宏观经济学期末考试试题(含答案)

宏观经济学试题及答案一、单项选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. 宏观经济学主要研究的是：A. 个体经济行为B. 家庭经济行为C. 企业经济行为D. 总体经济行为答案：D2. 国内生产总值（GDP）是指：A. 一个国家在一定时期内生产的所有最终商品和服务的市场价值总和B. 一个国家在一定时期内消费的所有最终商品和服务的市场价值总和C. 一个国家在一定时期内投资的所有最终商品和服务的市场价值总和D. 一个国家在一定时期内出口的所有最终商品和服务的市场价值总和答案：A3. 通货膨胀是指：A. 货币供应量增加B. 货币购买力下降C. 商品和服务价格普遍上升D. 失业率上升答案：C4. 财政政策主要包括：A. 税收政策和货币政策B. 货币政策和汇率政策C. 财政支出和税收政策D. 财政收入和货币政策答案：C5. 货币政策的主要工具是：A. 利率和公开市场操作B. 利率和汇率C. 利率和财政支出D. 公开市场操作和汇率答案：A6. 经济增长通常是指：A. 国内生产总值的增加B. 人均国内生产总值的增加C. 货币供应量的增加D. 通货膨胀率的下降答案：B7. 经济周期的四个阶段是：A. 繁荣、衰退、萧条、复苏B. 衰退、萧条、复苏、繁荣C. 复苏、繁荣、衰退、萧条D. 萧条、复苏、衰退、繁荣答案：A8. 失业率是指：A. 劳动力总数中未就业人数的比例B. 劳动力总数中就业人数的比例C. 劳动力总数中长期失业人数的比例D. 劳动力总数中短期失业人数的比例答案：A9. 贸易顺差是指：A. 出口总额大于进口总额B. 进口总额大于出口总额C. 出口总额等于进口总额D. 出口总额和进口总额的差额答案：A10. 总需求曲线向下倾斜表明：A. 价格水平上升，总需求增加B. 价格水平上升，总需求减少C. 价格水平下降，总需求增加D. 价格水平下降，总需求减少答案：B二、多项选择题（每题3分，共15分）1. 宏观经济学中的总供给包括：A. 消费B. 投资C. 政府购买D. 净出口答案：ABCD2. 影响通货膨胀的因素包括：A. 货币供应量B. 劳动力成本C. 原材料价格D. 消费者预期答案：ABCD3. 财政政策的自动稳定器包括：A. 税收B. 政府支出C. 转移支付D. 利率答案：ABC4. 货币政策的传导机制包括：A. 利率渠道B. 信贷渠道C. 货币供应量渠道D. 汇率渠道答案：ABCD5. 经济衰退的特征包括：A. 国内生产总值下降B. 失业率上升C. 通货膨胀率下降D. 企业利润下降答案：ABCD三、简答题（每题10分，共20分）1. 简述凯恩斯主义经济学的主要观点。

高校宏观经济学期末考核习题及参考答案1. 选择题1.1 宏观经济学主要研究的是（）。

A. 国家经济发展的政策B. 单个公司的经济运作C. 不同行业的经济模式D. 整个国民经济的运行规律参考答案：D1.2 影响经济增长率的因素主要包括（）。

A. 基础设施建设B. 科技进步C. 人力资本投资D. 金融市场稳定参考答案：A、B、C1.3 以下哪个指标不属于计算国内生产总值（GDP）时考虑的范围（）。

A. 个人储蓄B. 政府支出C. 净出口D. 固定资本形成参考答案：A2. 简答题2.1 宏观经济学的基本概念是什么？请简要描述。

参考答案：宏观经济学是研究整个国家或地区经济体系的总体运行规律和宏观经济问题的学科。

它关注经济增长、就业、通货膨胀、货币政策等方面的问题，研究经济系统的总体运行和调控。

2.2 请简要解释什么是货币政策？参考答案：货币政策是指中央银行通过调整货币供应量和利率水平等手段来影响经济活动和价格水平的政策。

它旨在实现经济稳定和促进经济增长，通过调控货币供应和信贷规模，以及进行利率调整等策略来影响市场利率、借贷成本和金融市场活动。

3. 计算题3.1 根据以下数据，计算国家的消费水平和投资水平，并计算净出口。

消费支出：5000亿元政府支出：2000亿元投资支出：3000亿元国内生产总值（GDP）：10000亿元进口：1000亿元出口：1500亿元参考答案：消费水平 = 消费支出 = 5000亿元投资水平 = 投资支出 = 3000亿元净出口 = 出口 - 进口 = 1500亿元 - 1000亿元 = 500亿元总结：本文提供了高校宏观经济学期末考核的习题及参考答案。

习题包括选择题、简答题和计算题等。

选择题涵盖了宏观经济学的基本概念和影响经济增长率的因素等内容。

简答题要求对宏观经济学和货币政策进行简要描述和解释。

计算题要求根据给定数据计算国家的消费水平、投资水平和净出口。

通过完成这些习题，学生可以巩固对宏观经济学知识的理解和运用能力，为期末考核做好准备。

宏观经济学A期末考试试题及答案一、单项选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. 宏观经济学主要研究的是（）。

A. 个别经济单位的经济行为B. 总体经济现象C. 政府的经济行为D. 企业的生产行为答案：B2. 总需求曲线向下倾斜的主要原因是（）。

A. 价格水平上升B. 价格水平下降C. 收入效应D. 替代效应答案：C3. 货币政策的实施机构是（）。

A. 财政部B. 国家统计局C. 中央银行D. 证监会答案：C4. 经济衰退时，政府应该采取的财政政策是（）。

A. 增加税收B. 减少支出C. 减少税收D. 增加支出5. 货币供应量增加，利率下降，这表明（）。

A. 货币需求减少B. 货币需求增加C. 货币供给增加D. 货币供给减少答案：C6. 通货膨胀率上升，货币的实际购买力会（）。

A. 增加B. 减少C. 不变D. 不确定答案：B7. 经济中存在失业，政府应该采取的措施是（）。

A. 减少公共支出B. 增加公共支出C. 增加税收D. 减少税收答案：B8. 经济增长通常与以下哪个因素有关（）。

A. 资本积累B. 人口增长C. 技术进步D. 所有以上答案：D9. 长期总供给曲线是（）。

B. 向上倾斜的C. 向下倾斜的D. 向右倾斜的答案：A10. 经济周期中，经济从衰退到复苏的阶段被称为（）。

A. 复苏期B. 繁荣期C. 衰退期D. 萧条期答案：A二、简答题（每题10分，共40分）1. 简述凯恩斯主义经济学的主要观点。

答案：凯恩斯主义经济学认为，在短期内，总需求的变化是影响经济波动的主要因素。

政府可以通过财政政策和货币政策来调节总需求，从而实现充分就业和稳定物价。

2. 解释什么是菲利普斯曲线，并说明其在现代宏观经济学中的意义。

答案：菲利普斯曲线描述了失业率与通货膨胀率之间的负相关关系。

在短期内，较低的失业率往往伴随着较高的通货膨胀率。

然而，在长期内，这种关系可能并不稳定，因为通货膨胀预期会改变人们的行为。

3. 描述货币政策的三大工具，并简要说明它们是如何影响经济的。

宏观期末试题及答案宏观经济学期末试题及答案一、选择题1. 宏观经济学主要研究的是（）。

A. 个体经济行为B. 产业内部关系C. 市场行为D. 全球经济关系答案：D2. 下列哪种货币供应渠道不属于央行的操作渠道？A. 存款准备金政策B. 开放市场操作C. 货币市场操作D. 贴现贷款操作答案：C3. 当一个国家的货币供应量增加时，该国家的物价水平通常会（）。

A. 上升B. 下降C. 保持不变D. 波动答案：A4. 经济增长率的计算公式是（）。

A. (GDPt - GDPt-1)/GDPt-1 × 100%B. (GDPt-1 - GDPt)/GDPt-1 × 100%C. (GDPt - GDPt-1)/GDPt × 100%D. (GDPt-1 - GDPt)/GDPt × 100%答案：A5. 下列哪种货币政策工具可以用于调控通货膨胀？A. 货币供应量B. 货币利率C. 外汇储备D. 货币市场利率答案：B二、简答题1. 请解释货币的三个职能。

货币的三个职能分别是价值尺度、流通手段和储藏手段。

首先，货币作为价值尺度，可以衡量和比较各种商品和服务的价值。

其次，货币作为流通手段，可以在市场上作为交换媒介，方便商品和服务的买卖交易。

最后，货币作为储藏手段，人们可以将其储存起来，以备将来使用。

2. 请解释通货膨胀对经济的影响。

通货膨胀对经济的影响有以下几方面：首先，通货膨胀会降低货币的购买力，导致物价上涨，减少人们的消费能力和生活水平。

其次，通货膨胀会扭曲资源配置，由于价格上涨，生产成本增加，导致企业投资意愿下降，影响经济的正常运行。

此外，通货膨胀还会引发收入分配的不平等，对固定收入者和储蓄者造成损失，而对资产持有者带来收益。

最后，通货膨胀会削弱国家货币的国际竞争力，影响国际贸易和债务偿还。

三、论述题中国经济的供给侧结构性改革供给侧结构性改革是指通过改善生产力和供给效率，推动经济结构转型升级的一种改革方式。

《宏观经济学》期末考试复习题附答案（参考）一、单项选择第十二章国民收入核算1．下列关于GDP说法正确的是（③）①一年内一个国家范围内的所有交易的市场价值②一年内一个国家范围内交换的所有最终商品和劳务的市场价值③一年内一个国家范围内生产的所有最终商品和劳务的市场价值④一年内一个国家范围内交换的所有商品和劳务的市场价值2．某人收入为1000元，个人所得税200元，政府补助150元，则个人可支配收入为（②）① 1350元② 950元③ 650元④ 1050元3．下列将计入当年GDP的一项是（③）①某人花10万元购买一辆二手汽车②面包厂购买的面粉③某企业当年生产没有卖掉的20万元产品④家庭妇女在家从事家务劳动4．如果一个社会体系的消费支出为9亿元，投资支出为1.2亿元，间接税为1亿元，政府用于商品和劳务的支出为2.5亿元，出口额为 3亿元，进口额为1.8亿元，则下列正确的是（①）① GDP为13.9亿元② GDP为12.9亿元③ NDP为13.9亿元④ NDP为12.9亿元5.一国的GNP小于GDP，说明该国公民从国外取得的产值（ B ）外国公民从该国取得的产值。

A、大于B、小于C、等于D、可能大于也可能小于6.今年名义GDP大于去年的名义GDP，说明（ D ）A、今年的物价水平一定比去年高了B、今年生产的物品和劳务总量一定比去年增加了C、今年的物价水平和实物产量水平一定都比去年提高了D、以上三种说法都不一定正确。

7．在一般情况下，国民收入核算体系中，数值最小的是（ C ）A、国民生产净值；B、个人收入；C、个人可支配收入；D、国民收入8、一国国内在一定时期内生产的所有最终产品和劳务的市场价值根据价格变化调整后的数值被称为（ B ）A、国民生产净值；B、实际国内生产总值；C、名义国内生产总值；D、潜在国内生产总值9、在统计中，社会保险税增加对( D )项有影响。

A、国内生产总值(GＤＰ)；B、国内生产净值(ＮＤＰ)；C、国民收入(NＩ)；D、个人收入(PＩ)。

宏观经济学期末考试试卷及答案（ 卷）一、名词解释题（本题型共 题。

每题 分，共 分）．国内生产总值 ．平衡预算乘数 ．流动性偏好 ．基础货币 ．充分就业 ．国内生产总值：一个国家或地区在一定时期内运用生产要素所生产的全部最终产品（物品和劳务）的市场价值。

．平衡预算乘数：政府的收入和支出同时且以同数量变动时国民收入的变动与政府收入支出变动的比率。

．流动性偏好：即对货币的需求，由于货币具有使用上的灵活性，人们宁可牺牲利息收入而储存不生息货币来保持财富的心理倾向。

．基础货币：商业银行的准备金总额（法定的和超额的）加上非银行部门持有的通货是存款扩张的基础，被称为基础货币。

．充分就业：在广泛的意义上指一切生产要素（包含劳动）都有机会以自己意愿的报酬参加生产的状态。

二、单项选择题（本题型共 题。

每题正确答案只有一个。

每题 分，共 分）．下列哪一项将不计入．．．当年的 ？（ ）．当年整修过的古董汽车所增加的价值； ．一辆新汽车的价值；．一辆二手汽车按其销售价格计算的价值； ．一台磨损的高尔夫球清洁机器的替换品。

． ；．在以支出法计算国内生产总值时，不属于．．．投资的是（ ）。

．某企业增加一笔存货； ．某企业建造一座厂房；．某企业购买一台计算机； ．某企业购买政府债券。

． ；．用收入法计算 时，不能计入 的是（ ）．政府给公务员支付的工资； ．居民购买自行车的支出；．农民卖粮的收入； ．自有住房的租金。

． ；．当实际 为 亿美元， 缩减指数为 时，名义国民收入为：（ ） ． 亿美元； ． 亿美元； ． 亿美元； ． 亿美元。

． ；．一个家庭当其收入为零时，消费支出为 元；而当其收入为 元时，其消费为 元，在图形上，消费和收入之间成一条直线，则其边际消费倾向为（）。

． ； ． ； ． ； ． 。

． ；．认为消费者不只同现期收入相关，而是以一生或可预期长期收入作为消费决策的消费理论是（ ）。

．相对收入理论； ．绝对收入理论； ．凯恩斯消费理论； ．永久收入理论。

1）奥肯定律[答案]：奥肯定律的含义是失业率与实际国民生产总值之间存在一种高度负相关关系。

奥肯定律的主要内容是：失业率如果超过充分就业界限（通常以4%的失业率为标准）时，每使失业率降低1%，实际国民生产总值则增加3%。

反之，失业率每增加1%，实际国民生产总值则减少3%。

2）一个农民种植了 1 蒲式耳小麦，并以1 美元的价格卖给磨坊主。

磨坊主把小麦磨成面粉，然后以3 美元的价格卖给面包师。

面包师用面粉制造面包，并以6 美元的价格卖给一个工程师，工程师吃了面包。

每个人的增加值是多少？GDP 是多少？[答案] 每个人的增值等于成品的价值减去每个人支付的原材料的成本。

因此农民的增值S1（1刀）；面粉厂的增值为S2（3-1=2刀）；面包店的增值为S3（6-3=3刀）。

GPD 是总的价值增量，即1+2+3=6刀。

注意：GDP与最终产品（面包）价值相等。

3）把下列交易归入四个支出部分之一：消费、投资、政府购买以及净出口。

A、波音公司向空军出售一架飞机（政府购买）B、波音公司向美国航空公司出售一架飞机（投资）C、波音公司向法国航空公司出售一架飞机（净出口）D、波音飞机向阿密拉•埃尔哈特出售了一架飞机（消费）E、波音公司制造了一架下半年出售的飞机（投资）4）考虑有三种投入的柯布-道格拉斯生产函数。

K 是资本（机器数量）、L 是劳动（工人人数）、H 是人力资本（工人中大学毕业生人数）。

生产函数为：A、推导出劳动的边际产量。

人力资本量的增加如何影响劳动的边际产量？B、推导出人力资本的边际产量的表达式。

人力资本量的增加怎样影响人力资本的边际产量？C、支付给劳动的收入份额是多少？支付给人力资本的收入份额是多少？在这个经济的国民收入核算中。

你认为工人会得到多大的总收入份额？D、一个不熟练工人赚到劳动的边际产量，而一个熟练工人赚到劳动的边际产量加人力资本的边际产量。

用你对（A）和（B）的[答案]，找出熟练工人与不熟练工人的比率。

一、选择题 (每小题 1 分，共 30 分)1．The government reports that "GDP increased by 1.6 percent in the last quarter." This statement means that GDP increaseda. by 6.4 percent for the year.b. at an annual rate of 6.4 percent during the last quarter.c. at an annual rate of 1.6 percent during the last quarter.d. at an annual rate of .4 percent during the last quarter.2．A Brazilian company produces soccer balls in the United States and exports all of them. If the price of the soccer balls increases, the GDP deflatora. and the CPI both increase.b. is unchanged and the CPI increases.c. increases and the CPI is unchanged.d. and the CPI are unchanged.3．The price of CD players increases dramatically, causing a 1 percent increase in the CPI. The price increase will most likely cause the GDP deflator to increase bya. more than 1 percent.b. less than 1 percent.c. 1 percent.d. It is impossible to make an informed guess without more information.4．A nation's standard of living is measured by itsa. real GDP.b. real GDP per person.c. nominal GDP.d. nominal GDP per person.5．In 2002 President Bush imposed restrictions on imports of steel to protect the U.S.steel industry.a. This is an inward-oriented policy which most economists believe have adverseeffects on growth.b. This is an inward-oriented policy which most economists believe have beneficial effects ongrowth.c. This is an outward-oriented policy which most economists believe have adverse effects on growth.d. This is an outward-oriented policy which most economists believe have beneficial effects ongrowth.6．Generally when economists and the text talk of the "interest rate," they are talking about thea. real interest rate.b. current nominal interest rate.c. real interest rate minus the inflation rate.d. equilibrium nominal interest rate.7．An increase in the budget deficita. makes investment spending fall.b. makes investment spending rise.c. does not affect investment spending.d. may increase, decrease, or not affect investment spending.8．Norne Corporation is considering building a new plant. It will cost them $1 million today to build it and it will generate revenues of $1,121 million three years from today. Of the interest rates below, which is the highest interest rate at which Norne would still be willing to build the plant?a. 3 percentb. 3.5 percentc. 4 percentd. 4.5 percent9．Recent entrants into the labor force account for abouta. 1/2 of those who are unemployed. Spells of unemployment end about 1/5 of the time with peopleleaving the labor force.b. 1/3 of those who are unemployed. Spells of unemployment end about 1/2 of the time with peopleleaving the labor force.c. 1/4 of those who are unemployed. Spells of unemployment end about 1/2 of the time with peopleleaving the labor force.d. 1/4 of those who are unemployed. Spells of unemployment end about 1/5 of the time with peopleleaving the labor force10．Which of the following best illustrates the unit of account function of money?a. You list prices for candy sold on your Web site, , indollars.b. You pay for your WNBA tickets with dollars.c. You keep $10 in your backpack for emergencies.d. None of the above is correct.11．Current U.S. currency isa. fiat money with intrinsic value.b. fiat money with no intrinsic value.c. commodity money with intrinsic value.d. commodity money with no intrinsic value.12．Velocity in the country of Shem is always stable. In 2002, the money supply was $200 billion and the GDP price deflator was four times as high as it was in the base year. In 2003, the money supply increased to $240 billion, the price level increased by 15 percent, and nominal GDP equaled $1,200 billion. By how much did real GDP increase between 2002 and 2003?a. 20 percentb. 4.35 percentc. 2.17 percentd. There is not enough information to answer the question.13．Shoeleather costs refer toa. the cost of more frequent price changes induced by higher inflation.b. the distortion in resource allocation created by distortions in relative prices dueto inflation.c. resources used to maintain lower money holdings when inflation is high.d. the distortion in incentives created by inflation by taxes that do not adjust forinflation.14．International tradea. raises the standard of living in all trading countries.b. lowers the standard of living in all trading countries.c. leaves the standard of living unchanged.d. raises the standard of living for importing countries and lowers it for exporting countries.15．Which of the following would be U.S. foreign portfolio investment?a. Disney builds a new amusement park near Rome, Italy.b. Your economics professor buys stock in companies located in Eastern European countries.c. A Dutch hotel chain opens a new hotel in the United States.d. A citizen of Singapore buys a bond issued by a U.S. corporation.16．A Venezuelan firm purchases earth-moving equipment from a U.S. company and pays for it with domestic currency. This transactiona. increases U.S. net exports, and increases Venezuelan net capital outflow.b. increases U.S. net exports, and decreases Venezuelan net capital outflow.c. decreases U.S. net exports, and increases Venezuelan net capital outflow.d. decreases U.S. net exports, and decreases Venezuelan net capital outflow.17．At the equilibrium interest rate in the open economy macroeconomic model, the amount that people want to save equals the desired quantity ofa. net capital outflow.b. domestic investment.c. net capital outflow plus domestic investment.d. foreign currency supplied.18．In an open economy,a. net capital outflow = imports.b. net capital outflow = net exports.c. net capital outflow = exports.d. None of the above is correct.19．In the open-economy macroeconomic model, the real exchange rate is determined in the market where dollars are exchanged for foreign currency by the equality of the supply of dollars, which comes froma. U.S. national saving and the demand for dollars for U.S. net exports.b. U.S. net capital outflow and the demand for dollars for U.S. net exports.c. domestic investment and the demand for U.S. net exports.d. foreign demand for U.S. goods and U.S. demand for foreign goods.20．If a government increases its budget deficit, then interest ratesa. rise and the trade balance moves toward surplus.b. rise and the trade balance moves toward deficit.c. fall and the trade balance moves toward surplus.d. fall and the trade balance moves toward deficit.21．Investment spending decreases when the price levela. rises causing interest rates to rise.b. rises causing interest rates to fall.c. falls causing interest rates to rise.d. falls causing interest rates to fall.22．An increase in the price level and a decrease in real GDP in the short run could be created bya. an increase in the money supply.b. an increase in government expenditures.c. a fall in stock prices.d. bad weather in farm states.23．Which part of real GDP fluctuates most over the course of the business cycle?a. consumptionb. government expendituresc. investmentd. net exports24．According to liquidity preference theory, the price level and interest rate area. positively related as are the interest rate and aggregate demand.b. inversely related as are the interest rate and aggregate demand.c. positively related while the interest rate and aggregate demand are inverselyrelated.d. inversely related while the interest rate and aggregate demand are positivelyrelated.25．Which of the following shifts aggregate demand to the right?a. an increase in the price levelb. an increase in the money supplyc. a decrease in the price leveld. a decrease in the money supply26．If the Fed conducts open-market sales, the money supplya. increases and aggregate demand shifts right.b. increases and aggregate demand shifts left.c. decreases and aggregate demand shifts right.d. decreases and aggregate demand shifts left.27．Some economists argue thata. monetary policy should actively be used to stabilize the economy.b. fiscal policy should actively be used to stabilize the economy.c. fiscal policy can be used to shift the AD curve.d. All of the above are correct.28．The lag problem associated with monetary policy is due mostly toa. the fact that business firms make investment plans far in advance.b. the political system of checks and balances that slows down the process of determining monetarypolicy.c. the time it takes for changes in government spending to affect the interest rate.d. All of the above are correct.29．A. W. Phillips' findings were based on dataa. from 1861-1957 for the United Kingdom.b. from 1861-1957 for the United States.c. mostly from the post-World War II period in the United Kingdom.d. mostly from the post-World War II period in the United States.30．Which of the following is true concerning the long-run Phillips curve?a. Its position is determined primarily by monetary factors.b. If it shifts right, long-run aggregate supply shifts right.c. It cannot be changed by any government policy.d. its position depends on the natural rate of unemployment.二、判断题(每小题 1 分，共 20 分)31．The government component of GDP includes salaries paid to Army generals but not Social Security benefits to the elderly.32．An increase in the saving rate does not permanently increases the growth rate of real GDP per person.33．In ten years when you are the owner of a major U.S. corporation, if your corporation opens and operates a branch in a foreign country you will be engaging in foreign direct investment.34．Corporations receive no proceeds from the resale of their stock.35．According to the rule of 70, if you earn an interest rate of 3.5 percent, your savings will double about every 20 years.36．The value of a stock depends on the ability of the company to generate dividends and the expected price of the stock when the stockholder sells her shares.37．A minimum wage above equilibrium creates a labor surplus.38．According to the theory of efficiency wages, firms operate more efficiently if they can pay wages that are below the equilibrium level. 39．The use of money allows trade to be roundabout.40．The quantity theory of money can explain hyperinflations but not moderate inflation.41．In every economy, national saving equals domestic investment plus net capitaloutflow.42．In the open-economy macroeconomic model, net exports represent the quantity of dollars demanded in the foreign-currency exchange market.43．Although trade policies do not affect a country's overall trade balance, they do affectspecific firms and industries.44．If speculators bid up the value of the dollar in the market for foreign-currency exchange, aggregate demand would shift to the left.45．In response to a decrease in output the economy would revert to its original level of prices and output whether the decrease in output was caused by a decrease in aggregate demand or a decrease in aggregate supply.46．John Maynard Keynes advocated policies that would increase aggregate demand as a way to decrease unemployment caused by recessions.47．An increase in the money supply shifts the aggregate supply curve right. 48．Unemployment insurance and welfare programs work as automatic stabilizers. 49．In the long run, the inflation rate depends primarily on money supply growth.50．Although monetary policy cannot reduce the natural rate of unemployment, other types of policies can. 三、名词解释(每小题 2分，共 10 分)51．catch-up effect: 52．depreciation: 53．capital flight: 54．recession:55．automatic stabilizers: 四、简答题( 8题中任选6题；每小题 5分，共 30 分)56．Compare and contrast the population theories of Malthus and Kremer.57．Using a graph representing the market for loanable funds, show and explain what happens to interest rates and investment if a government goes from a deficit to a surplus.58．Which two of the Ten Principles of Economics imply that the Fed can profoundly affect the economy?59．The U.S. Treasury Department issues inflation-indexed bonds. What areinflation-indexed bonds and why are they important?60．Make a list of things that would shift the long-run aggregate supply curve to the right.61．Illustrate the classical analysis of growth and inflation with aggregate demand and long-run aggregate supply curves.62．How does a reduction in the money supply by the Fed make owning stocks less attractive?63．Why and in what way are fiscal policy lags different from monetary policy lags?五、讨论题(2题中任选1题；每小题 10 分，共 10分)64. Suppose government spends $3 billion to buy police cars. Explain why aggregate demand might increase by more than $3 billion. Explain why aggregate demand might increase by less than $3 billion.65. In 1939, with the U.S. economy not yet fully recovered from the Great Depression, President Roosevelt proclaimed that Thanksgiving would fall a week earlier than usual so that the shopping period before Christmas would be longer. Explain this decision, using the model of aggregate demand and aggregate supply.《宏观经济学》答题纸一、选择题 (每小题 1 分，共 30 分)1. 2. 3. 4. 5.6. 7. 8. 9. 10.11. 12. 13. 14. 15.16. 17. 18. 19. 20.21. 22. 23. 24. 25.26. 27. 28. 29. 30.二、判断题(正确用“T”；错误用“F”；每小题 1分，共 20 分)31. 32. 33. 34. 35.36. 37. 38. 39. 40.41. 42. 43. 44. 45.46. 47. 48. 49. 50.三、名词解释(每小题 2分，共 10 分)51．catch-up effect:52．depreciation:53．capital flight:54．recession:55．automatic stabilizers:四、简答题( 8题中任选6题；每小题 5分，共 30 分；答题时请标明题号)五、讨论题(2题中任选1题；每小题 10 分，共 10 分；答题时请标明题号)《宏观经济学》试卷A参考答案1.c2.c3.d4.b5.a6.a7.a8.b9.b 10.a 11.b 12.b 13.c 14.a 15.b 16.b 17.c 18.b 19.b 20.b 21.a 22.d 23.c 24.c 25.b 26.d 27.d 28.a 29.a 30.d31.T 32.T 33.T 34.T 35.T 36.T 37.T 38.F 39.T 40.F 41.T 42.T 43.T 44.T 45.F 46.T 47.F 48.T 49.T 50.T51.the property whereby contries that start off poor tend to grow more rapidly than countries that start off rich.52.a decrease in the value of a currency as measured by the amount of foreign currency it can buy.53.a large and sudden reduction in the demand for assets located in a country.54.a period of declining real incomes and rising unemployment.55.changes in fiscal policy that stimulate aggregate demand when the economy goes into a recession考生答题不得过此线∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶密∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶封∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶线∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶ 任课教师：教学班号：姓名：学号：∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶装∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶订∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶线∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶without policymakers having to take any deliberate action.56.The difference is that Malthus predicted that population growth would be greater than growth in the ability to increase output. He believed that people would continue to populate the earth until output reached a subsistence level. On the other hand Kremer argues that population growth increased productivity allowing people to improve their standard of living despite growing population. Kremer argues that with more population comes more innovations. The improvements in technology more than offset any adverse impact of the increase in population on the standard of living.57. As shown in the graph below, the economy starts in equilibrium at point E0 with interest rate r0 and equilibrium quantity of saving and investment at q0. If the government succeeds in obtaining a surplus, there will be more public saving in the economy at each interest rate, and the supply of loanable funds curve will shift from S0 to S1. The new equilibrium will be at E1, with a lower interest rate, r1 and a higher quantity of saving and investment, q1. Hence, if the federal government succeeds in having a surplus, interest rates will fall and investment will increase.Market for Loanable Funds58. 1. Prices rise when the government prints too much money.2. There is a short-run tradeoff between inflation and unemployment.59. Inflation-indexed bonds are bonds whose interest and principal payments are adjusted upward for inflation, guaranteeing their real purchasing power in the future.They are important because they provide a safe, inflation-proof asset for savers and they may allow the Treasury to borrow more easily at a lower current cost.60. Examples in the text (or variations) include increased immigration, a decrease in the minimum wage, more generous unemployment insurance, an increase in the capital stock, an increase in the average level of education, a discovery of new mineral deposits, technology, and removal of barriers to international trade.61.See graph.Over time technological advances cause the long-run aggregate supply curve to shift right. Increases in the money supply cause the aggregate demand curve to shift right. Output growth puts downward pressure on the price level, but money supply growth contributes to rising prices.62. The reduction in the money supply raises the interest rate. So the return on bonds increases relative to the return on stocks. The increase in the interest rate also causes spending to fall so that revenues and profits fall making shares of ownership in corporations less valuable.63.The fiscal policy lags are mostly a matter of waiting to implement the policy. By the time the president and Congress can agree to and pass legislation changing expenditures or taxes, the recession may have ended. The Federal Reserve can act to change the money supply quickly, but it may take some time before the effects of an increase in the money supply work their way through the economy.64. 当政府支出30亿美元购买警车时，直接投资增加警车生产企业的利润，这种增加又使该企业雇佣更多工人，并增加生的。

《宏观经济学》期末考试试卷附答案一、单选题（本大题共20小题，每小题2分，共40分）1.在一个有家庭、企业、政府和国外部门构成的四部门经济中，GDP是（）的总和。

A.消费、总投资、政府购买和净出口；B. 消费、净投资、政府购买和净出口；C. 消费、总投资、政府购买和总出口；D.工资、地租、利息、利润和折旧。

2.下列项目中，（）不是要素收入。

A.总统薪水；B.股息；C.企业对灾区的捐献；D.银行存款者取得的利息。

3.一个家庭当其收入为零时，消费支出为2000元；而当其收入为6000时，其消费支出为6000元。

在图形上，消费和收入之间成一条直线，则其边际消费倾向为（）。

A.2/3；B.3/4；C.4/5；D.1；4.假设消费者在T年（退休前）时预计退休后每年可得额外的退休金10 000元，根据生命周期假说，该消费者与原来相比较，将（）。

A.在退休前不改变，退休后每年增加10 000元消费；；B. 在退休前增加10 000元消费，退休后不再增加消费；C. 以T年起至生命结束每年增加消费10 000元；D. 将退休后可得到的退休金额均匀地用于增加T年以后的消费中。

5.如果灵活偏好曲线接近水平状，这意味着（）.A.利率稍有变动，货币需求就会大幅度变动；B.利率变动很大时，货币需求也不会有很大变动；C.货币需求丝毫不受利率的影响；D.以上三种情况都有可能；6.投资往往是易变的，其主要原因之一是（）.A.投资在很大程度上取决于企业家的预期；B.消费需求变化得反复无常以至于影响投资；C.政府开支代替投资，而政府开支波动剧烈；D.利率水平波动相当剧烈。

7.若消费函数为C=40+0.8Yd，净税收T=20，投资I=70-400r，净税收增加10单位使IS曲线（）.A.右移10单位；B.左移10单位；C.右移40单位；D.左移40单位.8.中央银行有多种职能，只有（）不是其职能.A.制定货币政策；B.为成员银行保存储备；C. 发行货币；D. 为政府赚钱9.利率和收入的组合点出现在IS曲线左下方、LM曲线的左上方的区域中，则表示（）.A.投资小于储蓄，且货币需求小于货币供给；B.投资小于储蓄，且货币供给小于货币需求；C.投资大于储蓄，且货币需求小于货币供给；D.投资大于储蓄，且货币需求大于货币供给.10.在下述何种情况下，会产生挤出效应（）.A.货币供给的下降提高利率，从而挤出了对利率敏感部门的私人支出；B.对私人部门税收的增加引起私人部门可支配收入和支出的下降；C. 政府支出增加使利率提高，从而挤出了私人部门的支出；D.政府支出的下降导致消费支出的下降。