第十一章 海事诉讼特别程序

最高人民法院关于印发《第二次全国涉外商事海事审判工作会议纪要》的通知文章属性•【制定机关】最高人民法院•【公布日期】2005.12.26•【文号】法发[2005]26号•【施行日期】2005.12.26•【效力等级】司法指导性文件•【时效性】现行有效•【主题分类】海事诉讼特别程序正文最高人民法院关于印发《第二次全国涉外商事海事审判工作会议纪要》的通知（法发[2005]26号）各省、自治区、直辖市高级人民法院，新疆维吾尔自治区高级人民法院生产建设兵团分院：现将《第二次全国涉外商事海事审判工作会议纪要》印发给你们，请遵照执行。

执行中有何问题，望及时报告我院。

二00五年十二月二十六日第二次全国涉外商事海事审判工作会议纪要为进一步贯彻“公正司法，一心为民”的方针，落实“公正与效率”工作主题，规范涉外商事海事司法行为，增强司法能力，提高司法水平，开创涉外商事海事审判工作新局面，最高人民法院于2005年11月15日至16日在江苏省南京市召开了第二次全国涉外商事海事审判工作会议。

各高级人民法院的分管院长、涉外商事海事审判部门的庭长、具有涉外商事审判管辖权的中级人民法院的分管院长、海事法院院长以及中央有关部门的代表共200人参加了会议。

最高人民法院院长肖扬发表了书面讲话，副院长万鄂湘到会讲话。

会议总结交流了2001年来涉外商事海事审判工作的经验，研究了审判实践中亟待解决的问题，讨论了进一步规范涉外商事海事审判工作，为改革开放和经贸、航运事业提供司法保障的措施。

会议达成以下共识，并形成纪要：一、关于案件管辖1．人民法院在审理国内商事纠纷案件过程中，因追加当事人而使得案件具有涉外因素的，属于涉外商事纠纷案件，应当按照《最高人民法院关于涉外民商事案件诉讼管辖若干问题的规定》确定案件的管辖。

当事人协议管辖不得违反前述规定。

无管辖权的人民法院不得受理涉外商事纠纷案件；已经受理的，应将案件移送有管辖权的人民法院审理。

2．涉及外资金融机构(包括外国独资银行、独资财务公司、合资银行、合资财务公司、外国银行分行)的商事纠纷案件，其诉讼管辖按照《最高人民法院关于涉外民商事案件诉讼管辖若干问题的规定》办理。

海商法课堂笔记授课教师：郭瑜第一章海商法概论 (5)一、海商法的概念和调整对象 (5)二、海商法的制度构成 (6)三、特点和性质 (6)（一）特点 (6)（二）海商法在法律体系中的地位 (6)四、海商法的历史发展 (7)五、海商法的法律渊源 (7)六、我国的海商法和海运经济 (8)第二章船舶与船员 (8)一、海商法上的船舶 (8)二、船舶物权 (9)（一）船舶登记 (9)（二）船舶抵押权（Ship Mortgage） (10)（三）船舶优先权（Maritime Lien） (10)（四）船舶留置权 (12)（五）受偿顺序 (12)三、船员 (12)第三章海上货物运输合同 (13)一、海上货物运输合同的概念和种类 (13)二、调整海上货物运输合同的法律 (13)三、承运人的义务和责任 (14)（一）承运人的法定义务 (15)（二）承运人的法定免责事由 (17)（三）承运人的责任限制 (19)（四）承运人的责任期间 (21)（五）实际承运人 (22)四、托运人的义务和责任 (23)五、货物交付 (23)（一）收货人的通知义务 (23)（二）货物检验 (24)（三）无人提货 (24)六、承运人的留置权 (24)大叔代课 (25)第四章提单法律制度 (26)一、提单的定义 (27)二、提单的业务流程 (27)（一）提单在海上货物运输中的流程 (27)（二）提单在国际货物买卖中的流程 (28)三、提单的种类 (28)（一）已装船提单和收货待运提单 (28)（二）记名提单、指示提单和不记名提单 (28)（三）清洁提单和不清洁提单 (28)（四）直达提单和转船提单 (29)（五）班轮提单和租船合同下的提单 (29)（六）其他特殊的提单 (29)四、提单的功能 (29)（一）货物收据功能 (29)（二）运输合同证明功能 (30)（三）交货凭证功能 (30)（四）关于提单功能的理论争议 (31)（五）使用提单的好处 (31)五、提单的签发、转让和注销 (32)（一）提单的签发 (32)（二）提单的转让 (32)（三）提单的注销 (32)六、提单的发展前景 (33)七、其他运输单据 (33)八、小结 (33)第五章租船合同 (34)一、租船合同简介 (34)（一）概念 (34)（二）分类 (34)二、定期租船合同下的权利义务 (35)（一）关于船舶 (35)（二）关于租金 (36)（三）合作完成运输任务 (37)三、航次租船合同下的权利义务 (38)（一）出租人提供船舶 (38)（二）出租人驾驶和管理船舶 (38)（三）关于运费支付 (39)（四）关于货物装卸 (39)四、光船租船合同的主要内容 (41)五、租船合同下的提单 (41)六、小结 (41)第六章船舶碰撞 (43)一、概念 (43)（一）船舶碰撞 (43)（二）其他概念 (43)二、关于船舶碰撞的国际公约 (44)三、国内法规范 (44)四、船舶碰撞的损害责任 (44)（一）双方无过失碰撞 (44)（二）单方过失碰撞 (44)（三）双方过失碰撞 (44)五、船舶损失的损害赔偿 (45)六、货物损失的赔偿计算 (45)七、船舶碰撞的责任承担 (45)八、引航员的责任 (46)第七章海难救助 (46)一、海难救助的构成要件 (46)二、救助方与被救助方的义务 (48)三、救助款项 (49)（一）救助报酬 (49)（二）特别补偿 (49)（三）人命救助者的酬金 (50)（四）救助款项的担保和支付 (51)四、救助合同 (51)第八章海事赔偿责任限制 (51)一、海事赔偿责任制度 (52)（一）概念 (52)（二）不同制度 (52)（三）法律规范 (52)二、我国海事赔偿责任限制制度的主要内容 (53)（一）限制性债权——责任人可以主张责任限制的债权 (53)（二）非限制性债权——责任人不能主张责任限制的债权 (53)（三）责任限制主体 (54)（四）责任限制的丧失 (54)（五）责任限额的计算 (55)（六）责任限制的基金 (57)（七）法律适用 (57)三、海事赔偿责任限制制度的发展 (57)第九章共同海损 (57)一、共同海损的概念和起源 (57)（一）概念 (58)（二）法律性质 (58)二、共同海损的成立要件 (58)三、约克—安特卫普规则与共同海损理算 (59)（一）理算规则 (59)（二）理算内容 (59)（三）理算特点 (60)四、共同海损与过失的关系 (60)第十章海上保险法 (61)一、海上保险法的一般问题 (61)（一）约束海上保险的法律规范 (61)（二）海上保险的概念和特点 (62)（三）海上保险的历史发展 (62)二、海上保险合同的订立、转让和解除 (63)（一）海上保险合同的订立 (63)（二）保险利益 (63)（三）告知义务 (64)（二）海上保险合同的转让 (65)（三）海上保险合同的解除 (65)三、海上保险合同的分类 (65)（一）航次保险和定期保险 (65)（二）定值保险和不定值保险 (66)（三）足额和不足额保险 (66)（四）船舶险和货物险和其他险 (66)四、保险合同的内容 (66)（一）几种保险合同范本 (66)（二）保险合同基本条款 (66)（三）承保风险 (67)（四）除外责任 (67)（五）保险期间 (68)（六）保证条款 (68)五、海上保险的索赔和理赔 (69)（一）损失的确定 (69)（二）委付 (69)（三）代位求偿 (69)（四）因果关系 (70)（五）免赔额和合理拒赔 (70)六、船舶保赔保险（Protection & Indemnity Club） (70)第十一章海事仲裁与海事诉讼 (71)一、海事纠纷解决的机构和途径 (71)二、海事时效制度 (71)三、涉外关系的法律适用 (72)四、海事仲裁 (72)五、海事诉讼 (72)（一）我国的海事法院 (72)（二）海事诉讼特别程序法 (73)（三）我国主要的海事诉讼制度 (73)（四）船舶扣押 (74)教材：海商法教程，郭瑜著，《海商法教程》北大2002版。

摘要船舶优先权制度是海商法所特有的一种古老的制度，它源自英国法，并随着英国海事审判实践的发展而不断得到发展。

各国法律规定船舶优先权的主要目的是为了保护特定的债权得以实现，从而促进航运业的发展。

但从目前我国有关法律规定和司法实务来看，在船舶优先权的项目及其行使中尚存在不少问题，本文对此进行了一些分析和思考，并提出自己的一些观点和建议。

本文采用了比较分析的方法，在对有关国际公约和部分国家地区立法进行比较研究、吸收国内外优秀理论成果的基础上，主要围绕着我国《海商法》中船舶优先权的项目、标的及受偿顺序进行了比较深入的探讨。

对一些存在争议的法律问题阐述了自己的观点，并对我国船舶优先权制度的立法疏漏提出了建议。

文章分为引言、正文和结语三个部分，其中正文部分分为四章：第一章主要探讨了船舶优先权的性质，首先介绍了船舶优先权的概念及法律特征，对于争议颇多的船舶优先权的法律性质，作者给出了自己的思考，即认为船舶优先权是法律设定的一种保护特定人并由法律列明的特殊权利。

然后对船舶优先权的主体、客体及内容进行了论述，并且通过一些案例来加以说明和分析。

第二章主要是对船舶优先权的项目做了一些探讨，船舶优先权所担保的债权构成了船舶优先权的项目。

船舶优先权项目的设定在船舶优先权制度中具有非常重要的作用。

我国《海商法》规定了5种船舶优先权，基本上是参照了1993年公约的规定。

和其他主要海运国家对比，是属于规定比较少的。

本章结合国內外立法规定，针对船舶优先权的项目进行了比较分析，并对实务中存在的诸如船员工资、沉船打捞费用等问题做了分析。

提出了将打捞沉船费用列入船舶优先权项目等建议。

第三章主要介绍了船舶优先权行使的程序性问题，依据法律规定，船舶优先权的行使存在着四个基本环节，扣押船舶阶段、提起诉讼或仲裁阶段、拍卖船舶阶段和清偿阶段。

本章以中国《海商法》和《海事诉讼特别程序法》为主，并结合其他国家立法规定和案例，针对其行使的各个阶段进行了分析研究。

最高人民法院关于海事法院受理案件范围的规定文章属性•【制定机关】最高人民法院•【公布日期】2016.02.24•【文号】法释〔2016〕4号•【施行日期】2016.03.01•【效力等级】司法解释•【时效性】现行有效•【主题分类】受案范围正文最高人民法院公告《最高人民法院关于海事法院受理案件范围的规定》已于2015年12月28日由最高人民法院审判委员会第1674次会议通过，现予公布，自2016年3月1日起施行。

最高人民法院2016年2月24日最高人民法院关于海事法院受理案件范围的规定（2015年12月28日最高人民法院审判委员会第1674次会议通过，自2016年3月1日起施行）法释〔2016〕4号根据《中华人民共和国民事诉讼法》《中华人民共和国海事诉讼特别程序法》《中华人民共和国行政诉讼法》以及我国缔结或者参加的有关国际条约，结合我国海事审判实际，现将海事法院受理案件的范围规定如下：一、海事侵权纠纷案件1.船舶碰撞损害责任纠纷案件，包括浪损等间接碰撞的损害责任纠纷案件;2.船舶触碰海上、通海可航水域、港口及其岸上的设施或者其他财产的损害责任纠纷案件，包括船舶触碰码头、防波堤、栈桥、船闸、桥梁、航标、钻井平台等设施的损害责任纠纷案件;3.船舶损坏在空中架设或者在海底、通海可航水域敷设的设施或者其他财产的损害责任纠纷案件;4.船舶排放、泄漏、倾倒油类、污水或者其他有害物质，造成水域污染或者他船、货物及其他财产损失的损害责任纠纷案件;5.船舶的航行或者作业损害捕捞、养殖设施及水产养殖物的责任纠纷案件;6.航道中的沉船沉物及其残骸、废弃物，海上或者通海可航水域的临时或者永久性设施、装置，影响船舶航行，造成船舶、货物及其他财产损失和人身损害的责任纠纷案件;7.船舶航行、营运、作业等活动侵害他人人身权益的责任纠纷案件；8.非法留置或者扣留船舶、船载货物和船舶物料、燃油、备品的责任纠纷案件;9.为船舶工程提供的船舶关键部件和专用物品存在缺陷而引起的产品质量责任纠纷案件；10.其他海事侵权纠纷案件。

最高人民法院关于转发涉港经济纠纷和海事海商纠纷案例的通知文章属性•【制定机关】最高人民法院•【公布日期】1986.10.23•【文号】法[经]发[1986]29号•【施行日期】1986.10.23•【效力等级】司法指导性文件•【时效性】现行有效•【主题分类】涉外民事关系法律适用,海事诉讼特别程序正文最高人民法院关于转发涉港经济纠纷和海事海商纠纷案例的通知（１９８６年１０月２３日法（经）发〔１９８６〕２９号）全国地方各级人民法院，各级军事法院，各级铁路运输法院，各海事法院：现将最高人民法院经济审判庭选编的涉港经济纠纷和海事海商纠纷案例共７个转发给你们，请主管经济审判工作的领导同志组织有关人员进行学习、讨论。

你们在讨论和工作中有何意见，望报我院。

［案例之一］某市化工机械进出口分公司诉香港某贸易行购销合同质量纠纷案原告：某市化工机械进出口分公司。

被告：香港某贸易行。

原告与被告于１９８５年１月４日在某市签订一份购销冷暖风机的成交确认书，约定由被告向原告提供型号为Ｓ—００６的冷暖风机５０００台，每台２８美元，总计价款１４万美元，于１９８５年２月３日前分批交货，货物的质量、数量以中国商品检验局检验证或卖方出具的证明书为依据，索赔期为到货后９０天。

１月９日，被告方的法定代表人同原告方的经办人王某商量，以成交确认书中的“以中国商品检验局检验证为据”会影响他向台湾厂家进货为由，要求将此项检验条款删去。

王某在未经公司法定代表人授权的情况下，擅自同意被告的要求，删掉了被告所持成交确认书中的上述检验条款，但原告所持的成交确认书仍保留原样，未作任何改动。

１月１９日，原告开出１４万美元的信用证。

被告于２月１７日和２５日两次交货共３８００台，价款１０６４００美元。

剩余的１２００台，双方协议不再履行。

但被告交付的冷暖风机，既没有产品标牌（标明产品的品种、型号、规格、生产厂、出厂日期等），也没有产品检验合格证，经我商检机构抽样检验，连安全、正常运转的起码要求都达不到，完全是一堆拚凑起来的废物。

最高人民法院关于适用《中华人民共和国海事诉讼特别程序法》若干问题的解释正文：---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 中华人民共和国最高人民法院公告《最高人民法院关于适用＜中华人民共和国海事诉讼特别程序法＞若干问题的解释》已于２００２年１２月３日由最高人民法院审判委员会第１２５９次会议通过。

现予公布，自２００３年２月１日起施行。

最高人民法院二00三年一月六日最高人民法院关于适用《中华人民共和国海事诉讼特别程序法》若干问题的解释（2002年12月3日最高人民法院审判委员会第1259次会议通过）法释[2003]3号为了依法正确审理海事案件，根据《中华人民共和国民事诉讼法》和《中华人民共和国海事诉讼特别程序法》的规定以及海事审判的实践，对人民法院适用海事诉讼特别程序法的若干问题作出如下解释。

一、关于管辖第一条在海上或者通海水域发生的与船舶或者运输、生产、作业相关的海事侵权纠纷、海商合同纠纷，以及法律或者相关司法解释规定的其他海事纠纷案件由海事法院及其上级人民法院专门管辖。

第二条涉外海事侵权纠纷案件和海上运输合同纠纷案件的管辖，适用民事诉讼法第二十五章的规定；民事诉讼法第二十五章没有规定的，适用海事诉讼特别程序法第六条第二款（一）、（二）项的规定和民事诉讼法的其他有关规定。

第三条海事诉讼特别程序法第六条规定的海船指适合航行于海上或者通海水域的船舶。

第四条海事诉讼特别程序法第六条第二款（一）项规定的船籍港指被告船舶的船籍港。

被告船舶的船籍港不在中华人民共和国领域内，原告船舶的船籍港在中华人民共和国领域内的，由原告船舶的船籍港所在地的海事法院管辖。

第五条海事诉讼特别程序法第六条第二款（二）项规定的起运港、转运港和到达港指合同约定的或者实际履行的起运港、转运港和到达港。

全国人大法律委员会关于海事诉讼特别程序法(草案三次审议稿)修改意见的报告文章属性•【公布机关】全国人民代表大会•【公布日期】1999.12.25•【分类】审议意见正文全国人大法律委员会关于海事诉讼特别程序法(草案三次审议稿)修改意见的报告——1999年12月25日在第九届全国人民代表大会常务委员会第十三次会议上全国人大法律委员会主任委员王维澄本次会议于1999年12月17日下午、18日上午、18日下午、21日上午，对海洋环境保护法（修订草案四次审议稿）、刑法修正案（草案二次审议稿）、海事诉讼特别程序法（草案三次审议稿）、关于加强中央预算审查监督的决定（草案二次审议稿）分组进行了审议。

大家认为，海洋环境保护法（修订草案四次审议稿）、刑法修正案（草案二次审议稿）、海事诉讼特别程序法（草案三次审议稿）、关于加强中央预算审查监督的决定（草案二次审议稿）等四个法律草案，吸收了常委会组成人员和地方、部门、专家的意见，经过反复修改，已经比较成熟，建议本次常委会会议通过。

同时，也提出了一些修改意见。

法律委员会于12月21日下午、22日上午、22日下午召开会议，环境与资源保护委员会、农业与农村委员会、财经委员会、内务司法委员会的负责同志列席了有关会议，逐条研究了委员们的意见，提出了进一步修改意见。

关于海事诉讼特别程序法（草案三次审议稿）（一）有的常委委员提出，利害关系人对海事请求保全提出异议的，怎么办，应当在海事请求保全的第一节中增加这方面的规定。

因此，法律委员会建议在草案三次审议稿第十七条增加一款规定，作为第三款：“利害关系人对海事请求保全提出异议，海事法院经审查，认为理由成立的，应当解除对其财产的保全”。

同时，删去草案三次审议稿第三十条第三款和第四十九条第三款。

（二）草案三次审议稿第五十八条规定：“海事法院应当对海事请求人的申请进行审查，对符合海事强制令条件的，应当在四十八小时内作出海事强制令，并立即执行；不符合申请海事强制令条件的，裁定驳回其申请。

最高人民法院关于海事法院受理案件范围的若干规定文章属性•【制定机关】最高人民法院•【公布日期】2001.09.11•【文号】法释[2001]27号•【施行日期】2001.09.18•【效力等级】司法解释•【时效性】失效•【主题分类】审判机关正文最高人民法院公告《最高人民法院关于海事法院受理案件范围的若干规定》已于２００１年８月９日由最高人民法院审判委员会第１１８７次会议通过。

现予公布，自２００１年９月１８日起施行。

二００一年九月十一日最高人民法院关于海事法院受理案件范围的若干规定（２００１年８月９日最高人民法院审判委员会第１１８７次会议通过）法释〔２００１〕２７号《中华人民共和国海事诉讼特别程序法》已于２０００年７月１日起施行。

根据《中华人民共和国民事诉讼法》、《中华人民共和国海事诉讼特别程序法》、《中华人民共和国行政诉讼法》以及我国参加和批准的有关国际公约，参照国际习惯作法，在总结我国海事审判实践经验的基础上，现将海事法院的收案范围规定如下：一、海事侵权纠纷案件１、船舶碰撞损害赔偿案件，包括浪损等间接碰撞的损害赔偿纠纷案件。

２、船舶触碰海上、通海水域、港口及其岸上的设施或者其他财产的损害赔偿纠纷案件，其中包括船舶触碰码头、防波堤、栈桥、船闸、桥梁以及触碰航标等助航设施和其他海上设施的损害赔偿纠纷案件。

３、船舶损坏在空中架设或者在海底、通海水域水下敷设的设施或者其他财产的损害赔偿纠纷案件。

４、船舶排放、泄漏、倾倒油类、污水或者其他有害物质，造成水域污染或者他船、货物及其他财产损失的损害赔偿纠纷案件。

５、海上或者通海水域的航运、生产、作业或者船舶建造、修理、拆解或者港口作业、建设，造成水域污染、滩涂污染或者他船、货物及其他财产损失的损害赔偿纠纷案件。

６、船舶的航行或者作业损害捕捞、养殖设施、水产养殖物的赔偿纠纷案件。

７、航道中的沉船沉物及其残骸、废弃物，海上或者通海水域的临时或者永久性设施、装置不当，影响船舶航行，造成船舶、货物及其他财产损失的损害赔偿纠纷案件。

中华人民共和国海事诉讼特别程序法（英文版）Maritime Procedure Law of The People’s Republic of ChinaCONTENTSCHAPTER I GENERAL PRINCIPLESCHAPTER II JURISDICTIONCHAPTER III PRESERVATION OF MARITIME CLAIMSSection 1 General ProvisionsSection 2 Arrest and Auction of ShipsSection 3 Attachment扣押 and Auction of Cargo Carried by ShipsCHAPTER IV MARITIME INJUNCTIONCHAFFER V PRESERVATION OF MARITIME EVIDENCECHAPTER VI MARITIME SECURITYCHAPTER VII SERVICECHAPTER VIII TRIAL PROCEDURESSection 1 Provisions for Trial of Collision CasesSection 2 Provisions for Trial of General Average CasesSection 3 Provisions for Exercising the Right of Subrogation by Marine Insurers Section 4 Summary Procedure, procedure for Exhortation and Procedure for Public InterpellationCHAPTER IX PROCEDURE FOR CONSTITUTION OF LIMITATION FUND FOR MARITIME CIAIMS CHAPTER X PROCEDURE FOR REGISTRATION AND SATISFACTION OF CLAIMSCHAPTER XI PROCEDURE FOR INTERPELLATION OF MARITIME LIENSCHAPTER XII SUPPLEMENTARY PROVISIONCHAPTER I GENERAL PRINCIPLESArticle 1This Law is enacted with a view to safeguarding the rights in litigation of the parties 在各方的诉讼to maritime cases and ensuring that the people's courts can ascertain the facts, establish分清 the liabilities, properly apply the laws and promptly hear and determine maritime cases.Article 2The Civil Procedure Law of the People's Republic of China and this Law shall apply to maritime actions brought in the People's Republic of China. Where the provisions of this Law are applicable, such provisions shall prevail.Article 3Where international conventions entered into or acceded to 缔结或者参加by the People's Republic of China have provisions concerning foreign-related maritime actions涉外海事诉讼 which are different from those contained in the Civil Procedure law of the People's Republic of China and this Law, the provisions of such international conventions shall apply except those on which the People's Republic of China has made reservations.Article 4Maritime courts shall entertain actions brought by the parties in respect of maritime tort, disputes arising out of maritime contracts and other maritime disputes as provided for by law.Article 5Maritime courts, high people's courts at the place where such maritime courts are located and the Supreme People's Court shall apply this Law in hearing and determining maritime cases.CHAPTER II JURISDICTIONArticle 6The relevant provisions of the Civil Procedure Law of the People's Republic of China shall apply to territorial jurisdiction地域管辖of maritime actions.The territorial jurisdiction of the maritime actions set forth hereunder shall be determined as follows:In addition to application of Articles 29, 30 and 31 of the Civil Procedure Law of the People's Republic of China, the maritime court at the place of the ship's port of registry船籍港 may also have jurisdiction in an action brought in respect of maritime tort;In addition to application of Article 28 of the Civil Procedure law of the People' s Republic of China, the maritime court at the place of the port of transshipment may also have jurisdiction in an action brought in respect of contract for carriage by sea;The maritime court at the place of the port of delivery, the port of delivery, the ship's port of registry and the domicile 住所of the defendant shall have jurisdiction in an action brought in respect of charter-party disputes of seagoing ships;The maritime court at the place of the subject-matter of insurance, the place of accident or the domicile of the defendant shall have jurisdiction in an action brought in respect of disputes in protection and indemnity contracts海上保赔合同;The maritime court at the domicile of the plaintiff, the place of signature of the contract, the place of th e port of embarkation[,embɑ:'keiʃən]登船港 or disembarkation of the crew, and the domicile of the defendant shall have jurisdiction in an action brought in respect of crew's service contract for sea-going ships; The maritime court at the place where collateral is provided and the domicile of the defendant shall have jurisdiction in an action brought in respect of maritime security; the maritime court at the place of the ship's port of registry may also have jurisdiction in an action brought in respect of ship mortgage; andThe maritime court at the place of the ship, the place of the ship's port of registry, and the domicile of the defendant shall have jurisdiction in an action brought in respect of ownership, possession, employment and maritime liens of sea-going ships.Article 7The maritime courts specified in this Article shall have exclusive jurisdiction in the following maritime actions:The maritime court at the place of the port shall have jurisdiction in an action brought in respect of coastal['kəʊstl] port operations;The maritime court at the place of pollution, the place of damaging consequences or the place where pollution prevention measures are taken shall have jurisdiction in an action brought in respect of pollution damage to sea caused by discharge, spill 泄漏or dumping of oil or other hazardous substances有害物质from ships, by production or operation at sea or by ship demolition 拆船or repair;And The maritime court at the place of performance of the contract shall have jurisdiction in an action brought in respect of disputes arising out of an offshore exploration[,eksplə'reɪʃən]勘探，研究and exploitation[,eksplɔɪ'teɪʃən]开发;开采；开拓contract海洋勘探开发合同performed within the territory of the People's Republic of China and the sea areas under the jurisdiction of the People's Republic of China.Article 8Where all the parties to a maritime dispute are aliens['eiljən]外国的, 外国人的, stateless persons, foreign enterprises or 0rganisations and have agreed in writing to be subject to the jurisdiction of a maritime court of the People's Republic of China, such maritime court shall have jurisdiction over the dispute notwithstanding[,nɔtwiθ'stændiŋ]that the place that has genuine['dʒenjuin] link with the dispute is not within the territory of the People's Republic of China.A party who applies for determination of certain property at sea as being ownerless shall file the application with the maritime court at the place of the property; one who applies for declaration of a person as dead in an accident at sea shall file the application with the maritime court at the place of the competent authority dealing with the accident or with the maritime court that has entertained the relevant maritime case.Article 10Any controversy ['kɔntrəvə:si]between a maritime court and a local people's court in respect of jurisdiction shall be resolved by the two courts through consultation, failing which the matter shall be submitted to their common superior people's court for designation of jurisdiction.Article 11A party who applies for enforcement of a maritime arbitration award, recognition and enforcement of a judgment or order of a foreign court or a foreign maritime arbitration award shall file the application with the maritime court at the place of the property against which enforcement is sought or the domicile of the person against whom enforcement is sought. In the absence of a maritime court at such place or domicile, the application shall be filed with the intermediate people's court at the place of the property against which enforcement is sought or the domicile of the person against whom enforcement is sought.CHAPTER III PRESERVATION OF MARITIME CLAIMSSection 1 General ProvisionsArticle 12Preservation of maritime claims means compulsory measures taken by a maritime court on the application of a maritime claimant against the property of the person against whom a claim is made to ensure the realization of the claim of the maritime claimant.A party who applies for preservation of maritime claims before instituting an action shall file the application with the maritime court at the place of the property subject to preservation.Article 14Preservation of maritime claims shall not be prejudiced by the jurisdiction agreement or arbitration agreement between the parties in respect of the maritime claim.Article 15A maritime claimant who applies for preservation of a maritime claim shall file the application in writing with a maritime court. Such an application shall specify the particulars of the maritime claim, reasons therefor, subject-matter of the preservation and the amount of security required, and enclose the relevant evidence 附有关证据.Article 16The maritime court, having entertained an application for preservation of a maritime claim, may enjoin[en'dʒɔɪn]责令the maritime claimant to provide security. The application shall be rejected if the maritime claimant fails to do so.Article 17The maritime court, having accepted an application, shall make an order within 48 hours. Where the order is to adopt measures for preservation of a maritime claim, it shall be executed forthwith; where the conditions for preservation of the maritime claim are not met, the application shall be rejected ]ay order.Any party who is dissatisfied with such an order may apply for a review not mere than once within 5 days after receipt thereof. The maritime court shall give the result of the review within 5 days after receipt of the application therefor. Execution of the order shall not be suspended during the period of the review.Where preservation of a maritime claim is objected by an interested person利害关系人, the maritime court shall examine the objection and discharge the preservation against its property if the reasons therefor are justified.Article 18Where a person against whom a claim is made被请求人 provides security or a party applies for discharge of preservation of the maritime claim on justified 有正当理由的，合理的grounds正当理由, the maritime court shall discharge the preservation promptly.Where a maritime claimant fails to bring an action within the time limit prescribed in this Law or apply for arbitration in accordance with the arbitration agreement, the maritime court shall discharge the preservation or return the security promptly.Article 19Where legal proceedings or arbitral proceedings are not commenced in respect of a maritime dispute after the execution of the preservation of a maritime claim, any party may bring an action in respect of the maritime claim in the maritime court ordering preservation of the maritime claim or any other maritime court that has jurisdiction, unless the jurisdiction agreement or arbitration agreement between the parties provides otherwise.Article 20A maritime claimant who has wrongfully applied for preservation of a maritime claim shall indemnify the person against whom the claim is made or any interested person for loss sustained thereby.Section 2 Arrest and Auction of ShipsArticle 21An application may be made for the arrest of a ship with respect to the following maritime claims:Loss of or damage to property caused by ship operation;Loss of life or personal injury in direct connection with ship operation;Salvage at sea;Damage or threat of damage caused by a ship to environment, coast-line or interests of other parties; measures taken to prevent, minimise or remove such damage; compensation paid in respect of such damage; costs for reasonable measures taken or to be taken for reinstatement复原 of the environment; loss incurred or likely to be incurred by third parties in connection with such damage; and damage, costs, or loss of a similar nature to those identified in this subparagraph;Expenses relating to the raising, removal, recovery, destruction or the rendering harmless of使其无害有关 a ship which is sunk, wrecked, stranded or abandoned, including anything that is or has been on board such ship, and expenses relating to the preservation of an abandoned ship and maintenance of its crew;Any agreement relating to the use or hire of a ship;Any agreement relating to the carriage of goods or passengers;Loss of or damage to or in connection with goods (including luggage) carried on board a ship在船上;General average;Towage;Pilotage;Goods supplied or services rendered to a ship for its operation, management, preservation or maintenance;Construction, re-construction, repair, conversion1.变换, 转化 2.(宗教、信仰等)彻底改变; 皈依 or equipment of a ship;Dues and charges规费和费用 of port, canal, dock,harbour 港湾and other waterway;Crew's wages and other moneys, including costs of repatriation遣返and social insurance contributions payable on behalf of the crew;Disbursements incurred on behalf of a ship or its ship-owner;Insurance premiums (including mutual insurance calls) in respect of a ship, payable by or on behalf of the ship-owner or demise charterer;Any commissions, brokerages or agency fees payable in respect of a ship by or on behalf of the ship-owner or demise charterer光船承租人;Any dispute in connection with ownership or possession of a ship;Any dispute between co-owners of a ship in connection with the employment or earnings of the ship;A ship mortgage or fights权利 of the same nature; andAny dispute arising out of contract for sale of a ship.Article 22A ship may only be arrested in respect of maritime claims specified in Article 21 of this Law, except for the enforcement of a judgement, arbitration award or other legal documents.Article 23The maritime court may arrest the ship concerned in any of the following circumstances:The ship-owner is liable for the maritime claim and is the owner of the ship when the arrest is effected;The demise charterer of the ship is liable for the maritime claim and is the demise charterer or owner of the ship when the arrest is effected;The maritime claim is based upon a ship mortgage or rights of the stone nature;The maritime claim relates to ownership or possession of a ship; orThe maritime claim is secured by a maritime lien.The maritime court may arrest other ship or ships which, when the arrest is effected, is or are owned by the ship-owner, demise charterer, time charterer or voyage charterer who is liable for the maritime claim, except for claims with respect to ownership or possession of a ship. Ships engaged in military or governmental services are not subject to不遵守arrest.Article 24A maritime claimant may not apply for arrest of a ship which has been arrested and released in respect of the same maritime claim except in any of the following circumstances:The person against whom a claim is made fails to provide sufficient security;The surety 担保人is unlikely to be able to perform the obligations under the security in whole or in part; orThe maritime claimant agrees to release the ship under arrest or return the security provided on reasonable grounds; or the maritime claimant could not by takingreasonable steps prevent the release of the ship under arrest or the return of the security provided.Article 25A maritime claimant may apply for arrest of the ship concerned notwithstanding that the name of the person against whom the claim is made cannot be ascertained forthwith 立即.Article 26When issuing an order for arresting or releasing a ship, the maritime court may give a notice to relevant organisations for assistance in execution of the order. Such a notice shall specify the scope and requirements of the assistance in execution, and the relevant organisations have the obligation to assist the execution. The maritime court may directly send officers on board for purpose of supervision if it thinks necessary.Article 27Where preservation of a ship has been adopted by order, the maritime court may, with the consent of the maritime claimant, allow the ship to resume operation with restraints on disposing or mortgaging the ship.Article 28The time limit for ship arrest for preservation of a maritime claim is 30 days. Where a maritime claimant brings an action or applies for arbitration within 30 days, or where a maritime claimant applies for arrest of a ship during legal proceedings or arbitral proceedings, the arrest of the ship is not subject to the time limit prescribed in the foregoing paragraph.Article 29Where the person against whom a claim is made fails to provide security on the expiry of the time limit for arrest of a ship, and it is not appropriate to keep the ship under arrest, the maritime claimant, having brought an action or applied forarbitration, may apply for auction of the ship to the maritime court ordering the arrest of the ship.A rticle 30The maritime court shall, after receipt of an application for auction of a ship, examine the application and make an order to allow or disallow the auction.Any party who is dissatisfied with such an order may apply for review not more than once within 5 days after receipt thereof. The maritime court shall give the result of the review within 5 days after receipt of the application therefor. Execution of the order shall be suspended during the period of the review.Article 31Where a maritime claimant, having filed an application for auction of a ship, applies for termination of the auction, the maritime court has discretion to allow or disallow the termination by order, ff the maritime court terminates the auction of the ship by order, the expenses incurred in preparation for auction of the ship shall be home承担by the maritime claimant.Article 32The maritime court that orders auction of a ship shall issue an announcement in newspapers or other news media. In the case of auction of a foreign ship, such an announcement shall be issued in the newspapers or other news media for overseas distribution对外发行.Such an announcement shall contain:(1) name and nationality of the ship for auction;(2) reasons and grounds for auction of the ship;(3) constitution of the ship auction committee;(4) time and venue of the ship auction;(5) time and venue 会场for demonstration of the ship for auction;(6) formalities.正式手续3.形式上的措施 to be completed for taking part in bidding;(7) particulars necessary for registration of claims; and(8) other matters which need to be announced.The announcement period for ship auction shall not be less than 30 days.Article 33The maritime court shall issue a notice 30 days before auction of a ship to the ship registrar of the registry state of the ship for auction and to the known maritime lien holders, mortgagees and ship-owners.Such a notice shall contain the name of the ship for auction, time and venue of the ship auction, reasons and grounds for the ship auction, registration of claims etc. Means of such a notice include written form and other appropriate forms the receipt thereof can be confirmed.Article 34Auction of a ship shall be conducted by a ship auction committee. A ship auction committee shall consist of 3 or 5 persons, including the enforcement officer of the maritime court and the auctioneer and ship surveyor retained指定 by the maritime court.The ship auction committee is responsible for arranging assessment and evaluation of the ship; arranging and presiding over 1.主持(会议、仪式等) 2.管理; 对(某事物)负有责任the auction; signing auction confirmation with the bidder; and completing ship delivery formalities.The ship auction committee is responsible to and under the supervision of the maritime court.Article 35Bidders shall register with the ship auction committee within the prescribed time limit. Certificates of identification of the person who registers with the committee, the legal representative of the enterprise or the responsible officer of other organisation and the power of attorney of the authorized proxy 1.代表权;代理权(尤指投票);shall be submitted at the time of registration for examination together with payment of a certain amount of bidding deposit.The ship auction committee shall, before auction of a ship, demonstrate the ship for auction and make the ship available for inspection and provide relevant documents and information of the ship.Article 37A buyer, having signed the auction confirmation, shall pay forthwith not less than 20% of the purchase price; the balance shall be paid within 7 days after the date of the purchase, unless the ship auction committee has agreed otherwise with the buyer.Article 38When a buyer has paid the purchase price in full, the ship-owner shall deliver the ship as is at the berthing place to the buyer within the designated time limit. The ship auction committee shall arrange and supervise the delivery of the ship and sign a confirmation of delivery and acceptance with the buyer after delivery of the ship. After delivery of the ship, the maritime court shall issue an order to discharge the arrest of the ship.Article 39When a ship is delivered, the maritime court shall issue an announcement in newspapers or other news media stating that the ship has been sold by auction and delivered to the buyer.Article 40A buyer, having taken delivery of the ship, shall by virtue of the auction confirmation and other relevant documents, complete the formalities of ownership registration with the ship registrar. The former ship-owner shall cancel the ownership registration with the previous ship registrar. Ownership of the ship is transferred notwithstanding that the former ship-owner fails to cancel the ownership registration.An auction is void if there is malicious collusion恶意串通between the bidders. The bidders who take part in malicious collusion shall be liable for the expenses of the auction and compensate the consequential loss. The maritime court may impose upon the bidders taking part in malicious collusion a free of not less than 10% but not more than 30% of the highest bidding.Article 42In addition to the provisions of this Section, the relevant provisions of the Auction Law of the People's Republic of China shall apply to auction of a ship.Article 43The relevant provisions of this Section may be applied mutatis mutandis to auction of a ship under arrest for discharge of debts in the procedure for enforcement.Section 3 Attachment and Auction of Cargo Carried by ShipsArticle 44A maritime claimant may apply for attachment of the cargo carried by a ship to ensure realisation 1.认识, 领会 2.实现of his maritime claim.The cargo against which an attachment is sought申请扣押shall be owned by the person against whom the claim is made.Article 45The value of the cargo against which an attachment is sought by a maritime claimant shall be in line with the amount of his claim.Article 46The time limit for attachment of the cargo carried by a ship for preservation of a maritime claim is 15 days.Where a maritime claimant brings an action or applies for arbitration within 15 days or where a maritime claimant applies for attachment of the cargo carried by a ship during legal proceedings or arbitral proceedings, the attachment of the cargocarried by the ship is not subject to the time limit prescribed in the foregoing paragraph.Article 47Where the person against whom a claim is made fails to provide security on the expiry of the time limit for attachment of the cargo carried by a ship, and it is not appropriate to keep the cargo under attachment, the maritime claimant, having brought an action or applied for arbitration, may apply for auction of the cargo to the maritime court ordering the attachment of the cargo carried by the ship.A maritime claimant may apply for an earlier auction if the cargo cannot be preserved, or it is difficult to preserve, or the preserving expenses are likely to exceed the value of the cargo.Article 48A maritime court shall, after receipt of an application for auction of the cargo carried by a ship, examine the application and make an order to allow or disallow the auction within 7 days.Any party who is dissatisfied with such an order may apply for review not more than once within 5 days after receipt thereof. The maritime court shall give the result of the review within 5 days after receipt of the application therefor. Execution of the order shall be suspended during the period of the review.Article 49Auction of the cargo carried by a ship shall be conducted by an auction committee consisting of the enforcement officer of the maritime court and the auctioneer retained by the maritime court, or conducted by an organisation entrusted by the maritime court.The relevant provisions of Section 2 of this Chapter in respect of auction of ships may be applied mutatis mutandis to auction of the cargo carried by a ship in the absence of applicable provisions in this Section.Article 50The provisions of this Section shall apply to the application by a maritime claimant for preservation of a maritime claim in respect of ship's bunkers and provisions relating thereto.CHAPTER IV MARITIME INJUNCTIONArticle 51A maritime injunction means the compulsory measures taken by a maritime court on the application of a maritime claimant to compel the person against whom a claim is made to act or refrain from action to prevent the legitimate rights and interests of the claimant from being infringed侵害. infringe upon v.侵害Article 52A party who applies for a maritime injunction before instituting an action shall file the application with the maritime court at the place where the maritime dispute arises.Article 53A maritime injunction is not prejudiced by the jurisdiction agreement or arbitration agreement between the parties in respect of the maritime claim.Article 54A maritime claimant who applies for a maritime injunction shall file the application in writing with a maritime court. Such an application shall specify the reasons therefore, and enclose the relevant evidence.Article 55The maritime court, having entertained an application for a maritime injunction, may enjoin责令 the maritime claimant to provide security. The application shall be rejected if the maritime claimant fails to do so.Article 56The following conditions shall be met before a maritime injunction can be granted: the claimant has a specific maritime claim;a breach of legal provisions or contractual provisions by the person against whom a claim is made needs to be redressed; andas a matter of urgency, loss will occur or increase if a maritime injunction is not granted forthwith.Article 57The maritime court, having accepted an application, shall make an order within 48 hours. Where the order is to grant a maritime injunction, it shall be executed forthwith; where the conditions for a maritime injunction are not met, the application shall be rejected by order.Article 58Any party who is dissatisfied with such an order may apply for review not more than once within 5 days after receipt thereof. The maritime court shall give the result of the review within 5 days after receipt of the application therefor. Execution of the order shall not be suspended during the period of the review.Where a maritime injunction is objected by an interested person, the maritime court shall examine the objection and cancel the maritime injunction by order if the reasons therefor are justified有正当理由的，合理的.Article 59Where a person against whom a claim is made refuses to comply with the maritime injunction, the maritime court may impose a fine or order a detention according to the seriousness of the case; if a crime is committed, criminal liability shall be fixed in accordance with the law.A fine imposed upon an individual shall be not less than RMB1 000 yuan but not more than RMB 30 000 yuan. A fine imposed upon a legal person shall be not less than RMB 30 000 yuan but not more than RMB 100 000 yuan.The detention period shall not exceed 15 days.。