高考英语名词知识点知识点(1)
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高考英语知识点速记名词所有格的构成与用法高考英语知识点速记:名词所有格的构成与用法在高考英语中,名词所有格是一个重要的语法知识点。
掌握好名词所有格的构成与用法,对于我们正确理解和运用英语语言有着重要的意义。
下面就让我们一起来详细了解一下名词所有格的相关内容。
一、名词所有格的构成1、's 所有格(1)一般情况下,在名词词尾加's 。
例如:my sister's book(我姐姐的书),Tom's pen(汤姆的钢笔)。
(2)以 s 结尾的复数名词,在词尾加'。
例如:the students' books(学生们的书),the teachers' office(老师们的办公室)。
(3)不以 s 结尾的复数名词,在词尾加's 。
例如:Children's Day (儿童节),Women's Day(妇女节)。
2、 of 所有格(1)of 所有格通常用于无生命的名词。
例如:the window of the room(房间的窗户),the cover of the book(书的封面)。
(2)有时,of 所有格也可用于有生命的名词,尤其是当有较长的定语修饰时。
例如:the story of the old man with a long beard(那个长着长胡子的老人的故事)。
3、双重所有格双重所有格由“of +'s 所有格/名词性物主代词”构成。
例如:a friend of my father's(我父亲的一个朋友),a book of mine(我的一本书)。
二、名词所有格的用法1、表示所属关系这是名词所有格最常见的用法,用于表示某人或某物属于某人或某物。
例如:This is John's bike(这是约翰的自行车。
)The cat is Lucy's (这只猫是露西的。
)2、表示类别或用途例如:a women's college(女子学院),a children's hospital(儿童医院)。
名词是高中生的必学知识点,同时也是高考英语试题的必考点。
它在完形填空题、短文改错题、语法填空题中都会涉及。
命题者通过对名词词义、单复数形式、名词的语法功能、名词的格等进行考查,检测考生对名词的掌握情况。
本文结合考题探究了有关名词的七个考点。
考点一:名词的语法功能名词是用来表示地点、人、物、抽象概念、现象等名称的词。
在英语句子中名词可作定语、主语、宾语、同位语、表语五种成分。
名词所作何种成分是高考英语试题的必考点,特别是在语法填空题、短文改错题中会考查到。
例1:...benefits the 62(develop)of ...(2021年全国乙卷)解析:development 。
本句的谓语动词是benefits ,空格处在句中作宾语,且空格的前面有定冠词the ,空格后有of 所有格形式,可知空格处应用名词形式,所给提示词develop 是动词,其名词形式是development 。
例2:...we57(human)are.(2021年全国I 卷)解析:humans 。
human 作主语的同位语,又因为主语we 是复数形式,故应用human 的复数形式hu⁃mans 。
考点二:名词的所有格名词的所有格用来表示名词与名词之间的所有关系,常见的有of 所有格、’s 所有格、双重所有格、特殊所有格。
1.of 所有格of 所有格是由“of+名词”构成,一般用来表示没有生命的名词与名词之间的所有关系,也可用于多个定语修饰名词时,名词的后置定语比较多时,或者用于名词比较长时。
无论该名词是表示有生命的名词,还是表示无生命的名词,都可用of 所有格这种形式。
例3:There is a celebrity sculpture at the end of the alley.例4:Have you heard the speech of David Copper⁃field on TV?2.’s 所有格’s 所有格的构成形式是在名词后加’s ,如果名词是以s 结尾的,在其后加’构成。
高考英语名词知识点讲解在高考英语考试中,名词是一个重要的考点,掌握名词的用法和相关知识点对于正确理解和运用语法规则至关重要。
本文将从常见名词的分类、数的变化、所有格的用法以及名词的特殊形式等方面进行讲解。
一、名词的分类名词是指表示人、事物、动、静、抽象概念等的名称。
根据名词的性质和用法,可以将名词分为以下几种类型:1. 专有名词:用来表示特定的人、地点或机构的名称,如Tom、Beijing、Harvard等。
这些名词通常首字母大写。
2. 普通名词:指一般的人、事物或概念,如boy、book、love 等。
3. 可数名词和不可数名词:可数名词表示可以计量的东西,可以用来表示单数或复数,如book(单数)- books(复数);不可数名词表示不能计量的东西,只能用单数形式,如water、money。
4. 集体名词:用来表示一类事物的群体,如family、team。
虽然是单个名词,但其表达的是一个整体概念。
二、名词的数的变化名词通常有单数和复数两种形式,掌握名词的数的变化规则是理解和运用名词的关键。
1. 可数名词的复数形式:大多数可数名词在单数形式后加-s或-es来表示复数形式,如books、desks。
但也存在一些特殊的复数形式,如child(复数形式为children)和tooth(复数形式为teeth)。
2. 不可数名词:不可数名词没有复数形式,因为它们表示的是一种不可分割的整体,如water、furniture。
3. 集体名词:在使用集体名词时,根据上下文的需要,可以使用单数或复数形式。
当强调整体时,使用单数形式;当强调个体时,使用复数形式,如The team is playing well.(整体强调)The team are wearing different colors.(个体强调)三、名词的所有格的用法名词的所有格用来表示名词所属或关系,常常通过在名词后加-apostrophe和-s来构成。
2019 年高考英语语法必考考点( 1):名词含分析【考点解读】研究最近几年来高考题我们不难看出,名词部分主要观察名词的词义辨析和习惯搭配、名词的数( 可数与不行数、单数与复数 ) 、名词的所有格、抽象名词的详细化、物质名词的量化、词性变换、名词和冠词的搭配以及主谓一致等。
在高考试题中,名词常联合其余项目一同观察,观察题型以短文改错、完形填空、语篇中的名词词义理解、单项选择、及写作部分等。
对名词的观察一般放在名词词义辨析(特别是同义词和近义词的辨析)、名词的习习用法、一词多义、抽象名词详细化、词性变换、名词动用等方面。
1、对同义词、近义词的观察如: At the meeting they discussed three different _______ to the study of mathematics.A. approachesB. meansC. methodsD. ways【答案】 D。
【分析】在会议上他们议论了三种不一样的学习数学的方法。
way 意为“方式,方法”,可指详细的方法,也可指抽象的方法,多指一般的思想、行动、做事的方法,也可指个人特别的方式、方法。
approach意为“接近,凑近,方式,方法”,指凑近某人或某事,也可指对待或办理事情的方式或方法。
mean意为“方式,方法”,用于抽象意义,可指为达到某一目的而采纳的方法、计划、政策、策略等,尤指整套方法; 用于详细意义,常指为达到某一目的所使用的工具、资料、机器、器具、车船等。
method 意为“方式,方法”,指详细的、系统的、有步骤的方法,重申条理性及高效率。
【点睛】面对英语学习中的大批近义词,仅凭母语我们常常没法把它们真实理解和解说清楚。
要尽可能地多翻阅英语字典,注意并比较它们的基本意,用英语的思想方式和语言来解说和理解它们。
2、对相像词的观察如: Always read the _______ on the bottle carefully and take the right amount of medicine.A. explanationsB. instructionsC. descriptionsD. introductions【答案】 B。
高考英语新名词知识点知识点总复习附答案(1)一、选择题1.The report at the conference analyses in detail why a new legal is needed to better protect the environment.A.currency B.framework C.allowance D.occupation 2.Lao Gan Ma is the best chilli sauce in China. The company built up its________by constantly providing high-quality products at a relatively low price.A.reputation B.campaign C.appetite D.occupation 3.Determination is the most important of all the ____________ because without determination, you will end up doing nothing.A.tactics B.virtues C.emotions4.He stood at the water’s ____________ and looked across the lake.A.edge B.course C.exit5.One of the Disney cartoon characters, Donald Duck, is always quick to find ____ with others and brings laugher to people of all ages.A.mistake B.error C.blame D.fault6.A huge was lifted from my shoulders when I told my parents about my problems. A.burden B.risk C.hole D.disaster7.Be sure to read the ______ in the guidebook before you begin to use the new computer. A.instructions B.solution C.descriptions D.message8.The ________ went extremely well, with almost all of the audience requesting further information about our 5G products.A.conservation B.imagination C.presentation D.qualification 9.It’s her ________ of time to medical research that helped Tu Youyou win the Nobel Prize. A.supply B.respect C.devotion D.arrangement10.I practiced a lot in the training center so that I could pass the driving test at my first__________.A.attempt B.experimentC.flight D.glance11.The painful experience left her emotionally drained, but she is not the sort of________woman to be defeated by a of fate.A.damage B.collapse C.twist D.share12.It's difficult to guess what his ______ to the news would be.A.reaction B.opinion C.comment D.impression 13.Charles Darwin explained the ________ of species on earth in his book that came out in1859. A.ancestor B.origin C.belief D.custom14.Last month L.A.declared a________of emergency as protests over killing of Geroge Floyd a black man turned violent.A.state B.condition C.situation D.circumstance 15.During the early ____________of planetary evolution, they served to sweep the solar system. A.stages B.journeys C.species D.demands16.Since he did not prepare for the whole story before class, he just read the of the plot instead. A.headline B.expression C.outline D.title17.Jane is nice but she has a ______ to talk too much.A.trend B.tendency C.tension D.threat 18.President Donald Trump's first state dinner excluded Democratic members of Congress and the media, which was criticized by many as a(n) _________ from tradition.A.departure B.benefit C.escape D.lesson19.The _____ of the trees in the water was very clear.A.mirror B.sight C.reflection D.shadow20.With the _______ of the mid-term examinations, the majority of the students are becoming more and more nervous.A.approach B.access C.attachment D.appearance 21.This book gives a brief _______ of the history of the castle and details of the art collection in the main hall.A.outline B.output C.operation D.organ22.I have read the material several times but it doesn’t make any________to me. A.meaning B.importance C.sense D.significance 23.On _________ that all go smoothly, we can realize our annual goals as expected. A.situation B.case C.condition D.environment 24.The expert says the farm helps reduce Beijing’s __________ on dirty energy that creates the capital’s heavy smog.A.convenience B.confidence C.reliance D.importance 25.Childhood ________ often play a big part in shaping one’s character .A.courses B.experiences C.effects D.records【参考答案】***试卷处理标记,请不要删除一、选择题1.B解析:B【解析】【分析】【详解】考查名词词义辨析。
名词一:名词的分类专有名词:指某人,某地,某机构等专有的名称,其首字母要大写。
如Hong Kong, China, Bill Clinton,Red Cross个体名词:表示某类人或东西中的个体,如 student, book名普可数名词词通集体名词:表示若干个体组成的集合体,如:family, school,group, people名词不可数名词物质名词:表示无法分为个体的实物,如:cotton, air,tea抽象名词:表示抽象概念,如:work,happiness, news二、名词的数1:可数名词有单、复数形式,规则名词单复数变化:1)绝大多数在词尾加s。
如:book, books; bag, bags;cup, cups; face,faces.2)以ch, sh,s,x, o结尾的名词加es。
如:watch, watches;brush, brushes;hero,heroes; class, classes;3)以辅音字母+y结尾的名词,将y改为i,再加es。
例如:baby, babies; family, families;以元音字母+y结尾的名词,直接加s。
例如:boy, boys; key, keys4)以f或fe结尾的名词,先将f或fe改为v,再加es构成复数形式,如:leaf, leaves; wife, wives.2.不规则名词单复数变化:(1)单复数同形:sheep, deer,fish,means,species,works(工厂), Chinese,Japanese,Swiss(2)改变字母:man--men,woman--women,policeman--policemen, saleswoman--saleswomen, foot--feet,tooth --teeth,goose --geese,Mouse --Mice , phenomenon--phenomena(3)增加字母:child --children,ox –oxen(4)以o结尾的词:加s:photo, radio, piano, zoo,studio, bamboo, tobacco, kangaroo加es: tomato, potato, hero,Negro, dingo(5)以f或fe结尾的词:直接加s:roof,proof,belief,chief,gulf,变f为v再加es:life,wife, knife,half,leaf, wolf,thief另外:handkerchief(handkerchiefs或handkerchieves)3.名词单复数的特殊情况:(1)集体名词只用作复数police,cattle ,people , theyouth(2) 集体名词用作不可数名词: clothing, furniture,luggage(baggage),wealth(3) 集体名词视具体情况而定单复数:family, class, population, group, team,company,government, committee, audienc e, enemy(4)只有复数形式的名词:clothes, trousers,jeans, twins,glasses, scissors,goods ,thanks,wishe s, tears,troops,(5)以s结尾但不表示复数:1.maths,politics,physics等学科名词,为不可数名词,是单数。
英语名词知识点高考汇总在高考英语考试中,名词是一个重要的考点。
掌握好名词的知识点对于考生来说至关重要。
接下来,我们将对英语名词知识点进行汇总和归纳,帮助考生复习和掌握这一重要的考点。
1. 可数名词和不可数名词在英语中,名词可以分为可数名词和不可数名词。
可数名词指的是可以用数字进行计数的名词,如book(书),car(车)等。
不可数名词则指的是不可以用数字进行计数的名词,如water(水),information(信息)等。
2. 可数名词的单复数形式可数名词的单数形式通常是名词本身,而复数形式则需要根据具体的规则进行变化。
常见的复数形式有以下几种规则:a. 在名词后面加-s,如books(书),cars(车)等。
b. 以-ss,-sh,-ch,-x,-o结尾的名词,复数形式在词尾加-es,如classes(课程),wishes(愿望),churches(教堂),boxes(盒子),tomatoes(西红柿)等。
c. 以辅音字母+y结尾的名词,将y改为i,再加-es,如ladies(女士们),countries(国家)等。
d. 以f或fe结尾的名词,一般将f或fe变为v,再加-es,如leaves (叶子),knives(刀),wives(妻子们)等。
3. 不可数名词的用法和表达不可数名词通常表示无法具体计数的事物,需要用量词来修饰,如a cup of coffee(一杯咖啡),a piece of advice(一条建议)等。
另外,有些名词可以同时作可数名词和不可数名词使用,如paper(纸)。
当paper指的是"纸张"时是可数名词,而当paper指的是"文件"时是不可数名词。
4. 名词所有格的用法名词所有格表示某物属于某人或某物。
通常在名词后面加-apostrophe (')和-s来表示名词所有格,如Tom's book(汤姆的书),the student's pen(学生的钢笔)。
高考英语最新名词知识点分类汇编含解析(1)一、选择题1.He has been spreading false stories in a(n)____________to smear(诽谤)us.A.attempt B.programme C.intention D.dream2.It's difficult to guess what his ______ to the news would be.A.reaction B.opinion C.comment D.impression 3.Lulu grew up in the ____________ of her high-performing sister, Sophia.A.protection B.gesture C.shadow4.Since 1949, the people’s living standard ____, causing a big ____ in population.A.has been raised; rise B.has been risen; raiseC.has raised; rise D.has raised; rose5.Space exploration provides a ______ of national pride.A.reason B.portrait C.statue D.symbol6.The worker was satisfied with his boss because he was offered a good .A.salary B.price C.service D.reason7.Be sure to read the ______ in the guidebook before you begin to use the new computer. A.instructions B.solution C.descriptions D.message 8.Timoteo has an unusual job — he is a human traffic _________.A.sign B.signal C.mark D.symbol9.The ________ went extremely well, with almost all of the audience requesting further information about our 5G products.A.conservation B.imagination C.presentation D.qualification 10.This unjust _______ of people on the basis of skin color was challenged. A.determination B.adaptation C.separation D.submission 11.It’s her ________ of time to medical research that helped Tu Youyou win the Nobel Prize. A.supply B.respect C.devotion D.arrangement 12.As we all know, there is a close ______ between diet and health.A.connection B.evidence C.power D.belief 13.Charles Darwin explained the ________ of species on earth in his book that came out in1859. A.ancestor B.origin C.belief D.custom 14.Giving up my job to go back to full-time education was a big __________, but now I know it was the best decision I ever made.A.project B.commitment C.competition D.ambition15.No body knows the man who was killed in the accident, so it is difficult for the police to find out his .A.accent B.source C.identity D.mystery16.He gained ______ to this universityA.permission B.accommodation C.scholarship D.admission 17.Jane is nice but she has a ______ to talk too much.A.trend B.tendency C.tension D.threat18.With the _______ of the mid-term examinations, the majority of the students are becomingmore and more nervous.A.approach B.access C.attachment D.appearance 19.Olympic athletes bring joy to people across the world with their____________ to push the boundaries of human achievement.A.intelligence B.influences C.impression D.attempts 20.—Could you tell me the____ of making such tasty cakes?— Well, I just follow the directons in the cookbook.A.feature B.plan C.cost D.trick21.One reason for her preference for city life is that she can have___________ to places like shops and restaurants.A.method B.access C.way D.means22.In the________of further evidence,the police were unable to solve the murder in a short term. A.presence B.charge C.control D.absence23.If you can't find a ladder,use a strong chair as a ___________.A.replace B.substitute C.choice D.chance 24.Training of the employees was suggested as one _____ to dealing with the problem of low efficiency.A.method B.wayC.approach D.means25.I practiced a lot in the training center so that I could pass the driving test at my first__________.A.attempt B.experimentC.flight D.glance【参考答案】***试卷处理标记,请不要删除一、选择题1.A解析:A【解析】【分析】【详解】考查名词词义辨析。
高考关于名词的知识点名词作为英语语法的重要组成部分,在高考中占据了重要的地位。
掌握好名词的相关知识点,不仅能够帮助我们在选择题和填空题中做出正确的选择,还能够在写作和阅读理解等方面提升我们的语言表达能力。
本文将重点介绍高考中常见的名词知识点,包括名词的分类、单复数形式、所有格以及一些特殊的名词用法。
一、名词的分类名词可以分为可数名词和不可数名词两种。
可数名词可以单独使用,可以用于复数形式,而不可数名词则不能用于复数形式。
理解名词的分类对于高考考题的解答至关重要。
在理解和使用名词时,我们需要注意名词的可数与不可数的特点,以便正确使用和搭配。
二、名词的单复数形式名词的单复数形式也是高考中一个常见的考点。
有些名词的复数形式与其单数形式完全相同,如deer、sheep等。
而有些名词则需要在单词末尾加上es,如box→boxes;有些名词则需要将词尾的辅音字母加上ies并去掉y变i,如baby→babies。
此外,还有一些名词变化形式特殊,需记忆和区分,如child→children,man→men等。
三、名词的所有格名词的所有格用于表示名词与其所属的关系。
一般情况下,我们可以通过在名词后面加上's来表示所有格,如girl's book,Tom's car等。
对于以s结尾的名词,只需要在词尾加上一个撇号来表示所有格,如students' books,girls' dresses等。
但对于不少名词的所有格,需要注意其特殊变化形式,如women的所有格是women's,而不是womens's。
四、名词的特殊用法在高考中,也会经常遇到一些特殊的名词用法。
例如,集体名词指的是一组人或物的集合,但它在句子中作主语时,可以用单数形式,如The government is responsible for the welfare of its citizens. 另外,有些名词既可以作可数名词,也可以作不可数名词,其意思会有所不同,如hair作可数名词时指的是头发的总数,作不可数名词时指的是头发这种物质。
高考英语名词知识点知识点(1)一、选择题1.Since he did not prepare for the whole story before class, he just read the of the plot instead. A.headline B.expression C.outline D.title2.I suggest you apply for membership. Members can get a 15% ____________. A.discount B.dictation C.favor3.Anyone who is in ________ of weapons without permission is considered law-breaking. A.command B.control C.charge D.possession4.If you want to get a good ___________, you’d better stand on the top of the hill.A.sight B.sceneC.look D.view5.Since 1949, the people’s living standard ____, causing a big ____ in population.A.has been raised; rise B.has been risen; raiseC.has raised; rise D.has raised; rose6.The ________ went extremely well, with almost all of the audience requesting further information about our 5G products.A.conservation B.imagination C.presentation D.qualification7.I practiced a lot in the training center so that I could pass the driving test at my first__________.A.attempt B.experimentC.flight D.glance8.---What's new?---The upcoming 40-day Spring Festival travel ____ , also known as chunyun, will ___ on Jan 10 and end on Feb 18.A.dash; kick out B.rush; kick off C.flow; kick in D.jam; kick up 9.To everyone's surprise, the three-year-old boy recited Three-Character Canon without making a single .A.slide B.slip C.sneeze D.squeeze 10.Childhood ________ often play a big part in shaping one’s character .A.courses B.experiences C.effects D.records 11.Nearly a year after his____________ from prison, he was still unable to sleep properly. A.expedition B.transformation C.link D.release12.Lao Gan Ma is the best chilli sauce in China. The company built up its________by constantly providing high-quality products at a relatively low price.A.reputation B.campaign C.appetite D.occupation 13.Due to the ________ of this medical technology, some diseases can be treated at the early stage.A.appreciation B.applicationC.appointment D.approach14.American English has so many_________because the American people have come from all over the world.A.grammar B.vocabulary C.pronunciations D.dialects 15.Modem TVs use many of the ________ first discovered by Farnsworth, who contributed a lot to the development of TVA.platforms B.principles C.sources D.symptoms 16.The literature masterpiece Macbeth by Shakespeare will be better understood if readers look at the tragedy in the historical _________ of the Elizabethan and Jacobean periods, an era of relative stability.A.content B.contest C.context D.contact17.The good news that he got a_________to Senior Editor brought great happiness to his family. A.prospect B.promotion C.priority D.privilege18.It is clear that in modern society high ______ and demands are placed on students. A.motivations B.expectations C.standards D.opportunities 19.If you can't find a ladder,use a strong chair as a ___________.A.replace B.substitute C.choice D.chance20.They are building the dam in _____ with another firm.A.comparison B.association C.touch D.tune21.On _________ that all go smoothly, we can realize our annual goals as expected. A.situation B.case C.condition D.environment22.A U.S. company has developed facial _______ software that can help police. A.recognition B.recommendation C.representation D.reality 23.Poverty alleviation is a high priority of our country and has been put on the top of________at two sessions.A.agenda B.subject C.directory D.seminar24.He wins the Nobel Prize for his outstanding _________to physics.A.contribution B.conclusion C.addition D.explanation 25.He has been spreading false stories in a(n)____________to smear(诽谤)us.A.attempt B.programme C.intention D.dream【参考答案】***试卷处理标记,请不要删除一、选择题1.C解析:C【解析】【分析】【详解】考查名词。
句意:由于上课前他没有准备整个故事,他只看了故事梗概。
A. headline大标题;B. expression表达,表情;C. outline大纲,概要;D. title标题。
这里指“故事梗概”。
故选C。
2.A解析:A【解析】【详解】考查名词词义辨析。
句意:我建议你申请入会。
会员可以享受15%的折扣。
A. discount折扣;B. dictation听写;C. favor帮助,赞同。
根据上一句建议入会,所以推知入会是有好处的,故选A。
3.D解析:D【解析】【详解】考查名词词义和短语辨析。
句意:没有许可证而拥有武器的人被认为违法。
A. command命令;B. control 控制;C. charge负责;D. possession拥有。
根据句意可知,此处固定短语in possession of“拥有”符合语境。
故选D。
4.D解析:D【解析】【分析】【详解】考查名词辨析。
句意:如果你想有一个好的视野,你最好站在山顶上。
A. sight景象;B. scene场面;C. look样子;D. view视野。
习惯用法:get/have a good view“有好的视野或视角”。
故选D。
5.A解析:A【解析】【详解】考查时态和名词。
句意:自从1949年以来,人民的生活水平提高了,导致了人口的大幅增长。
根据句子中的Since 1949可知,此处应用现在完成时,raise是及物动词有被动,故C、D项错误;rise为不及物动词无被动,故B项错误,根据句子可知,raise与people’s living standard之间是被动关系,故填has been raised;第二空由a big可知,用名词,rise当名词讲意为“增长;上升”。