英国政治制度
- 格式:doc
- 大小:64.00 KB
- 文档页数:15
英国政治制度
国会
君主
上议院
下议院
内阁
国会议员
宗教领袖
世袭贵族
终身贵族
保守党
工党
自由民主党
徽标
Parliament
Sovereign
the House of Lords
the House of mons
the Cabinet
MPs (Members of Parliament)
religious leaders
hereditary peers
life peers
the Conservative Party
the Labor Party
the Liberal Democratic Party
Emblem
The British Government
Constitutional monarchy (君主立宪制)
The Monarch reigns but doesn't rule.
The rights of the Monarchy, as formality and historical legacy,
are strictly restricted by a set of laws
Power:
the Crown (non-democratic) →aristocratic Lords → the House
of mons (with a powerful Prime Minister)
A process of democracy:
political party →extension of the universal franchise →the
development of local government and devolution
The Constitution
a set of rules and conventions
No Written constitution
Multiple documents:
Statute law (成文法);
mon laws;
Conventions Ancient documents
European Union law
The European Convention on Human Rights
Characteristics:
Constitutional Monarchy
Parliamentary sovereignty (parliamentary authority
unlimited)
Representative democracy
The rule of law (people are subject to law, not to the will
of governors
The Monarchy
The King/Queen (ceremonial duties; signing papers)
Legislative:
Summon, or dissolve Parliament
Give Royal Assent to bills
Judicial
Pardon赦免
Personal Immunity豁免 (not the Crown)
Executive
Confer peerages and knighthoods
Appoint important government positions (government, military,
Church) on the advice of the PM
Foreign affairs
Listens to PM and others’ reports
Cultural: national unity, morality and continuity of history
Symbolic functions: “Britishness” of Britain
Ceremonies
Parliament
The supreme legislative body
Three parts: the Crown, the House of Lords, the House of mons
Functions
Law-making (create, abolish, amend)
Vote the taxation
Determine revenue and expenditure of government
Examine government policies and administration Debate major political issues of the day
Each parliament fives years (one session a year )(October or
November)
Prime Minister’s Questions (Every Wednesday) (首相质询)
the State Opening of Parliament (议会开幕)
The “Queen’s Speech” by the Government to Parliemant
House of Lords (the Upper House)
Lords Spiritual (神职贵族):religious leaders (archbishop 大主教 and bishop 主教)
Lords Temporal (世俗贵族):hereditary peers and life peers
Law Lords
Nobel titles: duke (公), marquis(侯), earl/count(伯),
viscount(子), baron(男)
Lord Chancellor (the most important official in the legal
system of England and Wales. He is also the speaker of the House
of Lords and an important member of the UK government )大法官,上议院议长
Power much reduced:
a place of discussion and debate
delay the passage of bills approved by the mons up to a year
the highest court of appeal
House of mons (the Lower House)
650 seats (England 523, Scotland 72, Wales 38, Northern
Ireland 17)
MPs: elected by people of their constituencies ( 选区) in a
general election (大选)
Prime Minister (leader of the party with the majority of seats)
and the Cabinet
The Leader of the Opposition (the head of the largest defeated
party) and the Shadow Cabinet
The government (Party) and the Opposition (Party)
What do MPs do
Questions time (government ministers)
From a motion to a bill to an Act (3 readings) on a topic, proposal or motion);
from motion to a bill (first reading),
to amended and improved version of the bill (2nd reading)
Improve the wording
Third reading
Goes to Upper House
Goes to Monarch
An act of Parliament (law)
Government
Unitary government (单一制)
Three tiers of governments
– Central government
(Local government)
– County government (shires)
– District government (cities, boroughs自治市, towns)
Central Government
His (or Her) Majesty’s Government
Prime Minister: tremendous power
presiding over the Cabinet