Academic Writing

Unit 5: Academic WritingAcademic writing is an essential skill for graduate students. Whether it's writing research papers, essays, or dissertations, the ability to conveyplex ideas in a clear and organized manner is crucial for success in academia. In this unit, we will delve into the keyponents of academic writing, including structure, language, and style, and offer practical tips for developing your skills in this area.1. Understanding the Structure of Academic WritingAcademic writing typically follows a specific structure that includes an introduction, body, and conclusion. The introduction should provide background information on the topic and clearly state the purpose of the paper. The body should present evidence, arguments, and analysis to support the m本人n thesis, while the conclusion should summarize the key points and reiterate the significance of the research. Understanding and following this structure is essential for producing coherent and persuasive academic writing.2. Developing an Academic Writing StyleAcademic writing requires a formal and objective tone. This means avoiding colloquial language, personal opinions, and emotional language. Instead, focus on using clear, precise, and formal language to convey your arguments and ideas. Additionally, pay attention to the use of citations and referencing to acknowledge the sources of your information and evidence. Developing a strong academic writing style takes practice, but it is a crucial skill for graduate students to master.3. Using Language Effectively in Academic WritingIn academic writing, it is important to use language that is precise and unambiguous. Avoid vague or ambiguous language, as this can weaken the clarity and effectiveness of your writing. Additionally, pay attention to the use of transitions and cohesive devices to ensure smooth and logical connections between ideas. By using language effectively, you can enhance the coherence and flow of your academic writing.4. Incorporating Research and EvidenceAcademic writing is heavily reliant on research and evidence tosupport arguments and cl本人ms. As a graduate student, it is important to develop strong research skills and the ability to critically evaluate sources. This includes identifying reliable and credible sources, synthesizing information from multiple sources, and effectively integrating evidence into your writing. By incorporating research and evidence, you can strengthen the validity and persuasiveness of your academic writing.5. Editing and Revising Academic WritingEffective academic writing is the result of careful editing and revision. After drafting your paper, take the time to review and revise it for clarity, coherence, and organization. Pay attention to the overall structure and flow of the paper, as well as the language, style, and tone. Additionally, proofread your work for grammar, punctuation, and spelling errors. By editing and revising your academic writing, you can ensure that it meets the highest standards of clarity and accuracy.ConclusionAcademic writing is a fundamental skill for graduate students, and mastering this skill is key to success in academia. Byunderstanding the structure of academic writing, developing a formal and objective writing style, using language effectively, incorporating research and evidence, and editing and revising your work, you can produce high-quality academic writing that is clear, coherent, and persuasive. With practice and dedication, you can continue to refine your skills in academic writing and excel in your academic pursuits.。

Academic Writing（学术英语写作）中国大学mooc课后章节答案期末考试题库2023年1.__________ is a very unique genre in academic context for it recalls what youhave learned.答案:Reflective writing2.__________ will contain raw data and other materials not central to the mainwork.答案:Appendix3.__________are a way of combing two sentences which have a close relationshipinto one.答案:Semicolons4.What is problem in the following statement?"Many people like large families."答案:Unspecific language5.What hedgin g language is used here to show the author’s degree ofconfidence?“One of the main functions of the pancreas is to produce hormones.”答案:Adjective6.The words “this”, “which” and “likewise” can be used as __________.答案:reference7.Read the following definition and identify the problem in it."By commercial advertisements, I mean these tricks and traps manufacturers use to advocate their products in all kinds of mass media."答案:Loaded definition with negative emotions8.Which of the following is NOT true about a paragraph developed byclassification?答案:Items from different classes can be discussed here.9.Read the following sentences and decide what kind of causal analysis thesesentences follow?"What has sparked the increasing interest in exercise? Firstly, people have gained a greater awareness of the need for physical fitness. Furthermore, the constantly improving standard of living enables Chinese people to patronize the increasing number of recreational venues. The main thing perhapscenters on the healthcare and psychological benefits exercise provides."答案:One single effect is caused by multiple causes.10.When we are planning to write an essay developed by comparison orcontrast, what should we consider as the first step?答案:Points of comparison11.Which of the following is NOT a function of the Conclusion?答案:It adds some new evidence or ideas to the essay.12.Read the following short paragraph and decide which arguing approach is used here."Autonomous vehicles (AVs) are imperfect, but they are likely to eventually become safer drivers than humans. According to data of automotive fatalities from the World Health Organization in 2018, 1.35 million humans died in car accidents, with tens of millions more injuries and disabilities (World Health Organization, 2018). Few of those deaths were the results of part failure or bad luck; the majority results from intoxication, texting while driving, and other distractions."答案:deductive13.Look at the copyright page of a book. What is the publishing house?答案: Routledge14.Look at the copyright page of a book, who is the author of the book?答案:Stephen Bailey15.In general, titles of science papers have around __________ words.答案:10-1516.When writing the Results section, we should consider the following steps__________:①summarize your findings with the relevant data②determine which results to present③present the data in an appropriate way④organize the data in order答案:②④③①17.From specific to general, a conclusion should contain: ____________,_______________, __________, _______________.①restatement of research purpose②limitation and recommendation③implications and significance④synthesis of main results答案:①④③②18.Which of the following is correct when the same author is cited for twopapers published within the same year?答案:Ellis, 2019a; Ellis, 2019b19._________ can include a general topic in the first part and a specific topic abouta distinctive feature of the study in the second part, which are oftenconnected by a colon.答案:Two-part titles20.__________ is a series of words that will often appear together.答案:Collocation21.“Replacing some of the author’s words in your text with synonyms, butmaintaining the overall structures and the vocabulary of the original” is not considered as plagiarism.答案:错误22.Academic writing is complicated.答案:错误23.In your academic writing, you should try to maximize the number of contentwords. One way to do this is to increase the number of nouns or nounphrases.答案:正确24.Many collocations in English contain function words, such as nouns, verbs,adjectives and adverbs.答案:错误25.Only transitional words, such as “because” and “thus”, can be regarded asgood transition to achieve coherence.答案:错误26.In an essay developed by comparison and contrast, the block pattern ispreferable in long writing in which there are numerous points underdiscussion.答案:错误27.When we write a conclusion for a process essay, we only need to repeat theinformation mentioned in the essay without providing any specific details.答案:正确28.An argumentative essay is an essay in which you agree with an issue andsupport it with evidence.答案:错误29. A thesis statement may state not only the author’s own point of view but a lsothe view from the other side.答案:正确30.An annotated bibliography include the list of all your sources and thesummary of the content of each source.答案:正确31.The following is an acceptable direct quotation:Gould and Brown (1991) explained that Darwin used the metaphor of thetree of life "to express the other form of interconnectedness–genealogicalrather than ecological” (p. 14).Reference:Gould, J. & Brown, A. (1991). The mating mind. Behavior Ecology,22(3),10-19.答案:正确32.Titles need to keep short and concise, and attracts the reader’s attention.答案:正确33.The abstract is the first thing you write.答案:错误34.An abstract should be fully understandable on its own to someone whohasn’t read your full paper or related sources.答案:正确35. A formal review of literature should be in the Introduction section of aresearch paper.答案:错误。

学术英语写作是学术界中常用的书面语言，主要用于发表研究论文、学术论文、会议论文等。

学术英语写作需要遵循一定的规范和格式，包括文献引用、语言表达、逻辑结构等方面。

学术英语写作要求清晰、准确、严谨地表达学术观点和研究成果，同时要遵守学术道德和规范，避免抄袭、剽窃等行为。

学术英语写作需要具备一定的学术素养和英语语言能力。

作者需要具备相关领域的学术背景和专业知识，能够准确理解和阐述研究问题、实验结果和结论等。

同时，作者需要具备较高的英语语言水平，能够清晰、准确地表达学术观点和研究成果，并能够正确使用相关的学术术语和表达方式。

学术英语写作需要注重逻辑性和条理性。

在写作过程中，作者需要遵循一定的逻辑结构和表达方式，确保文章思路清晰、条理分明。

同时，作者需要注重推理和论证的严密性，确保结论和观点的正确性和可靠性。

总之，学术英语写作是学术界中非常重要的技能之一，对于学术研究和成果的传播都具有重要意义。

作者需要不断提高自己的学术素养和英语语言能力，掌握学术英语写作的规范和技巧，才能写出高质量的学术论文和研究成果。

Introduction to Academic Writing1.Purposes of Academic Writing1)To advance knowledge in a research field with evidence2)To explain new ideas and make them accessible to others3)To solve practical problems2.Genres of Academic WritingResearch papers Research reportsTheses/dissertations Short communicationsReview articles Oral presentations/posters3.Features of Academic Writing1)Formality:Academic writing is formal.2)Objectivity:Academic writing sets a high value on objectivity.3)Accuracy:Academic writing uses vocabulary accurately.4)Complexity:Academic writing involves a highly specialized vocabulary and rigorous sentence structures5)Hedging:An important feature of academic writing is the use of cautious language.References1.Winkler,Anthony and Jo Ray Metherell.Writing the Research Paper:A Handbook.Beijing:Peking University Press,2017.2.胡庚申.论文写作与国际发表.北京：外语教学与研究出版社,2016.3.胡友珍.英语学术论文写作教程.北京：中国农业大学出版社，2013.4.刘振聪，修月祯.英语学术论文写作.北京：中国人民大学出版社，2009.5.张俊东，杨亲正，国防.SCI论文写作和发表：You Can Do It.北京：化学工业出版社，2016。

The difference between academic writing and general writingThat the academic writing and general writing are quite different. There are three main ways to distinguish between them.In the first place, Academic writing is more rigorous than general writing. For example, it uses formal vocabulary and grammar. On the contrary, General writing is more common, it can use all kinds of abbreviations as long as they can understand.Secondly, academic writing is based on an objective and fair attitude. When you express your opinion you can not just depend on personal preference. However general writing can be very subjective. You do not need the exact date or specific details to support your view.Finally, the user of academic writing and general writing is different. Academic writing is always used in university. General writing is used in general public. For instance, friends contact with each other by letters and emails. If you use the general writing style to complete the academic writing tasks .You tutor will not satisfied and you will get a vary low grades.In conclusion, we had better use the proper writing methods in different type of writing.。

学术文章与其他写作形式的区别英语作文Academic Writing vs Other WritingHi there! My name is Tommy and I'm going to tell you about the differences between academic writing and other kinds of writing. Academic writing is the type of writing you might see in textbooks, research papers, and scholarly journals. Other kinds of writing include things like stories, poems, newspaper articles, and even texts or emails to your friends.The biggest difference is the purpose. Academic writing aims to inform, analyze, and explain complex ideas and research findings. Its goal is to increase knowledge and understanding about a topic. Other types of writing can have many different purposes - to entertain, persuade, describe, express feelings, and so on.Another big difference is the audience. Academic writing is meant for scholars, professors, researchers, and students - people who already know a lot about the subject. The writers have to use very precise vocabulary and explain things in a formal, advanced way. Other writing is often for a general audience who may not know much about the topic, so the language has to be clear and easy to understand.The tone is also quite different. Academic writing has to be objective, unbiased, and impersonal. The writers can't use "I" or "you" or share their own opinions and feelings directly. It has to sound very serious and professional. Other writing can have more personal tones - humorous, passionate, witty, or emotional. The writers can say things like "I think..." or "In my experience..."The structures are different too. Academic papers follow strict guidelines on how to format things like the title page, headings, citations, and references. There's an introduction that states the purpose, a literature review of past research, a methodology section explaining how the study was done, results describing the findings, and a discussion/conclusion section. Most other writing doesn't have such rigid structures.Vocabulary is another big differentiator. Academic writing is full of specialized terminology and complex words related to the subject matter. Simple words are rarely used when there is a much longer, Greek/Latin term available! In contrast, other writing typically uses an everyday vocabulary that is easy for most people to grasp.Here's an example to illustrate the difference:Academic: "The interdisciplinary phenomenon of anthropogenic global warming has become a predominant focalissue for contemporary environmental discourse and ecological preservation efforts."Non-academic: "Climate change caused by human activities has become a major talking point and concern for the environment lately."See how different those sound? The academic version is so much more formal and uses super fancy vocabulary!Regardless of the type, good writing always has a clear purpose and suits its intended audience. But academic writing just takes those qualities to the extreme with its formality, objectivity, complexity, and strict style guidelines.In school, you'll likely start practicing different forms of writing from an early age through things like journal entries, stories, letters, and reports. Academic writing doesn't really get introduced until later in your education when you start researching topics in-depth. By then, you'll be expected to know how to properly cite your sources, organize your ideas logically, and avoid subjective language.For me, I actually find academic writing kind of fun - it's like cracking a secret code with all its rules and special terminology. But I definitely appreciate how other writing lets you expressyourself more freely and creatively. Both styles are important for different purposes.Well, that's my take on the key distinctions between academic and other writing forms. Let me know if any part was confusing or if you have additional questions! I'm always happy to learn more about this stuff. Thanks for reading!。

Academic Writing Skills.au/tldinfo/writingskills/podcasts/nursingwritingskills09.pptgenre: a style of expressingyourself in writingWhether you’re a studentsor supervisors, academic writing skills are significant in today’sworld.EssaysReports PresentationsResearch papers Final thesisare just some examples ofdocuments written in the academic style.an analytic or interpretive literary compositionAcademic writing, when used appropriately, presents a polished and professional image.Academic writing skillsencompass:¾strong composition ¾excellent grammar¾a consistent stylistic approach[in'k ʌmp əs]include in scope [stai'listik]perfected or made shiny and smoothof or relating to style(especially in the use oflanguage) It is a learnt skill, rather thana natural ability or quality.2. What is academic writing?Academic writing refers to a particular styleof expression in academia.3. Features of Academic WritingAcademic writing in English is linear, which means it has onecentral point or theme with every part contributing to the main lineof argument, without digressions or repetitions . [dai'gre ʃən]a message that departs from the main subject[.repi'ti ʃən]ComplexityWritten language is relatively more complex than spoken language.FormalityAcademic writing is relativelyformal. In general this means that you should avoid colloquial words.PrecisionIn academic writing, facts andfigures are given precisely .ObjectivityWritten language is in generalobjective. Academic writing tends to use nouns (and adjectives), rather than verbs (and adverbs).Exp’licitnessAcademic writing is explicit about the relationships in the text.AccuracyAcademic writing uses vocabulary accurately.HedgingIn academic writing, it is necessary to make decisions about your stance on a particular subject.ResponsibilityIn academic writing you must be responsible for, and must be able to provide evidence and justification for, any claims you make.[k ə’l əʊkwi:əl] [pri’si ʒən] [pr ɪ’sa ɪsli] [,ɔbd ʒek’tiv əti] Attitude or feeling Characteristics includeEmploying the formal academic style, avoiding jargon , slang , andabbreviations a way of regarding situationsor topics etc.：position , view[p ə'spektiv]Synonyms [t əun]a characteristic language of a particular groupinformal language consisting of words and expressionsA formal toneUse of the third-person rather than first-person perspective Clear focus on the issue or topic rather than the author’s opinion Precise word choiceinvestigate conduct examine verify demonstrate eliminateCharacteristics of informal writingz the use ofcolloquialisms andjargonz writing in the first person viewz making “I”statements, making direct personal statements, andimprecise word choices.[k ə’l əukwi əliz(ə)m] slang, dialect[.impri'sais]characteristic of informal spokenlanguage or conversationJust as you probably would wear shorts and flip-flops to a wedding, there’s a time and a place for informalwriting . Informal writing is fine for diary entries, blogs, personal writing, letters or emails to close friends.The most informal writingimaginable is:z the text message, full of abbreviations such as “R U here ?”toconvey quick questions and responses. z In comparison, the most formal writing of all can be found in legal documents .[i'mæd ʒin əbl][‘pai ərit]someone who uses another person's work or ideas as if they were his own‘plagiarism Writers working on papersfor school, college application essays , scientific papers,research papers , international conference presentations , and business proposals generally employ a more formal style akin to donning a suit or dressto attend a wedding.[ə'kin]similar or related in quality or characterput clothing on one's body['d ɔni ŋ]4. Tips on academic writing ExamplesInformal writing :I think he ’s a loser .Formal writing :Macbeth’s horrific choices cause him to lose everything he holds dear :children, wife, friends, crown and king.frightening colon [ 'k əʊl ən]？The first statement is informal. The writer speaks in the first person , using the word “I”, and states an opinion . The slang term “loser ”, is used, which is inappropriate in a formal context. They also uses the contraction “he’s ”. If this were in the middle of a paragraph, it may be easier to understand towhom the author is referring.Taken as a simple statement, however, it’simpossible to know whether the writer thinks his best friend, hisdog, or a rock star is a loser !The second example uses an academic, formal style . Written in the third-person view , the sentence omits references to the writer and focuses on the issue. Strong, specific adjectives like “horrific ”convey the author’s view clearly without resorting to slang . The use of the colon creates a strong, formal feeling when properly usedhere to introduce a list .[ 'k əʊl ən]Where’s the resource ??•Library•On-line•Data bases (turn on remote access)•Lectures•Text books•Tutorials•News•Newspapers•Everywhere!!!5. Referencing and plagiarismMost plagiarism is acci’dental; either the result of not understanding what actually amounts to plagiarism, or of being poorly organized, so that we use the ideas of others without realizing that’s what we have done.Whenever the author has given somethingdistinctive to the information or its organization,cite the source.Anything that is common knowledge you need not cite: in other words, anything that is not distinctiveof a particular author.distinguishing /skills4study/studyskills/reading/referencing.aspunintendedWhat is plagiarism?Copying ofpassages/text/work/ideas/data without aproperacknowledgement ofthe author. Thisincludes otherstudents’work.['pleidʒiərizəm]Getting started•Find your time•Find your space•Discipline, self & others•Brain storming, clustering, mind mapping•Free writingtry to solve a problemby thinking intensely about it6. Practice makes perfectIntroduction•What is the question?•Global view from the broad to the narrow •Introduce the :•Who•What•When •Where •Why •How 5W+HThe topic•Why is it being asked?•Is it multi layered?•Does it invite a largely factual response?•Is it looking for a particular stance such asargue or cri’tique?[stæns] positionposturereview, assessment, commentLiterature•Is it current?•Is the author a credible source?•Is the subject relevant?•Clustering•References/endnoteBeginning•A quotation –is it relevant•A question•An opinion•An interesting fact•An irony or paradox•An a’nalogy•And anecdote['ænikdəut]story, narrative(especially a biographical one)[‘aiərəni[‘pærədɔks][ə’nælədʒi](logic) a statementthat contradicts itselfirony witty language富于机智的,诙谐的similarityBodyYour paragraphs should flow naturally into oneanother andconnections shouldbe made.Paragraphs•7-8 sentences•Each should be topic specific, preferably with an introductory sentence•Each sentence states the content/context and then some supporting example which is where the references come in.•The last sentence concludes the paragraph and forwards to the next.Transitional words•Joining words»Also, and, again, etc•Comparing words»Also, in comparison•Contracting words»Although, but, conversely, despite, even though, however•Positioning words»Above, adjacent to, below•Situation words»Before, briefly, consequently, finally, first[træn'zi ʃən əl]Conclusions•Don’t introduce anything new •Draw in the introduction •Demonstrate a conclusion•Give the essay a sense of completeness •Leave a final impression7. A comparison between non-academicand academic writingRevision1.Is writing skills vital for students ofscience and technology ?2. What is academic writing?3. Features of Academic Writing4. Tips on academic writing5. Referencing and plagiarism6. Practice makes perfect7. A comparison between non-academicand academic writing。

学术英语写作summary范文全文共6篇示例，供读者参考篇1Title: An Introduction to Academic WritingHi guys! Today we are going to talk about academic writing. Academic writing is super important because it helps us communicate our ideas in a clear and organized way.First, let's talk about the structure of academic writing. Usually, it has three main parts: introduction, body, and conclusion. The introduction is where you introduce your topic and thesis statement. The body is where you support your thesis with evidence and arguments. And the conclusion is where you summarize your main points and wrap everything up.Next, let's talk about the language of academic writing. It is important to use formal language and avoid slang or contractions. Also, make sure to use proper grammar and spelling.Another important thing in academic writing is to use citations. This means giving credit to the sources you used inyour writing. You can use footnotes, endnotes, or in-text citations to do this.Finally, make sure to revise and edit your writing. Check for any errors in grammar, punctuation, or spelling. It's also a good idea to have someone else read your writing to get feedback.So, that's a basic introduction to academic writing. Remember to practice and keep improving your writing skills. Happy writing!篇2Summary:In the article "The Effects of Technology on Children's Learning", the author explores the impact of technology on children's education. The author discusses how technology can enhance learning by providing access to a vast amount of information and resources. However, the author also highlights the potential negative effects of technology, such as decreased attention span and limited social interaction.The author suggests that it is important for parents and educators to strike a balance between using technology as a learning tool and encouraging traditional forms of learning. Thearticle emphasizes the importance of monitoring children's screen time and ensuring that technology is used in a way that benefits their educational development.Overall, the article acknowledges the benefits of technology in education but also emphasizes the need for caution and moderation. By being mindful of how technology is used, parents and educators can help children to harness the benefits of technology while also promoting healthy cognitive and social development.篇3Summary:Today, I want to talk about academic writing. Academic writing is like the superhero of writing because it is smart, proper, and super cool! When you write academically, you need to use big words and long sentences to show how smart you are. But don't worry, you can always use a dictionary or ask your teacher for help if you get stuck.In academic writing, you need to follow the rules. This means you have to use references and citations to give credit to the people who came up with the ideas you are talking about. This isimportant because it shows that you are honest and respectful of other people's work.Another important thing in academic writing is to stay focused on your topic. You can't just write about whatever you want – you need to stick to the main point and support it with evidence. This can be hard sometimes, but don't give up! Just keep practicing and you'll get better.So, next time you have to write an academic paper, remember to be smart, follow the rules, and stay focused. With these tips, you'll be a superhero of academic writing in no time! Good luck!篇4SummaryLast week, my teacher asked us to write a summary of an academic article for our English class. The article was about the impact of social media on teenagers' mental health. I learned a lot from reading the article, and I want to share some of the key points with you.Firstly, the article discussed how social media can have both positive and negative effects on teenagers' mental health. On theone hand, social media can help teenagers connect with friends and family, express themselves, and find support during difficult times. However, on the other hand, it can also lead to feelings of loneliness, anxiety, and low self-esteem.Secondly, the article highlighted the importance of monitoring and limiting teenagers' use of social media. Excessive use of social media has been linked to a variety of mental health issues, including depression and addiction. Parents and educators play a crucial role in helping teenagers navigate the online world and develop healthy technology habits.Lastly, the article discussed the need for more research on the long-term effects of social media on teenagers' mental health. While some studies have shown a clear link between social media use and mental health problems, more research is needed to fully understand the complex relationship between the two.In conclusion, social media has a significant impact on teenagers' mental health, and it is important for parents, educators, and policymakers to address this issue. By promoting healthy online behaviors and supporting teenagers in developing positive coping strategies, we can help prevent the negative effects of social media on mental health.篇5Oh, hello everyone! Today I want to tell you about academic writing in English. Academic writing is like writing essays or reports for school, but it's more fancy and serious. You have to use big words and make sure your sentences are clear and logical.First, you need to have a good topic. It can be anything you want to learn more about, like animals, space, or even your favorite video game. Then, you have to do research to find information and facts to support your ideas. You can use books, articles, or the internet to find the information you need.Next, you have to organize your ideas into paragraphs. Each paragraph should have a topic sentence that tells the reader what the paragraph is about. You also need to use transition words like "first," "next," and "finally" to help your reader follow along.After you write your paragraphs, you need to write a conclusion to sum up what you've learned. This is where you tell your reader why your topic is important and what you want them to remember.Finally, you have to edit and revise your writing. Make sure your sentences are clear and easy to understand. Check for spelling and grammar mistakes, and make sure you've cited your sources correctly.So, that's how you write an academic paper in English. Remember to choose a good topic, do your research, organize your ideas, write a conclusion, and edit your work. You'll be writing like a pro in no time!篇6Today I read a really cool article about academic writing and I want to share a summary with you guys. The article talks about how to write a good academic paper and gives some tips and tricks.First, the article says that you should start by choosing a topic that interests you. This will make the writing process much more fun and you'll be more motivated to do a good job.Next, the article recommends doing some research on your topic. You should read a lot of books and articles to get a good understanding of the subject. This will help you come up with some original ideas for your paper.When you start writing, the article suggests making an outline first. This will help you organize your thoughts and make sure your paper flows well.After you finish writing, it's important to edit and proofread your paper. You should check for spelling and grammar mistakes, as well as make sure your ideas are clear and easy to understand.Overall, the article emphasizes the importance of writing clearly and concisely. You should avoid using too many fancy words or complicated sentences.I think these tips are really helpful and I'm going to try them out next time I have to write a paper. I hope you guys found this summary helpful too!。