计算机专业英语翻译2008影印版

home software家庭软件 home suite家庭套装软件 Icons图标 integrated package集成组件 Label标签 master slide母板 Menu菜单 menu bar菜单栏 numbered list编号列表 numeric entry数值型输入 personal software个人软件 personal suite个人套装软件 Pointer指针 presentation graphic图形演示文稿 productivity suite生产力套装软件
Application software, in turn, can be divided into two categories. One category, Basic applications, is the focus of this chapter. These programs are widely used in nearly every discipline and occupation. They include word processors, spreadsheets, database management systems, and presentation graphics. 那么接下来应用软件，也可以被划分为两大类型。第一类 是基本应用软件，也是这一章的重点。这些软件被广泛地 适用于几乎任何学科和职业。它们包括文字处理器，电子 制表软件，数据库管理系统以及演示图片。
Introduction
Not long ago, trained specialists were required to perform many of the operations you can now do with a microcomputer. 不久前,执行许多工作都需要训练有素的专家,现在却可以用一个微 型计算机来完成。 Secretaries used typewriters to create business correspondence. Market analysts used calculators to project sales. Graphic artists created designs by hand. Data processing clerks created electronic files to be stored on large computers. Now you can do all these tasks—and many others—with a microcomputer and the appropriate application software. 秘书用打字机来创建商业信函。市场分析师使用计算器来做项目销售。 图形艺术家用手工创建设计。数据处理职员创建的电子文件需要存储在 大型计算机上。现在你可以通过微机和适当的应用软件做所有这些任务 -以及更多。

P213SECONDARY STORAGEIntroductionSecondary storage devices are used to save, to back up, and even to transport file s consisting of data or programs from one location or computer to another. Not long ago, almost all files contained only numbers and letters. The demands for saving these file s were easily met with low-capacity floppy disk drives and hard-disk drives.Data storage has expanded from text and numeric files to include digital music files, photographic files, video files, and much more. These new types of files require secondary storage devices that have much greater capacity.Secondary storage devices have always been an indispensable element in any computer system. They have similarities to output and input devices. Like output de vices, secondary storage devices receive information from the system unit in the form of the machine language ofOs and Is. Rather than translating the information, however, secondary storage devices save the information in machine language for later use. Like input devices, secondary storage devices send information to the system unit for processing. However, the information, since it is already in machine form, does not need to be translated. It is sent directly to memory (RAM), where it can be accessed and proce ssed by the CPU.Competent end users need to be aware of the different types of secondary storage. They need to know the capabilities, limitations, and uses of floppy disks, hard disks, optical discs, and other types of secondary storage. Additionally, they need to be aware of specialty storage devices for portable computers and to be knowledgeable about how large organizations manage their extensive data resources.辅助存储设备被用来保存，备份，甚至把数据或程序从一个位置或计算机传送到另一个地方。

因特网安全套 件 因特网服务提 供商 Java 语言 关键词搜索 链接 网站名 消息 多路搜索引擎 国家网络服务 提供商 在线 在线银行 在线购物 在线股市 个人对个人拍 卖网站 网络自动运行 软件 协议 搜索引擎 搜索服务 签名行 社交网络 垃圾邮件
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spam blocker (35) specialized engine (42) spider (39) subject (35) surf (31) top-level domain (TLD) (32) uniform universal messenger (38) uploading (46) Web (30) Web auction (44) Web-based application (46) Web-based (46) Webmaster (48) Web page (32)) Web utility (46)) wireless modem (31)) wireless provider (31)) Chapter 3 analytical graph (70) application (62) AutoContent (77) basic application (62) bulleted list (66) business suite (80) button (63) cell (69) character effect (66) wizard software service services resource instant locator (URL) (32) search
文件传输协议 过滤器 朋友 信件台头 提示 超链接 超文本标记语 言 即时聊天 因特网
Language (HTML) (32) instant messaging (IM) (35) Internet (30) Internet suite (48) Internet Java (33) keyword search (40) link (32) location (32) message (35) metasearch engine (41) national provider (31) online (30) online banking (43) online shopping (44) online stock trading (44) person-to-person auction site (44) plug-in (46) protocol (32) search engine (40) search service (39) signature line (35) social networking (38) spam (35) service service provider (ISP) (31) security

○11.Visual chapter openers and summaries具视觉效果的开篇和总结2.On the Web explorations 网络资源3.Tips 小贴士，小窍门4.Making IT work for you 为你所用5.Concept checks and review 检查6.Key terms 核心词汇7.Careers in IT 信息技术相关职业8.Procedures (指令，操作说明)9.Software (软件)10.Hardware (硬件)11.Blocking spam 垃圾邮件过滤软件12.Speech Recognition 语音识别软件13.Virus Protection and Internet Security14.网络安全软件 Tuner Cards and Video Clips电视卡和视频编辑软件16.Web Cams and Instant Messaging网络视频摄像头和即时通讯17.Music from the Internet网络音乐下载、上传和编辑18.Home Networking 家庭网络19.Spyware Removal 间谍软件移除工具20.Job Opportunities 网络就业机会搜索软件21.Operation system 操作系统22.Coordinate resources 协调资源23.Interface 提供接口24.Run applications 运行应用程序25.Utilities 公共实用程序26.Device drivers 设备驱动程序27.Browser 浏览器程序28.Microsoft Office 办公软件29.Basic application 基础应用程序itary or Government军事政府31.Research institute 研究机构32.Insurance companies 保险公司33.Mainframe computers 大型机，主机34.Supercomputers 超级计算机35.Minicomputers 中型电脑36.Microcomputers 微机个人计算机37.Desktop computer 台式电脑38.Notebook computer, laptop computers手提式、膝上轻便电脑39.Tablet PC 支持手写的平板电脑40.Handheld computer 掌上电脑41.Windows mobile 操作系统42.Electronic Dictionary 电子词典43.Palm computer 掌上电脑44.Handheld computer 手持电脑itary PDA 军用PDA46.System unit：microprocessor and memory微处理器和内存47.Input/output devices 输入和输出48.Keyboard 键盘49.Mouse 鼠标50.Monitor 显示器printer 打印机51.Secondary storage 辅助存储器pact discs (CD) 激光盘53.Digital versatile or video discs (DVD) 数字化视频光盘54.High-definition discs (HDD) 高清盘55.Document files 文字处理56.Worksheet files 工作表单57.Database files 数据库文件58.Presentation files 演示文件puter competency refers to acquiring computer-related skills-indispensable tools for today.2.Present an overview of an information system 概述信息系统3.Understand these basic parts and how connectivity through the Internet.5大组成部分及如何访问网络4.Filled out computerized forms, took computerized tests 填写电脑化的表格和考试5.People are surely the most important part of any information system. 人是信息系统中最重要的组成元素6.Our lives are touched every day by computers and information systems. 我们的生活每天都要接触计算机、信息系统分不开7.Making IT Work for You：presentinteresting and practical IT applications. 实用的信息技术应用8.Tips：suggestions ranging from the basicsof keeping your computer system runningsmoothly to how to protect your privacy whilesurfing the Web. 关于计算机运用和网上冲浪安全的提示和建议9.Careers in IT：provides job descriptions,projected employment demands, educationalrequirements, current salary ranges, andadvancement opportunities. 信息技术相关的工作puting Essentials Web site：moreinformation on the Web. 本课本相关的网络资源11.Software are the instructions that tell thecomputer how to process date into the form youwant. 软件就是指导计算机把数据转换成信息的指令12.In the most case, the words software andprograms are interchangeable. 大多时候，软件和程序的概念是可以互换的13.系统软件是应用软件和计算机硬件的中间连接件。

P4:People: It is easy to overlook people as one of the five parts of an information system. Yet this is what microcomputers are all about –making people, end users like you, more productive.人们很容易忽视的一个信息系统的五个部分。

但这正是微型计算机都是关于——让人们，和你一样的终端用户，更有效率。

Procedures:The rules or guidelines for people to follow when using software , hardware, and data are procedures. These procedures are typically documented in manuals written by computer specialists. Software and hardware manufacturers provide manuals with thire products. These manuals are provided either in printed or electronic form.程序:规则或指导人们在使用软件时,硬件和数据的程序。

这些程序通常记录在手册由计算机专家写的。

软件和硬件制造商提供与他们产品手册。

这些手册是在印刷或电子形式提供。

Software: A program consists of the step-by-step instructions that tell the computer how to do its work. Software is anther name for a program or programs. The purpose of software is to convert data (unprocessed facts) into information (processed facts). For example, a payroll program would instruct the computer to take the number of hours you worked in a week (data) and multiply it by your pay rate (data) to determine how much you are paid for the week (information).软件:一个程序包括循序渐进的指示,告诉计算机如何工作。

第九章P255网络架构描述网络是如何安排和如何协调和共享资源。

网络配置描述了网络的物理安排。

网络策略定义了如何利用信息和资源共享。

网络可以安排或配置几种不同的方式。

这种安排被称为网络的拓扑结构。

四个主要的网络拓扑结构是星型，总线，环形，和层次。

在星型网络中，一些小型计算机或外围设备连接到一个中央单位。

中央单元是网络集线器，通常是一台主机或文件服务器。

通过这个中央单位的所有通信。

控制维持投票站。

也就是说，每个连接设备要求（“调查”）是否有一个消息发送。

每个设备然后又允许发送它的消息。

P258特别是星型拓扑结构的优势之一是它可以用来支持一个分时系统。

也就是说，多个用户可以共享一台中央计算机上的资源（时间）。

星是一种用于连接微机一台主机到一个组织，它允许访问的数据库的共同拓扑。

在总线网络，每个网络中的设备处理其自己的通信控制。

没有电脑主机。

所有沿一个共同的连接电缆通信旅行称为总线或骨干。

作为传递的信息沿总线，它是用于检查每个设备，看看它是否准备好。

通常是连在一起时，只有少数微机总线网络。

这项安排是为共享数据存储不同微型计算机。

上常见的星型网络通常提供更直接的路径共享。

因为星型网络通常提供了一个更直接的路径，共享资源，然而它是比为总线共享这些资源更高效，总线网络很容易安装更便宜。

在环网中，每个设备连接到两个其他设备，形成一个环。

没有中央文件服务器或计算机。

周围环消息传递，直到他们到达正确的目的地。

随着微型计算机的使用，环形网是四个网中用的最不频繁的，然而它经常被用来连接主机，尤其是在广泛的地理区域。

这些大型机往往相当自主操作。

他们执行的大部分或全部自己加工，只偶尔份额与其他主机的数据和方案。

环网在分散的组织中非常有用，因为它用分布式数据处理系统。

也就是说，计算机可以在自己的分散地点执行处理任务。

然而，他们也可以分享彼此的程序，数据，资源和其他资源由几台电脑连接到一个中央主机电脑，就像一个星型网络，分层网络。

Crossword Puzzle Answers:Open Ended Questions:1.Explain the difference between general-purpose and special-purpose applications.General-purpose applications are widely used in nearly every discipline and occupation. They include word processors, spreadsheets, database management systems, and presentation graphics.special-purpose applications are more narrowly focused on specific disciplines and occupations, such as graphics programs, audio and video editors,2.Discuss the common features of most software programs. Describe the new interfaceintroduced with 2007 Microsoft Office.The newest Office version, 2007 Microsoft Office, has a redesigned interface that is intended to make it easier for users to find and use all the features of an application. This new designintroduces ribbons, contextual tabs, galleries, and more.• Ribbons replace menus and toolbars by organizing commonly used commands into a set of tabs.These tabs display command buttons that are the most relevant to the tasks being performed by the user.• Contextual tabs are tabs that appear automatically. These tabs only appear when they are needed and anticipate the next operations to be performed by the user.• Galleries simplify the process of making a selection from a list of alternatives. This isaccomplished by replacing many dialog boxes with visual presentations of potential results.This new interface is the first major change in over a decade.3.What is the difference between a function and a formula? How is a formula related to what-if analysis?A formula is an instruction to calculate or process. Functions are prewritten formulas providedby the spreadsheet program that perform calculations such as adding a series of cells. If a change is made to one or more numbers in a spreadsheet, all related formulas will automaticallyrecalculate and charts will be recreated. Observing these changes is what-if analysis.4.What are presentation graphics programs? How are they used?Presentation graphics are programs that combine a variety of visual objects to create attractive, visually interesting presentations. They are excellent tools to communicate a message and to persuade people.5.What is the difference between an integrated package and a software suite? Whatare the advantages and disadvantages of each?An integrated package is a single program that provides the functionality of a wordprocessor, spreadsheet, database manager, and more. The primary disadvantage of an integrated package is that the capabilities of each function (such as word processing) are not as extensive as in the individual programs (such as Microsoft Word). The primary advantages are cost and simplicity.A software suite is a collection of separate application programs bundled together andsold as a group. While the applications function exactly the same whether purchased in a suite or separately, it is significantly less expensive to buy a suite of applications than to buy each application separately.1. Expanding Your Technology exercise #3 Shareware explores how shareware programswork and what the risks involved in using them are.2.Writing About Technology exercise #1 Acquiring Software asks the student to explorefive ways of acquiring software. And asks if it is wrong to obtain and use unauthorized software.Web Tools1.Applying Technology exercise #3 Corel WordPerfect Office Suite has the studentresearch the suite and compare/contrast it to the Microsoft Office suite. It asks thestudent to do critical thinking and decide which is better for them.2. Expanding Your Technology exercise #2 Sharing Data between Applications has thestudent research object linking and embedding. The student is asked to provide examples and be able to define the difference between linking and embedding.Software Tools1.Applying Technology exercise #1 Speech Recognition explores the technology of speechrecognition software. How it is configured and what are its uses. It asks them to writeabout the advantages and disadvantages of it.2.Applying Technology exercise #2 Presentation Graphics explores the requirements,features, and uses of a presentation graphics application found on the website.3.Applying Technology exercise #3 Corel WordPerfect Office Suite has the studentscompare and contrast the Corel Suite with the Microsoft Suite products, and asks them to choose one.Writing Skills1.Applying Technology exercise #1 Speech Recognition explores the technology of speechrecognition software. How it is configured and what are its uses. It asks them to writeabout the advantages and disadvantages of it.2.Applying Technology exercise #3 Corel WordPerfect Office Suite has the studentscompare and contrast the Corel Suite with the Microsoft Suite products, and asks them to choose one.3.Expanding Your Knowledge exercise #1 How Speech Recognition Works has the studentexplore how speech recognition could enhance applications and to describe a profession that could benefit from it.4.Expanding Your Technology exercise #3 Shareware explores how shareware programswork and what the risks involved in using them are.5.Writing About Technology exercise #1 Acquiring Software asks the student to explorefive ways of acquiring software. And asks if it is wrong to obtain and use unauthorized software.6.Writing About Technology exercise #2 Software Standards has the student explore theissue of standardization of computer software. It asks them to find out about therequirements of certifications and how compliance is handled.。

第七章P181Introduction你如何获取数据到CPU？你如何获得信息？在这里，我们描述了一个最重要的地方与人的计算机接口。

我们输入文字，音乐，甚至讲话，但我们可能从来没有想过我们输入计算机进程之间的关系。

人们理解的语言，它是由字母，数字和标点符号构建。

然而，计算机可以理解只有0和1的二进制的机器语言。

输入设备基本上都是翻译。

输入设备转换数字，字母和行动的人理解成计算机能够处理的形式。

你有没有想过如何处理系统单位的信息转换成一种形式，您可以使用吗？这是输出设备的作用。

虽然输入设备转换系统单元可以处理成什么了解，转换系统的单位处理，我们可以理解成一种输出设备。

输出设备转换成字母，数字，声音，图像，人们可以理解的机器语言。

主管最终用户需要了解最常用的输入设备，包括键盘，鼠标，扫描仪，数码相机，数字化片，语音识别，和MIDI设备。

此外，他们还需要了解最常用的输出设备，包括显示器，打印机和音频输出设备。

和最终用户的需要，要注意组合的输入和输出设备，如传真机，多功能设备，互联网电话和终端。

P182What is inout?输入任何数据或由计算机使用的指令。

他们可以直接从你或从其他来源。

您提供的输入，只要您使用的系统或应用程序。

例如，当使用字处理课程一，你输入的字母和数字的形式和问题，如保存和打印文件中的数据。

所指向的项目，您还可以输入数据，并发出命令，用你的声音。

输入其他来源包括扫描或拍摄的图像。

硬件，输入设备是用来翻译，文字，声音，图像和行动的人了解该系统的单位可以处理成一种形式。

例如，使用字处理器时，您通常使用键盘输入文字和鼠标发出的命令。

除了键盘和鼠标，还有各种各样的其他输入设备。

这些措施包括指向，扫描，图像采集，数字化，音频输入设备。

Keyboard enter通过键盘输入数据，最常见的方式之一。

正如第六章所讲的，键盘转换成数字，字母和特殊字符人们理解成电信号。

这些信号发送，处理，系统单位。

CHAPTER 11.SOFTWARE (P7)Software, as we mentioned(提到的), is another name for programs. Programs are the instructions(指令)that tell the computer how to process data into the form you want. In most cases, the words software and programs are interchangeable(可以互换的). There are two major kinds of software: system software and application(应用软件) software. You can think of application software as the kind you use. Think of system software as the kind the computer uses.软件，正如我们所提到的，它的另外一个名字叫程序。

程序是告诉计算机如何按照你的想法处理数据的一系列指令集。

在大多数情况下，软件和程序是可以互换。

主要有两个不同种类的软件：系统软件和应用程序软件。

你可以认为软件是你使用的那类，系统软件就是给电脑使用的那类。

2. (P11)System unit: The system unit is a container(容器) that houses(装载/收藏)most of the electric components(组件)that make up（组成）a computer system. Two important components of the system unit are the microprocessor(微处理器) and memory(内存). The microprocessor controls(控制)and manipulates(处理)data to produce information. Many times the microprocessor is contained(放置)within a protective(受保护的) cartridge(盒子). Memory, also known as primary storage(主存) or random access memory (RAM)(随机存取存储器), holds(保存) data and program instructions(指令) for processing the data. It also holds the processed information before it is output. Memory is sometimes referred to as temporary(暂时的) storage because its contents will typically be lost if the electrical power to the computer is disrupted(消失).系统单元：系统单元是一个装满许多电子组件的容器，构成一个计算机系统。

CHAPTER 11、A common term that describes the combination of traditional computer and communication technologies isb. information technology一个描述了传统的计算机和通信技术结合的常见的术语B.信息技术2、Procedures are typically documented in manuals written byb. computer specialists程序一般是___在手册撰写记录的B.计算机专家3、Which of the following is an example of connectivity?a. Internet下列哪一项是连接的一个例子吗？A.互联网4、Windows XP, windows Vista, and Macintosh OS X are all examples ofb. operating systemsWindows XP，Windows Vista，和Macintosh OS X都是__的例子B.操作系统5、Because of their size and cost, these computers are relatively rare.d. supercomputers由于它们的尺寸和成本，这些电脑是比较少见的。

D.超级计算机6、The system component that controls and manipulates data in order to produce information is called thed. microprocessor系统组成，控制和操纵数据来产生信息称为D.微处理器7、A system component that translates data and programs that humanscan understand into a form that the computer can process is called a(n)c. output device一个系统组件，将人类可以理解成计算机能够处理的形式的数据和程序被称为C.输出设备8、A CD is an example of a(n)c. optical discCD是___的简称C.光盘9、If you want to communicate a message or persuade other people, you would typically use this type of software.d. presentation如果你想传达信息或说服别人，你通常会使用这种类型的软件。

计算机专业英语
4-7
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Tree 树
A tree is a non-empty set, one element of which is designated the root of the tree while the remaining elements are partitioned into nonempty sets each of which is a subtree of the root
Binary tree 二叉树: Each node has zero, one, or
two children. This assertion makes many tree operations simple and efficient.
common use:
Manipulate hierarchical 层次型data Make information easy to search (see tree traversal and binary search tree)
计算机专业英语
4-3
An Introduction to Data Structures
Data comes in all shapes and sizes, but often it can be organized in the same way. For example, consider a list of things to do, a list of ingredients成份 a recipe处方 or a 成份in 处方, 成份 处方 reading list for a class. Although each contains a different type of data, they all contain data organized in a similar way: a list. A list is one simple example of a data structure. Of course, there are many other common ways to organize data as well. In computing, some of the most common organizations 链接表, 堆栈, 队列, 集合, are linked lists链接表 stacks堆栈 queues队列 sets集合 hash 链接表 堆栈 队列 集合 tables哈希表 trees树, heaps堆, and graphs图. Three reasons 哈希表, 哈希表 树 堆 图 for using data structures are efficiency效率 abstraction抽象性 效率, 抽象性, 效率 抽象性 and reusability复用性 复用性. 复用性

共10页KEY TERMS第一单元application software应用软件basic application基本应用软件communication device通信设备compact disc (CD)光盘computer competency计算机能力Connectivity连通性Data数据database file数据库文件desktop computer台式计算机device driver磁盘驱动程序digital versatile disc（DVD）数字多用途光盘digital video disc（DVD）数字多用途光盘document file文档文件end user终端用户floppy disk软盘handheld computer手持计算机hard disk硬盘Hardware硬件High definition高清Information信息information system信息系统information technology信息技术input device输入设备Internet因特网Keyboard键盘mainframe computer大型机Memory内存Microcomputer微型机Microprocessor微处理器midrange computer中型机Minicomputer小型计算机Modem调制解调器Monitor监视器Mouse鼠标Network网络notebook computer笔记本电脑operating system操作系统optical disk光盘output device输出设备palm computer掌上电脑Peoplepersonal digital assistant（PDA）个人数字助理presentation file演示文稿primary storage主存Printer打印机Procedure规程Program程序random access memory随机存储器secondary storage device辅存Software软件specialized application专门应用软件Supercomputer巨型机system software系统软件system unit系统单元tablet PC平板电脑Utility实用程序wireless revolution无线革命worksheet file工作表第三单元analytical graph分析图application software应用软件Autocontent Wizard内容提示向导basic applications基础应用软件bulleted list项目符号列表business suite商业套装软件Button按键Cell单元格character effect字效Chart图表Column列Computer trainer计算机培训员Contextual tab上下文标签Database数据库database management system (DBMS)数据库管理系统database manager数据库管理员Design template设计模板dialog box对话框Document文件Editing编辑Field字段find and replace查找和替换Font字体font size字号Form窗体Format格式Formula公式Function函数Galleries图库grammar checker语法检查器graphical user interface (GUI)图形用户界面home software家庭软件home suite家庭套装软件Icons图标integrated package集成组件Label标签master slide母板Menu菜单menu bar菜单栏numbered list编号列表numeric entry数值型输入personal software个人软件personal suite个人套装软件Pointer指针presentation graphic图形演示文稿productivity suite生产力套装软件Query查询Range范围Recalculation重算Record记录relational database关系型数据Report报表Ribbons功能区、格式栏Row行Sheet工作表Slide幻灯片software suite软件套装Sort排序specialized applications专用应用程序specialized suite专用套装软件speech recognition语音识别spelling checker拼写检查器spreadsheet电子表格system software系统软件Table表格text entry文本输入Thesaurus[θisɔ:rəs]分类词汇集Toolbar工具栏user interface用户界面utility suite实用套装软件what-if analysis变化分析Window窗口word processor文字处理软件word wrap字回行workbook file工作簿Worksheet工作表第四单元Animation动画artificial intelligence (AI)人工智能artificial reality虚拟现实audio editing software音频编辑软件bitmap image位图Blog博客Buttons按键clip art剪辑图Desktop publisher桌面发布desktop publishing program桌面印刷系统软件drawing program绘图程序expert systems专家系统Flash动画fuzzy logic模糊逻辑graphical map框图graphics suite集成图HTML editors HTML编辑器illustration program绘图程序Image editors图像编辑器image gallery图库immersive experience沉浸式体验industrial robots工业机器人Interactivity交互性knowledge bases知识库knowledge-based system知识库系统Link链接mobile robot移动式遥控装置Morphing渐变Multimedia多媒体multimedia authoring programs多媒体编辑程序page layout program页面布局程序perception systems robot感知系统机器人Photo editors图像编辑器Pixel[piksəl]像素raster image光栅图像Robot机器人Robotics机器人学stock photographs照片库story boards故事版Vector[vektə]矢量vector illustration矢量图vector image矢量图象video editing software视频编辑软件virtual environments虚拟环境virtual reality虚拟现实virtual reality modeling language (VRML)虚拟现实建模语言virtual reality wall虚拟现实墙VR虚拟现实Web authoring网络编程Web authoring program网络编辑程序Web log网络日志Web page editor网页编辑器第五单元Add Printer Wizard添加打印机向导Antivirus program反病毒程序Backup备份backup program备份程序Booting启动、引导cold boot冷启动computer support specialist计算机支持专家Dashboard widgets仪表盘Desktop桌面desktop operating system桌面操作系统device driver磁盘驱动程序diagnostic program诊断程序dialog box对话框Disk Cleanup磁盘清理Disk Defragmenter磁盘碎片整理器Driver驱动器embedded operating systems嵌入式操作系统File文件file compression program文件压缩程序Folder文件夹Fragmented碎片化graphical user interface (GUI)图形用户界面Help帮助Icon图标language translator语言编译器leopard[lepəd]雪豹操作系统LinuxMac OS Mac操作系统Mac OS XMenu菜单Multitasking多任务处理network operating systems(NOS)网络操作系统network server网络服务器One Button Checkup一键修复operating system操作系统Platform平台Pointer指针Sectors[sektə]扇区software environment软件环境Spotlight聚光灯stand-alone operating system独立操作系统system software系统软件Tiger老虎操作系统Tracks磁道troubleshooting program故障检修程序Uninstall program卸载程序UNIXuser interface用户界面Utility实用程序utility suite实用套装软件Virus[vaiərəs]病毒warm boot热启动Window视窗Windows视窗操作系统Windows Update Windows更新Windows VistaWindows XP第六单元AC adapter 交流适配器Accelerated graphics port(AGP):图形加速端口Arithmetic-logic unit（ALU）:算术逻辑单元Arithmetic operation:算术运算ASCII美国标准信息交换码Binary coding schemes:二进制编码制Bit:位Bus:总线Bus line:总线Byte:字节Cable:电缆Cache memory:高速缓存carrier package 封装物Central processing unit (CPU):中央处理器Chip:芯片Clock speed时钟速度Complementary metal-oxide semiconductor:互补金属氧化物半导体Computer technician计算机工程师Control unit:控制单元Coprocessor协处理器Desktop system unit:桌面系统单元Digital数字的Dual-core chips双核芯片EBCDIC:扩展二进制编码的十进制交换码Expansion bus扩展总线Expansion card扩展卡Expansion slot扩展槽FireWire port:火线接口Flash memory闪存Graphics card图形适配卡Graphics coprocessor图形协处理器Handheld computer system unit 手持计算机系统单元Industry standard architecture （ISA）工业标准结构Infrared Data Association（IrDA）红外线传输模组Integrated circuit:集成电路Laptop computer膝式计算机Logical operation逻辑运算Microprocessor:微处理器Motherboard:主板Musical instrument digital interface （MIDI）乐器数字接口Network adapter card网络适配卡Network interface card（NIC）网络接口卡Notebook system unit:笔记本Parallel ports:并行端口Parallel processing并行处理Pc card: :个人计算机插卡PCI Express（PCIe）Peripheral component interconnect (PCI):外围部件互联Personal digital assistant (PDA) 个人数字助理Plug and play:即插即用Port:端口Power supply unit 供电设备Processor:处理器RAM cache: RAM高速缓存Random-access memory (RAM):随机存储器Read-only memory (ROM):只读存储器RFID tag射频识别标签Semiconductor:半导体serial ATA（SATA）串行ATA接口规范Serial ports:串行端口Silicon chip:硅芯片Slot:插槽Smart card:智能卡sound card声卡System board:系统板System cabinet:主机System clock:系统时钟System unit:系统单元tablet PC平板式电脑tablet PC system unit平板式电脑系统单元TV tuner card:电视调频卡Unicode:统一字符编码标准Universal serial bus (USB):通用串行总线Universal serial bus (USB) port:通用串行总线端口Virtual memory:虚拟存储器Word:字第七单元active-matrix monitor有源矩阵显示器bar code条形码bar code reader条形码阅读器cathode ray tube monitor (CRT)阴极射线管显示器Clarity清晰度combination key组合键cordless mouse无线鼠标data projector数据投影仪digital camera数码照相机Digital media player数字媒体播放器Digital music player数码音乐播放器digital video camera数码影像摄录机dot pitch点距dot-matrix printer针式打印机dots-per-inch (dpi)点每英寸dual-scan monitor双向扫描显示器dumb terminal哑终端e-book电子图书阅读器ergonomic keyboard人体工程学键盘Fax machine传真机flat-panel monitor平面显示器Flatbed scanner平板扫描仪flexible keyboard可变形键盘handwriting recognition software手写识别软件Headphones耳机high-definition television (HDTV)高清电视ink-jet printer喷墨打印机intelligent terminal智能终端Internet telephone网络电话Internet telephony网络电话IP Telephony IP电话Joystick游戏杆Keyboard键盘laser printer激光打印机light pen光笔Liquid crystal display（LCD）液晶显示器Magnetic card reader磁卡阅读器magnetic-ink character recognition (MICR)磁性墨水字符识别mechanical mouse机械鼠标Monitor显示器Mouse鼠标mouse pointer鼠标指针multifunction device (MFD)多功能设备network terminal网络终端numeric keypad数字小键盘optical-character recognition (OCR)光学字符识别optical-mark recognition (OMR)光学标记识别optical mouse光电鼠标Optical scanner光电扫描仪passive-matrix monitor无源矩阵显示器PDA keyboard PDA键盘personal laser printer个人激光打印机photo printer照片打印机picture elements 有效像素Pixel像素Pixel pitch像素间距platform scanner平版式扫描仪Plotter绘图仪pointing stick触控点portable printer便携式打印机portable scanner便携式扫描仪Printer打印机Radio frequency card reader射频卡阅读器Radio frequency identification （RFID）射频识别refresh rate刷新率Resolution分辨率roller ball滚动球shared laser printer共享激光打印机Speakers扬声器Stylus[stailəs]输入笔Technical writer技术文档编写员telephony[tilefəni]电话Terminal终端thermal printer[θə:məl]热敏打印机thin client瘦客户端thin film transistor monitor (TFT)薄膜晶体管显示器toggle key[tɔɡl]切换键touch pad触控板touch screen触摸屏Trackball轨迹球traditional keyboard传统键盘Universal Product Code (UPC)同一产品编码voice-over IP (VoIP)网络电话voice recognition system语音识别系统wand reader棒式阅读器WebCam摄像头wheel button滚动键wireless keyboard无线键盘wireless mouse无线鼠标第八单元access speed存取速度Blu-Ray（BD）蓝光Capacity容量CD (compact disc)光盘CD-R (CD-recordable)可录式CDCD-ROM (compact disc-read only memory)光盘库CD-RW (compact disc rewritable)可重写CDCylinder[silində]柱面Density密度direct access直接存取disk caching磁盘缓存DVD(digital versatile disc or digital video disc)DVD player DVD播放器DVD- R (DVD recordable)可录式DVDDVD +R (DVD recordable)可录式DVDDVD-RAM(DVD random-access memory)DVD随机存取器DVD-ROM(DVD random-read-only memory)DVD只读存储器DVD-ROM jukeboxDVD-RW (DVD rewritable)可重写DVD Enterprise storage system企业存储系统erasable optical disk可擦光盘file compression文件压缩file decompression文件解压缩File server文件服务器flash memory card闪存卡floppy disk软盘Floppy disk cartridge软盘盒floppy disk drive (FDD)软磁盘驱动器hard disk硬盘hard-disk cartridge硬盘盒hard-disk pack硬盘组HD DVD(high-definition DVD)高清DVDhead crash磁头碰撞Hi def(high definition)高清high capacity disk高容量磁盘internal hard disk内置硬盘Internet hard drive网络硬盘驱动器Label标签Land平地magnetic tape磁带magnetic tape reel磁带盒magnetic tape streamer磁带条Media多媒体optical disk光盘optical disk drive光盘驱动器Organizational Internet storage组织性网络存储PC Card hard disk PC卡硬盘Pit坑primary storage主存RAID system磁碟阵列系统Redundant array of inexpensive disks(RAID)廉价磁盘冗余阵列secondary storage辅存Sector扇区sequential access顺序存取Shutter滑盖Software engineer软件工程师solid-state storage固态存储器storage devices存储装置tape cartridge盒式带Track轨道USB drive USB驱动器write-protection notch写入保护缺口第九单元3G cellular networkanalog signal 模拟信号asymmetric digital subscriber（ADSL）非对称数字用户线路Backbone中枢Bandwidth带宽base station基址bits per second位/秒Bluetooth 蓝牙Broadband宽带broadcast radio无线广播Bus总线bus network总线网络cable modem电缆调制解调器cellular service无线服务Client 客户client/server network system客户/服务网络系统coaxial cable同轴电缆communication channel 信道communication system 通信系统computer network计算机网络Connectivity连通性Demodulation 解调dial-up service拨号服务digital signal数字信号digital subscriber line (DSL)数字用户线路distributed data processing分布式数据处理系统distributed processing分布处理domain name server (DNS)域名服务Ethernet以太网external modem外置调制解调器Extranet外联网fiber-optic cable 光纤电缆Firewall防火墙global positioning system (GPS)全球卫星定位系统hierarchical network树型网络home network家庭网络host computer主机Hub集线器Infrared红外线internal modem 内置式调制解调器Intranet内联网IP address (Internet Protocol address)IP地址local area network (LAN)局域网low bandwidth低频带宽medium band 中频波段metropolitan area network (MAN) 城域网Microwave微波Modem调制解调器Modulation调制network administrator网络管理员network architecture网络体系结构network gateway 网关network hub 网络集线器network interface card (NIC)网络接口卡network operating system (NOS)网络操作系统Node 节点Packet 数据包PC card modem PC卡调制解调器peer-to-peer network system 对等网络系统Polling 轮流检测Protocol协议proxy server代理服务器ring network环型网络Satellite卫星satellite/air connection service卫星互连服务Server服务器star network 星型网络Strategy策略T1, T2, T3, T4 linestelephone line电话线terminal network 终端网络time-sharing system并发式系统Topology拓扑结构transfer rate传输率TCP/IP (transmission control protocol/Internet protocol)传输控制协议/因特网协议voiceband声音带宽wide area network (WAN)广域网Wi-FI (wireless fidelity)无限保真wireless LAN (WLAN)无线局域网wireless modem无线调制解调器wireless receiver无线接收器。

Crossword Puzzle Answers:Open Ended Questions:1.Explain the five parts of an information system. What part do people play in this system?a.People: making people, or end users more productive.Procedures: The rules or guidelines for people to follow when using software,hardware, and data are procedures.Software: A program consists of the step-by-step instructions that tell thecomputer how to do its work. The purpose of software is to convert data(unprocessed facts) into information (processed facts).Hardware: The equipment that processes the data to create information is calledhardware.Data: The raw, unprocessed facts, including text, numbers, images, and sounds,are called data.b.People are surely the most important part of any information system. Our livesare touched every day by computers and information systems.2.What is system software? What kinds of programs are included in system software?a.System software enables the application software to interact with the computerhardware. System software is “background” software that helps the computermanage its own internal resources.b.It consists of operating systems, utilities, and device drivers.3.Define and compare basic and specialized application software. Describe some differenttypes of basic applications. Describe some types of specialized applications.a.Basic applications, or general-purpose applications, are widely used in nearly allcareer areas. They are the kinds of programs you have to know to be consideredcomputer competent. One of these basic applications is a browser to navigate,explore, and find information on the Internet.b.Specialized applications, also known as special-purpose applications, includethousands of other programs that are more narrowly focused on specificdisciplines and occupations. Some of the best known are graphics, audio, video,multimedia, Web authoring, and artificial intelligence programs.4.Describe the different types of computers. What is the most common type? What are thetypes of microcomputers?a.There are four types of computers: supercomputers, mainframe, computers,minicomputers, and microcomputers.b.Microcomputers are the most widely used and fastest-growing, type of computer.(10)c.There are four types of microcomputers: desktop, notebook, tablet PC, andhandheld computers.5.What is connectivity? How are the wireless revolution and connectivity related? What isa computer network? What is the Internet? What is the Web?a.Connectivity is the capability of your microcomputer to share information withother computers.b.The single most dramatic change in connectivity in the past five years has beenthe widespread use of mobile or wireless communication devices. These wirelessapplications are just the beginning of the wireless revolution, a revolution that isexpected to dramatically affect the way we communicate and use computertechnology.c. A computer network is a communications system connecting two or morecomputers.d.The largest network in the world is the Internet. It is like a giant highway thatconnects you to millions of other people and organizations located throughout theworld.e.The Web, also known as the World Wide Web or WWW, provides a multimediainterface to the numerous resources available on the InternetTopics covered in End of Chapter materials Page 6of 6。