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综英2汉译英Unit 11.动物保护主义者强烈反对用动物做实验。
Disapprove ofAniamal conservation strongly disapprove of experimenting on animals.2.在馆长严厉的注视下，莎莉走进了博物馆。
SternSally walked into the museum underthe stern gaze of the curator.3.在广告行业干了一阵之后，吉姆去了一家大保险公司。
Spell After a spell in the advertising business,Jim began to work for a large insurance firm.4.周末期间估计有50,000人涌向伦敦观摩英联邦运动会的开幕式。
FloodIt was estimated that 50,000 people flooded into London over the weekend for the opening of the Commonwealth Games.5.他冲进了热闹的大街，混入人群中，希望那样警察就认不出他了。
Mingle withHe rushed into the busy street and mingled with the crowd,hoping in that way the police would not spot him.6.他蹑手蹑脚地从房间里走出来，以免吵醒她。
TiptoeHe tiptoed quietly out of the room so as not to wake her up.7.他买那幅油画是作为一种地位的象征，而并非对艺术有特别的兴趣。
StatusHe bought the painting as a status symbol,not because he was particularly interested in.8.吉姆一直很失望他的儿子不愿子从父业，接管农场。
00015英语二课文精讲讲义（6）Unit 6 The Value of Money(金钱的价值)一提到“金钱”，我的脑海中马上会浮现出很多有关金钱的英语谚语，如：Money is not everying, but without money, everying is nothing.钱不是万能的，但是没有钱是万万不能的。
Money makes the mare to go.有钱能使鬼推磨诸如此类的等等，可见金钱对于人们的重要，该如何花钱才最明智呢？Text A Teaching Children to Spend Pocket Money Wisely(教给孩子如何明智地使用零花钱)短文共6个段落，领读课文和单词！一：本课重点词汇讲解，学习1.allocate: v分配；名词：allocation如：I can never think quickly to allocate my time properly.2. formation: n 组成，形成；动词：form；若当做名词是形式的意思。
如：1). This article has analyzed the formation of crime psychology theoretically.2).Children should form good habits from the very beginning.3.opt: v选择，名词：option如：1).Opt for a walk in an air - conditioned mall on hot, humid days2).You will have to pay them; you have no option.4.constraint: n 限制，限定；动词constrain如：The boy felt constraint in her presence.5.budget: n预算；v谨慎花钱；如：It is essential to balance one's budget.6.indulge: v沉迷于...overindulge: v 过多地享用；形容词：indulgent；放纵的，纵容的；名词：indulgence如：1). He had been a strict father but was indulgent to his grandchildren.2). I never indulge children with plenty of pocket money.7.short-sighted: adj 目光短浅的，近视的；far-sighted有远见的，慎重的，远视的如：1).Only a short - sighted man will lose sight of the importance of education.2). the most far-sighted of politicians (最有远见的政治家)8.mentality:n心态，心理；同根词mental: adj精神的如： He has many years' experience of the criminal mentality.（他研究犯罪心理有多年经验）9.rationing:n定量配给；ration v限量供应如：1). We have to ration the water.2).Food rationing was abolished in that country long ago.10.unnecessarily: adv没有必要地；同根词：necessary:adj; unnecessary: adj;如：1). It’s very foolish of the commander to expose his men to unnecessary risks.2). It is necessary for us to drink enough water every day.11.differentiate: v区分（相当于distinguish）,同根词：different: adj; difference: n如：1). It’s improper to differentiate between pupils according to their family background.2).Children do not know by instinct the difference between right and wrong.12.resist: v抵挡，名词：resistance，一起学习 temptation: n 诱惑如：1). We anticipate that we will meet a certain amount of resistance to our plan.2). Most girls can’t resist the temptation of chocolates.二．课文重点短语，句子分析、讲解：1. Parents give pocket money to their children in different ways. Some give a lump sum at the beginning of a month or a week. Others prefer to give pocket money on a daily basis.译文：父母以不同的方式给孩子零花钱。
选择性必修第二册Unit 2Improvingyourself佳作抢鲜背学写作思路，背精彩范文(人与自然——历险脱困)简因与丈夫吵架后负气出走，在林中迷路，通过几次努力也没能找到回营地的路线。
太疲惫了，她不知不觉地睡着了……精彩范文It was daybreak when Jane woke up. Weak as she was，she struggled to her feet，continuing searching for assistance. To her great joy，a helicopter was flying overhead again and again.Eager and excited，she flagged her yellow blouse and spared no effort to yell so as to attract others’ attention.Fortunately, she was eventually noticed and brought into the helicopter.There，she saw her husband，a man staring at her ，wearing an expression of relief.As tightly as possible，she hugged him and was too thrilled to say anything.Besides，they agreed never to quarrel again，determining to live the life to the fullest.学习借鉴1.富有感染力的形容词/副词/词组fortunately，eventually，as tightly as possible，was too thrilled to，to the fullest2.精彩的动词和词组：struggled to her feet，flagged，spared no effort to，attract others’ attention，staring at3.提分高级句式(1)倒装句：Weak as she was，...(2)现在分词短语作伴随状语①continuing searching for assistance②wearing an expression of relief③determining to live the life...(3)形容词短语作状语：Eager and excited，...1.switch v.(用开关)改变，转换(swap) n.开关；转换以练促学猜测词义/单句语法填空/完成句子①There was something wrong with the switch and I got a shock.____________②Electronic timers automatically switch ____________ the lights when it gets dark.③He _____________________________________________________________the instant he heard someone knocking at the door.他一听到有人敲门就关掉了电脑。
机械化英语翻译法-———钟平老师基础版听课笔记简介：本方法主要是运用数学的逻辑思维，将长难句进行划分层次,然后运用所总结的公式进行翻译。
如果真正掌握后可以让语法近乎白痴的人在以后不会碰到翻译不了的句子,但切记:词汇是一切的根本。
一、英语之基本规则主干先行（主、谓、宾)，废话后置（定、状）二、主干的确定构成一句话的主要条件是：主语+谓语1〉谓语：a.划出所有动词;b.排除具有下列条件的动词:从句中的、句首状语、前面无助动词的分词、to do形式（谓语+to do除外，因为它整体作谓语）、活用的动词（如动词当名词用）* 单词的活用能通过运用简单词,让写出来的句子收到意想不到的效果。
例:Chinese economy is bettering!（中国的经济越来越好）You were，are and will be in my heart。
(你永远在我心中）2> 主语：a。
句首的第一个名词性结构；b.第一个谓语前的第一个名词性结构.名词性结构：名词、代词、动名词、动词不定式、从句、It+……+从句/to do;非名词性结构：介词短语中的名词性结构、从句中的名词性结构。
3〉宾语：每个谓语后面的名词性结构。
三、复杂英文模式之计算公式：［状语]+主语+(定语)+谓语+[小状语］+宾语+｛定语或状语}例：[Although not so world widely accepted],people (who are emotionally weak in daily business) are ［often］ losers ｛who are not able to fulfil any fruitful achievements in their lifetime that they endure}。
子公式（无宾语模式)：［状语］+主语+（定语)+谓语+[小状语］＊宾语后一般都是定语，除非一开始就有表示状语的概念(如程度、方式、目的、结果、原因等)四、定状的汉化（核心）1> 前提：分别划出各定状层次，包括:a.分词结构b。
卓越考研内部资料（绝密）卓而优越则成卓越考研教研组汇编卓越考研翻译讲义一、英译汉评分细则(一) 评分原则1. 五个翻译试题每题2分，总分10分。
2. 如果一道题只译出部分词语，或整句译错，部分词语译对，给分最多不超过0.5分。
3. 如果考生就一个题目提供了两个或两个以上的译法，并且都译对了，给满分；如果其中一个译法有错，应根据错误的严重性进行扣分，但扣分不超过1分。
4. 中文错别字不个别扣分，按整篇累计扣分。
在不影响意思的前提下，满三个错别字扣0.5分，无0.25扣分。
(二) 评分细则各句的分数段及实例如下：2008年考题：46. He believes that this very difficulty may have had the compensating advantage //0.5分of forcing him to think long and intently about every sentence, //0.5分and thus enabling him to detect errors // in reasoning and in his own observations.0.5分0.5分参考答案：他认为或许正因为(语言表达上的) 这种困难，他不得不对自己要说的每句话都经过长时间的认真思考，从而能发现自己在推理和观察中的错误，结果这反而成为他的优点。
可接受的译法不可接受的译法1. Compensating advantage译成：弥补性的优势；通过其它好处得到了补偿；弥补了这一点，使他具有一些优势；为他带来了补偿性的优势；(这方面的困难)会在另一方面得到补偿2. Think long and intently译成：深思熟虑；更持久和专心地思考；认真长久的思考1. Compensating advantage译成：正是对这个困难的补偿，他才拥有了一个优势；正好是补偿了他的优点2. forcing him to think long and intently about every sentence译成：让他去想一些很长的语句是一件非常困难的事情3. Thus enabling him to detect errors in reasoning and in his own observation译成：从而，在推理和自己的观察中增强发现错误的能力(逻辑和意思扭曲) ；因此使得他合理地以及用他自己的观察来检测错误；使他合理地和按自己的方式去检查错误；用自己的推理和自己的观察察觉到句子的错误4. Reasoning译成：原因解释；追查原因整句实例：例1. 他相信他在这方面的困难(清楚而准确地表达自己) 会在另一方面得到补偿，那就是这会使他更长时间更专注地思考每一个句子，从而让他能够发现推理和他自己观察中的错误。
北京领航--钟平--英汉机械化翻译公式机械化英语翻译法————领航钟平老师基础版听课笔记（钟平上周末来南昌高校讲座）简介：本方法主要是运用数学的逻辑思维，将长难句进行划分层次，然后运用所总结的公式进行翻译。
如果真正掌握后可以让语法近乎白痴的人在以后不会碰到翻译不了的句子，但切记：词汇是一切的根本。
一、英语之基本规则主干先行(主、谓、宾)，废话后置(定、状)二、主干的确定构成一句话的主要条件是：主语+谓语1> 谓语：a.划出所有动词；b.排除具有下列条件的动词：从句中的、句首状语、前面无助动词的分词、to do形式（谓语+to do除外，因为它整体作谓语）、活用的动词（如动词当名词用）* 单词的活用能通过运用简单词，让写出来的句子收到意想不到的效果。
例：Chinese economy is bettering!(中国的经济越来越好）You were,are and will be in my heart.(你永远在我心中）2> 主语：a.句首的第一个名词性结构；b.第一个谓语前的第一个名词性结构。
名词性结构：名词、代词、动名词、动词不定式、从句、It+……+从句/to do;非名词性结构：介词短语中的名词性结构、从句中的名词性结构。
3> 宾语：每个谓语后面的名词性结构。
三、复杂英文模式之计算公式：[状语]+主语+(定语)+谓语+[小状语]+宾语+{定语或状语}例：[Although not so world widely accepted],people (who are emotionally weak in daily business) are [often] losers {who are not able to fulfil any fruitful achievements in their lifetime that they endure}.子公式(无宾语模式)：[状语]+主语+(定语)+谓语+[小状语]* 宾语后一般都是定语，除非一开始就有表示状语的概念（如程度、方式、目的、结果、原因等）四、定状的汉化（核心）1> 前提：分别划出各定状层次，包括：a.分词结构b.从句c.介词短语。
Although not so world widely accepted, people who are emotionally weak in daily business are often losers who are not able to fulfill any fruitful achievements in their lifetime that they endure.Science developed as an autonomous method of intellectual inquiry that successfully disengaged itself from the social constrains of organized religion and from the political constrains of the centralized modern authority.Thus, in the American economic system it is the demand of individual consumers, coupled with the desire of businessmen to maximize profits and the desire of individuals to maximize their incomes, that together determine what shall be produced and how resources are used to produce it.Such large, impersonal manipulation of capital and industry greatly increased the numbers and importance of shareholders as a class, an element in national life representing irresponsible wealth detached from the land and the duties of the landowners: and almost equally detached from the responsible management of business.Private businessmen. striving to make profits, produce these goods andservices in competition with other businessmen; and the profit motive, operating under competitive pressures, largely determines how these goods and services are produced.Under a system deployed on the white house website for the first time at last time, those who want to send a message to President Bush must now navigate as many as nine web pages and fill out a detailed form that starts by asking whether the sender of the message supports the white house policy or differs with it.These comments, whether accepted, clarified the norms and requirements of the covenant which was already in power in practice and enabled the committee to make a significant contribution to the justice promotion in a particular right or issue, while other article has failed to function as has been expected in those meetings which was held with great hope.The American economic system is organized around a basicallyprivate-enterprise, market-oriented economy in which consumers largely determine what shall be produced by spending their money in the marketplace for those goods and services that they want most.Until these issues are resolved, a technology of behavior will continue to be rejected, and with it possibly the only way to solve our problems.The method of scientific investigation is nothing but the expression of the necessary mode of working of the human mind and it is simply the mode by which all phenomena are reasoned about and given precise and exact explanation.Science moves forward，they say，not so much through the insights of great men of genius as because of more ordinary things like improved techniques and tools.In short，a leader of the new school contends，the scientific revolution，as we call it，was largely the improvement and invention and use of a series of instruments that expanded the reach of science in innumerable directions.Over the years，tools and technology themselves as a source of fundamental innovation have largely been ignored by historians and philosophers of science.Whether the Government should increase the financing of pure science at the expense of technology or vice versa（反之）often depends on the issue of which is seen as the driving force.How well the predictions will be validated by later performance depends upon the amount，reliability，and appropriateness of the information used and on the skill and wisdom with which it is interpreted.Interest in historical methods has arisen less through external challenge to the validity of history as an intellectual discipline and more from internal quarrels among historians themselves.During this transfer，traditional historical methods were augmented by additional methodologies designed to interpret the new forms of evidence in the historical study.Under modern conditions，this requires varying measures of centralized control and hence the help of specialized scientists such as economists and operational research experts.In the early industrialized countries of Europe the process of industrialization—with all the farreaching changes in social patterns that followed—was spread over nearly a century，whereas nowadays a developing nation may undergo the same process in a decade or so.The role of natural selection in evolution was formulated only a little more than a hundred years ago, and the selective role of the environment in shaping and maintaining the behavior of the individual is only beginning to be recognized and studied.Social science is that branch of intellectual enquiry which seeks to study humans and their endeavors in the same reasoned, orderly, systematic, and dispassioned manner that natural scientists use for the study of natural phenomena.The emphasis on data gathered first-hand, combined with across-cultural perspective brought to the analysis of cultures past and present, makes this study a unique and distinctly important social science. Tylor defined culture as “… that complex whole which includes belief, art, morals, law, custom, and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society.”Being interested in the relationship of the language and thought，Whorf developed the idea that the structure of the language determines the structure of habitual thought in a societyWhorf came to believe in a sort of linguistic determinism which，in its strongest from，states that language imprisons the mind，and that the grammatical patterns in a language can produce farreaching consequences for the culture of a societyI shall define him as an individual who has elected as his primary duty and pleasure in life the activity of thinking in Socratic(苏格拉底) way about moral problems .Traditionally, legal learning has been viewed in such institutions as the special preserve of lawyers rather than a necessary part of the intellectual equipment of an educated person.In fact, it is difficult to see how journalists who do not have a clear grasp of the basic features of the Canadian Constitution can do a competent job on political stories.he believes that this very difficulty may have had the compensating advantage of forcing him to think long and intently about every sentence, and thus enabling him to detect errors in reasoning and in his own observations.It may be said that the measure of the worth of any social institution is its effect in enlarging and improving experience ; but this effect is not a part of its original motive。
新英语2蝴蝶梦1华夏大地教育网英语二重点班的同学们，大家好！我是华夏大地教育网英语一精讲和英语二重点班的辅导老师高伟。
欢迎大家来到华夏大地重点班英语2的辅导课堂。
为了帮助大家能在新版英语2考试中顺利通过，华夏大地教育网在此构建了英语2重点班的学习辅导活动。
在听取重点班的讲解之前，我希望大家能对教材内容有一个较为清晰的认识，做到熟悉文章内容。
在每期重点班里，讲解内容分为两个部分：1、对教材每一课需要大家注意的重点词汇和词组做一个详细的回顾；2、实战演练，针对新版英语2考试题型，在解题思路上做一个明确的阐述。
重点班每次上课的时间为一个半小时，要求大家在听讲解的过程中仔细体会讲义中的精华。
同时对于每次提前给大家留的讲义作业版，要求大家在上课前主动地去思考、完成。
只有你找到了在做题时与老师的分析方法不同之处，才会明白英语考试并非如大家想像得那么困难，同时也可以结合自己的一些优势不断更新符合自身的解题方法。
可以说，无论是旧版亦或是新版英语2的考试，词汇是基础，只有在掌握了一定的词汇量后，才能更透彻地理解讲义的内涵，才能在考试中透彻地理解阅读中遇到问题的真伪性，从容地的做出选择。
同时，要有效地控制做题的时间。
当然，我更希望大家都能以一种快乐、沉稳的心态应对考试。
让我们向快乐出发！圆新英语2蝴蝶梦！第一单元A1.apply to：“应用，使用”，注意其他短语apply for：“申请”，同源词application。
2.put forth：“提出，产生”，关注与put形成固定搭配的其他词汇，如put down,put on, put out, put off, etc.。
3.seek to：注意短语搭配，关注seek out。
4.statement：同源词state。
5.active：同源词actively, activity, inactive, inactively。
6.involve：短语搭配involve in：“牵涉到，卷入”，同源词involvement。
仔细阅读说明该笔记请结合视频观看，笔记已经标出哪些内容适合英语1或者英语2适用。
视频讲解是先从大作文第二段开始讲解，然后第一段讲解，接着第三段，最后第四段。
笔记难免有未到位之处还请以视频为主。
该笔记第二段和第三段、第四段的内容讲解适合英语2的同学，英语1整个笔记都适用。
英语2的同学第一段请看补充的视频，时间仅37分钟。
A、第二段：英语一和英语二均适用S1、原因段——共5句1、数据写法：in accordance with the most updated statistics conducted by Newsweek, a famous newspaper concerned with public health in america, smoking is the biggest killer today for us, causing over 3 million lives a year.2、理论写法：based on the most widely accepted theory concerning public health and smoking by professor Alexsandra Coffman, a leading expert in the research of health, smoking is causing huge disater for human beings today.3、伦理写法：①respecting the old was, is and will be a cherished value for every chinese②respecting the old was, is and will be a cherished value for every chinese, old or young, rich or poor, son or daughter.③Miss Gao句型n, n+从1，n2+从2，n3+从3，+原句Miss Gao, a teacher who taught me english when i was in school; a friend who helped me a lot when i was in trouble; a lady who is always nice to her students, died now.S2、实践中的好处和坏处①smoking is like openning a pandora box, causing tremendous harm for everyone, old or young, rich or poor,men or woman.潘多拉②it will hurt not only your health but the environment as well.③smoking will bring so many harms, in which hurting your health is only a tip of an iceberg.冰山一角④playing cards may seem funny, yet it is nothing but a blessing in disguise 斗地主smoking is the last thing a young person shoud do.⑤the negative effect that smoking may bring is never a flash in pan, but long-lasting and far-reaching. 昙花一现⑥if a young person get addicted to smoking, he will be trapped in the shell of his own making. 作茧自缚⑦if a young person falls into smoking, it will become the waterloo of his life.滑铁卢（象征失败）省略句用于具体化，一定用被动写⑧smoking will bring so many harms, in which hurting your health is only a tip of an iceberg. With years of smoking, your physical health will be damaged, and with it your ability to focus in study.⑨If somkingcan not be controlled,a better tomorrow will be nothing but Utopia.一个美好的明天将是一个幻象。
课程铸就品质服务感动学员Translation主讲老师：钟平句子翻译：Although not so world widely accepted, people who are emotionally weak in daily business are often losers who are not able to fulfill any fruitful achievements in their lifetime that they endure.Science developed as an autonomous method of intellectual inquiry that successfully disengaged itself from the social constrains of organized religion and from the political constrains of the centralized modern authority.Thus, in the American economic system it is the demand of individual consumers, coupled with the desire of businessmen to maximize profits and the desire of individuals to maximize their incomes, that together determine what shall be produced and how resources are used to produce it.Such large, impersonal manipulation of capital and industry greatly increased the numbers and importance of shareholders as a class, an element in national life representing irresponsible wealth detached from the land and the duties of the landowners: and almost equally detached from the responsible management of business.Private businessmen. striving to make profits, produce these goods and services in competition with other businessmen; and the profit motive, operating under competitive pressures, largely determines how these goods and services are produced.Under a system deployed on the white house website for the first time at last time, those who want to send a message to President Bush must now navigate as many as nine web pages and fill out a detailed form that starts by asking whether the sender of the message supports the white house policy or differs with it.These comments, whether accepted, clarified the norms and requirements of the covenant which was already in power in practice and enabled the committee to make a significant contribution to the justice promotion in a particular right or issue, while other article has failed to function as has been expected in those meetings which was held with great hope.The American economic system is organized around a basically private-enterprise, market-oriented economy in which consumers largely determine what shall be produced by spending their money in themarketplace for those goods and services that they want most.Until these issues are resolved, a technology of behavior will continue to be rejected, and with it possibly the only way to solve our problems.The method of scientific investigation is nothing but the expression of the necessary mode of working of the human mind and it is simply the mode by which all phenomena are reasoned about and given precise and exact explanation.Science moves forward，they say，not so much through the insights of great men of genius as because of more ordinary things like improved techniques and tools.In short，a leader of the new school contends，the scientific revolution，as we call it，was largely the improvement and invention and use of a series of instruments that expanded the reach of science in innumerable directions.Over the years，tools and technology themselves as a source of fundamental innovation have largely been ignored by historians and philosophers of science.Whether the Government should increase the financing of pure science at the expense of technology or vice versa（反之）often depends on the issue of which is seen as the driving force.How well the predictions will be validated by later performance depends upon the amount，reliability，and appropriateness of the information used and on the skill and wisdom with which it is interpreted.Interest in historical methods has arisen less through external challenge to the validity of history as an intellectual discipline and more from internal quarrels among historians themselves.During this transfer，traditional historical methods were augmented by additional methodologies designed to interpret the new forms of evidence in the historical study.Under modern conditions，this requires varying measures of centralized control and hence the help of specialized scientists such as economists and operational research experts.In the early industrialized countries of Europe the process of industrialization—with all the farreaching changes in social patterns that followed—was spread over nearly a century，whereas nowadays adeveloping nation may undergo the same process in a decade or so.The role of natural selection in evolution was formulated only a little more than a hundred years ago, and the selective role of the environment in shaping and maintaining the behavior of the individual is only beginning to be recognized and studied.Social science is that branch of intellectual enquiry which seeks to study humans and their endeavors in the same reasoned, orderly, systematic, and dispassioned manner that natural scientists use for the study of natural phenomena.The emphasis on data gathered first-hand, combined with across-cultural perspective brought to the analysis of cultures past and present, makes this study a unique and distinctly important social science. Tylor defined culture as “… that complex whole which includes belief, art, morals, law, custom, and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society.”Being interested in the relationship of the language and thought，Whorf developed the idea that the structure of the language determines the structure of habitual thought in a societyWhorf came to believe in a sort of linguistic determinism which，in its strongest from，states that language imprisons the mind，and that the grammatical patterns in a language can produce farreaching consequences for the culture of a societyI shall define him as an individual who has elected as his primary duty and pleasure in life the activity of thinking in Socratic(苏格拉底) way about moral problems .Traditionally, legal learning has been viewed in such institutions as the special preserve of lawyers rather than a necessary part of the intellectual equipment of an educated person.In fact, it is difficult to see how journalists who do not have a clear grasp of the basic features of the Canadian Constitution can do a competent job on political stories.He believes that this very difficulty may have had the compensating advantage of forcing him to think long and intently about every sentence, and thus enabling him to detect errors in reasoning and in his own observations.It may be said that the measure of the worth of any social institution is its effect in enlarging and improving experience ; but this effect is not a part of its original motive。
