2019年上海师范大学外国语言学及应用语言学真题回忆

由于在论坛说要免费把自己的资料扫描送给大家，结果得罪了小人，断了他们的财路，安全起见，重新注册，放资料！！！应用语言学（他们在职硕士有个讲义，我会传上来大家分享，145M，崩溃了，没法弄，稍后115盘给大家）考了131ONE: Give the definition of the followingterms1. LAD2. Behaviourist Psychology3. Humanistic Approach4. Communicative Competence5. Contrastive AnalysisTWO: Explain the following terms13*51. Prescriptive Linguistics and DescriptiveLinguistics2. Parol and Langue3. Inter/Intralingual4. Situational Teaching Method and Suggestpia（这个单词想不起来了，抱歉）5. TEFL and TESLTHREE: Answer the following questions 30*21. Properties of language and itsimplication to teaching2. Three dimensions of English test(Validity, Reliability and Practicality)333教育综合（大家用论坛的大纲解析就行，还有各校历年真题）考了129第一部分：解释术语1、教育目的2、苏格拉底法3、教学4、京师同文馆5、德育过程6、五育方针第二部分：简答1、教学评价的原则2、董仲舒三大文教政策3、绅士教育的主要观点4、问题的性质，问题分为几种？第三部分：解析1、巴尔赫特教育思想2、陶行知生活教育3、教师的素养4、归因理论总分150分某些人复印装订就卖好几百，真无耻。

2019 年XX师X大学外国语言学及应用语言学初试真题回忆日语 >>>一、写假名10 个 10 分初詣遠慮忘れる探す灰皿結ぶ握手浴衣行楽地割引二、写汉字10 个 10 分单词在句子里，一共10 句市役所面接水果荷物歌舞伎(写真を )選ぶ出発名前曲がる都合三、语法选择题50个50分简单但根底一定要扎实，有副词有敬语，我把有些记得的选项写出来，每道题 4 个选项きょうじゅうに /きょうちゅうにだいたい /たぶんかもしれませんなければなりません上級 / 高級クラス切符 /切手こっそり /しっかりてもらう /てくれるていただきます /てくださいますしばらく /間もなく (当时错了 ) どういう意味並びます / 並ぶぜひ間に合うけが渡すお電話になります /お電話なさい休んでください泳ぎます大きい /大き過ぎまま的语法A:さよならB:さよなら，また ( )1.らいしゅう2.きょう3.4. こんげつ四、阅读10 分3道阅读题超级简单，前面 2 题刚好做过，是配套练习册里的最后一个阅读就一个题 3 分，内容是一封短短的信， A 借了 B 的书，然后放到了书桌上还给 B，B 也有想借 A 的书，B 想借 3 本书，可是太重了，今天只带了一本。

五、完成句子 5 个 10 分私の夢は +(自己填写 )テレビのボリュームを +( )，赤ちゃんを寝ているから因为病已经好了，薬を +( )...五、翻译10 分翻译也简单关于马的，不多昔から马は大切な⋯です。

しかし、自動車 ...综合英语 >>>一、单词 20 个 20 分二、完成句子10 个 10 分很简单三、阅读 4篇30分前两篇每篇 5 题，最后两篇每篇10 题，一定要抓紧时间，平时训练到位四、翻译 60 分中译英：最近高校毕业生倾向于找工作，企业在大学生还没出校门时就招聘他们，诱人的高薪和福利待遇，研究机构也从纯理论倾向于实践，感慨为了读书而读书的学生越来越少了英译中： lexicography( 后来没有时间写随便翻了翻)五、作文 30 分 400 字Schools ask students to help evaluate teachers, what do you think ofit 综英一定要把握时间，不然做不完！语言学根底 >>>一、选择题 20 个 40 分Larynx is known as the Adam\'s Apple.CodeSuprasegmental features: stress, tone, intonation哪个单词有 assimilation ，deletion哪个音是 central几个音的共同点有几个都是关于发音，比方选项让你选 alveolar/palatal ...二、判断题每个 2 分只记得 root...三、填空题每个 2 分labiodental 、displacement 、synonymy 、relational opposites 、 hyponyms...四、名词解释sociolect 、 acoustic phonetics 、back-formation...五、小问题，answer briefly ， 4 个 20 分What is macrolinguistics，列举三个并解释According to cooperative principal, \"Well, boys are boys\", implicatureThe variation of allophone( 忘记这个是在名词解释里还是在这里 )...六、 Essay question 30分不少于 200 字What\'s the difference between Cohesion and Coherence?。

上海外国语大学2019年语言学试卷1. We shall know a word by the company it keeps.” This statement represents _______.A. the conceptualist view意念论B. contextualism语境主义C. the naming theory命名论D. behaviorism行为主义2. Which of the following is NOT true?A. Sense is concerned with the inherent meaning of the linguistic form.B. Sense is the collection of all the features of the linguistic form.C. Sense is abstract and decontextualized.脱离语境的D. Sense is the aspect of meaning dictionary compilers are not interested in.3. ___________ is a way in which the meaning of a word can be dissected into meaning components called semantic features.A. Predication analysis述谓结构分析B. Componential analysis成分分析C. Phonemic analysis 音位分析D. Grammatical analysis语法分析4.Alive” and“dead” are ___________.A. gradable antonymsB. relational antonymsC. complementary antonyms 互补反义词D. None of the above5. ________ deals with the relationship between the linguistic element and the non-linguistic world of experience.A. ReferenceB. ConceptC. SemanticsD. Sense6. _________ refers to the phenomenon that words having different meanings have the same form.A. Polysemy一词多义B. Synonymy同义词C. Homonymy同音异义D. Hyponymy下义关系7. Words that are close in meaning are called ___________.A. homonyms同音异义词B. polysemies一词多义C. hyponyms下义词D. synonyms同义词8. The grammaticality of a sentence is governed by _______.A. grammatical rulesB. selectional restrictions选择限制，选限结构C. semantic rulesD. semantic features9. The pair of words “lend” and “borrow” are ___A. gradable oppositesB. relational opposites关系反义词C. co-hyponyms并列下义词D. synonyms同义词10.The semantic components of the word “gentleman” can be expressed as __.A. +animate，+male，+human，-adultB. +animate，+male，+human，+adultC. +animate，-male，+human，-adultD. +animate，-male，+human，+adult11. Cold and hot are called ____ antonyms.A. complementaryB. gradable 可分类的C. reversalD. converse12. “I bought some roses” ____ “I bought some flowers”.A. entailsB. presupposes假定，预料，以…为先决条件C. is inconsistent with与…不一致D. is synonymous with和…同义13. Of the following linguists, ____ should be grouped into Prague School.布拉格学派A. Bloomfield布罗姆菲尔德B. Saussure索绪尔C. Jakobson雅各布森D. Firth弗思14. According to Krashen克拉申（美国语言学家）, ____ refers to the gradual and subconsciousdevelopment of ability in the first language by using it naturally in daily communicativesituations.A. learningB. competenceC. performanceD. acquisition15. As a type of linguistic system in L2 learning, ____ is a product of L2 training, mother tongueinterference, overgeneralization of the target language rules, and learning and communicative strategies of the learner.A. interlanguage中介语B. interferenceC. language transferD. linguistic relativity16. The Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis萨丕尔—沃尔夫假说has two thrusts: ____ and ____.A. Linguistic description, Linguistic determinismB. Linguistic determinism, Linguistic relativity （语言决定论，语言相对论）C. Linguistic relativity, Linguistic descriptionD. Linguistic determinism, Linguistic performance17. A special language variety that mixes or blends languages and used by people who speakdifferent language for restricted purpose is ____.A. pidgin洋泾宾语B. creoleC. dialectD. blends18. ____ is a principle of scientific method, based on the belief that the only things valid enough toconfirm or refute o scientific theory are interpersonally observable phenomena, rather than people’s introspections or intuitions.A. MentalismB. Functional grammarC. Case grammar格文法D. Behaviorism19. ____ is the language that a learner constructs at a given stage of SLA.A. InterlanguageB. IdeologyC. DialectD. Interference20. “There is no direct link between a linguistic form and what it refers to”. This is the ____ view concerning the study of meaning.A. naming theoryB. conceptualist概念论者C. contextualist语境主义者D. behaviorist21. ____ covers the study of language use in relation to context, and in particular the study of linguistic communication.A. SemanticsB. SociolinguisticsC. Pragmatics语用学D. Linguistics22. Modern synchronic linguistics共时语言学traditionally dates from the ____ of Swiss scholar Ferdinand de Saussure.A. Syntactic structureB. Cours de Linguitique GeneralC. De Lingua LatinaD. Language and Mind23.According to the strong version of the ____ hypothesis, language determines speakers’perceptions and patterns their way of life.A. Sapir WhorfB. inputC. GrimD.Innateness24. ____ theorized that acquisition of language is an innate process determined by biological factors which limit the important period for acquisition of a language from roughly two years of age to puberty.青春期A. Input hypothesisB. Interaction hypothesisC. Critical period hypothesis关键期假说D.Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis25. According to Chomsky, the child is born with a built – in set of rules, which have the specific function of enabling her to construct the grammar of her mother tongue. This view is to be seen as ____.A. Input hypothesisB. X-theoryC. Language acquisition device语言习得机制D.Universal grammar26. “Old” and “Young” are a pair of ____ opposites.A. complementaryB. relationalC. converseD. gradable27. Systemic-Functional Grammar系统功能语法, one of the most influential linguistic theories in the 20th century, is put forward by ____.A. ChomskyB. Halliday哈利迪C. FirthD.Malinowski28. From Halliday’s viewpoint, language is a form of realization of ____ rather than a form of realization of______.A. knowing, doingB. thinking, knowingC. doing, thinkingD.doing, knowing29. Negative transfer in learning a second language is known as .A. interferenceB. interlanguageC. fossilizationD. acculturation30. What is the meaning relationship between the two words “furniture/bed”? ____A. polysemyB. hyponymy下义关系C. homonymyD. antonymy31. Which description of componential analysis for the word “woman” is right? ____A. +human,-adult, -maleB. +human, + adult, -maleC. +human, + adult, +maleD. +human, -adult, +male32. The type of language which is selected as appropriate to the type of situation is a ____.A. regional dialectB. registerC. fieldD. repertoire33. In structural grammar, distributional analysis is used to define ____, which are taken as the basic building blocks.A. morphemesB. wordsC. syllableD. phonemes音素，音位34. “Speech Act T heory” was proposed by ____ in 1962.A. SaussureB. ChomskyC. Jane AustinD. John Austin35. The major new development in linguistics in 20th century was ____ grammar.A. speculativeB. traditionalC. structuralD. transformational-generative36. The study of how we do things with utterance is the study of ____, the nature of which isdetermined by context.A. contextB. pragmaticsC. speech actD. semantics37. In many societies of the world, we find a large number of people who speak more than one language. As a characteristic of societies, ____ inevitably results from the coming into contact of people with different cultures and different languages.A. transferB. bilingualismC. diglossiaD. inter-language38. Pragmatics differs from traditional semantics in that it studies meaning not in isolation, but in ____.A. relationshipB. dependenceC. sentenceD. context39. ---TRUTH.---Do not say what you believe to be false.---Do not say that for which you lack adequate evidence.Those can be defined as the features of ____ of Gricean maxims.A. maxim of quantityB. maxim of quality 质量准则C. maxim of relationD. maxim of manner40. In the sentence “The angry man went furiously through the rooms.” The first division into immediate constitute should be between ____.A. angry and manB. man and wentC. furiously and throughD. The and angry41. ____ refers to the effect of the utterance.A. Illocutionary act 言外形为B. Locutionary act言内行为C. Perlocutionary act言后行为D. Speech act言语行为42. According to the author our brain is divided into two hemispheres. Language functions are mainly located in ____.A. right hemispheresB. front hemispheresC. left hemispheresD.back hemispheres43. “A language pattern which occurs in all known language” is called ____.A. a phonemic representationB. a phonetic representationC. a language universalD. language change44. In the sentence-------“The child found the puppy”, ____ is not a constituent.A. The childB. found the puppyC. found theD. the puppy45. What is the relationship between the two words “flower / rose”? ____A. Homonymy同音异义B. Antonymy反义词C. hyponymy下义关系D. Polysemy一词多义46. The function of the sentence “How are you?” ____A. directiveB. informativeC. performativeD. phatic交际性的，交流感情的47. Homonyms同音异义词____.A. are words that share the same phonetic features and the same semantic featuresB. are words that share the same semantic features but have different sets of phonetic featuresC. are words that share the same phonetic features but have different sets of semantic featuresD. are two words that all but one of semantic features in common48. In the following dialogue, the maxim of ____ is not observed.A. What time is it?B. It’s terribly cold in here.A. qualityB. quantityC. relevanceD. manner49. ____ are linguistic units larger than sentences.A. MovesB. DiscoursesC. TopicsD. Tendencies50. Which of the following two-term sets shows the feature of complementarity? __A. single/marriedB. big/smallC. hot / coldD. old /young51. Usually ____ refers to the use of linguistic research in language teaching, but linguistics is used in other areas, as well.A. applied linguisticsB. theoretical linguisticsC. contextual linguisticsD. general linguistics52. “Love” and “hate” are ____.A. binary antonymsB. complementary pairsC. gradable antonymsD. relational opposites53. ____ refers to sentences not only describe or report information, but also help speakers accomplish things.A. Speech actB. DiscourseC. ContextD. Communication54. The feature that distinguishes “hotdog” and “hot dog” is ____.A. toneB. stressC. intonationD. aspiration55. Of the following linguists, ____ should be grouped into London school.A. FirthB. BloomfieldC. BoasD. Trubetzkoy56. The study of the linguistic meaning of words, phrases, and sentences is called ____.A. semanticsB. pragmaticsC. syntaxD. language change57. In making conversation, the general principle that all participants are expected to observe is called the ____ principle proposed by J. Grice.A. comprehensiveB. generativeC. discourseD. cooperative58. “Autumn” and “fall” are used respectively in Britain and America, but refer to the same thing. The words are ____ synonyms.A. collocationalB. dialectalC. completeD. stylistic59. ____ is the abstract syntactic representation of a sentence, namely, the underlying level of structural organization which specifies all the factors governing the way the sentence should be interpreted.A. surface structureB. syntactic ambiguityC. syntactic componentD. deep structure60. ____ is a personal dialect of an individual speaker that combines elements regarding regional, social, gender, and age variations.A. DialectB. Idiolect 个人习语C. Ethnic dialectD. Linguistic repertoire答案BBBCA ADBBB BACDA BADAB CBACC DBDAB BBDDD CBDBB CCCCC DCCBA ACABA ADBDB。

上海师范大学——外国语言学及应用语言学一年的上海师范大学外国语言学及应用语言学考研之路，今天终于尘埃落定。

曾暗下决心，如果我被录取，对于身边考研的朋友，同学或学弟学妹，一定竭尽所能，因为只有考过的人才知道其中的艰辛。

其中的苦与累，已经不想再多说了。

这里就说下我的复习思路吧，希望对下一届的你们能有些许帮助。

首先，介绍一下初试科目及参考书目：(101)思想政治理论(251)日语(二外)：《新版中日交流标准日本语》（第二版）（初级上、下册和中级上册），人民教育出版社，2014(252)法语(二外)：《新大学法语》（1、2册）李志清，高等教育出版社，2011。

(635)语言学基础：《新编简明英语语言学教程》戴炜栋第二版，上海外语教育出版社，2013(819)综合英语：无指定参考书目，考试内容主要包括:英语综合知识、词汇、阅读、英汉互译、英语写作等一、政治政治的复习，我觉得最重要的就是理解。

所有的范畴和原理都是环环相扣、循序渐进的，死记硬背倒不如多读几遍，然后自己复述出来。

总之，政治的复习，最重要的两个字就是理解。

另外活学活用也非常重要，千万别死记硬背。

要是记起来，你会发现要记得实在太多了，多得让你对自己的能力表示质疑。

而且毛邓还要和时事结合，在时事的基础上上升一步，也就是上升到理论。

政治做题很重要，特别是选择题，多做选择题可以帮助你记住一些重要的理论知识点，不断巩固复习理解的知识点，不过最好选择有答案解析的题目，可以让你的理解更清晰。

李凡政治新时器就可以。

除了第一阶段必须完成课本上的习题外，主要的精力应集中在习题集上，模拟试题、历年真题等等。

刚做这些习题时，我真有点力不从心，有时觉得解题方法很奇特，而答案也有些突兀。

经过不断练习，我对这些难点有了更深刻的理解，学会有条不紊的解题思路，以及循序渐进、举一反三的解题方法能够更有效地运用他们。

我想强调融会贯通的重要性，千万别为了做题而做题，因为做题只是一种手段而已。

2019年上海师范大学外国语言学及应用语言学考研经验分享1.关于择校和定专业因为我本人本科是英语专业的，本身也不想跨专业考，所以继续选择考英语本专业的研究生。

在考学硕还是考专硕方面，自己本身不太喜欢翻译方面的知识，受本科语言学老师的影响，比较喜欢语言学，所以我算是根据自己的兴趣吧，选择了考取外应方向的研究生。

因为比较喜欢大城市，所以一开始就想的是要来上海。

我一开始想考的是上海大学，上大今年计划招收10个人，包括推免，但是在上大发布推免生录取名单的时候，我发现推免生已经招收了11个，所以在报名的时候放弃了这个学校，重新选择了难度相对上大来说较容易的上海师范大学。

上师今年计划招收14人，而且没有推免生。

在看上师往年录取情况的时候和新祥旭老师的综合分析，所以我觉得自己把握还是挺大的，果断的放弃了上大，选择了上师。

2.初试经验(1).政治：我是跟着徐涛老师学习的，徐涛老师真的是位好老师。

暑假在家的时候开始看的徐涛老师的网课，看一节课做一节肖秀荣1000题巩固。

1000题我做了两遍，之后买了徐涛的优题库，但这本确实不如肖秀荣的有质量，大家时间有限的话还是多刷几遍1000题吧。

我还背了徐涛的小黄书，上面也有很多易混的选择题考点。

分析题我主要就是背的肖四。

不过听同学说徐涛最后有一个必背20题的书挺好的，大家后期可以背下这本再加上肖四。

总之跟着徐涛和肖秀荣就可以啦。

(2).日语：日语官方给的参考书是新标日的初级上下和中级上。

一开始我学的是旧版的标准日本语，到了10月份填志愿的时候因为一开始选的学校出了问题，临时换了上师，上师参考书是新版，本以为旧版的和新版的差不了多少，看了以后还是觉得差别很大的。

我报了新祥旭的专业课一对一课程，安排的是上师大的学姐，很有耐心的一位老师。

我学日语前期大多数时间都花在了反复看参考书上，看了3遍。

因为到了10、11月份我要重新看新版标准日本语，时间太紧迫，所以我做的题很少。

我觉得初试的题不是很难，但是成绩不如我预料的好，可能是大意了，也可能题做得少不知道陷阱出在哪儿吧。

上海师范大学标准试卷2007 ~ 2008 学年第2学期考试日期2008 年6月23日科目：翻译理论与实践（必修课）C卷英语专业本科2005 级_1-3_ 班姓名学号我承诺，遵守《上海师范大学考场规则》，诚信考试。

签名：一、Answer the following questions in English. (50%)1.How do you define context? (5 %)2.What is your definition of translation? (5%)3.What do you think the translation criteria should be? Give your reasons for thetranslation standards which you approve of. (10 %)4.Describe in detail the translation process. (10%)5.Define and illustrate the literal translation approach and the liberal translation approach.(10%)6.Explain the translator’s subjectivity. (5%)7.What requirements is the translator supposed to fulfill before he is able to exerthis subjectivity? (5%)二、Translate the following Chinese sentences into English. (10%)(1) 不要班门弄斧。

(2) 持一个中国的原则，是实现和平统一的基础和前提。

(3) 实施西部大开发战略，关系全国发展的大局，关系民族团结和边疆稳定。

(4) 老实实的学问，来不得半点虚假，需要付出艰巨的劳动。

外国语言学及应用语言学Foreign Linguistics and Applied Linguistics（070211）●培养方案（一）培养目标和要求1、努力学习马列主义、毛泽东思想和邓小平理论，坚持党的基本路线，热爱祖国，遵纪守法，品德良好，学风严谨，具有较强的事业心和献身精神，积极为社会主义现代化建设服务。

2、掌握坚实宽广的理论基础和系统深入的专门知识，具有独立从事科学研究工作的能力和社会管理方面的适应性，在科学和管理上能作出创造性的研究成果。

3、积极参加体育锻炼，身体健康。

4、外国语学院外国语言学及应用语言学专业硕士学位点旨在培养具有扎实英语语言学及应用语言学基础理论及系统专业知识和能力的研究生。

本专业以应用语言学学科为基础，具有多学科交叉、基础研究与应用研究相结合的特点。

实现输送攻读博士学位学生和培养大学、中学英语师资队伍的多目标培养机制。

他们对有关的学科目前状况及发展趋势有全面和透彻的了解。

他们应有独立从事科研工作的能力，并在此基础上撰写和发表有个人见解和客观分析的论文及著作。

此外，他们应该掌握至少一门第二外语及具备运用计算机进行科研工作的能力。

5、本专业的主要内容：（二）研究方向1、认知语言学Cognitive Linguistics蔡龙权男，博士教授（硕士导师）程星华男，硕士教授（硕士导师）2、第二语言习得Second Language Acquisition李永宁女，硕士副教授（硕士导师）武成男，硕士副教授（硕士导师）3、翻译Translation and Interpretation李照国男，博士教授（硕士导师）谭卫国男，硕士教授（硕士导师）金辉男，硕士副教授（硕士导师）（三）学制三年（修满规定学分、通过硕士论文答辩可申请提前毕业，但在校培养时间不得少于两年。

）（四）课程设置与学分要求1、必修课程：Compulsory Subjects（1）学位公共课程Foundational Subjects for All Students：(需修满10学分)第二外国语（Second Foreign Language）（4学分）科学技术哲学（Philosophy of Science and Technology）（2学分）科学社会主义理论与实践（Theory and Practice of Scientific Socialism）（2学分）计算机基础（Basics of Computer）（2学分）（2）学位专业课Specialist Subjects & Options学位基础课：Specialist Subjects (需修满9学分)外语研究方法与学术论文写作Methodology for Foreign Language Research and Academic Writing（3学分）英美文学English and American Literature（3学分）语言学Linguistics（3学分）学位专业课：Specialist Options (需修满6学分)语音学Phonetics（2学分）句法学Syntax（2学分）语义学Semantics（2学分）语用学Pragmatics（2学分）应用语言学Applied Linguistics（2学分）认知语言学Cognitive Linguistics（2学分）第二语言习得Second Language Acquisition（2学分）翻译理论与实践Theories and Practice on Translation（2学分）实用文本翻译Translation of Practical Texts（2学分）外语教学法研究Theory and Practice in ELT（2学分）语料库语言学Corpus Linguistics （2学分）2、选修课程Optional Subjects (需修满6学分)文化与语言Language and culture（2学分）功能语法Functional Grammar（2学分）隐喻研究Research of Metaphor（2学分）语篇分析Discourse Analysis（2学分）心理语言学Psycholinguistics（2学分）社会语言学Sociolinguistics（2学分）学习策略Learning Strategies（2学分）课程与教材设计Curriculum and Teaching Materials（2学分）英语语言测试English Language Testing（2学分）中西翻译理论Chinese and Western Translation Theories（2学分）注：一专业与方向的学位专业课程均可作为另一专业与方向的选修课程，学分均为2。