英国政治制度

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英国政治制度

国会

君主

上议院

下议院

内阁

国会议员

宗教领袖

世袭贵族

终身贵族

保守党

工党

自由民主党

徽标

Parliament

Sovereign

the House of Lords

the House of mons

the Cabinet

MPs (Members of Parliament)

religious leaders

hereditary peers

life peers

the Conservative Party

the Labor Party

the Liberal Democratic Party

Emblem

 The British Government

 Constitutional monarchy (君主立宪制)

 The Monarch reigns but doesn't rule.

 The rights of the Monarchy, as formality and historical legacy,

are strictly restricted by a set of laws

 Power:

the Crown (non-democratic) →aristocratic Lords → the House

of mons (with a powerful Prime Minister)

 A process of democracy:

political party →extension of the universal franchise →the

development of local government and devolution

 The Constitution

 a set of rules and conventions

 No Written constitution

 Multiple documents:

Statute law (成文法);

mon laws;

Conventions Ancient documents

European Union law

The European Convention on Human Rights

 Characteristics:

Constitutional Monarchy

Parliamentary sovereignty (parliamentary authority

unlimited)

Representative democracy

The rule of law (people are subject to law, not to the will

of governors

 The Monarchy

The King/Queen (ceremonial duties; signing papers)

 Legislative:

Summon, or dissolve Parliament

Give Royal Assent to bills

 Judicial

Pardon赦免

Personal Immunity豁免 (not the Crown)

 Executive

Confer peerages and knighthoods

Appoint important government positions (government, military,

Church) on the advice of the PM

 Foreign affairs

Listens to PM and others’ reports

 Cultural: national unity, morality and continuity of history

Symbolic functions: “Britishness” of Britain

Ceremonies

 Parliament

 The supreme legislative body

 Three parts: the Crown, the House of Lords, the House of mons

 Functions

Law-making (create, abolish, amend)

Vote the taxation

Determine revenue and expenditure of government

Examine government policies and administration Debate major political issues of the day

 Each parliament fives years (one session a year )(October or

November)

 Prime Minister’s Questions (Every Wednesday) (首相质询)

 the State Opening of Parliament (议会开幕)

The “Queen’s Speech” by the Government to Parliemant

 House of Lords (the Upper House)

 Lords Spiritual (神职贵族):religious leaders (archbishop 大主教 and bishop 主教)

 Lords Temporal (世俗贵族):hereditary peers and life peers

 Law Lords

 Nobel titles: duke (公), marquis(侯), earl/count(伯),

viscount(子), baron(男)

 Lord Chancellor (the most important official in the legal

system of England and Wales. He is also the speaker of the House

of Lords and an important member of the UK government )大法官,上议院议长

 Power much reduced:

a place of discussion and debate

delay the passage of bills approved by the mons up to a year

the highest court of appeal

 House of mons (the Lower House)

 650 seats (England 523, Scotland 72, Wales 38, Northern

Ireland 17)

 MPs: elected by people of their constituencies ( 选区) in a

general election (大选)

 Prime Minister (leader of the party with the majority of seats)

and the Cabinet

 The Leader of the Opposition (the head of the largest defeated

party) and the Shadow Cabinet

 The government (Party) and the Opposition (Party)

 What do MPs do

 Questions time (government ministers)

 From a motion to a bill to an Act (3 readings) on a topic, proposal or motion);

from motion to a bill (first reading),

to amended and improved version of the bill (2nd reading)

Improve the wording

Third reading

Goes to Upper House

Goes to Monarch

An act of Parliament (law)

 Government

 Unitary government (单一制)

Three tiers of governments

– Central government

(Local government)

– County government (shires)

– District government (cities, boroughs自治市, towns)

Central Government

 His (or Her) Majesty’s Government

 Prime Minister: tremendous power

presiding over the Cabinet