宾语从句详细讲解
- 格式:doc
- 大小:87.50 KB
- 文档页数:10
英语宾浯从句讲解摘要:1.英语宾语从句的定义和作用2.英语宾语从句的构成3.英语宾语从句的举例及用法4.英语宾语从句的注意事项正文:英语宾语从句是英语语法中的一个重要部分,它在句子中起着举足轻重的作用。
本文将详细讲解英语宾语从句的定义、构成、举例及用法,并提醒读者在实际运用中需要注意的事项。
一、英语宾语从句的定义和作用宾语从句是英语复合句子中的一种从句,它作为主句的宾语出现。
宾语从句通常由一个连词(如that, whether 等)引导,或者在某些情况下可以省略连词。
宾语从句的主要作用是作为主句动词的宾语,补充说明主句的意思。
二、英语宾语从句的构成宾语从句的构成包括引导词、主语、谓语、宾语和修饰成分等。
引导词有that, whether, if 等,它们用来引导从句并连接主句。
主语、谓语和宾语则是构成从句的基本成分,通常由名词、动词和代词等词性充当。
此外,宾语从句还可以有修饰成分,如定语、状语等。
三、英语宾语从句的举例及用法以下是一些宾语从句的例子,以帮助读者更好地理解其用法:1.我不知道他会不会来。
(I don"t know if he will come.)2.她告诉我说她喜欢这个电影。
(She told me that she likes this movie.)3.他的问题是关于这个项目的。
(His question is about this project.)四、英语宾语从句的注意事项在使用宾语从句时,需要注意以下几点:1.引导词的选择:根据主句的语境和需要,选择合适的引导词,如that, whether, if 等。
2.引导词的位置:引导词在宾语从句中只起连接作用,没有实际意义,因此通常放在从句句首。
3.从句的语序:宾语从句的语序应保持主谓宾的顺序,即使引导词是作宾语,也不例外。
总之,英语宾语从句是英语语法中一个重要的组成部分,掌握好它的构成和用法,对于提高英语写作和阅读能力具有重要意义。
宾语从句一、宾语:动作的承受者,一般置于及物动词之后(动宾结构);或不及物动词之后(介宾结构)比如:I know you.二、宾语从句定义:在复合句中,由一个句子充当宾语,这个句子叫做宾语从句。
由“引导词+主语+谓语...”构成,引导词在从句中作主语除外。
I know that you are a good student.三、宾语从句结构:主+谓+引导词+句子。
宾语从句考点:(1)引导词(2)语序(3)时态一、宾语从句的引导词1.由从属连词that 引导的宾语从句(陈述句)that 在句中无词汇意义,在从句中不能充当成分,只在宾语从句中起连接作用,在口语当中往往省略。
常放在think,hope,know,say,believe,suggest,be sure 等之后。
I hear (that) he will be back in an hour.I think (that) he is the best actor in America.2.由从属连词whether, if 引导的宾语从句当从句部分是一般疑问句或选择疑问句时,常用if / whether 引导宾语从句,表示“是否”常放在ask,wonder,be not sure等之后。
I want to know if/whether she is right .Mary asked me if/whether I needed any help .【注意】只用whether,不用if 的情况:(1)宾语从句放在句首表示强调时,只能用whether;Whether this is true or not, I really don't know.(2)在介词后时,只能用whether;His father is worried about whether he gets on well with his classmates.(3)与or或者or not连用时,只能用whether;I wonder whether or not the news is true.(4)后接动词不定式时,用whether;I can't decide whether to stay.口诀:前有介词狼,后有to do虎,句末or not, 只能用whether.牛刀小试:用whether 或if 填空①I wonder ______________ he will come to my party tomorrow.②I asked _______________ he had been there or not.③I am curious about _________or not she is the winner.④His father is worried about ____________he lost his job.⑤__________ he will come is still unknown.⑥I am not sure _________ to go out tonight.参考答案:①if/whether ②whether ③whether ④whether ⑤whether ⑥whether3.由连接代词Who,whom,whose,which,what 和连接副词where, how, why, when 引导的宾语从句,不可省略。
宾语从句在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫做宾语从句.宾语从句分为三类:动词的宾语从句,介词的宾语从句和形容词的宾语从句.时态:1.主句用一般现在时,从句可用任意时态。
2.主句用过去时,从句用过去某个时态。
3.主句用过去时,从句是真理时,只用一般现在时。
一、宾语从句的连接词从属连词连接宾语从句的从属连词主要有that,if,whether.that引导表示陈述句的宾语从句,而if和whether引导表示“是否”的宾语从句.He told me that he would go to the college the next year他告诉我他明年上大学.I don’t know if there will be a bus any more.我不知道是否还会有公交车.Nobody knew whether he could pass the exam.没人知道他是否会通过考试.连接代词连接代词主要有who, whom ,whose ,what ,whoever ,whomever ,whosever, whatever, whichever等.连接代词一般指疑问,但what, whatever除了指疑问外,也可以指陈述.Do you know who has won Red Alert game?我不知道你该依靠谁.The book will show you what the best CEOs know.这本书会告诉你最好的执行总裁该了解些什么.Have you determined whichever you should buy,a Motorola or Nokia cell phone?你决定好是买诺基亚还是摩托罗拉的电话了吗?连接副词连接副词主要有when,where,why,how,whenever,wherever,however等.He didn’t tell me when we should meet again.他没有告诉我什么时候我们能再见面.Could you please tell me how you read the new panel?你能告诉我怎么用这个新的操作盘吗?None of us knows where these new parts can be bought.没有人知道这些的新的零件能在哪里买到.二、动词的宾语从句大多数动词都可以带宾语从句We all expect that they will win , for members of their team are stronger.我们都预料他们会赢,因为他们的队员更强壮.He told us that they would help us though the whole work.他告诉我们在整个工作中,他都会帮忙的.部分“动词+副词”结构也可以带宾语从句I have found out that all the tickets for the concert have been sold out.我发现这场音乐会的所有票都卖光了.Can you work out how much we will spend during the trip?你能计算出这次旅行我们将花费多少钱吗?动词短语也可以带宾语从句常见的这些词有:make sure确保ma ke up one’s mind下决心keep in mind牢记Make sure that there are no mistakes in your papers before you turn them in.在上交试卷前确保没有任何错误.可运用形式宾语it代替的宾语从句①动词find,feel,consider,make,believe等后面有宾语补足语的时候,则需要用it做形式宾语而将that宾语从句后置.I think it necessary that we take plenty of hot water every day .我认为每天多喝开水是有必要的.I feel it a pity that I haven’t been to the get-together.我没去聚会,感觉非常遗憾.I have made it a rule that I keep diaries.我每天写日记成了习惯.We all find it important that we (should) make a quick decision about this mater.我们都认为对这件事马上做出决定很重要.②有些动词带宾语从句时需要在宾语与从句前加it这类动词主要有:hate, take , owe, have, see to.I hate it when they with their mouths full of food.我讨厌他们满嘴食物时说话.He will have it that our plan is really practical.他会认为我们的计划确实可行.We take it that you will agree with us.我们认为你会同意我们的.When you start the engine, you must see to it that car is in neutral.开启发动机时, 一定要使汽车的离合器处于空挡位置.③若宾语从句是wh-类,则不可用it代替We all consider what you said to be unbelievable.我们都认为你所说的是不可信的.We discovered what we had learned to be valuable.我们发现我们所学到的东西都是有用的.三、介词的宾语从句用wh-类的介词宾语从句We are talking about whether we admit students into our club.我们正在讨论是否让学生加入我们的俱乐部.The new book is about how Shenzhou 6 manned spaceship was sent up into space.这本新书是关于神州6号载人航天飞船是如何升入太空的.用that,if引导的介词宾语从句有时候except,but,besides三个介词后可见到that引导的宾语从句I know nothing about my new neighbor except that he used to work with a company.对于我的新邻居我只知道他曾在一家公司上班,其他一无所知.四、形容词的宾语从句常用来引导宾语从句的形容词有:sure,certain,glad,please,happy,sorry,afraid,satisfied,surprisedI am sure I will pass the exam.我确信我会通过考试.I am sorry that I have troubled you so long.很抱歉我这么长时间在打扰你.He is glad that Li Ming went to see him when he was ill.他很高兴在他生病的时候李明能去看望他.五、if,whether在宾语从句中的区别①if和whether在作“是否”解时,引导宾语从句常放在动词know,ask,care,wonder,find out等之后,介词后一般不用if②少数动词,如:leave,put,discuss,doubt后的宾语从句常用whether.③whether后可以加or not,但是if不可以.④在不定式前只能用whether.(如:I can’t decide whether to stay. 我不能决定是否留下。
一。
宾语从句的定义置于动词、介词等词性后面起宾语作用的从句叫宾语从句。
宾语从句的语序必须是陈述语序。
谓语动词、介词、动词不定式,v。
-ing形式后面都能带宾语从句。
有些形容词(afraid,sure,glad等)之后也可以带宾语从句。
二.宾语从句中引导词的用法在复合句中作主句的宾语,引导词有:连词:that (that 常可省略),whether, if代词:who, whose, what ,which副词:when ,where, how, why 等。
(一)that引导的宾语从句(在非正式场合that可以省略)可跟that从句做宾语的动词有:say, think, insist, wish, hope, demand, imagine, wonder, know, suppose, see, believe, agree, admit, deny, expect, explain, order, command, feel, dream, suggest, hear, mean,notice, prefer, request, require, propose, declare, report等。
例句:The boy believes that he will travel through space to other planets。
注意事项:当主句谓语动词是 think, believe, suppose, expect 等词,而宾语从句的意思是否定时,常把否定转移至主句表示。
例句:I don’t think it is right for him to treat you like that.在以下情况中that不能省略1.当句中的动词后接多于两个由that引导的宾语从句时,第一个that可省,但后面的that不可省。
例句:He said (that) you were too young to understand the matter and that he was askednot to tell you.2.当主句的谓语动词与that宾语从句之间有插入语时,that一般不可省。
宾语从句一、基本讲解一、概念:在句中担当宾语的从句叫宾语从句,宾语从句可作谓语动词的宾语,也可做介词的宾语。
eg, He said he was good at drawing. (动词宾语)He asks him how long Mike has been down . (动词宾语)Miss Zhang is angry at what you said. (介词宾语)二、连接词(1)陈述句转化成宾语从句时,引导词用that,口语中常常省略。
e.g, She told me (that) she would like to go with us.(2)以whether 或if 引导的宾语从句, 主要用来引导一般疑问句意思或选择疑问句意思的宾语从句,从句同样是陈述语序eg, I wonder if /whether u have told the new to Li Lei .注意:一般情况下,whether 和if 可以互用,但有些情况例外。
a. 当从句做介词的宾于是只用whether 不用ifeg, We are talking about whether we'll go on the pinic.b. 引导词与动词不定式或not 连用时,只用whether.eg, Please let me know what to do next.Could you tell me whether u go or not?c. if当如果讲,引导的是条件状语从句,这时不能用whether.(3)特殊疑问句转化成宾语从句时,引导词用特殊疑问词;引导词后要用陈述句语序。
E.g. Could you tell me what's the matter\wrong with you?特殊情况::当do you think后接特殊疑问句转化成宾语从句时,句式结构应为引导词+do you think+陈述句语序。
语法中的宾语从句详解宾语从句是英语语法中一个重要的概念,它在句子中起着充当宾语的作用。
宾语从句通常由连接词(如that、whether、if等)引导,并且需要注意主句和从句之间的语序和时态一致。
本文将详细解析宾语从句的构成和使用方法。
一、宾语从句的定义和结构宾语从句是一个从句,它在句中的作用是充当宾语。
它通常由连接词引导,与主句之间有一定的关系,可以是观点、建议、疑问等。
宾语从句有两种基本结构:1. 主语 + 动词 + 宾语 + that从句例如:I believe that he is telling the truth.(我相信他在说实话。
)2. 主语 + 动词 + 宾语 + if/whether从句例如:She asked if/whether he had finished his homework.(她问他是否完成了作业。
)二、宾语从句的引导词宾语从句的引导词根据从句的内容和意义的不同,可以分为以下几种情况:1. that引导的宾语从句that在宾语从句中起到引导作用,但在口语中常常省略。
that引导的宾语从句通常用于表示观点、陈述、宣布等情况。
例如:I think that she is a good teacher.(我觉得她是一位好老师。
)2. if/whether引导的宾语从句if和whether都可以引导宾语从句,它们在句中的意义相同,都表示“是否”。
if通常用于直接引导宾语从句,而whether通常用于间接引导宾语从句。
这两者可以互换使用。
例如:He asked if/whether she could help him.(他问她是否能帮助他。
)3. 连接代词和连接副词引导的宾语从句连接代词和连接副词在宾语从句中既起连接作用,又在从句中充当成分。
常见的连接代词有:who, whom, whose, which, what等;常见的连接副词有:when, where, why, how等。
宾语从句知识点讲解总结宾语从句的结构:宾语从句一般由连接词引导,连接词可以是关系代词、关系副词或从属连词。
例如:I know (that) she is coming. (我知道她要来了)- 这里的 that 就是一个引导宾语从句的从属连词。
I heard what you said.(我听到你说的话)- 这里的 what 就是一个引导宾语从句的关系代词。
I don't know when he will come.(我不知道他什么时候会来)- 这里的 when 就是一个引导宾语从句的关系副词。
宾语从句的使用:1. 宾语从句可以出现在主句的动词后面,作动词的宾语。
例如:I know (that) she is coming.(我知道她要来了)。
2. 宾语从句也可以出现在主句的介词后面,作介词的宾语。
例如:I am interested in what you said.(我对你说的话感兴趣)。
3. 宾语从句还可以出现在主句的及物动词之后,作宾语。
例如:I heard what you said.(我听到你说的话)。
下面我们将从名词从句和主语从句两个方面对宾语从句进行详细的讲解。
一、名词从句名词从句主要由 that, whether, what, whatever, which, who, whom, whose, when, where, why, how 等词引导。
名词从句作宾语时可以放在及物动词或者介词之后。
名词从句作宾语时,要根据引导词后面的动词的性质来选择合适的连接词。
以下是一些常用的连接词以及它们的用法。
1. thatthat 通常用作连接词,引导宾语从句,连接宾语从句与主句之间。
但在口语和非正式文体中,往往可以省略,但在正式的书面语中不可以省略。
例如:I don't know if he is coming.(我不知道他是否会来。
)I am sure that she is telling the truth.(我确信她在说实话。
宾语从句讲解在复合句中用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。
宾语从句有“四看”:一看连接词;引导宾语从句的连接词有三类:例句:I don’t know if /whether you can help me.我不知道你是否能够帮我。
I don’t know whether or not they will come.=I don’t know whether they will come or not. 我不知道他们来不来。
I wonder what he’s writing to me about.(w hat在从句中作宾语)我想知道他正在写什么给我们。
We never know what he is.(what在从句中作表语)我们从不知道他是做什么的。
He can’t decide which sweater he should buy.(which在从句中作定语)他不确定他该买哪件衣服。
I will tell you why I asked you to come.(why在从句中作原因状语)我会告诉你我为什么要你来。
Could you tell me where Tom has gone?(where在从句中作地点状语)你能告诉我汤姆去哪里了吗?I want to know when you can finish the work.(when在从句中作时间状语)我想知道你什么时候能够完成这项工作。
二看时态:主从句时态要一致。
主句为现在时态,从句可用任何时态;主句若为过去时态,从句要用相应的过去时态(一般过去时,过去进行时,过去将来时,过去完成时)。
He said that he would help us.他说他会帮我们的。
I didn’t know what he had done.我不知道他干了什么事。
注意:若从句表达的是客观事实或真理,从句用现在时态。
I didn’t know that light travels faster than sound.我以前不知道光比声音传播得快。
宾语从句的用法:一.宾语从句的定义:在复合句中用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。
(每年中招考试单选题第15题必是宾语从句)二、宾语从句的语序:宾语从句的语序是陈述语序,即“连接词+主语+谓语+其它成分”。
特别强调:它的主语和谓语的语序是陈述语序,而不是疑问句的倒装结构。
Can you tell me who(m) do we have to see?(╳) Can you tell me who(m) we have to see?( √)陈述句变为宾语从句时,要注意人称和时态的变化,语序不变。
Eg. She said, “I will leave a message on the desk.” → She said she would leave a message on the desk.一般疑问句和特殊疑问句变为宾语从句时,也要注意人称和时态的变化,后面接陈述语序。
Eg. “Where are the tickets?” I asked him. → I asked him where the tickets are.1)连接词在从句中作主语。
连接词+谓语常见的连接词有:who,what,which等。
如:Could you tell me who knows the answer,please?你能告诉我谁知道答案吗?The small children don't know what is in their stockings.这些小孩子不知道袜子里有什么东西?2)连接词在从句中作主语的定语。
连接词+名词+谓语。
常见的连接词有:whose,what,which,how many,how much等。
如:He asked whose handwriting was the best in our class.他问我们班上谁的书法最好。
The teacher asked us how many people there were in the room.老师问我们房间里有多少人。
3)连接词在从句中作宾语、状语或表语。
连接词+主语+谓语。
常见的连接词有:who (m),what,which,how many,how much,when,why,how,where,if /whether(在句中不充当任何成分)等。
如:He hasn't decided if he'll go on a trip to Wuxi.他还没决定是否去无锡旅行。
Could you tell me what I should do with the money ?你能告诉我我如何处理这笔钱吗?4)连接词在从句中作宾语或表语的定语。
连接词+名词+主语+谓语。
常见的连接词有:what,which,how many,how much,how等。
如:Do you know which class he is in ?你知道他在哪个班吗?She asked me if I knew whose pen it was.她问我是否知道这是谁的钢笔。
三.连接词1)当由陈述句充当宾语从句时,用that引导,只起连接作用,在从句中不作成分,也无词义,常被省略。
如:He said that he could finish his work before supper.他说他会在晚饭前完成工作。
I believe ( that ) you are right. He said ( that ) the fastest way to travel was by plane.引导宾语从句的that在下列情况下一般不省略(八种宾语从句不省略that )1. 宾语从句前有插入语。
We hope, on the contrary, that he will stay at home with us. 恰恰相反,我们希望他和我们呆在家里。
2. 有间接宾语时。
He told me that he was leaving for Japan. 他告诉我他要去日本。
3. that在与之并列的另一个宾语从句之后。
He said (that) the book was very interesting and that(不省略) all the children like to read it.他说那本书很有趣,所有小孩都喜欢读。
4. 在“it(形式宾语)+补语”之后时。
I think it necessary that he should stay here. 我们认为他有必要留在这里。
5. that从句单独回答问题时。
—What did he hear? 他听说了什么事?—That Kate had passed the exam. (他听说)凯特考试及格了。
6.在except等介词后。
He has no special fault except that he smokes too much.他除了抽烟太多之外,没有什么特别的毛病。
7. 位于句首时。
That our team will win, I believe. 我相信我们队会赢。
8. 在较为正式或不常用的动词(如reply, object)后。
He replied that he disagreed. 他回答说他不同意。
2)当由一般疑问句充当宾语从句时,用if或whether引导,意为“是否”。
如:I don't know if /whether he still lives here after so many years.我不知道这么多年后他是否还住在这儿。
但在下列情况下只能用whether:①在具有选择意义,又有or或or not时,尤其是直接与or not连用时,往往用whether (if…or not也可以使用)。
如:Let me know whether /if he will come or not.(=Let me know whether or not he will come)让我知道他是否能来。
I don't know whether /if he does any washing or not.(=I don't know whether or not he does any washing.)我不知道他洗不洗衣服。
I wonder whether we stay or whether we go.我不知道我们是去还是留。
②在介词之后用whether。
如:I'm interested in whether he likes English.我关心的是他是否喜欢英语。
We're thinking about whether we can finish the work on time.我们正在考虑是否能按时完成这项工作。
I worry about whether I hurt her feelings.我担心是否伤了她的感情。
③在不定式前用whether。
如:He hasn't decided whether to visit the old man.他尚未决定是否拜访那位老人。
I don't know whether to go.我不知去否。
He hasn't decided whether to go by bus or by train.他还未决定是乘公共汽车去还是坐火车去。
④whether置于句首时,不能换用if。
如:Whether this is true or not,I can't say.这是否真的我说不上来。
⑤引导主语从句和表语从句时宜用whether。
如:Whether she will come or not is still a question.她是否能来还是个问题。
The question is whether we can catch the bus.问题是我们能否赶上公共汽车。
3)如果宾语从句原来是特殊疑问句,只需用原来的特殊疑问词引导。
如:Could you tell me why you were late for the meeting this morning?你能告诉我今天早上你为什么开会迟到吗?三、宾语从句的时态:含宾语从句的复合句,主、从句谓语动词的时态呼应应包括以下三点内容:1)如果主句的谓语动词是一般现在时,从句的谓语动词可根据需要,选用相应的任何时态。
如:I don't know when he will come back.我不知道他将何时回来。
He tells me that his sister came back yesterday.他告诉我他姐姐昨天回来了。
2)如果主句的谓语动词是过去时,宾语从句的谓语动词只可根据需要,选用过去时态即一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时或过去完成时的某一种形式。
如:①The children didn't know who he was.孩子们不知道他是谁。
②He asked his father how it happened.他问他父亲这件事是如何发生的。
3)如果宾语从句所表示的是客观事实、普遍真理、自然现象或习惯性动作等,不管主句用什么时态,从句时态都用一般现在时。
如:The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.老师说地球绕着太阳转。
四、其他需要说明的问题:1、标点由主句决定,如主句是陈述句、祈使句,则用句号;是疑问句则用问号。
eg. I heard she had been to the Great Wall. Can you tell me which bus I should take?2、要注意个别句子中主从句人称的一致。
3、宾语从句的附加疑问句宾语从句的复合句在变成反意疑问句时,如果主句的谓语动词为think, guess, believe, suppose 等且主语为第一人称时,附加部分要由从句决定;如果主句不是think 等上述动词或谓语动词是这些词且主语不是第一人称时,附加部分由主句决定。
I think that he is right, isn't he? I don't believe he is a student, ishe?He supposes that she will come tonight, doesn't he? He never said he was a good student, did he?五、宾语从句和状语从句的区分:eg. 1) I will go out tomorrow if it is fine. 2) I don’t know if the train has arrived.句1中if引导的是状语从句。