北外二外英语真题及参考答案2010

2010年北京外国语大学英语专业（基础英语）真题试卷(总分：60.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、阅读理解(总题数：2，分数：24.00)Americans are living in an argument culture. There is a pervasive warlike atmosphere that makes us approach public dialogue, and just about anything we need to accomplish, as if it were a fight. Thinking of human interactions as battles is a metaphorical frame through which we learn to regard the world and the people in it. All language uses metaphors to express ideas; some metaphoric words and expressions are novel, made up for the occasion, but more are calcified in the language. They are simply the way we think it is natural to express ideas. We don"t think of them as metaphors. When someone says, "Don"t pussyfoot around; get to the point" , there is no explicit comparison to a cat, but the comparison is there nonetheless, implied in the word "pussyfoot". I doubt that individuals using the word "pussyfoot"think consciously of cats. More often than not, we use expressions without thinking about their metaphoric implications. But that doesn"t mean those implications are not influencing us. Americans talk about almost everything as if it were a war.A book about the history of linguistics is called The Linguistics Wars. A magazine article about claims that science is not completely objective is titled The Science Wars. One about competition among caterers is" Party Wars"—and on and on in a potentially endless list. Politics, of course, is a prime candidate . One of the innumerable possible examples, the headline of a story reporting that the Democratic National Convention nominated Bill Clinton to run for a second term declares, " DEMOCRATS SEND CLINTON INTO BATTLE FOR A 2D TERM. "But medicine is as frequent a candidate, as we talk about battling and conquering disease. Why does it matter that our public discourse is filled with military metaphors? Aren"t they just words? Why not talk about something that matters—like actions? Because words matter. When we think we are using language, language is using us. As linguist Dwight Bolinger put it(employing a military metaphor), language is like a loaded gun;It can be fired intentionally, but it can wound or kill just as surely when fired accidentally. The terms in which we talk about something shape the way we think about it—and even what we see. The power of words to shape perception has been proven by researchers in controlled experiments. Psychologists Elizabeth Loftus and John Palmer, for example, found that the terms in which people are asked to recall something affect what they recall. The researchers showed subjects a film of two cars colliding, then asked how fast the cars were going; one week later, they asked whether there had been any broken glass. Some subjects were asked, " About how fast were the cars going when they bumped into each other?"Others were asked, "About how fast were the cars going when they smashed into each other?"Those who read the question with the verb "smashed "estimated that the cars were going faster. They were also more likely to"remember"having seen broken glass.(There wasn"t any.) This is how language works. It invisibly molds our way of thinking about people, actions, and the world around us. Military metaphors train us to think about—and see—everything in terms of fighting, conflict, and war. This perspective then limits our imaginations when we consider what we can do about situations we would like to understand or change. In the argument culture, war metaphors pervade our talk and shape our thinking. Nearly everything is framed as a battle or game in which winning or losing is the main concern. These all have their uses and place, but they are not the only way—and often not the best way—to understand and approach our world. Conflict and opposition are as necessary as cooperation and agreement, but the scale is off balance, with conflict and opposition over-weighted.（分数：12.00）(1).We know from Paragraph 2 that______.（分数：2.00）A.the word "pussyfoot" has no relation with catsB.metaphoric words are usually created for special occasionsC.pussyfootis a newly-coined wordD.metaphoric implications can be found in all languages(2).The underlined words "a prime candidate" in Paragraph 3 probably means______.（分数：2.00）A.an important person for electionB.the first person considered for a jobC.something most suitable for a particular purposeD.something more important than words(3).By saying "language is using us"(Paragraph 5), the writer means______.（分数：2.00）A.the terms we use shape our perception of the worlditary metaphors help linguists to express ideas more clearlynguage can hurt people unintentionallynguage empowers us to fight with each other(4).The experiment conducted by the two psychologists shows______.（分数：2.00）A.the choice of words can affect the way people see thingsB.it is of utmost importance to ask good questionsC.there is difference between "smash" and "bump into"D.the memory of an accident can only last for one week(5).We can learn from the text that, in the writer"s opinion, ______.（分数：2.00）A.the argument culture is good for American societyB.Americans place too much importance on conflict and oppositionC.war metaphors have a positive impact on people"s thinkingD.more research should be done on the argument culture(6).The best title for this passage is probably______.（分数：2.00）A.Metaphors in an Argument CultureB.We Are What We Speak; Living in an Argument CultureC.Words Do Matter; Metaphors in American Culturenguage and Culture DebateI recently became one of the last people in America to acquire a portable radio/headphone set. This delay was out of character—normally I ride the crest of every trend. But in this case I sensed a certain dangerous potential. So I put off the purchase for ages, feeling wary of such an inviting distraction. Too much headphone time, I worried, could easily impair my business performance, if not ruin my way of life completely. As it turns out, my concerns were right on target. The problem isn"t the expense, or the constant exposure to musical drivel, or even the endangerment of my hearing—and I do like to keep the volume set on "blast". No, the problem is more subtle and insidious. It"s simply that, once I was fully plugged in, things stopped occurring to me. I get excited about good ideas. Especially my own. I used to have lists of them in all my regular haunts . My office desk, kitchen, car and even my gym bag were littered with bits of paper. Ideas ranging from a terrific brochure headline or a pitch to a new client for my public-relations agency to finding a new route to avoid the morning rush—each notion began as an unsummoned thought, mulled over and jotted down. The old story has it that Isaac Newton identified the concept and presence of gravity while sitting under an apple tree. One fruit fell and science gained new dimension. While there may be some historic license in that tale, it"s easy to see that if Newton had been wearing his Walkman, he probably would have overlooked the real impact of the apple"s fall. This is the problematic side of technological evolution. As tools become more compact, portable and inescapable, they begin to take away something they cannot replace. The car phone, battery-powered TV, portable fax and notepad-size computer do everything for accessibility. They make it easy to be in touch, to be productive, to avoid the tragedy of a wasted second. But there are worse things than empty time. A calendar packed to the max makes it easy to overlook what"s missing. A dearth of good ideas isn"t something that strikes like alightning bolt. It"s a far more gradual dawning, like the slow unwelcome recognition that one"s memory has become less sharp. If that dawning is slow, it"s because our minds are fully occupied. It now takes an unprecedented depth of knowledge to stay on top of basic matters, from choosing sensible investments to purchasing the healthiest food. There is literally no end to the information that has become essential. When there is a chance to relax, we don"t stop the input; we change channels. With earphones on our heads or televisions in our faces, we lock in to a steady barrage of news, views and videos that eliminate likelihood of any spontaneous thought. Still, we are not totally oblivious. We work hard to counter the mind-numbing impact of the river of information we are forced to absorb. There is a deliberate emphasis on the importance of creative thought as a daily factor. From seminars to smart drinks, from computer programs to yoga postures, there"s no end to the strategies and products that claim to enhance creativity. It would be unfair to say that all of these methods are without value. But beyond a certain point they are, at best, superfluous. Trying too hard to reach for high-quality insight can thwart the process in the worst way. The best ideas occur to me when my mind is otherwise unchallenged and there is no pressure to create. I have mentally composed whole articles while jogging, flashed upon the solution to a software dilemma while sitting in the steam room, come up with just the right opening line for a client"s speech while pushing a vacuum. These were not problems I had set out to address at those particular times. Inventiveness came to my uncluttered mind in a random, unfocused moment. Certainly not every idea that pops up during a quiet time is a winner. But a surprising number do set me on the path to fresh solutions. And I have found that a free flow of ideas builds its own momentum, leapfrogging me along to answer that work. The simple fact is that time spent lost in thought isn"t really lost at all. That"s why" unplugged time "is vital. It"s when new directions, different approaches and exciting solutions emerge from a place that can"t be tapped at will. It is unwise to take this resource for granted. Better to recognize it, understand something about where it resides and thereby ensure it is not lost. Clearly, this is far easier said than done. Technology is seductive. It chases us down, grabs hold and will not let us go. Nor do we want it to. The challenge is to keep it in its place and to remember that time spent unplugged brings unique rewards. This doesn"t mean I will abandon my new radio headset toy. But I will take the precaution of leaving it in my dresser drawer on a regular basis. Otherwise, unlike wise old Newton,I may see the fall but never grasp its meaning.（分数：12.00）(1).We may infer from the text that the writer______.（分数：2.00）A.did not like to follow the trendB.prefers to listen to soft musicC.works at a public relations firmD.was not a creative person(2).The writer uses the example of Isaac Newton to show that______.（分数：2.00）A.scientists should stay close to nature to grasp the meaning of natural lawB.a creative scientist can change the course of historyC.a good idea is something that strikes like a lightning boltD.innovative ideas usually originate in times when the mind ranges freely(3).One of the problems that come with technological development is that______.（分数：2.00）A.our minds are too occupied to have any creative ideasB.tools become too complicated to operateC.our memory becomes less sharpD.people have too many gadgets to carry(4).The underlined word" haunts" in Paragraph 4 probably refers to______ .（分数：2.00）A.placesB.peopleC.activitiesD.ghosts(5).In the last few paragraphs, the writer suggests that people should______.（分数：2.00）A.get rid of radio headsetsB.enjoy unplugged time regularlyC.face the challenge of technologyD.learn from Isaac Newton(6).The best title for this text probably is______.（分数：2.00）A.The Latest Trend in HeadsetsB.Impacts of Scientific DevelopmentC.We Are Too Busy for IdeasD.The Best of the Gadgets二、判断题(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Read the following passage carefully and then decide whether the statements which follow are true(T)or false(F). Multiculturalism: E Pluribus Plures Questions of race, ethnicity, and religion have been a perennial source of conflict in American education. The schools have often attracted the zealous attention of those who wish to influence the future, as well as those who wish to change the way we view the past. In our history, the schools have been not only an institution to teach young people skills and knowledge, but an arena where interest groups fight to preserve their values, or to revise the judgments of history, or to bring about fundamental social change. Given the diversity of American society, it has been impossible to insulate the schools from pressures that result from differences and tensions among groups. When people differ about basic values, sooner or later those disagreements turn up in battles about how schools are organized or what the schools should teach. Sometimes these battles remove a terrible injustice, like racial segregation. Sometimes, however, interest groups politicize the curriculum and attempt to impose their views on teachers, school officials, and textbook publishers. When groups cross the line into extremism, advancing their own agendas without regard to reason or to others, they threaten public education itself, making it difficult to teach any issues honestly and making the entire curriculum vulnerable to political campaigns. For many years, the public schools attempted to neutralize controversies over race, religion, and ethnicity by ignoring them. The textbooks minimized problems among groups and taught a sanitized version of history. Race, religion, and ethnicity were presented as minor elements in the American saga; slavery was treated as an episode, immigration as a sidebar, and women were largely absent. The textbooks concentrated on presidents, wars, national politics, and issues of state. An occasional "great black" or "great woman" received mention, but the main narrative paid little attention to minority groups and women. With the ethnic revival of the 1960s, this approach to the teaching of history came under fire, because the history of national leaders—virtually all of whom were white, Anglo-Saxon, and male — ignored the place in American history of those who were none of the above. The traditional history of elites had been complemented by an assimilationist view of American society, which presumed that everyone in the American melting pot would eventually lose or abandon those ethnic characteristics that distinguished each from mainstream Americans. The ethnic revival demonstrated that many groups did not want to be assimilated or melted. Ethnic studies programs popped up on campuses to teach not only that" black is beautiful" , but also that every other variety of ethnicity is " beautiful" as well; eveiyone who had "roots" began to look for them so that they, too, could recover that ancestral part of themselves that had not been homogenized. As ethnicity became an accepted subject for study in the late 1960s, textbooks were assailed for their failure to portray blacks accurately; within a few years, the textbooks in wide use were carefully screened to eliminate bias against minority groups and women. At the same time, new scholarship about the history of women, blacks, and various ethnic minorities found its way into the textbooks. Today"s history textbooks routinely incorporate the experiences of women, blacks,American Indians, and various immigrant groups. As a result of the political and social changes of recent decades, cultural pluralism is now generally recognized as an organizing principle of this society. In contrast to the idea of the melting pot, which promised to erase ethnic and group differences, children now learn that variety is the spice of life. They learn that America has provided a haven for many different groups and has allowed them to maintain their cultural heritage or to assimilate, or—as is often the case—to do both; the choice is theirs, not the state"s. They learn that cultural pluralism is one of the norms of a free society; that differences among groups are a national resource rather than a problem to be solved. Indeed, the unique feature of the United States is that its common culture has been formed by the interaction of its subsidiary cultures. It is a culture that has been influenced over time by immigrants, American Indians, Africans(slave and free)and by their descendants. American music, art, literature, language, food, clothing, sports, holidays, and customs all show the effects of the commingling of diverse cultures in one nation. Paradoxical though it may seem, the United States has a common culture that is multicultural.（分数：10.00）(1).For a long time in history, American schools have been an arena for different interest groups to fight to preserve their values.（分数：2.00）A.TRUEB.FALSE(2).Public schools are biased against minority groups and women, so textbooks chose to ignore the related issues.（分数：2.00）A.TRUEB.FALSE(3).Ethnic studies programs became popular in schools as a result of the ethnic revival in the 1960s.（分数：2.00）A.TRUEB.FALSE(4).Today"s history textbooks advocate the idea of melting pot by incorporating the experiences of women, blacks, American Indians and various immigrant groups.（分数：2.00）A.TRUEB.FALSE(5).It is generally acknowledged now that multiculturalism is a reality as well as a unique feature of American society.（分数：2.00）A.TRUEB.FALSE三、选词填空(总题数：1，分数：14.00)Please choose the best sentence from the list after the passage to fill in each of the gaps in the text. There are more sentences than gaps. The Myth of Asian Superiority Asian Americans have increasingly come to be viewed as a "model minority". But are they as successful as claimed? And for whom are they supposed to be a model? 1 Asian American shopkeepers have been congratulated, as well as criticized, for their ubiquity and entrepreneurial effectiveness. If Asian Americans can make it, many politicians and pundits ask, why can"t African Americans? 2The victims are blamed for their plight, rather than racism and an economy that has made many young African American workers superfluous. The celebration of Asian Americans has obscured reality. 3 Most Asian Americans live in California, Hawaii, and New York—states with higher incomes and higher costs of living than the national average. 4 While Japanese American men in California earned an average income comparable to Caucasian men in 1980, they did so only by acquiring more education and working more hours. 5Some Asian American groups do have higher family incomes than Caucasians. But they have more workers per family. The " model minority" image homogenizes Asian Americans and hides their differences. For example, while thousands of Vietnamese American young people attenduniversities, others are on the streets. They live in motels and hang out in pool halls in places like East Los Angeles; some join gangs. Hmong and Mien refugees from Laos have unemployment rates that reach as high as 80 percent. A recent California study showed that three out of ten Southeast Asian refugee families had been on welfare for four to ten years. Although college-education Asian Americans are entering the professions and earning good salaries, many hit the "glass ceiling"—the barrier through which high management positions can be seen but not reached. 6 Finally, the triumph of Korean immigrants has been exaggerated. In 1988 , Koreans in the New York metropolitan area earned only 68 percent of the median income of non-Asians. More thanthree-quarters of Korean greengrocers came to America with a college education. 7For many of them, the greengrocery represents dashed dreams, a step downward in status. Most Asian Americans know their "success"is largely a myth. They also see how the celebration of Asian Americans as a " model minority" perpetuates their inequality and exacerbates relations between them and African Americans. A. Even Japanese Americans, often touted for their upward mobility, have not reached equality. B. A survey showed that only 8 percent of Asian Americans were " officials" and " managers " , compared with 12 percent for all groups. C. Such comparisons pit minorities against each other and generate African American resentment toward Asian Americans. D. Engineers, teachers, or administrators while in Korea, they became shopkeepers after their arrival. E. Asian Americans have been described in the media as" excessively, even provocatively" successful in gaining admission to universities. F. For example, figures on the high earnings of Asian Americans relative to Caucasians are misleading. G. For all their hard work and long hours, most Korean shopkeepers do not actually earn very much. H. Comparing family incomes is even more deceptive.（分数：14.00）填空项1:__________________填空项1:__________________填空项1:__________________填空项1:__________________填空项1:__________________填空项1:__________________填空项1:__________________四、英译汉(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Please read the following passage and translate the underlined parts into Chinese.(40 points, 8 points each) How to Manage Time 【F1】The belief that time is a resource that must be monitored closely and managed carefully is one of the basic laws of our time-pressed world, as is the urge to do more and do it quicker. Is it any wonder our culture favors the young and energetic? Who else can accomplish the hundreds of tasks each of us must master in a typical day, as well as process the thousand bits of information rushing at us every hour? In my workshops at Omega and around the country on time-shifting—learning how to toggle between hyperproductivity and an awareness of the world around you—the first question I pose is" Do you feel that you have enough time in your daily lives?"Invariably, more than 90 percent declare an overwhelming sense of "time-poverty"—part of an epidemic of anxiety and pressure in our society. 【F2】 Ironically, in response, methods to improve our management of time have gained in popularity, along with new, speedier technology that helps us develop greater efficiency. Yet while these initially seem to help, they ultimately serve only to increase the speed of our lives. We learn to go faster and get more done—only to take on more work and responsibility. As a result, the future arrives that much quicker, and it begins to predominate. The "now" becomes a prelude to the "next". We do this so we can get to that. We work for the weekend, rush through lunch to get back to our desks, worry about next month"s deadline before this month is completed. We divide our attention and awareness between the task at hand that we"re rushing to complete and the next item on our day-planner. So, what is needed is to come into the present moment. Instead of rushing, take your time, let your rhythm slow down. You can rush late if you need to, but for now, simply perform the taskthat is in front of you, whether it"s washing the dishes or commuting to work. We spend our lives waiting for the important events to take place, rushing through these" in-between" moments. Yet the reality is that these in-betweens actually make up a significant portion of our lives. Allowing ourselves to be present in them and experience them fully is what makes us alive— and helps to keep us young. This involves developing a sense of mindfulness, a way of being that puts you fully in the moment without pressure or anxiety about staying on schedule. 【F3】It is a quality that each of us needs to learn how to cultivate more in our lives, awakening all of our senses and being comfortable in the present—to feel rooted, with no need to rush. Some will read this and wonder why they should slow down. Isn"t it okay to keep moving along with the progress of modern times? Isn"t it, in fact, necessary to do so? There really is no right or wrong answer;rather it is a question of how we feel about our lives. My experience has taught me that there is too much stress caused by the frantic pace at which most of us exist. The result is a disconnection from the world around us and our sense of being alive in it. 【F4】People report feeling trapped, powerless to effect any meaningful change, coping as best as they can yet knowing they don"t feel the way they would like to feel. The key is to step back from the edge, learn to get involved in the process rather than constantly longing for the end result. 【F5】This does not mean giving up our goal-oriented lives—simply modifying them, finding a balance between our productive and our emotional selves. This enables us to live as whole beings, fully alive. In response to the pace of our modern world, learning how to successfully shift time can be one of the keys to achieving both health and longevity as we continue to age.（分数：10.00）(1).【F1】（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ (2).【F2】（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ (3).【F3】（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ (4).【F4】（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ (5).【F5】（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 写作2.With the information given in the following graph, explain what is the greenhouse effect, what causes the greenhouse effect, and what we can do to reduce the greenhouse effect.(no less than150 words)methane: 2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________。

北京市实验外国语学校中考二模英语试题2010年延庆县中考二模英语试题听力理解（24分）一、听对话，选择与对话内容相符的图片，每段对话读两遍。

（共4分,每小题1分）1.A. B. C.2.A. B. C.3.A. B. C.4.A. B. C.二、听对话和独白，根据对话和独白的内容，选择正确答案。

每段对话或独白读两遍。

（共12分，每小题1分）听下面一段对话，完成第5-6小题。

5. What does the man want?A. Milk.B. Coffee.C. Tea.6. How much does the man want to buy?A. 3 cups.B. 2 cups.C. 1 cup.听下面一段对话，完成第7-8小题。

7. What’s wrong with the woman?A. She has a stomachache.B. She has a fever.C. She had a headache.8. What does the doctor tell the man to do?A. To do some exercise.B. To take some medicine.C. To have some food.听下面一段对话，完成第9-10小题。

9. What is the date of Betty’s birthday?A. May 1st.B. May 2nd.C. May 3rd.10. What present will the speakers buy for Betty？A. A toy panda.B. A toy baby.C. A toy dog.听下面一段对话，完成第11-13小题。

11. Why does the woman make the phone call?A. Because she hopes to find a job.B. Because she plans to go to evening classes.C. Because she wants to know more about the club.12. When can she have an interview?A. On Monday.B. On Tuesday.C. On Wednesday.13. Why does the man ask the woman for her name and e-mail address?A. He wants to visit her.B. He wants to know more about her.C. He wants to send her information.听下面一段独白，完成第14-16 小题14. What should a good listener do before listening？A. Stand with his arms crossed.B. Empty his own ideas and thoughts.C. Prepare as many questions as possible.15. How many suggestions has the speaker mentioned?A. 5.B. 6.C. 7.16. How can you get more information about a good listener？A. By post.B. By email.C. Over the phone.三、听对话记录信息，对话读两遍。

北京外国语大学翻译硕士英语学位MTI考试真题2010年(总分：150.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、Ⅰ(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.UNESCO（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(联合国教科文组织(United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization)) 解析：2.NASA（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(美国宇航局(National Aeronautics and Space Administration))解析：3.Diet of Japan（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(日本国会)解析：4.FDI（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(外商直接投资(Foreign Direct Investment))解析：TV (not 中国中央电视台)（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(闭路电视(close-circuit television))解析：6.FBI（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(美国联邦调查局(Federal Bureau of Investigation))解析：7.GM crop（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(转基因作物)解析：8.IAEA（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(国际原子能机构(International Atomic Energy Agency))解析：9.opportunity cost（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(机会成本)解析：10.Keynesians（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(凯恩斯主义者)解析：11.The Tories（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(英国保守党(托利党))解析：12.the State Department in Washington（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(位于华盛顿的美国国务院)解析：13.the Treasury Department of the U.S.（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(美国财政部)解析：14.protectionism（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(保护主义)解析：15.Balance of Payments（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(收支平衡)解析：二、Ⅱ(总题数：15，分数：15.00)16.中国特色社会主义（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(socialism with Chinese characteristics)解析：17.科学发展观（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(scientific outlook on development)解析：18.全面建设小康社会（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(to build China into a moderately prosperous country in an all-round way)解析：19.以人为本（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(put people first)解析：20.宏观经济调控（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(microeconomic control)解析：21.自主创新能力（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(independent innovation capacity)解析：22.完善人民币汇率形成机制（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(perfection of the RMB exchange rate regime)解析：23.中西医并重（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(emphasize on the importance of the traditional Chinese medicine and western medicine) 解析：24.突发事件应急管理机制（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(emergency response mechanism)解析：25.港人治港（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(people of Hong Kong administer Hong Kong)解析：26.构建两岸关系和平发展框架（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(establish a framework for peaceful development of cross-straits relations)解析：27.知足常乐（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(enough is as good as a feast)解析：28.水火无情（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(fire and water have no mercy)解析：29.祸从口出（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(out of the mouth Collies evil)解析：30.一蹶不振（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(collapse after one setback)解析：三、Ⅲ(总题数：2，分数：60.00)31.Acting recently as an expert witness in a murder trial, I became aware of a small legal problem caused by the increasingly multicultural nature of our society. According to English law, a man is guilty of murder if he kills someone with the intention either to kill or to injure seriously. But he is guilty of the lesser crime of manslaughter if he has been sufficiently provoked or if his state of mind at that time was abnormal enough to reduce his responsibility. The legal test here is a comparison with the supposed ordinary man—the man on the Clapham omnibus, as the legal Cliché has it. Would that ordinary person feel provoked under similar circumstances? Was the accused's state of mind at the time of the killing very different from that of an average man?（分数：30.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(最近，我以专家证人的身份出席了一场谋杀案的审判，由此注意到一个由社会本质日益多元化造成的细微法律问题。

2010年对外经济贸易大学二外英语考研真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. 2. 3. 4. 5.1．The police caught the thief on the street and______him into their van.A．probedB．hustledC．copedD．smoldered正确答案：B解析：句意：警察在街上抓住小偷，把他推进囚车里。

hustle into推进。

probe 探索，探究。

cope成功地应对。

smolder熏烧。

2．The crude craft which the Wright brothers made was the______of the modern airplane.A．feudB．IllusionC．PrototypeD．alloy正确答案：C解析：句意：莱特兄弟制作的简陋飞行器，是现代飞机的雏形。

prototype 原形。

feud世仇。

illusion幻觉，假象。

alloy合金。

3．I’ve just received an______note telling me that the goods have been dispatched.A．invoiceB．enquiryC．orderD．advisory正确答案：A解析：句意：我刚才收到一张发货费用清单，知道已经发货。

invoice(发货或服务)费用清单。

enquiry查询，打听。

order订单。

advisory报告，通告。

4．Does these cars______to the new standard of vehicle exhaust emission?A．confirmB．confideC．conformD．complement正确答案：C解析：句意：这些汽车符合汽车废气排放的新标准吗?conform to符合，遵从。

confirm批准，确认。

confide(向某人)吐露(秘密、隐私等)。

北京外国语大学英语语言学真题2010年(总分：150.00，做题时间：90分钟)ⅠExplain the following terms:（分数：50.00）(1).langue（分数：5.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ (2).phoneme（分数：5.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ (3).prefix（分数：5.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ (4).part of speech（分数：5.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ (5).back-formation（分数：5.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ (6).polysemy（分数：5.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ (7).speech community（分数：5.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ (8).interlanguage（分数：5.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ (9).syllabus（分数：5.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ (10).comprehensible input（分数：5.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ ⅡAnswer the following questions:（分数：40.00）(1).How do you compare the traffic light system with a human linguistic system?（分数：10.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ (2).What is the aim of IC (immediate constituent) analysis? Make an IC analysis of the following sentence by means of either brackets or a tree diagram?My mother said Mary liked the handbag.（分数：10.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ (3).What is your comment on the following paragraph? Rewrite it and explain why you want to rewrite it that way.One winter morning when Father left the Riding Club on horseback, Father"s horse fell with Father. Not only did the stupid animal fall but the animal landed on Father"s foot. Father pulled Father"s foot out from under, got the horse up, and went on to the Park for Father"s ride. But Father found later that one of Father"s toes had been bent and that Father couldn"t straighten the toe out.（分数：10.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ (4).In what way are language and computer related, and how has their relationship affected language learning?（分数：10.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ ⅢEssay-writing: （分数：60.00）(1).What kind of linguistic phenomenon can you identify in the following dialogue? Define, analyse and explain the phenomenon.甲：上车请买票。

[考研类试卷]2010年北京第二外国语学院英语专业（语言学）真题试卷.doc[考研类试卷]2010年北京第二外国语学院英语专业（语言学）真题试卷一、填空题1 The terms such as "desk" ,"chair" and "bed" are______of the term "furniture".2 In English, the two words cut and gut differ only in their initial sounds and the two sounds are two different______ and the two words are a______pair.3 The branch of grammar which studies the internal structure of sentences is called4 When language is used for establishing an atmosphere or maintaining social contact rather than exchanging information or ideas, its function is______function.二、判断题5 The speech sounds which are in complementary distribution are always allophones of the same phoneme.（A）True（B）False6 The sound[s]is shared by "use" and "maps" as a common morpheme.（A）True（B）False7 After comparing "It was in this house that they met for the first time. " with "They met in this house for the first time. " you may find some difference in meaning, and the difference can be interpreted in terms of collocation.（A）True（B）False8 The distinction between "langue" and "parole" was proposed by Chomsky.（A）True（B）False9 The two words borrow and lend are antonyms but the two sentences "Jan lent some money to Jack" and "Jack borrowed some money from Jan" are synonymous.（A）True（B）False10 All the words in a language can be used to refer to, but only some have senses. （A）True（B）False11 Sense is regarded as a kind of intralinguistic relationship. HI. Fulfill the following requirements.(13 points)（A）True（B）False三、单项选择题12 The actual production and comprehension of the speech by speakers of a language is called（A）grammar rules（B）competence（C）performance（D）language device13 The study of language at one point in time is a______study.（A）historical（B）synchronic（C）descriptive（D）diachronic14 Bloomfield introduced the IC analysis, whose full name is______ Analysis. （A）Internal Component（B）Innate Capacity（C）Internal Constituent（D）Immediate Constituent15 A grammar which consists of a set of statements or rules which specify which sequences of language are possible, and which impossible, is a______grammar. （A）systemic（B）generative（C）descriptive（D）functional四、简答题16 Clarify what "American history teachers" means by using IC Analysis.(2 points)17 Tell whether each of the underlined parts is endocentric or exocentric.(2 points) 1)the professor who enjoys bragging of his publications2)the issue in question18 Give the phonetic term according to the following description;(1 point)the sound made with the front of the tongue and the hard palate19 Tell the sense relation between a and b in each pair;(2 points)1)a. John studied in Tokyo.b. John studied in Japan.2)a. Mary helped Jane.b. Jane was helped by Mary.20 Classify the following pairs of antonyms.(2 points)innocent—guiltyhospitable—unfriendlyparent—childtrue—false21 How do you understand syntagmatic and paradigmatic relations?22 How do you understand the Cooperative Principle postulated by Grice? What are the four maxims?23 How many syllables does the word "teacher" have? What are they? How many morphemes does it have? What are they?24 How do you understand "duality" , a design feature of language?25 How do you understand the performative function of language?。

2010年北京第二外国语学院二外英语考研真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. 2. 3. 4. 5.Most people who travel long distance complain of jetlag. Jetlag makes business travelers less productive and more prone【C1】______making mistakes. It is actually caused【C2】______of your “ body clock”—a small cluster of brain cells that controls the timing of biological【C3】______. The body clock is designed for a【C4】______rhythm of daylight and darkness, so that it is thrown out of balance when it 【C5】______daylight and darkness at the “ wrong” times in a new time zone. The symptoms of jetlag often persist for days【C6】______the internal body clock slowly adjusts to the new time zone. Now a new anti-jetlag system is【C7】______that is based on proven tentative pioneering scientific research. Dr. Martin Ede had【C8】______a practical strategy to adjust the body clock much sooner to the new time zone 【C9】______controlled exposure to bright light. The time zone shift is easy to accomplish and eliminates【C10】______of the discomfort of jetlag. A successful time zone shift depends on knowing the exact time to either【C11】______or avoid bright light. Exposure to light at the wrong time can actually make jetlag worse . The proper schedule【C12】______light exposure depends a great deal on specific travel plans. Data on a specific flight itinerary and the individual’s sleep【C13】______are used to Produce a Trip Guide with【C14】______on exactly when to be exposed to bright light. When the Trip Guide calls for bright light you should spend time outdoors if possible. If it is dark outside, or the weather is bad, 【C15】______you are on an airplane, you can use a special light device to provide the necessary light stimulus for a range of activities such as reading, watching TV or working.1．【C1】A．fromB．ofC．forD．to正确答案：D解析：be prone to有…倾向的，易于…的，固定搭配。

北京外国语大学英语学院英语语言文学专业二外法语1995——2009二外德语1995——2009二外日语1995——2009二外俄语1995——2009二外西班牙语1998——2009二外法语（MTI）2010二外德语（MTI）2010二外日语（MTI）2010二外俄语（MTI）2010二外西班牙语（MTI）2010基础英语1995——2010（2000——2009有答案）基础英语（外研中心外语教育、外国语言专业）2007——2010英美文学1995——2010（2002——2008有答案）英美文学（外国文学所）2009英美文学文论与文化研究（外国文学所）2010英语语言学和应用语言学1995——2010（注：1995——1997年称“英语应用语言学”）（2002——2009有答案）美国社会文化研究1990，1995——2010（1990有答案）英国社会文化研究1995——2010澳大利亚研究1995——2010英、汉互译（笔译）（英语学院）2009英语翻译理论与实践（英语学院）1997——2008，2010（2000——2001，2003——2005有答案）英汉同声传译（高翻学院）1998——2008（2002——2005有答案）英汉互译（同声传译）（高翻学院）2009——2010复语同声传译专业试卷（高翻学院）2009——2010英语翻译基础（MTI笔译方向）2010汉语写作与百科知识（MTI笔译方向）2010翻译硕士专业学位（MTI）英汉互译（笔译）2009——2010翻译硕士专业学位（MTI）英汉互译（口译）2009——2010英汉对比与翻译2001高级翻译1995——1997外语教育2008——2009英语教育2002——2007外语语言研究方向专业试卷2008英语综合1985，1995——2002（1985有答案）语言测试2002——2007普通语言学2007普通语言学、外语教学2004——2006（2004——2005有答案）普通语言学及应用语言学（外研中心）2010句法、第二语言习得2003综合考试（含国际政治、汉语）2000——2002英语新闻业务与新闻学基础知识2006——2009国际新闻2010国际法学专业（无此试卷）外交学专业综合考试（含国际政治、汉语）2000——2002中国外语教育研究中心外国语语言学及应用语言学专业二外法语1995——2009二外德语1995——2009二外日语1995——2009二外俄语1995——2009二外西班牙语1998——2009二外法语（MTI）2010二外德语（MTI）2010二外日语（MTI）2010二外俄语（MTI）2010二外西班牙语（MTI）2010基础英语1995——2010（2000——2009有答案）基础英语（外研中心外语教育、外国语言专业）2007——2010英美文学1995——2010（2002——2008有答案）英美文学（外国文学所）2009英美文学文论与文化研究（外国文学所）2010英语语言学和应用语言学1995——2010（注：1995——1997年称“英语应用语言学”）（2002——2009有答案）美国社会文化研究1990，1995——2010（1990有答案）英国社会文化研究1995——2010澳大利亚研究1995——2010英、汉互译（笔译）（英语学院）2009英语翻译理论与实践（英语学院）1997——2008，2010（2000——2001，2003——2005有答案）英汉同声传译（高翻学院）1998——2008（2002——2005有答案）英汉互译（同声传译）（高翻学院）2009——2010复语同声传译专业试卷（高翻学院）2009——2010英语翻译基础（MTI笔译方向）2010汉语写作与百科知识（MTI笔译方向）2010翻译硕士专业学位（MTI）英汉互译（笔译）2009——2010翻译硕士专业学位（MTI）英汉互译（口译）2009——2010英汉对比与翻译2001高级翻译1995——1997外语教育2008——2009英语教育2002——2007外语语言研究方向专业试卷2008英语综合1985，1995——2002（1985有答案）文化语言学2007语言测试2002——2007普通语言学2007普通语言学、外语教学2004——2006（2004——2005有答案）普通语言学及应用语言学（外研中心）2010句法、第二语言习得2003综合考试（含国际政治、汉语）2000——2002外国文学所英语语言文学专业二外法语1995——2009二外德语1995——2009二外日语1995——2009二外俄语1995——2009二外西班牙语1998——2009二外法语（MTI）2010二外德语（MTI）2010二外日语（MTI）2010二外俄语（MTI）2010二外西班牙语（MTI）2010基础英语1995——2010（2000——2009有答案）基础英语（外研中心外语教育、外国语言专业）2007——2010英美文学1995——2010（2002——2008有答案）英美文学（外国文学所）2009英美文学文论与文化研究（外国文学所）2010英语语言学和应用语言学1995——2010（注：1995——1997年称“英语应用语言学”）（2002——2009有答案）美国社会文化研究1990，1995——2010（1990有答案）英国社会文化研究1995——2010澳大利亚研究1995——2010英、汉互译（笔译）（英语学院）2009英语翻译理论与实践（英语学院）1997——2008，2010（2000——2001，2003——2005有答案）英汉同声传译（高翻学院）1998——2008（2002——2005有答案）英汉互译（同声传译）（高翻学院）2009——2010复语同声传译专业试卷（高翻学院）2009——2010英语翻译基础（MTI笔译方向）2010汉语写作与百科知识（MTI笔译方向）2010翻译硕士专业学位（MTI）英汉互译（笔译）2009——2010翻译硕士专业学位（MTI）英汉互译（口译）2009——2010英汉对比与翻译2001高级翻译1995——1997外语教育2008——2009英语教育2002——2007外语语言研究方向专业试卷2008英语综合1985，1995——2002（1985有答案）语言测试2002——2007普通语言学2007普通语言学、外语教学2004——2006（2004——2005有答案）普通语言学及应用语言学（外研中心）2010句法、第二语言习得2003综合考试（含国际政治、汉语）2000——2002德语语言文学专业二外英语1997——2003（2000——2003有答案）德国外交经济2000——2005德国文学2001——2005德语翻译理论与实践2000——2005基础德语2000——2005德语教学法2004——2005德语跨文化经济交际2000——2005德语语言学2000——2005国际问题研究所外交学专业综合考试（含国际政治、汉语）2000——2002社会科学部外交学专业综合考试（含国际政治、汉语）2000——2002国际商学院外交学专业综合考试（含国际政治、汉语）2000——2002俄语学院俄语语言文学专业二外英语1997——2003（2000——2003有答案）俄罗斯社会与文化2002——2003，2005俄罗斯文学2002——2005俄语翻译2004俄语翻译技巧2002翻译理论（俄语专业）2003俄语翻译理论与实践2005俄语基础2004——2005俄语语言学基础理论2002——2004现代俄语语言学2005俄语综合2002法语系法语语言文学专业二外英语1997——2003（2000——2003有答案）欧洲语言学专业二外英语1997——2003（2000——2003有答案）德语系德语语言文学专业二外英语1997——2003（2000——2003有答案）德国外交经济2000——2005德国文学2001——2005德语翻译理论与实践2000——2005基础德语2000——2005德语教学法2004——2005德语跨文化经济交际2000——2005德语语言学2000——2005日语系日语语言文学专业二外英语1997——2003（2000——2003有答案）日本社会文化2004（日语系）日本语言文学2004（日语系）以下试卷为日研中心试卷，仅供参考：专业日语2009（2009有答案）基础日语1997——2006，2008——2009（2000——2006，2008——2009有答案）日本概况2003——2005（2003——2005有答案）日本社会1997——2004（2000——2004有答案）日本社会经济2008（2008有答案）日本社会日本经济2005——2006（2005——2006有答案）日本文化1997——2004，2008（2000——2004，2008有答案）日本文学1997——2004，2008（2000——2004，2008有答案）日本文学日本文化2005——2006（2005——2006有答案）日本语言1997——2004（2000——2004有答案）日本语教育2008（2008答案）日本语言日本教育2005——2006（2005——2006有答案）日本语学2008（2008有答案）综合考试（日语专业）1997——2002（2000——2002有答案）日研中心日语语言文学专业二外英语1997——2003（2000——2003有答案）专业日语2009（2009有答案）基础日语1997——2006，2008——2009（2000——2006，2008——2009有答案）日本概况2003——2005（2003——2005有答案）日本社会1997——2004（2000——2004有答案）日本社会经济2008（2008有答案）日本社会日本经济2005——2006（2005——2006有答案）日本文化1997——2004，2008（2000——2004，2008有答案）日本文学1997——2004，2008（2000——2004，2008有答案）日本文学日本文化2005——2006（2005——2006有答案）日本语言1997——2004（2000——2004有答案）日本语教育2008（2008答案）日本语言日本教育2005——2006（2005——2006有答案）日本语学2008（2008有答案）综合考试（日语专业）1997——2002（2000——2002有答案）西葡系西班牙语语言文学专业二外英语1997——2003（2000——2003有答案）西班牙语基础2003——2004（其中2004年的试卷共12页，缺P11-12）西班牙语专业2003——2004欧洲语言学专业二外英语1997——2003（2000——2003有答案）阿语系阿拉伯语语言文学专业二外英语1997——2003（2000——2003有答案）欧洲语系欧洲语言文学专业二外英语1997——2003（2000——2003有答案）亚非语系亚非语言文学专业（无此试卷）国际交流学院语言学及应用语言学专业比较文学概论2004海外汉学2003——2004现代汉语1999古代汉语1999综合考试（含国际政治、汉语）2000——2002综合考试（含古代汉语、古代文学、现当代文学）2001中国历史文化2001历史文化综合1999——2000语言学与应用语言学专业综合2000语言学及现代汉语2000——2001比较文学与世界文学专业比较文学概论2004海外汉学2003——2004中国古代文学专业综合考试（含古代汉语、古代文学、现当代文学）2001高翻学院外国语语言学及应用语言学专业二外法语1995——2009二外德语1995——2009二外日语1995——2009二外俄语1995——2009二外西班牙语1998——2009二外法语（MTI）2010二外德语（MTI）2010二外日语（MTI）2010二外俄语（MTI）2010二外西班牙语（MTI）2010基础英语1995——2010（2000——2009有答案）基础英语（外研中心外语教育、外国语言专业）2007——2010英汉互译（同声传译）（高翻学院）2009——2010英汉同声传译（高翻学院）1998——2008（2002——2005有答案）英、汉互译（笔译）（英语学院）2009英语翻译理论与实践（英语学院）1997——2008，2010（2000——2001，2003——2005有答案）复语同声传译专业试卷（高翻学院）2009——2010英语翻译基础（MTI笔译方向）2010汉语写作与百科知识（MTI笔译方向）2010翻译硕士专业学位（MTI）英汉互译（笔译）2009——2010翻译硕士专业学位（MTI）英汉互译（口译）2009——2010英汉对比与翻译2001高级翻译1995——1997外语教育2008——2009英语教育2002——2007外语语言研究方向专业试卷2008英语综合1985，1995——2002（1985有答案）语言测试2002——2007普通语言学2007普通语言学、外语教学2004——2006（2004——2005有答案）普通语言学及应用语言学（外研中心）2010句法、第二语言习得2003综合考试（含国际政治、汉语）2000——2002英语语言学和应用语言学1995——2010（注：1995——1997年称“英语应用语言学”）（2002——2009有答案）。

北二外2010年真题回忆版1)翻译硕士英语阅读: 三篇,两篇选择10个题,一篇判断10个题。

(20分)文章不长也不难,答案都很容易找到完型:盲填（10分）关于地震的,10个空,不难名词解释:1 、10个,每个2分（20分）囧、《红楼梦》、《毛泽东语录》、奥巴马、奥斯卡奖、APEC2、给出一个句子,然后给出翻译,中间空几个空让填。

不难,但是不能直译,比如有个是说一个人是the king of kings,有个是说一个软件的名字,好像是叫“绿坝”吧（30分）翻译:英译汉我没看完,大致是公司什么的汉译英:H1N1,很官腔的文章（20分）作文:话题二选一 200字左右。

1、大致意思是中国和美国的价值观有差异,有人说,将来儒家思想会统治美国。

第二个好像是一段诗,没仔细看give your comments on the following paragraph2)英语翻译基础词语翻译,缩略语要写出全称汉译英 (15个，15分)论语、颐和园、《钦定圣经》、天坛、音译、对等翻译、英译汉（15个，15分）SARS、 SOHO、文章英译汉1、一段记叙文一名外教要学生就校园生活写作文,一个要留校的看似老实巴交的学生把原本很垃圾的学校餐厅夸了个天花烂醉,但是外教不明就里,还认为这是好文章,其他同学都很气愤2、一段说明文对温哥华的大致简介,主要说其中的居民大都是移民,而中国移民更是占很大比重,为温哥华的经济发展做出很大贡献文章汉译英:1、怀疑是十七大报告之类的一篇政治发言稿,用词很政治,没有实际含义..比如坚定不移地走中国特色社会主义道路;坚持三个代表邓小平理论;坚持科学发展观;走创新道路;坚持实事求是的原则;高举什么什么旗帜.....(只有四五行吧,很短)2、朱自清《荷塘月色》“这几天心里颇不宁静”那一段3)汉语写作与百科知识百科知识 25个选择题,每题俩空1、在人类进入21世纪前，BBC于1990年秋天选出了千年最伟大、最有影响的思想家,第一名是（马克思）,第二名是（爱因斯坦）2、中国古代一些文学家按时间顺序排序3、唐朝的一些文学家排序4、世界三大男高音之二,给出名字,选国籍5、中国军衔制度开始于（1955）年?第一次是谁授予的6、中国的农业制度的起止时间7、惰性元素8、卤族元素9、楷体是正式还是规范字体10、京剧由哪两个剧种演变而来11、故宫的那些门排序12、科学发展观13、某个哲学原理14、画的分类15、24史中哪两个有新旧之分其他的一时想不起了·应用文：自我介绍 450字左右·命题作文：我看＂大学生就业难＂不少于800字。

1.3考研真题与典型题详解I. Fill in the blanks. 1. The features that define our human languages can be called ______ features. (北二外2006研)2. Linguistics is usually defined as the ______study of language. (北二外2003研)3. Language, broadly speaking, is a means of______ communication.4. In any language words can be used in new ways to mean new things and can be combined into innumerable sentences ba sed on limited rules. This feature is usually termed______5. Linguistics is the scientific study of______.6. Modern linguistic is______ in the sense that the linguist tries to discover what language is rather than lay down some rul es for people to observe.7. One general principle of linguistic analysis is the primacy of ______ over writing.8. The branch of linguistics which studies the sound patterns of a language is called ______. (北二外2003研)9. The branch of grammar which studies the internal structure of words is called______. (北二外2004研)10. ______mainly studies the characteristics of speech sounds and provides methods for their description, classification and transcription. (北二外2005研)11. Semantics and ______investigate different aspects of linguistic meaning. (北二外2007研)12. In linguistics, ______ refers to the study of the rules governing the way words are combined to form sentences in a lang uage, or simply, the study of the formation as sentence. (中山大学2008研)13. ______can be defined as the study of language in use. Sociolinguistics, on the other hand, attempts to show the relations hip between language and society.14. The branch of grammar which studies the internal structure of sentence is called _______. (北二外2008研)15. Saussure distinguished the linguistic competence of the speaker and the actual phenomena or data of linguistics (utteran ces) as and . The former refers to the abstract linguisticlinguistic system shared by all the members of a speech community, and the latter is the concrete manifestation of language either through speech or through writing. (人大2006研)16. The description of a language as it changes through time is a ______ study.17. Linguistic potential is similar to Saussure’s langue and Cho msky’s______.18. One of the important distinctions in linguistics is ______ and parole. The former is the French word for “language”, whi ch is the abstract knowledge necessary for speaking，listening，writing and reading. The latter is concerned about the actual use of language by people in speech or writing. Parole is more variable and may change according to contextual factors.19. One of the important distinctions in linguistics is and performance. (人大2006研)20. Chomsky initiated the distinction between ______ and performances. (北二外2007研)II. Multiple Choice1.Which of the following is NOT a frequently discussed design feature? (大连外国语学院2008研)A. ArbitrarinessB. ConventionC. Duality2.Which of the following words is entirely arbitrary? (西安交大2008研)A. treeB. crashC. typewriterD. bang3. A linguist regards the changes in language and languages use as______.A. unnaturalB. something to be fearedC. naturalD. abnormal4. Which of the following property of language enables language users to overcome the barriers caused by time and place, d ue to this feature of language, speakers of a language are free to talk about anything in any situation? A. Transferability.B. Duality.C. Displacement.D. Arbitrariness:5. The study of physical properties of the sounds produced in speech is closely connected with______. (大连外国语学院2008研)A. articulatory phoneticsB. acoustic phoneticsC. auditory phonetics6. Which of the following statements is true of Jacobson’s framework of language functions?A. The referential function is to indulge in language for its own sake.B. The emotive function is to convey message and inf ormation.C. The conative function is to clear up intentions, words and meanings.D. The phatic function is to establish communion w ith others.7.Which of the following is a main branch of linguistics? (大连外国语学院2008研)A. MacrolinguisticsB. PsycholinguisticsC. Sociolinguistics8. ______ refers to the system of a language, i. e. the arrangement of sounds and words which speakers of a language have a shared knowledge of. (西安外国语学院2006研)A. LangueB. CompetenceC. Communicative competenceD. Linguistic potential9.The study of language at one point in time is a _______ study. (北二外2010研)A. historicalB. synchronicC. descriptiveD. diachronic10. “An refer to Confucius even though he was dead 2,000 years ago. ” This shows that language has the design feature of _ ____.A. arbitrarinessB. creativityC. dualityD. displacement11. The function of the sentence “Water boils at 100 degree Centigrade” is .A. interrogativeB. directiveC. informativeD. performative 12.Saussure is closely connected with______. (大连外国语学院2008研) A. Langue B. Competence C. EticIII. True or False1. Onomatopoeic words can show the arbitrary nature of language. (清华2000研)2. Competence and performance refer respectively to a language user’s underlying knowledge about the system of rules and the actual use of language in concrete situations.3. Language is a means of verbal communication. Therefore, the communication way used by the deaf-mute is not language4. Arbitrariness of language makes it potentially creative, and conventionality of language makes a language be passed from generation to generation. As a foreign language learner, the latter is mere important for us.5. The features that define our human languages can be called DESIGN FEATURES. (大连外国语学院2008研)6. By diachronic study we mean to study the changes and development of language.7. Langue is relatively stable and systematic while parole is subject to personal and situational constraints.8. Language change is universal, ongoing and arbitrary.9. In language classrooms nowadays the grammar taught to students is basically descriptive, and more attention is paid to the developing learners’ communicative skills.10. Language is a system of arbitrary, written signs which permit all the people in a given culture, or other people who have learned the system of that culture, to communicate or interact.11. Saussure’s exposition of synchronic analysis led to the school of historical linguistics.12. Applied linguistics is the application of linguistic principles and theories to language teaching and learning.13. Wherever humans exist, language exists. (对外经贸2006研)14. Historical linguistics equals to the study of synchronic study.15. Duality is one of the characteristics of human language. It refers to the fact that language has two levels of structures: the system of sounds and the system of meanings.16. Prescriptive linguistics is more popular than descriptive linguistics, because it can tell us how to speak correct language. IV. Explain the following terms.1.Duality (北二外2010研；南开大学2010研)2.Design featurespetence4.Displacement (南开大学2010研；清华2001研)5.Diachronic linguistics6. Descriptive linguistics7.Arbitrariness(四川大学2006研)V. Short answer questions1. Briefly explain what phonetics and phonology are concerned with and what kind of relationships hold between the two. (北外2002研)参考答案及解析I.Fill in the blanks.1.Design (人类语言区别于其他动物交流系统的特点是语言的区别特征，是人类语言特有的特征。