英美报刊选读复习资料

新闻英语的五大特点1. brevity 简洁2. popularity 大众性3. interest 趣味性4. freshness 新颖性5. objectiveness客观性Unit 1 Politics第一单元政治TextThe higher Education of Washington华盛顿高等教育Universities step up lobbying to protect funding interests大学为保护资金利益而大肆游说By Dan MorganWhen the University of California at Los Angeles put Rep. Jerry Lewis (R-Calif.) on the cover of this winter’s alumni bulletin, it was a tribute to a distinguished graduate who is so close to his alma mater that he named his dog Bruin, after UCLA’s r evered symbol.Words: lobbying游说拉票；step up增加，促进，加速；University of California at Los Angeles美国加州大学洛杉矶分校Rep.＝Representative众议员；alumni毕业生男校友；bulletin期刊，公告, 公报；tribute贡品, 礼物, 颂词, 殷勤；alma mater母校；Bruin吉祥物熊〔布轮熊〕；revere尊敬，敬畏参考译文：美国加州大学洛杉矶分校在今年冬季毕业生期刊封面刊登美国国会议员杰尔. X易斯〔加州某某党人〕，对与其母校的关系密切得能用美国加州大学洛杉矶分校吉祥物将其宠狗取名为布轮熊的杰出毕业生大肆颂扬。

But the cover story, which was engineered in part by the University of California’s government relation office in Washington, was also a shrewd ploy to cement relations with a key member of the House Appropriations mittee.Words：in part局部地，在某种程度上；shrewd ploy机敏的，精明的，奸诈的计谋，手段；cement水泥，粘结；House Appropriations mittee〔HAC〕美国国会众院拨款委员会参考译文：但是在某种程度上由加州大学华盛顿政府关系办公室策划的这一封面故事也是密切与美国国会众院拨款委员会某一关键委员的精明手段。

英美文学选读复习资料英美文学选读复习资料一、英国文学1、文艺复兴时期：莎士比亚的戏剧《哈姆雷特》、《李尔王》、《麦克白》等，以及弥尔顿的《失乐园》。

2、17世纪：约翰·多恩的玄学派诗歌，以及约翰·班扬的《天路历程》。

3、18世纪：启蒙时期，亨利·菲尔丁和理查逊的小说，以及亚历山大·蒲柏的讽刺诗歌。

4、19世纪：浪漫主义时期，包括拜伦、雪莱、济慈等人的诗歌，以及简·奥斯汀、爱米莉·勃朗特等的小说。

5、维多利亚时期：查尔斯·狄更斯、乔治·艾略特、托马斯·哈代等作家的小说，以及马修·阿诺德、约翰·罗斯金等人的诗歌。

二、美国文学1、浪漫主义时期：包括华盛顿·欧文的《睡谷传说》、爱伦·坡的短篇小说、以及纳撒尼尔·霍桑的《红字》。

2、现实主义时期：包括马克·吐温的《汤姆·索亚历险记》、亨利·詹姆斯的小说、以及艾米莉·狄金森的诗歌。

3、20世纪：包括F.斯科特·菲茨杰拉德的《了不起的盖茨比》、欧内斯特·海明威的《老人与海》、杰克·凯鲁亚克的《在路上》等文学作品。

三、文学术语和概念1、象征主义：通过象征性的符号或形象来表达某种思想或情感。

2、叙事视角：从特定的角度来描述故事，常见的有第一人称、第二人称、第三人称等。

3、意象主义：通过形象和比喻来表达情感和思想。

4、文艺复兴：欧洲历史上的一次文化运动，强调人文主义和古希腊罗马文化。

5、玄学派：17世纪英国的一种文学流派，强调诗歌中的哲学思考和神秘主义。

6、悲剧：一种戏剧类型，通常表现英雄人物的悲惨命运。

7、喜剧：一种戏剧类型，通常表现幽默、讽刺等轻松愉快的主题。

8、自然主义：一种文学流派，强调对自然和社会现实的客观描写。

9、超验主义：一种哲学思想，强调个人经验和直觉，反对传统权威。

英美文学选读复习资料英美文学选读复习资料英美文学是指英国和美国的文学作品，包括小说、诗歌、戏剧等。

这些作品代表了英美文化的精髓，对于理解这两个国家的历史、社会和文化有着重要的意义。

在学习英美文学时，我们需要掌握一些重要的作品和作家，以及他们的主要思想和风格。

首先，我们来看看英美文学的起源。

英国文学可以追溯到中世纪，最早的英国文学作品是史诗《贝奥武夫》。

这部作品讲述了一个英雄的故事，强调了勇气、荣誉和忠诚的重要性。

这种史诗的传统在英国文学中一直延续到今天，影响了许多作家，如莎士比亚和狄更斯。

莎士比亚是英国文学的巅峰之作。

他的戏剧作品包括悲剧、喜剧和历史剧，涵盖了各种主题和情感。

莎士比亚的作品具有深刻的人物描写和复杂的情节，他的语言也非常美丽和富有表现力。

莎士比亚的作品对于理解人性和社会问题有着重要的启示，被广泛地研究和演出。

在美国文学方面，最早的作品可以追溯到殖民地时期。

这些作品主要是宗教文学，反映了殖民地居民的信仰和价值观。

其中最著名的作品是《普利茅斯植民者的历史》，它记录了普利茅斯植民者在美洲建立殖民地的经历。

这些作品对于理解美国的宗教和政治历史有着重要的意义。

美国文学的巅峰时期是19世纪，这个时期出现了许多重要的作家和作品。

其中最著名的是马克·吐温的《哈克贝利·费恩历险记》。

这部小说以一个少年的视角描写了美国南方的奴隶制度和种族歧视，对于美国社会的问题提出了尖锐的批评。

这部小说被认为是美国文学的经典之作，对于后来的作家产生了重要的影响。

除了莎士比亚和吐温，还有许多其他重要的英美作家和作品。

例如，英国的狄更斯和奥斯汀，美国的海明威和福克纳。

这些作家的作品涉及了各种不同的主题和风格，从社会问题到个人成长，从浪漫主义到现实主义。

他们的作品代表了英美文学的多样性和丰富性。

在学习英美文学时，我们不仅需要了解这些作家和作品，还需要理解它们的背景和文化内涵。

英美文学反映了英国和美国的历史、社会和价值观，它们是这两个国家文化遗产的重要组成部分。

英美报刊选读复习题一.Reading ComprehensionPassage 1It was not "the comet of the century" experts predicted it might be. Nevertheless, Kohoutek has provided a bonanza of scientific information. It was first spotted 370 million miles from the earth, by an astronomer who was searching sky for asteroids, and after whom the comet was named. Scientists who traced Kohoutek ten month before it passed the earth predicted the comet would be a brilliant spectacle ・ But Kohoutek fell short of this prediction, disappointing millions of amateur sky watchers, when it proved too pale to be seen with the unaided eye. Researchers were delighted nonetheless with the new information they were able to glean from their investigation of the comet. Perhaps the most significant discovery was the identification of two important chemical compounds-methyl cyanide and hydrogen cyanide-never seen in comets before, but found in the far reaches of interstellar space ・ This discovery revealed new clues about the origin of comets. Most astronomers agree that comets are primordial remnant from the formation of the solar system, but whether they were born between Jupiter and Neptune or much farther out toward interstellar space has been the subject of much debate. If compounds no more complex than ammonia and methane key components of Jupiter, were see in comets, it would suggest that comets form within the planetary orbits. But more complex compounds, such as the methyl cyanide found in Kotoutek, point to formation far beyond the planets; there the deep freeze at space has kept them unchanged.1. What is the subject of the passage?( ) a. What was learned from Kohoutek ・ c. Where Kohoutek was spotted.2. Why was Kohoutek referred to as the comet of the century?(a. It was thought to be extremely old.c. Scientists predicted is would be very bright.3. In what respect was Kohoutek a disappointment?(a. It could be seen only through special equipment.c. When was the solar system fonned?d. How was the solar system formed?Passag2The majority of successful senior managers do not closely follow the classical rational model of first clarifying goals, assessing the problem, formulating options, estimating likelihood of success, making a decision, and only then taking action to implement the decision. Rather, in their day-to-day tactical maneuvers, these senior executives rely on what is vaguely termed "intuition^ to manage a network of interrelated problems that require them to deal with ambiguity, inconsistency, novelty and surprise, and to integrate action into the process of thinking.Generations of writers on management have recognized that some practicing managers rely heavily on intuition. In general, however, such writers display a poor grasp of what intuition is. Some see it as the opposite of rationality. Other view it as an excuse for capriciousness.Isenberg^ recent research on the cognitive process of senior managers reveals that managers intuition is neither of these ・ Rather, senior managers use intuition in at least five distinct ways. First, they intuitively sense when a problem exists. Second, managers rely on intuition to perform well-learned behavior patterns rapidly. This intuition is not arbitrary or irrational but is based on years of painstaking practice and hands-on experience that build skills. A third function of intuition is to synthesize isolated bits of data and practice into an integrated picture, often in an H Aha H experience. Fourth, some managers use intuition as a check on the results of more rational analysis. Most senior executives are familiar with the formal decision analysis models and tools, and those who use such systematic methods for reaching decisions are occasionally leery of solutions suggested by these method which run counter their sense of the correct course of action. Finally, managers can use intuition to bypass in-depth analysis and move rapidly to engender a plausible solution. Used in this way, intuition is an almost instantaneous cognitive process in which a manager recognizes familiar patterns.b ・ What was disappointing about Kohoutek ・ d. How Kohoutek was tracked ・ ) b ・ It passes the earth once a century. d ・ Scientists have been tracking it for a c. It did not provide valuable scientific information.d ・ It was moving too rapidly for scientists to photograph・ 4. Before the investigation on Kotoutek, where had methyl cyanide been known to exist?( )a. In comets.b. On asteroids.c. Between Jupiter and Neptune ・ 5. According to the passage, what is one major component of Jupiter?( )a. Hydrogen cyanide ・ b ・ Methyl cyanide ・ c. Hydrogen. 6. What aspect of Kohoutek did scientists find most interesting?( ) d. Beyond the solar system. d. Ammonia. d. Its size. 7. Which of the following question is best answered by information gained from Kohoutek?( )a. Where were comets formed?b. When were comets formed?b ・ It did not approach the earth.One of the implications of the intuitive style of executive management is that "thinking^ is inseparable from acting. Since managers often “know" what is right before they can analyze and explain it, they frequently act first and explain later. An a nalysis is inextricably tied to action in thinking action cycles, in which managers develop thoughts about their companies and organizations not by analyzing a problematic situation and then acting, but by acting and analyzing in close concert.Given great uncertainty of many of the management issues that they face, senior managers often instigate a course of action simply to learn more about an issue. They then use the results of the action to develop a more complete understanding of the issuer One implication of thinking acting cycle is that action is often part of defining the problem, not just implementing the solution.1 • According to the passage, senior manager use intuition in all of the following ways except to ______ .A.speed up the creation of a solution to a problem B・ identify a problemC. bring together disparate facts D・ stipulate clear goal2.The passage suggests which of the following about the "writers on management^ mentioned in line 11? ________A.They have criticized managers for not following the classical rational model of decision analysis.B.They have not based their analyses on a sufficiently large sample of actual managers.C.They have relied in drawing their conclusions on what managers say rather than on what managers do.D.They have misunderstood how managers use intuition in making business decisions.3.Which of the following best exemplifies "an 'Aha' experience^? ______A.A manager risks raking an action whose outcome is unpredictable to discover whether the action changes the problems at hand.B・ A manager performs well-learned and familiar Behavior patterns in creative and uncharacteristic ways to solve a problem ・ C. A manager suddenly connects seemingly unrelated facts and experiences to create a pattern relevant to the problem at hand.D・ A manager rapidly identifies the methodology used to compile data yielded by systematic analysis4.According to the passage the classical model of decision analysis includes all the following except __________ ・A.evaluation of problemB. creation of clear goals to be reached by the decisionC.establishment of clear goals to be reached by the decisionD.action undertaken in order to discover more information about a problem5・ It can be inferred from the passage that which the following would most probably be one major difference in behavior between Manager X, who uses intuition to reach decisions, and Manager Y, who uses only formal decision analysis? _____________A Manager X analyzes first and then acts; Manager Y does notB.Manager X checks possible solution to a problem by systhematic analysis; Manager does not.C.Manager X takes actionin orde to arrive at the solution to a problem; Manager Y does not.D.Manager Y draws on years of hands-on experience in creating a solution to a problem; Manager X does not.6・ It can be inferred from the passage that thinking/acting cycles (line 5, last paragraph) in managerial practice would be likely to result in which of the following __________I• A manager analyzes a network of problem and then acts on the basis of that analysis.II• A manager gathers data by acting and observing the effects of actionIII. A manager takes action without being able to articulate reasons for that particular action.A. I only.B. Il only.C. I and II.D. II and III.7. The passage provides support for which of the following statements? ________A. Managers who rely on intuition are more successful than those who rely on formal decision analysis.B・ Managers cannot justify their intuitive decisions.C.Managers1 intuition works contrary to their rational and analytical skillsD.Intuition rabies managers to employ their practical experience more efficiently・& Which of the following best describes the organization of the first paragraph of the passage? _______A. An assertion is made and a specific supporting example is givenB・ A conventional model is dismissed and an alternative introduced・C. The results of recent research are introduced and evaluated.D・ Two opposing points of view are presented and evaluated・Passag3Every human being, no matter what he is doing, gives off body heat. The usual problem is how to get rid of it. But the designers of the Johnstown campus of the University of Pittsburgh set themselves the opposite problem - how to collect body heat. They have designed a collection system which uses not only body heat, but the heat given off by such objects as light bulbs 电灯and refrigerators 冰箱as well. The system works so well that no fuel is needed to make the campus's six buildings comfortable.Some parts of most modern buildings - theaters and offices as well as classrooms - are more than sufficiently heated by people and lights and sometimes must be air-conditioned even in winter . The technique of saving heat and redistributing it is called “heat recovery^. A few modern buildings recover heat, but the University's system is the first to recover heat from buildings and reuse it in others.Along the way, Pitt has learned a great deal about some of its producers. The harder a student studies, the more heat his body gives off. Male students send out more heat than female students, and the larger a student is, the more heat he produces - It is tempting to conclude that the hottest prospect for the Johnstown campus would be a hard-working overweight male genius.1.What is characteristic of the buildings on Johnstown campus of the University of Pittsburgh? _______A. They are more comfortable to live in than other buildings.B. They collect body heat to regulate the temperature in side ・C. They use light bulbs to heat the classrooms.D. They consume less fuel to keep the classrooms cool.2.According to the passage, the technique of heat recovery is used _______ ・A. to provide a special form of air-conditioning B・ to provide heat for the hot water systemC. to find out the source of heat D・ to collect heat and reuse it3・The phrase “the hottest prospect^ in this passage refers to______ .A. the person who suffers most from heat B・ the person who needs more heat than othersC. the person who gives off most heat D・ the person who make better use of body heat4.Which of the following statements is NOT true according the passage? _______A. The harder a student works, the more heat he or she produces.B・ The bigger a student is, the more heat he or she sends out.C・ A girl student sends out more heat than a boy student.D・ A large and hard-working boy student gives off the most heat.5.Which of the following may be the best title for this passage? _______A.Recovery of Body Heat C. Modern Building's Heat SystemB.Body Heat and Sex D. Ways of Heating Buildings二Translate the following sentences:1 .Crackdown on loan repayment penaltiesPeople who repay loans early will get a fairer deal under changes outlined today.2.Hong Kong was hit hard by Sars and had a difficult year but is "bouncing back\ Prime Minister Tony Blair has said during his visit to the region.3.Extra places confirm faith in foundation degreesThere will be an extra 10,000 places on foundation degree courses next year, giving more people a chance to study for a vocationally-focused higher education qualification・三、Read the following short passages and choose the best answe匚Passage 1GENEVA・A 38-year-old Spanish man briefly hijacked 扌仓劫a French airliner on Majorca Sunday and threatened to blow it up to protest 抗议France's plans to resume nuclear testing, then surrendered in 投降放弃Geneva without a struggle after releasing 298 passengers and crew・ An official at Geneva's Cointrin Airport described the man as unbalanced・( )A .A Spanish man hijacked a French airline to protest France's nuclear testing・B.A Spanish man who had threatened to blow up a French airline surrendered in Geneva・C.A Spanish man who had hijacked a French airline suirendered in Geneva.Passage 2TOKYO-When Compaq Computers 康帕电脑and Dell Computer invaded 进入the Japanese market three years age with personal computers selling for half the price of the local varieties 当地品种，rival 竞争对手Japanese companies braced for trouble 准备应河•动舌L・ But instead of killing the Japanese personal computer industry, the American onslaught 猛攻liberated 放纵it・Proceed by what is known as the “Compaq Shock 康巾白冲击J Japanese manufacturers have become fiercer competitors, cutting their prices drastically. The result has been a boom in sales that is benefiting the Japanese manufacturers as much as the Americans.( )A.American and Japanese computer companies compete to win the Japanese market・B."Compaq Shock J has benefited Japanese market.C- Fierce competition between American and Japanese computer companies has helped the computer sales boom in Japan.Passage 3PARIS-A bomb 炸弹exploded at a crowded street market in Paris near the Place de la Bastille Sunday morning, leaving fourpeople slightly hurt・ The police said that the bomb, packed into a pressure cooker and hidden in a bag under a vegetable stand, did not cause greater damage because of a malfunction•功自总失常But the incident clearly left a deep impact onGovernment officials who are facing what they believe to be a campaign of terrorism directed by Islamic militants from Algeria. Police did not immediately link the bomb to three devices planted in recent weeks, which killed seven and wounded scores of others in Paris.( )A ・ A bomb blast at a Paris market hurt four people.B.four people were injured in a crowded street market in Paris..C.Terrorists planted in bomb in Paris that wounded四.cloze:A contract is an agreement between two or more people (1) ________ o ne person agrees to do something by a specified date in return for something done by (2) _______ • Usually the contract is a written document signed and dated by both (3)________ . It must state clearly the consideration, that is, what is to be given or done by one person in (4) __________ f or what is given or done by the other. If one person does (5) ________ was promised and the other does not, that other may be sued in court and required by court order to make good・ He or she (6) ______ also to be required to pay for damages suffered as a result of the failure to perform. The things (7) ________ by both parties must be stated in definite terms (8) __________ the court will hold that the contract is (9) ________ v ague and general to be enforced・(10) ______ ，the time period within which the work is to be done must be definite or the court will say that the document is not a contract.( )1. A. in which B. which C. that D. on that( )2. A. another B. other C. lhe other D. others( )3. A. parts B. people C・ parties D. aspects( )4. A. replace B・ change C. pay me nt D. exchange( )5. A. that B. what C. the thing D. something( )6. A. need B. has C.ought D. may( )7. A. to be done B. to do C.done D. being done( )& A. and B. or C. else D. so( )9. A. so B. too C・ rather D・ over( )10. A. Similar B. The same C. Similarly D. Too英美报刊选读复习题答案Reading ComprehensionPassage 1: l.A 2.C 3.A 4.D 5.D 6.B 7.APassage 2：l.D 2.D 3.C 4.D 5.C 6.D 7.D &BPassage 3: l.B 2.D 3.C 4.C 5.A二Translate the following sentences:1.严罚贷款不偿还行为今天已提出纲要对提前偿还贷款者将获相当的报酬2.Tony Blair在访问这一地区时说：香港因SARS遭受巨大打击，度过重重困难岁月，但目前经济已经回升。

一，who we are now1.But the president was openly ambivalent, too.2.Because who we are now-a country in which traditional barriers of race, age and gender are crumbling-flows in many ways from what LBJ did then.3.Why exhume the long-dead Johnson on the occasion of one of the most engaging inaugural since George Washington took the oath at Federal Hall…4.His conflicting language underscores the nation’s occasionally wary view of the changes wrought by immigration.5.There is something quintessentially American about a lumbering white man from Texas…6.In the understandable thrill of the inaugural season, all eyes are turned to this single man, all ears attuned to his voice.7.Whatever your politics, the election of the 44th president represents a kind of redemption from the long and tragic history of blacks…8.If you count a generation as roughly 21 years, he was off the mark, since the rapidly inspired backlash shaped politics for more than 40 years9.In 1909,…proposed a literary test to restrict the influx of the “Italians, Russians,Poles,Hungarians”…10.Then,in1952,Congress passed the…Act,which essentially made naturalization colorblind.(平等的对待不同肤色的人)11.The tension between assimilation and separation is eternal, but there is no doubt that this flood of immigration and the breaking down of barriers between previously estranged (疏远的，隔离的)groups within the country has created a much more fluid culture than…12.The key cohort is the 75 million-strong generation known as the millennials(1980-2000)13.perennial:lasting for a long time or forever14.The disparity between older and younger voters was greater in 2008 than at any other time…15.The younger cohort is more diverse than the general population, more female, more secular, less socially conservative and more willing to describe themselves as liberals.16.In the wake of a possible terrorist attack, fear could easily lead to tension, resent and discord.17.witch hunts: an attempt to find and punish people with different opinions18.allude to: mention sth. in an indirect way19.momentous:very important20.mythic:very famousndslide竞选中压倒多数性的选票二，The lost generation1.The most enduring harm is being done to young people who cannot grab onto the first rung of the career ladder.2.Affected are a range of young people,from high school dropouts,to college grades,to newly minted lawyers and…3.Studies suggest that an extended period of young joblessness can significantly depress lifetime income as people get sunk (unable to move)in jobs that are beneath their capabilities, or come to be seen by employers as damaged goods.研究表明，青年人长期失业会大大压低其一生的薪金水平，因为这些人难以摆脱无法发挥自己能力的工作，被雇主视为有缺陷的员工。

英美文学期末复习资料1 (20%)题型为选择题。

参考邮箱课件后选择题。

英美文学选读期末复习资料2 (30%)题型为填空和名词解释Literature refers to writings that are valued as works of art, esp. fiction, drama and poetry.Beowulf, a typical example of Old English poetry with over 3,000 lines, is regarded today as the national epic of the english people.Romance which uses narrative verse or prose to sing knightly adventures or other heroic deeds is a popular literary form in the medieval period. Popular subjects for romances: King Arthur of Britain and the knights of the Round Table.A sonnet is a lyric invariably of fourteen lines, usually in iambic pentameter , restricted to a definite rhyme scheme .The 14th century is called “Age of Chaucer”. His masterpiece is The Canterbury Tales.An extended metaphor is often called a conceit.Soliloquy is a speech in a play which the character speaks to himself or herself or to the people watching rather than to the other characters.Romeo and Juliet is a tragedy about two young “star-cross‘d lovers”whose deaths ultimately unite their feuding families.Francis Bacon introduced the essay as a literary form into the English language.John Donne is the leading figure of the“metaphysical school.”All good poetry is the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings.In 1797 Wordsworth met Samuel Taylor Coleridge, and the two poets became very good friends. They collaborated on a book of poems entitled Lyrical Ballads, first published in 1798The poet Robert Southey as well as Coleridge lived nearby, and the three men became known as the “Lake Poets.”Jane Austen is the only important female author in the 18-19th century英美文学选读期末复习资料3 (30%)指出作者，作品名及选文大意To be，or not to be：that is the question：“To be” is to continue to live, or to take action. “not to be” is to die, or to do nothing but suffering, to end one’s life by self- destruction. It is a dilemma of trying to determine the meaning of life and deathIt is a truth universally acknowledged, that a single man in possession of a good fortune, must be in want of a wife.it briskly introduces the arrival of Mr. Bingley at Netherfield—the event that sets the novel in motion—this sentence also offers a miniature sketch of the entire plot, which concerns itself with the pursuit of “single men in possession of a good fortune”by various female characters. The preoccupation with socially advantageous marriage in nineteenth-century English society manifests itself here, for in claiming that a single man “must be in want of a wife,”the narrator reveals that the reverse is also true: a single woman, whose socially prescribed options are quite limited, is in (perhaps desperate) want of a husband.Studies serve for delight, for ornament, and for ability.Their chief use for delight, is in privateness and retiring ; for ornament , is in discourse; and for ability, is in the judgment and disposition of business.英美文学选读期末复习资料4 (10%)分析以下诗歌，见邮箱！Sonnet18Death Be Not PrideThe Sick RoseI Wandered Lonely as a Cloud英美文学选读期末复习资料5 (10%)分析以下小说Jane EyreAnalysis of the workThe work is one of the most popular and important novels of the Victorian age. It is noted for its sharp criticism of the existing society, e. g. the religious hypocrisy of charity institutions such as Lowood School where poor girls are trained, through constant starvation and humiliation, to be humble slaves, the social discrimination Jane experiences first as a dependent at her aunt's house and later as a governess at Thornfield, and the false social convention as concerning love and marriageAt the same time, it is an intense moral fable. Jane, like Mr. Rochester, has to undergo aseries of physical and moral tests to grow up and achieve her final happiness.The success of the novel is also due to its introduction to the English novel the first governess heroine.Analysis of the HeroineJane Eyre, an orphan child with a fiery spirit and a longing to love and be loved, a poor, plain, little governess who dares to love her master, a man superior to her in many ways, and even is brave enough to declare to the man her love for him, cuts a completely new woman image. She represents those middle-class working women who are struggling for recognition of their basic rights and equality as a human being. The vivid description of her intense feelings and her thought and inner conflicts brings her to the heart of the audience.Robinson CrusoeCharacterizationRobinson is a real hero: a typical eighteenth-century English middle-class man, with a great capacity for work, inexhaustible energy, courage, patience and persistence in overcoming obstacles, in struggling against the hostile natural environment. He is the very prototype of the empire builder, the pioneer colonist .Artistic FeaturesDefoe was a very good story-teller. Defoe had a gift for organizing minute details in such a vivid way that his stories could be both credible，and fascinating. His sentences are sometimes short, crisp and plain, and sometimes long and rambling, which leave on the reader an impression of casual narration. His language is smooth, easy, colloquial and mostly vernacular. There is nothing artificial in his language: it is common English at its best.注：以上只是仅供参考的复习资料，更全面的资料请自行下载本学期课件，邮箱ygwxxd@密码12345。

专升本美英报刊复习资料专升本美英报刊复习资料随着社会的发展和人们对知识的追求，越来越多的人选择通过专升本考试来提升自己的学历。

而在备考过程中，阅读英语报刊是一种非常有效的学习方法。

本文将为大家提供一些关于美英报刊的复习资料，希望能够帮助大家更好地备考。

一、《纽约时报》（The New York Times）《纽约时报》是美国最有影响力的报纸之一，以其深度报道和专业分析而闻名。

阅读《纽约时报》可以帮助我们了解美国和世界各地的时事新闻、政治、经济、文化等方面的信息。

此外，该报还有一些专栏，如《科技》、《艺术》等，可以帮助我们了解最新的科技发展和艺术趋势。

二、《金融时报》（The Financial Times）《金融时报》是一份国际金融报纸，主要关注全球经济和商业领域的新闻报道。

阅读《金融时报》可以帮助我们了解全球经济形势、金融市场动态以及商业趋势。

此外，该报还有一些专栏，如《商业评论》、《市场分析》等，可以帮助我们深入了解商业和金融领域的知识。

三、《卫报》（The Guardian）《卫报》是英国一份知名的报纸，以其独立、自由的立场而著称。

阅读《卫报》可以帮助我们了解英国和世界各地的新闻、时事、政治、文化等方面的信息。

此外，该报还有一些专栏，如《环境》、《教育》等，可以帮助我们了解最新的环境问题和教育动态。

四、《经济学人》（The Economist）《经济学人》是一份国际知名的新闻周刊，主要关注全球政治、经济和商业领域的报道。

阅读《经济学人》可以帮助我们了解全球政治经济形势、商业趋势以及各国之间的关系。

该周刊还有一些专栏，如《科技与创新》、《金融与商业》等，可以帮助我们深入了解相关领域的知识。

五、《国家地理》（National Geographic）《国家地理》是一份著名的科普杂志，主要关注自然科学、地理和环境保护等方面的内容。

阅读《国家地理》可以帮助我们了解地球上各个地方的自然景观、动植物物种、环境问题等。

Note: This exam should be completed in ENGLISH.Part I: Explain the following phrases. (20 points, 2 for each)Oprah Winfrey:a black American women who is famous as the host of a television talk showAmerican Dream: it is originated in the Declaration of Independence which refers that all American's life should be better and rich despite of race and birth circumstance and American people are promised with prosperous and success.Filibuster：try to delay action in congress by making very long speech.Host Culture: it's the culture in the country which a foreigner lives in.Stolen Nation: it refers to the Chagos islands, which is in central Indian Ocean. It was possessed by Britain by means of lie. The nation was stolen and the local people were forced into exile. Sooner: a person settling on land in the early West before its official opening to settlement in order to gain the prior claim allowed by law to the first settler after official opening.Exit Polls: a process of asking people how they have voted in an election in order to discover the likely result of the election.Op-Ed Article: is a newspaper article that expresses the opinions of a named writer who is usually unaffiliated with the newspaper's editorial board. These are different from editorials, which are usually unsigned and written by editorial board members.Abramoff Effect:a is an American former lobbyist who was incarcerated for trades of expensive and meals and sports trips in exchange for political favors. A e refers to the reveal of the high-profile political scandals and governors involved after his arrest.Watergate: apartment and office complex in Washington, D.C.; the scandal following break-in at the Democratic National Committee headquarters there in 1972.Part II: Give answers to the following questions. (30 points, 10 for each)1. Explain features of English newspaper headlines.First, it always uses abbreviations and acronyms, eg.：EU=European Union .Second, short words are applied instead of long words. Eg：bar -barricadeThird, present tense is used rather than past tense.Forth, it always involves omission of prep., conjunction, auxiliary verb and pronoun.Last, rhetorical is sometimes adopted.2. List at least eight types of compound adjective. (two examples for each type)1. n + adj. oil-rich, week-long;2. n + n snail-pace, south-south cooperation;3. adj. + n open-door policy, long-term;4. n + ving labor-saving, source-reducing;5. adv. + ed hard-earned money, hard-fought campaign;6. 数字+n one-night stay, two-year long;7. n + to + n head-to-toe, belly-to-back;8. n + and + n hit-and-run driver, simply-and-suddenly told.3. List at least ten types of journalistic leads and explain their functions respectively.1. summary lead2. main fact lead3. descriptive lead4. direct address lead5. quotation lead6. suspense lead7. contrast lead8. question lead9. delayed lead10. label leadPart III: Re-organize the order of the following paragraphs according to the logical sequence of the story structure. Attention: all you need to do is to write in the box below the numbers for the corresponding paragraph. (20 points, 2 for each)Program endorsed to develop shanghai(1) "But more important, it should rely on the support and efforts of the people of Shanghai."(2) "Developing Pudong is an event of important strategic significance both to Shanghai and the whole country. The central government will provide necessary support and the whole country should give active support," Wen said.(3) "I hope the comrades in Shanghai will do a better job in developing Pudong and gaining new momentum for Shanghai," Wen said.(4) "This is another important plan for us to deepen the country's reform and expand its opening to the outside world, "said Wen at a celebration for the fifth anniversary of the Shanghai Volkswagen Automotive Co. Ltd. yesterday morning.(5) He said that the achievements of the two projects are the outcome of reform and open policy.(6) In Shanghai, Wen also attended the celebrations for the start of production of the 300,000-ton ethylene project in the Shanghai Petro-chemical Complex and the start of cold-rolling mill in Baoshan Iron and Steel Complex.(7) Wen said that the Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party and the State Council have agreed to "speed up the development of the Pudong area".(8) Wen welcomed overseas entrepreneurs and compatriots from Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan to invest in developing Pudong. "We will provide favorable conditions for cooperation as well as an increasingly improving investment environment." Wen said.(9) SHANGHAI - An ambitious program to expand and develop China's largest industrial city into the country's top open economic zone has been endorsed by the State's leadership.(10) Shanghai has a broad industrial foundation and strong science and technological and economic management personnel. The city also has widespread overseas links. The transportation network here is linked to all parts of the country, the Premier said.(11) Situated between the East China Sea and the Yangtze and Huangpu rivers, the Pudong area-because of its waterlocked position-has been the only underpopulated and least built-up area of Shanghai.(12) The project is the last of the four such installations China imported from Japan in 1978 and moved to Shanghai in 1983.(13) The Shanghai Volkswagen has built up an annual production capacity of 30,000 cars and 100,000 engines. About 58,000Santana cars have been produced so far.(14) The successful run of the Shanghai 300,000-ton ethylene project has increased China's ethylene output to some 2 million tons each year, ranking the eighth in the world.(15) This was confirmed by Premier Wen Jiabao, who said yesterday that policies for economic and technological development zones and some policies for special economic zones will be carried out in Shanghai's Pudong area, on the east side of Huangpu River.(16) This will help to ease the raw material shortage in China and boost the development of textile, chemical and building material industries.(17) With these comprehensive advantages and the policies given by the central government, Shanghai could develop Pudong into a modern and export-oriented industrial base, Wen said.9157114213101712136514168Part Ⅳ.Put into English the following sentences or paragraphs from the Chinese press. Attention: Insert or add in your version necessary background information for the boldfaced parts. Be sure that your version is not merely a translation.（15 points）①这些早年的海归校友10年后又重聚哈佛商学院，回忆起当年宿舍"卧谈"的往事，不禁感慨万千。

同济大学英美报刊选读期末考试必备资料（由河清海晏整理）Part One1.What is news? What are some categories of news?2.What is news value? What are some basic elements of news value?3.What are the functions of the newspaper?4.What are the features of a front page in a newspaper?5.What are the main features of headlines in Lexis, Grammar and Rhetoric?6.How do news magazines differ from newspapers in layout and news coverage?7.What is news lead? What are direct lead and delayed lead?8.What is the body structure of a news story? What are advantages of it?9.What are the difference between tabloids and broadsheets? (at least four aspects)10.What are the main functions of mass communication for society?11.How to deal with new words in reading newspapers and magazines?12.What is communication? What are the forms of communication?13.What is the code of ethics for journalists?14.What is journalism? What does the study of journalism include?15.What is the definition of news agency? What are the major news agencies in America and Britain?16.What are the benefits obtained via appreciating the language of English news?17.What is privacy? What actions can be regarded as invasion of privacy?18.Give a brief account of the general communication process19.What is Yellow Journalism？20.What is hard news? What is soft news? How to distinguish between them?ANSWERS AND PERFECT VERSION:PLEASE CONTACT : NINE SIX ONE TWO THREE TWO EIGHT FOUR ONE(qqnumber)Part TwoAPEC Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation 亚太经济合作组织API Air Pollution Index 空气污染指数ATM Automatic Teller Machine 自动取款(出纳)机BBS Bulletin Board System 电子布告栏系统CFO Chief Financial Officer 首席财务官CIA Central Intelligence Agency (美国)中央情报局CPI Consumer Price Index 消费价格指数DJIA Dow Jones Industrial Average (美国) 道琼斯工业平均指数FIFA International Federation of Football Association 国际足球联盟IMF International Monetary Fund 国际货币基金组织IPR intellectual property right 知识产权ISO International Standards Organization 国际标准化组织NGO Non-Government Organization 非政府组织NMD National Missile Defense 国家导弹防御系统NPC National People's Congress 全国人民代表大会NYSE New York Stock Exchange 纽约证券交易所OPEC Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries石油输出国组织PPI Producer Price Index 生产者物价指数SOE State-Owned Enterprise 国有企业UPI United Press International 美国合众国际社。

英美报刊选读（辅修）范数摘要：一、英美报刊选读的重要性1.提高英语阅读能力2.了解英美国家社会、文化、政治等方面的信息3.拓宽国际视野二、英美报刊选读课程内容1.课程概述2.课程目标和教学方法3.课程涉及的英美报刊及其特点三、英美报刊选读的学习方法1.泛读与精读相结合2.注重阅读理解3.积累词汇和表达四、英美报刊选读对我国英语教育的启示1.培养学生的跨文化交际能力2.提高学生的批判性思维3.鼓励学生自主学习正文：英美报刊选读（辅修）范数随着全球化的发展和国际交流的日益频繁，英语已经成为国际间最重要的交流工具。

在此背景下，英美报刊选读课程应运而生，它旨在帮助学生通过阅读英美报刊，提高英语阅读能力，拓宽国际视野，并了解英美国家的社会、文化、政治等方面的信息。

一、英美报刊选读的重要性首先，英美报刊选读有助于提高英语阅读能力。

阅读是学习英语的重要途径，通过阅读英美报刊，学生可以在实际语境中学习英语，从而提高阅读速度和理解能力。

其次，英美报刊选读有助于了解英美国家社会、文化、政治等方面的信息。

报刊是了解一个国家的重要窗口，通过阅读英美报刊，学生可以及时了解英美国家的最新动态，增加国际知识。

最后，英美报刊选读有助于拓宽国际视野。

在全球化时代，具备国际视野和跨文化交际能力是非常重要的。

通过阅读英美报刊，学生可以更好地理解不同文化背景下的观点和观念，从而提高跨文化交际能力。

二、英美报刊选读课程内容英美报刊选读课程主要涵盖课程概述、课程目标和教学方法、课程涉及的英美报刊及其特点等内容。

课程概述部分主要介绍课程的性质、目的和内容；课程目标和教学方法部分主要阐述课程期望达到的目标以及采用的教学手段；课程涉及的英美报刊及其特点部分主要介绍课程中会涉及到的英美报刊，以及它们的特点和价值。

三、英美报刊选读的学习方法学习英美报刊选读课程，需要掌握一定的学习方法。

首先，泛读与精读相结合。

泛读可以帮助学生了解文章的大意，精读则有助于学生深入理解文章的细节。