C > B > A, which the index of engineering project costmanagement of construction enterprises B is optimal, C construction enterprise take the second, Abusiness is the worst.Similarly for II indexes, []20.790.350.5B γ=, we can judge that the optimal is A enterprise and Benterprise is the worst. For III indexes, []30.810.580.58B γ=, we can judge the optimal is A enterprise, B and C enterprise is the same.According to the corresponding evaluation results, management of construction enterprise projectcost management is optimized.The secondary comprehensive evaluation of the gray correlation analysisFrom the primary evaluation,we can be see that in the category of different indicators of thesame construction enterprise, both the optimal and the worst index category of engineering projectcost management can be appeared. Obviously , it is difficult to reflect the overall condition of theengineering project cost management. Therefore, all categories should be considered to thesecondary comprehensive evaluation on engineering project cost management. Primary indexweights ω1=(0.3,0.4,0.3), according to the type (2.5) ,we can get comprehensive correlation degree [][]10.410.790.8110.350.580.30.40.30.680.610.520.470.500.58T A γωξ⎡⎤⎢⎥=⋅=⋅=⎢⎥⎢⎥⎣⎦ Order By the correlation size:A B C γγγ>>. As you can see, the construction enterprise project costmanagement situation of quality for A is the best, B enterprise second, C enterprise is the worst.ConclusionBased on actual engineering project cost management, this paper considers the organizationalenvironment factors and builds the organization environment factors to the engineering project costmanagement. With gray correlation analysis method to engineering project cost managementconducts a multi-level evaluation, obtains different levels of management evaluation results, theresult is consistent with the actual situation of construction enterprise.shows that this method hascertain theoretical significance and practical value. But in this study, the main factors affecting theproject cost management may have failed to be included in some factors, such as enterprise culture,national macro policy and other factors. In future study, we can further complete factors through thedesign organization environment impact on the engineering project cost of questionnaire.989References[1] XuTang.Based on the strategy of target cost management method in the application of international engineering contracting project .Chong qing.Southwestern university of finance and economics , 2003:6-7.[2] Kaplan,Norton.Strategic center type organization. Beijing:Ren min university of China publishing house,2001.[3] Yan Haifeng,Wang Ruixu.The modern organization theory and organizationinnovation.Beijing:People's posts and telecommunications publishing house,2003:61-81.[4] Wu Weidong , Jing Guoxun,Wei Jianping. Grey correlation analysis in six coal mine ventilation system scheme (recent) the application of the optimization . Journal of coal , 2001, 34(3): 290-293.[5] Xiao Xinping, Song Zhongmin,Li Feng.Gray technology base and application.Beijing: Science press.2005.990。

考试对大学生学术的影响英语作文As a college student, I have experienced the influence of exams on academic performance. 考试对大学生学术表现的影响是不可忽视的。

Exams can be both a motivator and a stressor for students. 考试可以成为学生学习的动力，同时也会带来很大的压力。

On one hand, exams can push students to study hard and strive for better academic results. 考试可以促使学生努力学习，争取更好的学术成绩。

On the other hand, exams can also create immense pressure, leading to anxiety and fear of failure. 另一方面，考试也会带来巨大的压力，导致焦虑和对失败的恐惧。

In addition, exams can impact the way students approach learning. 除此之外，考试也会影响学生学习的方式。

Some students may focus solely on memorizing information for exams, rather than understanding and applying the knowledge. 一些学生可能会完全专注于为考试而死记硬背信息，而不是理解和应用知识。

Furthermore, exams can shape the educational environment and culture of a university. 此外，考试也会塑造大学的教育环境和文化。

As exams play a significant role in evaluating student performance, they often influence the teaching methods and curriculum. 由于考试在评估学生表现方面起着重要作用，它们通常会影响教学方法和课程设置。