清华大学国际经济学-第二次个人作业

作业名称国际经济学第二次作业作业总分100起止时间2016-11-2至2016-11-27 23:59:00通过分数60标准题总分100题号:1 题型:单选题（请在以下几个选项中选择唯一正确答案）本题分数:2如果一家美国公司从花旗银行墨西哥分行借入价值10亿美元的墨西哥比索，并用这笔钱在墨西哥建立了一家工厂，该交易在国际收支账户中的记账方式是（）∙A、在短期私人资本流入中记为贷方，在直接投资支付中记为借方∙B、在长期私人资本流入中记为贷方，在长期私人资本流出中记为借方∙C、在长期私人资本流入中记为贷方，在直接投资中记为借方∙D、在短期私人资本流入中记为贷方，在短期私人资本流出中记为借方标准答案：a说明：题号:2 题型:单选题（请在以下几个选项中选择唯一正确答案）本题分数:2根据对外贸易乘数理论,在其他条件不变的条件下,边际进口倾向同对外贸易乘数值呈（）∙A、反向关系∙B、无关联∙C、正向关系∙D、无法判断标准答案：a说明：题号:3 题型:单选题（请在以下几个选项中选择唯一正确答案）本题分数:2 我国公布的外汇牌价为100美元等于827.75元人民币,这种标价方法属于（）∙A、直接标价法∙B、间接标价法∙C、美元标价法∙D、无法判断标准答案：a说明：题号:4 题型:单选题（请在以下几个选项中选择唯一正确答案）本题分数:2根据乘数原理,进出口数量的变化给国民收入带来的影响比进出口本身的数量要（）∙A、一致∙B、大∙C、小∙D、无关标准答案：b说明：题号:5 题型:单选题（请在以下几个选项中选择唯一正确答案）本题分数:2 假定其他条件不变,一国的国民收入增加,容易导致国际收支出现（）∙A、顺差∙B、逆差∙C、平衡∙D、无法判断标准答案：b说明：题号:6 题型:单选题（请在以下几个选项中选择唯一正确答案）本题分数:2 假定其他条件不变,一国处于经济的衰退期,则国际收支容易出现（）∙A、顺差∙B、逆差∙C、平衡∙D、无法判断标准答案：a说明：题号:7 题型:单选题（请在以下几个选项中选择唯一正确答案）本题分数:2 根据IMF对国际收支的定义,“经济体”的含义比国家要（）∙A、广∙B、窄∙C、二者相同∙D、二者无法比较标准答案：a说明：题号:8 题型:单选题（请在以下几个选项中选择唯一正确答案）本题分数:2 货币贬值之后贸易收支逆差并不能立即改善，原因不包括（）∙A、认识时滞∙B、决策时滞∙C、生产时滞∙D、反应时滞标准答案：d说明：题号:9 题型:单选题（请在以下几个选项中选择唯一正确答案）本题分数:2 以下选项中，哪个选项不属于国际收支统计中居民的概念？∙A、外国企业∙B、非盈利机构∙C、国际经济组织∙D、政府标准答案：c说明：题号:10 题型:单选题（请在以下几个选项中选择唯一正确答案）本题分数:2 在国际收支平衡表中，下列不属于经常项目的是（）∙A、商品贸易收支∙B、非货币用途的黄金贸易∙C、保险费和保险赔偿支付∙D、货币用途的黄金交易标准答案：d说明：题号:11 题型:单选题（请在以下几个选项中选择唯一正确答案）本题分数:2 编制国际收支平衡表所依据的原理是（）∙A、收付实现制∙B、复式记账原理∙C、总分记账原理∙D、现金交易原理标准答案：b说明：题号:12 题型:单选题（请在以下几个选项中选择唯一正确答案）本题分数:2 IMF判断居民和非居民的标准是（）∙A、国籍∙B、地理位置∙C、民族∙D、经济利益中心标准答案：d说明：题号:13 题型:单选题（请在以下几个选项中选择唯一正确答案）本题分数:2 经常项目账户上剩余为正，则（）∙A、进口大于出口∙B、出口大于进口∙C、进、出口都变化∙D、进口和出口都相等标准答案：b说明：题号:14 题型:单选题（请在以下几个选项中选择唯一正确答案）本题分数:2 对外贸易乘数的理论基础是（）∙A、国内价格乘数理论∙B、国内货币乘数理论∙C、国内投资乘数理论∙D、国内通货膨胀乘数理论标准答案：c说明：题号:15 题型:单选题（请在以下几个选项中选择唯一正确答案）本题分数:2狭义的国际收支是指（）∙A、经常项目收支∙B、贸易收支∙C、外汇收支∙D、资本和金融项目收支标准答案：c说明：题号:16 题型:多选题（请在复选框中打勾，在以下几个选项中选择正确答案，答案可以是多个）本题分数:4本币贬值对经常项目收支的影响有（）∙A、效率效应∙B、收入效应∙C、贸易量效应∙D、价格效应标准答案：cd说明：题号:17 题型:多选题（请在复选框中打勾，在以下几个选项中选择正确答案，答案可以是多个）本题分数:4有哪些因素会导致国际收支不平衡？∙A、经济周期∙B、结构失衡∙C、价格波动∙D、国民收入改变标准答案：abcd说明：题号:18 题型:多选题（请在复选框中打勾，在以下几个选项中选择正确答案，答案可以是多个）本题分数:4导致国际收支失衡的主要原因有（）∙A、政治原因∙B、经济周期∙C、国民收入变化∙D、货币价值变动∙E、经济结构标准答案：bcde说明：题号:19 题型:多选题（请在复选框中打勾，在以下几个选项中选择正确答案，答案可以是多个）本题分数:4分析国际收支平衡表的方法有（）∙A、动态分析∙B、静态分析∙C、比较动态分析∙D、多维分析∙E、比较分析标准答案：abe说明：题号:20 题型:多选题（请在复选框中打勾，在以下几个选项中选择正确答案，答案可以是多个）本题分数:4国际收支不平衡的类型有（）∙A、周期性不平衡∙B、结构性不平衡∙C、货币性不平衡∙D、价格性不平衡∙E、收入性不平衡标准答案：abde说明：题号:21 题型:多选题（请在复选框中打勾，在以下几个选项中选择正确答案，答案可以是多个）本题分数:4影响经常项目的因素包括（）∙A、汇率∙B、本国国民收入∙C、外国国民收入标准答案：abc说明：题号:22 题型:多选题（请在复选框中打勾，在以下几个选项中选择正确答案，答案可以是多个）本题分数:4非生产性非金融资产包括（）∙A、无形资产∙B、知识产权∙C、专利权∙D、特许权标准答案：abcd说明：题号:23 题型:多选题（请在复选框中打勾，在以下几个选项中选择正确答案，答案可以是多个）本题分数:4外汇市场的功能包括（）∙A、把资金和购买力从一个国家和一种货币转变到另一个国家和另一种货币∙B、信贷功能∙C、套期保值∙D、投机标准答案：abcd说明：题号:24 题型:多选题（请在复选框中打勾，在以下几个选项中选择正确答案，答案可以是多个）本题分数:4储备资产包括哪些（）∙A、外汇∙B、黄金∙C、特别提款权(SDRS)∙D、在基金组织的储备头寸标准答案：abcd说明：题号:25 题型:多选题（请在复选框中打勾，在以下几个选项中选择正确答案，答案可以是多个）本题分数:4金融帐户包括（）∙A、直接投资∙B、证券投资∙C、间接投资∙D、其他投资∙E、储备资产标准答案：abde说明：题号:26 题型:判断题本题分数:3直接标价是指用本国货币来衡量外国货币的价格，在该标价法下, 汇率数额的增加表示外国货币升值, 本国货币贬值。

作业名称：国际经济学第二次作业作业总分：100 通过分数：60起止时间：2015-5-4 至 2015-5-29 23:59:00标准题总分：100详细信息：题号:1 题型:单选题（请在以下几个选项中选择唯一正确答案）本题分数:2 内容:假设俄罗斯的年通货膨胀率为100%，而瑞士仅为5%。

根据相对购买力平价，瑞士法郎对俄罗斯卢布的汇率将为（）A、下降95%B、上升95%C、上升5%D、下降5%正确答案:A题号:2 题型:单选题（请在以下几个选项中选择唯一正确答案）本题分数:2 内容:在政府货币政策保持不变，只采取紧缩的财政政策情况下，从内部需求看政府支出减少会导致（）A、国民收入增加B、就业机会减少C、失业机会减少D、总需求增加正确答案:B题号:3 题型:单选题（请在以下几个选项中选择唯一正确答案）本题分数:2 内容:可以平滑连续地对国际收支失衡进行修正,并保持外汇市场经常处于平衡状态的汇率制度是（）A、固定汇率制B、自由汇率制C、管理汇率制D、浮动汇率制正确答案:C题号:4 题型:单选题（请在以下几个选项中选择唯一正确答案）本题分数:2 内容:根据对外贸易乘数理论,在其他条件不变的条件下,边际消费倾向同对外贸易乘数值呈（）A、反向关系B、无关联C、正向关系D、无法判断正确答案:C题号:5 题型:单选题（请在以下几个选项中选择唯一正确答案）本题分数:2 内容:可以通过汇率调整清楚地表示出一国国内各种商品价格高低的汇率制度是（）A、固定汇率制B、自由汇率制C、管理汇率制D、浮动汇率制正确答案:C题号:6 题型:单选题（请在以下几个选项中选择唯一正确答案）本题分数:2 内容:以下选项中，哪个选项不属于国际收支统计中居民的概念？A、外国企业B、非盈利机构C、国际经济组织D、政府正确答案:C题号:7 题型:单选题（请在以下几个选项中选择唯一正确答案）本题分数:2 内容:（）只能在期权到期日执行，既不能提前，也不能推后A、美式期权B、欧式期权C、看涨期权D、看跌期权正确答案:B题号:8 题型:单选题（请在以下几个选项中选择唯一正确答案）本题分数:2 内容:如下交易将在国际收支账户中被记为贷方的是（）A、向外国人的支付B、得到外国人的支付C、外汇储备的减少D、既无价值流入，又无价值流出正确答案:B题号:9 题型:单选题（请在以下几个选项中选择唯一正确答案）本题分数:2 内容:下述几种货币中，哪一种是实行联合浮动的货币?A、英镑B、日元C、美元D、人民币正确答案:D题号:10 题型:单选题（请在以下几个选项中选择唯一正确答案）本题分数:2 内容:汇率根据银行买卖的角度划分不包括（）A、买入汇率B、卖出汇率C、中间汇率D、基础汇率正确答案:D题号:11 题型:单选题（请在以下几个选项中选择唯一正确答案）本题分数:2 内容:居民在国外投资收益的汇回应该记入（）A、经常帐户B、错误和遗漏帐户C、资本和金融帐户D、官方储备帐户正确答案:A题号:12 题型:单选题（请在以下几个选项中选择唯一正确答案）本题分数:2 内容:一般而言，实际利率的上升会引起（）A、储蓄增加，投资减少B、储蓄增加，投资增加C、储蓄减少，投资减少D、储蓄减少，投资增加正确答案:A题号:13 题型:单选题（请在以下几个选项中选择唯一正确答案）本题分数:2 内容:下列采用间接标价法的国家是（）A、英国B、中国C、日本D、法国正确答案:A题号:14 题型:单选题（请在以下几个选项中选择唯一正确答案）本题分数:2 内容:购买力平价理论的基础是（）A、利率平价成立B、铸币平价成立C、一价定律成立D、汇兑心理说正确答案:C题号:15 题型:单选题（请在以下几个选项中选择唯一正确答案）本题分数:2 内容:资本抽逃是指（）A、基于贬值恐慌的储备流失B、基于升值压力的储备流失正确答案:A题号:16 题型:多选题（请在复选框中打勾，在以下几个选项中选择正确答案，答案可以是多个）本题分数:4内容:下列关于一价定律和购买力平价的观点正确的是（）A、购买力平价理论建立在一价定律的基础上B、一价定律的要求比购买力平价条件严格C、即使单个商品不满足一价定律，但购买力平价条件仍然可以成立正确答案:ABC题号:17 题型:多选题（请在复选框中打勾，在以下几个选项中选择正确答案，答案可以是多个）本题分数:4内容:按照政府是否干预,浮动汇率制可以分为（）A、单独浮动B、清洁浮动C、管理浮动D、钉住浮动E、联合浮动正确答案:BC题号:18 题型:多选题（请在复选框中打勾，在以下几个选项中选择正确答案，答案可以是多个）本题分数:4内容:按照外汇收付的方式可以将汇率分为（）A、即期汇率B、远期汇率C、电汇汇率D、信汇汇率E、票汇汇率正确答案:CDE题号:19 题型:多选题（请在复选框中打勾，在以下几个选项中选择正确答案，答案可以是多个）本题分数:4内容:宏观政策在实际运用中存在哪些问题（）A、可能会引起长期的通货膨胀B、短期内，如果人们将扩张性政策与通货膨胀结合在一起，形成通货膨胀的合理预期，宏观经济政策即使在短期也不能刺激增长C、宏观政策效果的形成存在一定的时间滞后D、扩张性财政政策导致政府财政赤字E、扩张性财政政策下，易于产生贸易赤字，对汇率形成影响正确答案:ABCDE题号:20 题型:多选题（请在复选框中打勾，在以下几个选项中选择正确答案，答案可以是多个）本题分数:4内容:浮动汇率制按其浮动方式,可以分为（）A、单独浮动B、清洁浮动C、管理浮动D、钉住浮动E、联合浮动正确答案:ADE题号:21 题型:多选题（请在复选框中打勾，在以下几个选项中选择正确答案，答案可以是多个）本题分数:4内容:导致国际收支失衡的主要原因有（）A、政治原因B、经济周期C、国民收入变化D、货币价值变动E、经济结构正确答案:BCDE题号:22 题型:多选题（请在复选框中打勾，在以下几个选项中选择正确答案，答案可以是多个）本题分数:4内容:外汇干预对货币供给影响是（）A、央行资产负债同时增加、国内货币供给增加B、央行资产负债不变、国内货币供给不变C、央行资产负债减少、国内货币供给减少D、央行资产负债不变、国内货币供给不变正确答案:ABCD题号:23 题型:多选题（请在复选框中打勾，在以下几个选项中选择正确答案，答案可以是多个）本题分数:4内容:影响名义汇率的因素（）A、货币供给水平的变化B、货币供给增长率的变化C、产品需求结构的变化D、相对产品供给的变动正确答案:ABCD题号:24 题型:多选题（请在复选框中打勾，在以下几个选项中选择正确答案，答案可以是多个）本题分数:4内容:期货价格的特点是（）A、预期性B、隐密性C、连续性D、权威性正确答案:ACD题号:25 题型:多选题（请在复选框中打勾，在以下几个选项中选择正确答案，答案可以是多个）本题分数:4内容:资产有哪些形式（）A、工厂B、政府债券C、土地D、珍稀邮票正确答案:ABCD题号:26 题型:判断题本题分数:3内容:相对购买力平价理论认为，汇率的变动是由两国的通货膨胀率的差异决定的。

《国际经济学》篇章练习题及答案《国际经济学》篇章练习题及答案无论在学习或是工作中，我们或多或少都会接触到练习题，做习题有助于提高我们分析问题和解决问题的能力。

大家知道什么样的习题才是规范的吗？下面是小编收集整理的《国际经济学》篇章练习题及答案，仅供参考，大家一起来看看吧。

《国际经济学》篇章练习题及答案1单选1．中国在东北生产、出口水泥而华南从泰国进口水泥，属于（A）A同质的产业内贸曟B水平差异的产业内贸易C技术差异的产业内贸易D垂直差异的产业内贸易2．中国一方面吸引外国银行在华投资，经营金融业务，另一方面又在世界其他国家和地区投资分行、分公司，从事当地的金融、保险业务，属于（A）A同质的产业内贸易B水平差异的产业内贸易C技术差异的产业内贸易D垂直差异的产业内贸易3．欧洲一些国家在本国电力事从邻国进口，而在本国不太需要时出口供邻国使用，形成（A）A同质的产业内贸易B水平差异的产业内贸易C技柟差异的产业内贸易D垂直差异的产业内贸易4．欧盟的空中飞机在不同欧盟成员国内分工制造、组装的，零部件、整机的进出口，属于（A）A同质的产业内贸易B水平差异的产业内贸易C技术差异的产业内贸易D垂直差异的产业内贸易5．一些国家进口自己偏好但又没有大量原料进行生产的服装，而出口自己有丰富原料生产的衣服，属于（B）A同质的产业内贸易B水平差异的产业内贸易C技术差异的产业内贸易D垂直差异的产业内贸易6．中国既是世界上列于前位的IT产品的生产与出口国，但同时是高科技IT产品的进口国，属于（C）A同质的产业内贸易B水平差异的产业内贸易C技术差异的产业内贸易D垂直差异的产业内贸易7．发达国家在出口高档豪华车的同时，从其他发展中国家进口一些中、低质量的同类产品，属于（D）A同质的产业内贸易B水平差异的产业内贸易C技术差异的产业内贸易D垂直差异的产业内贸易8．新H-O模型解释的国际贸易类型是（D）A同质的产业内贸易B水平差异的产业内贸曟C技术差异的产业内贸易D垂直差异的产业内贸易9．克鲁格曼认为，产生产业内贸易的根本原因是（B）A差异产品的可选择性B规模经济C收入相似D经济发展水平相同10．林德需求重叠理论(B)。

2014年第一次国际经济学作业题目清单第一次作业说明：1）本题目清单中列示了各章的题目号，也列示了题目。

所列示的题目是根据各章中的题目号中的题目修改的，因此，大家根据题目清单中的题目回答问题就可。

列示题目号是方便大家寻找相应的教科书章节和原来的题目。

2）清单中，第二章到第九章共有14个题目，可以选择9个题目回答。

第十章中的8个题目任选2个即可。

3）大家在网络学堂提交作业，作业提交截止日期是：12月21日（周日）。

过时不再接受提交的作业。

国际经济学教材（机械工业出版社，Appleyard）第二章第2、3、9题1.什么是重商主义的思想支柱？为什么重商主义强调对经济要进行管制？解：重商主义的思想支柱是：（1）国际贸易总体来说是零和性质；（2）需要一个强大有力的政府进行市场干预；（3）劳动价值理论；（4）需要对经济活动进行调节，管控；（5）一个国家需要寻求贸易顺差对经济进行管制的原因是：重商主义者认为财富的唯一体现形式是贵金属的持有，经济活动和政策的目标应该是增加这些货币的持有，而一般的个体追求自己的利益难以实现这个目标，所以经济活动应该受到强烈的管制和干预。

2.重商主义悖论是什么意思？该悖论如何反映在重商主义的工资政策和人口政策方面？解：重商主义的悖论：（1）富有的国家有很多的穷人；（2）富有的国家要花费很多的财富来保护他们的财富。

体现在工资政策和人口政策方面主要是：为了减少劳动成本，工资被维持在一个很低的水平，而家庭却被鼓励生育孩子（通过税收和津贴的支持），这些现象导致了非常庞大的穷人阶层。

3. 近年来，中国保持了大量的贸易顺差，经济学家认为这种现象的持续是几种因素引起的，其中包括人民币的汇率水平。

重商主义如何解释这种盈余？为什么说大卫休谟认为这种盈余会自行消失？解：重商主义者如下解释这种盈余：重商主义者认为持续的贸易顺差是一件求之不得的事情，因为它产生了一中财富的净增长，对于重商主义者而言，贸易顺差代表着国家经济政策的成功，而不是一个问题。

北语22秋《国际经济学》作业2
试卷总分:100 得分:100
一、单选题 (共 10 道试题,共 50 分)
1.下列不属于浮动汇率制度类型的是（）。

[A.选项]可调整的固定汇率制度
[B.选项]有管理的浮动汇率制度
[C.选项]单独浮动汇率制度
[D.选项]联合浮动汇率制度
本题参考选择是：A
2.下列不属于贸易保护理论的有( ）。

[A.选项]幼稚产业理论
[B.选项]贸易条件恶化论
[C.选项]国内市场失灵论
[D.选项]要素禀赋理论
本题参考选择是：D
3.随着各国收入水平的提高，国际贸易有利于制成品生产国，而不利于农产品特别是食品的生产国，在这里起作用的规律是（）。

[A.选项]恩格尔定理
[B.选项]示范效应
[C.选项]大宗产品贸易理论
[D.选项]剩余物资出口理论
本题参考选择是：A
4.进口配额可以分为很多类型，最主要的两大类为（）。

[A.选项]绝对配额和关税配额
[B.选项]全球配额和国别配额
[C.选项]自主配额和协议配额
[D.选项]自动配额和非自动配额
本题参考选择是：B
5.世界贸易组织成立于（）。

[A.选项]1947年1月1日
[B.选项]1949年1月1日
[C.选项]1995年1月1日
[D.选项]1998年1月1日
本题参考选择是：C
6.根据国际收支调节的吸收分析法，若出现国际收支逆差，则应（）。

[A.选项]提高国民收入和国民吸收
[B.选项]提高国民收入，减少国民吸收
[C.选项]减少国民收入，增加国民吸收
[D.选项]减少国民收入和国民吸收。

XXX《国际经济学》在线作业二15秋100分答案1.对国际收支的全面定义的理论是货币分析法。

2.跨国公司的目标是追求自身利润最大化，而非全球各国福利最大化。

3.当自发总需求增加时，短期总供给曲线会向右上方移动。

4.管理浮动也被称为肮脏浮动。

5.大国征收关税可能导致国家的净福利为正。

6.要素禀赋是决定各国比较优势的基本原因。

7.广义国际收支强调的基础是交易。

8.根据XXX-XXX模型，在浮动汇率制下，财政政策完全失效。

9.根据XXX-XXX模型，在固定汇率制下，实行扩张的货币政策会导致收入不变，国际储备下降。

10.如果生产Y商品的资本/劳动比例大于生产X商品时的资本/劳动比例，则成Y产品为资本密集型产品。

11.根据XXX-XXX模型的假定，图形分析中的BP曲线是一条水平线。

12.根据相互需求原理，决定两国产品交换实际比例的关键因素是两国的相对需求强度。

13.根据对外贸易乘数理论，在其他条件不变的条件下，边际消费倾向同对外贸易乘数值呈正向关系。

14.XXX-俄模型研究的是贸易的利益分配。

二、多选题（共10道试题，共40分。

）1.按照一体化的程度高低,国际经济一体化一般有下列形式：A.优惠贸易安排B.自由贸易区C.关税同盟D.共同市场E.经济联盟。

2.进口配额的主要形式有：A.相对配额 B.绝对配额 C.国别配额 D.全球配额 E.关税配额。

3.根据IMF的标准格式,国际收支平衡表的组成部分包括：A.经常帐户B.错误和遗漏帐户C.资本和金融帐户D.官方储备帐户 E.特别提款权帐户。

4.长期资本一般包括：A.直接投资 B.间接投资 C.国际信贷 D.游资 E.外贸信贷。

5.比较优势理论假定：A.所有劳动都是同质的 B.两国实行自由贸易 C.规模收益不变 D.国际经济是静态的 E.只有一种生产要素。

6.购买力平价理论的缺陷在于：A.没有考虑资本流动 B.没有考虑非贸易商品 C.没有考虑运输成本 D.没有考虑贸易障碍E.没有考虑产业结构。

课后习题第一章绪论(一) 选择题1.国际经济学在研究资源配置时，是以（）作为基本的经济单位来划分的。

A. 企业B.个人C.政府D.国家2.国际经济学研究的对象是（）A国际商品流动B世界范围内的稀缺资源的最优配置C国际收支平衡D各国之间的经济活动和经济关系3.从国际间经济资源流动的难易度看，（）流动最容易A商品B资本C人员D技术答案提示：1.D 2. B D 3.C（二）问答题1．试述国际经济学和国内经济学的关系。

答案提示：（1）联系：国际经济学与国内经济学研究的经济活动是相似的，面临的主要问题也是相似的；（2）最主要的区别是国际经济的民族国家性。

第二章古典的国际贸易理论（一）选择题本国生产A、B、C、D四种产品的单位劳动投入分别为1、2、4、15，外国生产这四种产品的单位劳动投入分别为12、18、24、30，根据李嘉图模型，本国在哪种产品上拥有最大比较优势？在哪种产品上拥有最大比较劣势？（　）（ａ）Ｄ、Ａ （ｂ）Ｃ、Ｂ （ｃ）Ａ、Ｄ （ｄ）Ｂ、Ｃ答案：Ｃ　（二）问答题1．亚当·斯密对国际贸易理论的主要贡献有哪些？答案提示：亚当·斯密的主要贡献是：（1）抨击了重商主义；（2）提出了绝对优势之一概念；（3）强调国际分工是使国民财富增加的最重要手段。

2．绝对优势理论和比较优势理论的区别是什么？答案提示：（1）绝对优势理论强调，国与国之间劳动生产率的绝对差异导致的技术水平的差异是产生国际贸易的主要原因；（2）比较优势理论强调，劳动生产率的相对差异导致的技术水平的差异是产生国际贸易的主要原因。

（三）计算题1．根据下面两个表中的数据，确定（1）贸易前的相对价格；（2）比较优势型态。

表1 X、Y的单位产出所需的劳动投入A国 B国X Y 621512表2 X、Y的单位产出所需的劳动投入 A国 B国X Y 10455答案提示：首先将劳动投入转化为劳动生产率，然后应用与本章正文中一样的方法进行比较。

Chapter 2 World Trade—An OverviewMultiple Choice Questions1. What percent of all world production of goods and services is exported to other countries?(a) 10%(b) 25%(c) 50%(d) 100%(e) None of the aboveAnswer: B2.What percent of all world imports of goods and services were exported?(a) 10%(b) 25%(c) 50%(d) 100%(e) None of the above.Answer: D3. What percent of all world consumption (private and public, including real investment) was imported?(a) 10%(b) 25%(c) 50%(d) 100%(e) None of the above.Answer: B4. The gravity model, that states that size matters,predicts that the weight of the traded good will________ related to its likelihood to be exported(a) be directly(b) be inversely(c) not be(d) All of the above(e) None of the aboveAnswer: E12 Krugman/Obstfeld •Seventh Edition5. The gravity model offers a logical explanation for the fact that(a) Trade between Asia and the U.S. has grown faster than NAFTA trade.(b) Trade in services has grown faster than trade in goods.(c) Trade in manufactures has grown faster than in agricultural products(d) Intra-European Union trade exceeds International Trade of the European Union.(e) None of the aboveAnswer: D6. The gravity model suggests that over time(a) trade between neighboring countries will increase(b) trade between all countries will increase(c) world trade will eventually be swallowed by a black hole.(d) trade between Earth and other planets will become important(e) None of the aboveAnswer: E7. The gravity model explains why(a) trade between Sweden and Germany exceeds that between Sweden and Spain(b) countries with oil reserves tend to export oil.(c) capital rich countries export capital intensive products(d) intra-industry trade is relatively more important than other forms of trade between neighboringcountries.(e) None of the aboveAnswer: A8. According to the gravity model, a characteristic that tends to affect the probability of trade existingbetween any two countries is(a) their cultural affinity(b) the average weight/value of their traded goods(c) their colonial—historical ties(d) the distance between them(e) the number of varieties produced on the average by their industries.Answer: D9. The one single trade partner country of the U.S. is(a) United Kingdom(b) Canada(c) Mexico(d) Japan(e) IsraelAnswer: BChapter 2 World Trade—An Overview 13 10. In general which of the following tend to promote the probability of trade volumes between twocountries(a) Linguistic and/or cultural affinity(b) Historical ties(c) Sizes of economies(d) Mutual membership in preferential trade agreements(e) All of the aboveAnswer: E11. Since World War II (the early 1950s), the proportion of most countries’ production being used insome other country(a) remained constant(b) increased(c) decreased(d) fluctuated widely with no clear trend(e) both (a) and (d) aboveAnswer: B12. Since World War II, the likelihood that foreign markets would gain importance in the averageexporters’ as a source of profits(a) remained constant(b) increased(c) decreased(d) fluctuated widely with no clear trend(e) both (a) and (d) aboveAnswer: B13. Since World War II, the likelihood that any single item in the typical consumption basket of aconsumer in the U.S. originated outside of the U.S.(a) remained constant(b) increased(c) decreased(d) fluctuated widely with no clear trend(e) both (a) and (d) aboveAnswer: B14. Since World War II, the likelihood that the job a new college graduate will be directly or indirectlyaffected by world trade(a) remained constant(b) increased(c) decreased(d) fluctuated widely with no clear trend(e) both (a) and (d) aboveAnswer: B14 Krugman/Obstfeld •Seventh Edition15. Since World War II, the relative importance of raw materials, including oil, in total world trade(a) remained constant(b) increased(c) decreased(d) fluctuated widely with no clear trend(e) both (a) and (d) aboveAnswer: C16. In the current Post-Industrial economy, international trade in services (including banking andfinancial services)(a) dominates world trade(b) does not exist(c) is relatively small(d) is relatively stagnant(e) None of the aboveAnswer: C17. In the pre-World War I period, the U.S. exported primarily(a) manufactured goods(b) services(c) primary products including agricultural(d) technology intensive products(e) None of the aboveAnswer: C18. In the pre-World War I period, the United Kingdom exported primarily(a) manufactured goods(b) services(c) primary products including agricultural(d) technology intensive products(e) None of the aboveAnswer: A19. In the pre-World War I period, the United Kingdom imported primarily(a) manufactured goods(b) services(c) primary products including agricultural(d) technology intensive products(e) None of the aboveAnswer: CChapter 2 World Trade—An Overview 1520. In the present, most of the exports from China are in(a) manufactured goods(b) services(c) primary products including agricultural(d) technology intensive products(e) None of the aboveAnswer: A21. Which of the following does not explain the extent of trade between Ireland and the U.S.?(a) Historical ties(b) Cultural Linguistic ties(c) Gravity model(d) Multinational Corporations(e) None of the aboveAnswer: CEssay Questions1. When comparing the composition of world trade in the early 20th Century to the early 21st Century,we find major compositional changes. These include a relative decline in agricultural and primary-products (including raw materials). How would you explain this in terms of broad historicaldevelopments during this period?Answer: The typical composition of world production during this period experienced major changes. Focusing on today’s Industrialized Countries (primarily members of the O ECD),the industrial-employment composition was focused primarily on agriculture. Most valuewas in land. The predominant single consumption category was food. Since then, theeconomies shifted from the agricultural to the manufacturing sectors (continuing trendsbegun over a century earlier in the industrial revolution). Incomes rose, and consumptionshifted in favor of (increasingly affordable) manufactures. Both income and priceelasticities were greater in manufactures than in agricultural products. At the same timethere was a steady tendency for synthetic (manufactured) inputs to replace agriculturalbased raw materials and industrial inputs. Hence, trade and of course international tradeconformed to overall changes in patterns of world production and consumption.2. In the past half century, the developing countries have experienced major compositional shifts fromexports of primary products (including agricultural and raw materials) to exports of manufactures.How might you explain this in terms of broad historical developments during this period?16 Krugman/Obstfeld •Seventh EditionAnswer: Any discussion of the export experience of the developing countries must first clarify the problem of definitional inclusion. In particular, the exports of the (non-OECD) developingcountries, has become increasingly dominated by the experience of a relatively smallnumber of countries in South-East Asia, termed the New Industrialized Countries (NICs).Since they experienced both very rapid increases in their exports, and very rapid increasesin the manufactured component of their exports, their experience alone may explain thebulk of the observed phenomenon. Many would exclude the NICs from the developingcountry category so as to be able to focus the discussion on a more representative sampleof (the over 100) developing countries. More recently, a second wave of East Asiancountries, notably including China have replicated the experience of the NICs, and thisagain muddies the water for one interested in focusing on the export experience of thegrowing heterogenous category, developing countries.Chapter 2 World Trade—An Overview 17 Another explanation of the growing dependence on manufactured exports on the part ofthe developing countries, follows the answer to question 1 above. Since the consumer( including industrial consumer) markets in OECD countries were rapidly shifting awayfrom primary products, these markets were rapidly disappearing.In addition, in the world markets for primary products was generally limited by low priceand especially income elasticities; agricultural sectors tended to be highly and rigidlyprotected in potential OECD markets; and escalating effective tariff structures leviedsystematically large levels of protection against the primary exports of the developingcountries; success in world exports had to be pursued outside of the traditional primaryexports of these countries.3. The Neoclassical Heckscher-Ohlin model assumes that all producers of any industrial product hasknowledge of, and may avail itself of the same production technology available to producers in any other country. Many have flagged this identical technology assumption as an unrealistic assumption.During the past half century, the relative importance of the Multinational Corporations (MNCs) in world trade has steadily increased. How w ould this trend affect the realism of the “identicaltechnology” assumption?Answer: Noting that MNC plants tend to use more labor intensive production processes in countries where labor tends to be relatively cheap (both in “low” tech , e.g. Nike, and“high tech,” e.g. Motorola), one may argue that MNCs use different technologies indeveloping countries. However, this is a gross misunderstanding of the identicaltechnology assumption . It is axiomatically obvious that if the same MNC is producingsomething in both labor abundant and labor scarce using different processes, itnevertheless has knowledge (intimate knowledge in the case of proprietary patentedprocesses) of available technology. The fact that the MNC may choose not to apply thesame degree of capital intensity in environments with greatly different relative factorprices in no way lessens the fact that the Heckscher-Ohlin identical technologyassumption is strengthened due to the growing relative strength of MNCs in developingcountries. An additional fact that strengthens this argument is that, as compared to theearly 1950s, a growing proportion of MNCs are themselves based in developing countries,such as China and Brazil.4. One of the major political developments of the past several decades is the growing size andeconomic/monetary integration of the European Union. What effect do you think this will have on international trade between countries?Answer: The growing economic integration between the various countries of Europe, both the old and existing members of the European Union (EU) and the new countries joining it(including perhaps soon, Turkey), means that the barriers to trade are steadily falling in aregion that has traditionally dominated world trade. The common monetary unit should initself go far to promote inter-country trade within the growing EU (judging by thepositive historical effect of a single currency in the U.S.). The standardization oftransportation (including railroad gauges, highway signs etc.) and product codes will alsopromote expansion of intra-EU trade. The decline in the probability of political conflictassociated with this comprehensive economic union, plus conscious attempts to cooperatein fiscal and monetary policy stances again point to growing international trade, allowingthese countries to increasingly enjoy the fruits of potential positive scale economies, andmore traditional classical and neo-classical gains from trade. The scale economies willalso tend to increase trade between the EU and other countries.18 Krugman/Obstfeld •Seventh Edition5. The Services sector has been steadily rising in relative importance in GDP of the United States, aswell as elsewhere around the world. Since “services” have been identified as “non-tradables” (e.g. it is difficult to export haircuts), it may be argued that this trend will likely slow the rapid growth in international trade. Discuss.Answer: This argument stands on questionable logical foundations. The past half century has seena steady growth in the absolute and relative importance of international trade. This trendhas been reversed only by global conflicts, i.e. the two World Wars. This trend hasremained steady and robust despite major compositional shifts (e.g. from primary tomanufacturing), and location shifts (e.g., the sudden rise of NICs as significant group ofexporters). The trend will probably continue into the reasonable future, fueled by bothsuper-regional preferential trade regions and a growing impact of the multilateral forces,represented institutionally by the World Trade Organization (WTO)—as illustrated by therecent abolishment of the epitome cartelized trade, the world trade in textiles. Driven bytechnology—especially in the areas of communication and transportation—a reversal ofthe growing trade trend is not likely in t he near future. In any case, many “services” are infact quite tradable. Examples would be financial services, long-distance teaching, “help-desk” outsourcing, consulting and management services and others. In fact, when a touristgets a haircut, we s ee that even haircuts become a “tradable” service.。

精品文档中央财经大学《国际经济学》期末试卷（C卷）一、单项选择题（下列各题的四个选项中，只有一个是正确的，多选、错选均不得分，每题1分，共10分）1. 本国生产甲、乙、丙、丁四种产品的单位劳动投入分别为1、2、4、15，外国生产这四种产品的单位劳动投入分别为12、18、24、30，根据李嘉图模型，本国在哪种产品上拥有最大比较优势？在哪种产品上拥有最大比较劣势？（）A.丁、甲 B.丙、乙C.甲、丁D.乙、丙2. 从需求角度解释国际贸易产生原因的理论是（）A. 产业内贸易说B. 技术差距说C. 人力资本说D. 偏好相似说3. 与从价税相比，从量税（）A. 在商品价格上涨时保护作用更强B. 在商品价格下降时保护作用更强C. 能够体现公平税负原则D. 目前被大多数国家采用4.《洛美协定》所规定的欧盟对参加协定的发展中国家所提供的进口关税是（）B. 差价税A. 普惠税特惠税最惠国税C.D.）5. 买方信贷是指（出口方银行向本国出口商提供的贷款A.出口方银行向外国进口商提供的贷款B.C. 进口方银行向外国出口商提供的贷款D. 进口方银行向本国进口商提供的贷款( ) 6. 在国际卡特尔订价中，当产品的需求弹性越小，卡特尔订价水平就B.越高 A.越低不确定不变C. D.( )国际生产折衷理论可以集中概括为下列优势的有机结合7.A.所有权优势、区位优势和技术优势B.所有权优势、内部化优势和技术优势C.区位优势、内部化优势和技术优势所有权优势、内部化优势和区位优势D. ( )8. 下述哪一种不属于投机性外汇交易 B.A.双边套汇多边套汇精品文档．精品文档C.套利D.套期保值9. 如果即期汇率为1英镑=2美元，六个月远期汇率为1英镑=1.96美元，则（）A. 英镑年升税率2%B. 美元年升税率2%C. 英镑年贴税率4%D. 美元年贴税率4%10. 本国居民购买了外国公司的股票，该项在国际收支平衡表中的借方记为（）A. 短期资本流入B. 短期资本流出C. 长期资本流入D. 长期资本流出二、多项选择题（下列各题所给的五个选项中，至少有一项以上的答案是正确的，多选、少选、错选均不得分，每题2分，共10分）1．假定食品部门与制造业部门的特定要素分别为土地与资本，两部门共同要素为劳动力，如果食品价格下降8%，下列哪些叙述是正确的？（）A.工资率下降幅度小于8%B.食品部门产量下降、制造业部门产量上升C.资本所有者收入上升、土地所有者收入下降D.劳动力从食品部门流向制造业部门E.劳动力从制造业部门流向食品部门2．下列属于非关税壁垒措施的有（）A.最惠国待遇B. 对外贸易的国家垄断C. 进口许可证D.技术和卫生检疫标准E. 自愿出口限制3．劳动力的国际流动对流入国带来的利益表现为（）A．增加该国的财政收入 B．增加该国的国民财富C．增加该国的人才资源 D．增加该国的管理费用E．增加该国居民的就业岗位4．基本项目收支差额包括（）A.商品贸易收支B.服务贸易收支C.资本项目收支D.官方结算收支E.金融资产变动项目收支5．一国在实现外部平衡的过程中，可供选择的政策措施有（）A.融通资金B.外汇管制C.汇率浮动D.调整经济E.限制进口精品文档．精品文档三、判断题（下列各题，如果你认为描述正确请划“√”，如果认为错误请划“×”，每题1分，共10分）（）1．一国对贸易商品的供求弹性越大，供求曲线越陡峭，该国从建立关税同盟中获得的贸易创造利益就越大。

1.分别说明以下各图对应的是什么情况，并加以解释。

这种情况称为需求的逆转，也即是需求的差异超过了供给能力方面的差异，即有生产劳动密集型产品供给优势的国家也更加偏爱劳动密集型商品，导致其劳动密集型商品对资本密集型商品的价格反而比另外一个国家（资本充裕的国家）更高，开放贸易后反而进口劳动密集型商品，对于另一国也是一样的情况。

3.过去20年在美国以及一些其他发达国家，国际贸易对工资不平等的加剧是否起到什么作用？应怎样解释？
过去20年，美国与发展中国家，尤其是新兴工业化国家的国际贸易加剧了国内熟练工人与不熟练工人之间的工资不平等。

首先，对劳动密集型商品进口的增加减少了对不熟练工人的需求；其次，劳动节约型的变革的加速引进进一步减少了对不熟练工人的需求。

然而，国际贸易只是导致美国国内工资不平等加剧的一小部分原因，最重要的原因是技术变革。

4．根据教材中运输成本与国际贸易的模型图，说明对贸易商品的供求曲线较陡峭的国家，负担的运输成本较大。

（画图并加以说明）
5.完全竞争厂商、垄断竞争厂商和完全垄断厂商所面临的需求曲线之间有什么差异？为什么？
6.画一张与教材中规模经济国际贸易模型图相似的图，表示在规模经济下，生产可能性曲线相同而偏好不同的国家之间是如何互利贸易的。

7.根据产业内贸易指数，计算下列进出口水平下，产业内贸易的程度。

（1）1000（出口）和1000（进口）下同
（2）1000和750
（3）1000和500
（4）1000和250
（5）1000和0
这些大家可以根据公式自行计算。

Assignment[1]2. When the value of the US dollar falls in relations to the currencies of othernations, what do you think will happen to the quantity of US(a) imports?(b) exports?Answer:(a)When the value of the U.S. dollar falls in relation to the currencies of other nations,imports become more expensive for Americans and so they would purchase a smaller quantity of imports.(b)When the value of the U.S. dollar falls in relation to the currencies of other nations,exports become chapter for foreigners and so they would purchase a greater quantity of U.S. exports.[2]5. (a)How do international economic relations differ from interregional economicrelations?(b) In what way are they similar?Answer:(a)Restrictions imposed on the flow of goods, services, and factors across theirborders, but not internally.International flows are to some extent hampered by differences in language, customs, and lawsInternational flows of goods, services, resources give rise to payments and receipts in foreign currencies, which change in value over time(b)Both international and interregional economic relations involve the overcoming ofspace or distance. Indeed, they both arise from the problems created by distance.This distinguishes them from the rest of economics, which abstracts from space and treats the economy as a single point in space, in which production, exchange, and consumption take place.[3]15. Table 2.5 shows bushels of wheat and the yards of cloth that the US and theUK can produce with one hour of labor time under four different hypothetical situation. In each case, identify the commodity in which the US and UK have an absolute advantage or disadvantage?Table 2.5US UK US UK US UK US UK wheat (bushels/man-hour) 4 1 4 1 4 1 4 2 cloth (yard/man-hour) 1 2 3 2 2 2 2 1Answer:In case A, the united states has an absolute advantage in wheat and the united kingdom in cloth.In case B, the united states has an absolute advantage (so that the united kingdom has an absolute disadvantage)in cloth commodities.In case C, the united states has an absolute advantage in wheat but has neither advantage nor disvantage in cloth.In case D, the united states has an absolute advantage over the united kingdom in cloth commodities.[4]16. With respect to Table 2.5, indicating in each case whether or not trade ispossible and the basis for trade?Answer:In case A, the united states has a comparative advantage in wheat and the united kingdom in cloth.In case B, the united states has a comparative advantage and the united kingdom in cloth.In case C, the united states has a comparative advantage and the united kingdom in cloth.In case D, the united states and the united kingdom have a comparative advantage in neither commodities.[5]18. If you have traveled to poor developing countries, you will have noticed thatpeople there consume very different goods and services than US consumers. Does this mean that tastes in developing countries are very different from US tastes?Explain.Answer:People in developing countries consume very different goods and services than U.S.consumers not because tastes are very different from the tastes of U.S. consumers but because incomes are so different (much lower) than in the United States.[6]21. Explain why, with factor-intensity reversal, international differences in theprice of capital can decrease, increase, or remain unchanged with international trade?Answer:With factor-intensity reversal, a commodity is L-intensive in one nation and K-intensive in the other. The H-O model would the predict that both nations would export the same commodity. Since this is impossible, both nations must export the commodity intensive in the same factor.If this is the K-intensive commodity, the demand for K will increase in both nations, If it is the L-intensive commodity, the demand for K will fall in both nations. Thus, the price of K will either rise or fall in both nations, and international differences in the price of K will decrease, increase or remain unchanged depending on the rate of change in the price of K in the two nations.[7]35. What is meant by the optimum tariff? What is its relationship on changes inthe nation’s terms of trade and volume of trade?Answer:The optimum tariff : rate of tariff that maximizes the net benefit resulting from the improvement in the nation’s terms of trade against the negative effect resulting fromreduction in the volume of trade(1)Starting from the free trade position, as the nation increases its tariff rate, itswelfare increases up to a maximum (the optimum tariff) and then declines as the tariff rate is raised past the optimum.(2)Eventually the nation is pushed back toward the autarky point with a prohibitivetariff(3)as the terms of trade of the nation imposing the tariff improve, those of the tradepartner deteriorate, since they are the inverse, or reciprocal, of the terms of trade of the tariff-imposing nation. Facing both a lower volume of trade and deteriorating terms of trade, the trade partner’s welfare definitely declines(4)the trade partner is likely to retaliate and impose an optimum tariff on its own.While recapturing most of its losses with the improvement in its terms of trade, retaliation by the trade partner will definitely reduce the volume of trade still further(5)The first nation may then itself retaliate. If the process continues, all nationsusually end up losing all or most of the gains from trade.(6)even the trade partner does not retaliate when one nation imposes the optimumtariff, the gains of the tariff-imposing nation are less than the losses of the trade partner, so that the world as a whole is worse off than under free trade(7)free trade maximizes world welfare[8]37. What is an import quota? How is it mostly used today? What are the partialequilibrium effects of an import quota? How are they similar to and different from the effects of an equivalent import tariff?Answer:A quota is a direct quantitative restriction on imports or exports. An import quota hasthe same consumption and production effects as an (equivalent) import tariff.An import quota can be used to protect a domestic industry, to protect domestic agriculture, and/or for balance-of-payments reasons.Import quota were very common in Western Europe immediately after World War II.Since then import quotas have been used by all industrial nations to protect their agriculture and by developing nations to stimulate import substitution ofmanufactured products and for balance-of-payments reasonsThe partial equilibrium effects of an import quota can be illustrated with Figure9.1.Figure9.1Starting from the trade Px =$1, an import quota of 30X (JH) result in Px =$2 and consumption of 50X (GH), of which 20X(GJ) is produced domesticallyIf the government auctioned off import licenses to the highest bigger in a competitive market, the revenue effect $30 (JHNM), as with a 100% import tariffSimilar:If government auctions off import licenses to the highest bidder in a competitive market, the revenue effect also is same. The adjustment to any shift in demand or supply occurs in the domestic price with import quota and in the quantity of imports with a tariff. If import licenses are not auctioned off ,they lead to monopoly profits and possible corruption. An import quota is in general more restrictive than an equivalent import tariff.Different:(1)The shift of Dx to D’x points to one of several important differences between an import quota and an import tariff. That is, with a given import quota, an increase in demand will result in a higher domestic price and greater domestic production than with an equivalent import tariff.(2)A second important difference between an import quota and an import tariff is that the quota involves the distribution of import licenses. If government does not auction off the licenses in a competitive market, firms that receive them will reap monopoly profits.(3)An import quota limits imports to the specified level with certainty, while the trade effect of an import tariff may be uncertain.[9]50.What are the outstanding trade problems facing the world today?Answer:(1)subsidies and tariffs on agricultural products remain very high; quantitativerestrictions on textiles and apparel will not be completely removed until the end of 2004, and even then tariffs on these products will remain very high. Although tightened, antidumping measures trade disputes remains.(2) many of the trade problems of developing countries (liberalization of textiles andagriculture trade) have not been adequately addressed.(3)the Uruguay Round did not make any special provision to help the formerlycentrally planned economies of Eastern European and the former Soviet Union establish market economies and integrate them into the world trading system after the collapse of communism in the late 1980s and early 1990s(4) tendency to break up into 3 major trading blocs: the European Union (EU), theNorth American Free Trade Area (NAFTA), and a (much less defined) Asian blocs EU: removed all remaining barriers to the internal flow of goods and resources in the end of 1992; closer to becoming a single unified financial market with the euro at the beginning of 2002; expand eastward with the admission of the first group of ex-communist European countries.NAFTA: phase out most barriers to trade within North American by 2003.(5)not dealt with labor and environmental standardssome developed countries: “leveling of working conditions” between developed and developing countries to avoid “social dumping” by the latterThe same is true environmental standards.Trade-related competition policies (subsidies and regulations ) as well as trade-related investment measures (TRIMs) have also been inadequately dealt with[10]60. What free trade agreements have negotiated by the United States? What isNAFTA?Answer:The United Stated negotiated free trade agreements with Israel in 1985 and with Canada in 1988.In 1993, the United Stated, Canada and Mexico signed the North American free trade agreement (NAFTA).NAFTA is to eventually lead to free trade in goods and services over the entire North American area. NAFTA will also phase out many other barriers to trade and reduce barriers to cross-border investment among the three countries. The implementation of NAFTA benefits the United Stated by increasing competition in product and resource markets, as well as by lowering the prices of many commodities to U.S. consumers.Free trade access to Mexico allows U.S. industries to import labor-intensive components from Mexico and keep other operations in the United Stated rather than possibly losing all jobs in the industry to low-wage countries.。