投资学课后答案APT

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投资学课后习题及答案

投资学课后习题及答案投资学练习导论习题1证券投资是指投资者购买_______、________、________等有价证券以及这些有价证券的_______以获取________、_________及________的投资行为和投资过程，是直接投资的重要形式。

(填空)2 ____是投资者为实现投资目标所遵循的基本方针和基本准则。

(单选) A证券投资政策 B证券投资分析 C证券投组合 D评估证券投资组合的业绩3 一般来说，证券投资与投机的区别主要可以从________等不同角度进行分析。

(多选) A 动机 B对证券所作的分析方法 C投资期限 D投资对象 E风险倾向4在证券市场中，难免出现投机行为，有投资就必然有投机。

适度的投机有利于证券市场发展(判断)第一至第四章习题1在股份有限公司利润增长时，参与优先股股东除了按固定股息率取得股息外，还可以分得___________。

(填空)2 累积优先股是一种常见的、发行很广泛的优先股股票。

其特点是股息率______，而且可以 ________计算。

(填空)3________不是优先股的特征之一。

(单选)A约定股息率 B股票可由公司赎回 C具有表决权 D优先分派股息和清偿剩余资产。

4 股份有限公司最初发行的大多是_____，通过这类股票所筹集的资金通常是股份有限公司股本的基础。

(单选)A特别股 B优先股 CB股 D普通股5 当公司前景和股市行情看好、盈利增加时，可转换优先股股东的最佳策略是_______ 。

(单选)A转换成参与优先股 B转换成公司债券 C转换成普通股 D转换成累积优先股6 下列外资股中，不属于境外上市外资股的是________。

(单选)A H股 BN股 CB股 DS股7 股份制就是以股份公司为核心，以股票发行为基础，以股票交易为依托。

(判断) 8 可赎回优先股是指允许拥有该股票的股东在一个合理的价格范围内将资金赎回。

(判断) 9________是指在管理层和股东之间发生冲突的可能性，它是由管理层在利益回报方面的控制以及管理人员的低效业绩所产生的问题。

投资学课后习题答案

第一章1. 答：交易机制指市场的交易规则和保证规则实施的技术以及规则和技术对定价机制的影响。

它的主要研究内容包括：从市场微观结构的角度去看，价格是在什么样的规则和程序中形成的，并分析交易机制对资产交易的过程和结果的影响。

2. 答：报价驱动机制与指令驱动机制的区别在于：①价格形成方式不同。

在采用做市商制度的市场上，证券的开盘价格和随后的交易价格是由做市商报出的，而指令驱动制度的开盘价与随后的交易价格都是竞价形成的。

前者从交易系统外部输入价格，后者的成交价格是在交易系统内部生成的。

②信息传递范围与速度不同。

采用做市商机制，投资者买卖指令首先报给做市商，做市商是唯一全面及时知晓买卖信息的交易商，成交量与成交价随后才会传递给整个市场。

在指令驱动机制中，买卖指令、成交量与成交价几乎同步传递给整个市场。

③交易量与价格维护机制不同。

在报价驱动机制中，做市商有义务维护交易量与交易价格。

而指令驱动机制则不存在交易量与交易价格的维护机制。

④处理大额买卖指令的能力不同。

做市商报价驱动机制能够有效处理大额买卖指令。

而在指令驱动机制中，大额买卖指令要等待交易对手的买卖盘，完成交易常常要等待较长时间。

其它交易机制还包括混合交易机制、特殊会员制度等。

3. 答：一般来说，做市商市场的流动性要高于竞价市场，即投资者在竞价市场所面临的执行风险要大于做市商市场。

但是，竞价市场的透明度要好于做市商市场，同时，做市商市场的平均交易成本要高于竞价市场。

竞价市场的优点：①透明度高。

在指令驱动制度中，买卖盘信息、成交量与成交价格信息等及时对整个市场发布，投资者几乎可以同步了解到交易信息。

透明度高，有利于投资者观察市场。

②信息传递速度快、范围广。

指令驱动制度几乎可以实现交易信息同步传递，整个市场可以同时分享交易信息，很难发生交易信息垄断。

③运行费用较低。

投资者买卖指令竞价成交，交易价格在系统内部生成，系统本身表现出自运行特征。

这种指令驱动系统，在处理大量小额交易指令方面，优越性较明显。

证券投资学课后答案

第一章1、投资的特征有哪些①目的性。

现在支出价值的活动。

②时间性。

从支出到报酬经过一段时间，越长不确定性越大。

③目的在于（牺牲现在价值）获得（未来）报酬。

④风险性和不确定性。

2、试比较实物资产投资与金融资产投资的异同①实物资产投资是指直接拥有实物资本，包括土地、建筑物、知识、机器设备及人力资本。

金融资产投资是对实物资本的间接持有。

是脱离实际生产的第一步。

②实物资产投资包含实物和现实消费。

金融资产投资不在现时消费。

③实物资产投资决定提供产品和服务的能力，决定社会物质财富数量。

金融资产投资对实物资产所创造的利润和收入有要求权，能为个人带来财富，按比例分配给投资者。

同：①都是通过持有某种资产，获得该资产产生的与所承担的风险比例的收益的过程。

②目标都是为了获得收益。

③存在时间要素和投资价值不确定性。

3、为什么长期投资与短期投资是一个相对的概念？由可转让性和流动性决定。

通过出售行为缩短到合意的期限，使长期变为短期。

4、阐述投资与投机的区别和联系①行为看：投机者赚取高低差价，经常“赌一把”，风险高②持券时间：投机者频繁买卖；投资者长期持有，不理会短期涨跌③获利形式：投机者依靠买卖差价；投资者看重长期利息和股利④关注点：投机者关注价格波动；投资者一来基本分析证券内在价值5、试描述投资者持有各种金融资产要求权的性质债务类工具的要求权是固定的，持有者基于利率和证券面值来确定获得的收入流。

权益类证券的要求权是权益类证券持有者对公司支付债务类工具持有者以后的剩余收入的要求权。

混合类证券介于上述二者之间。

以上二种权利或多或少的都具备。

6、比较基本分析法和技术分析法在投资分析思路上的差异①前提：基本分析法的前提条件是内在价值等于预期收益流的现值。

再用内在价值与市场价格比较。

技术分析法是根据证券市场过去的统计资料来研究证券市场未来价格走势。

前提是历史会再现。

②股票价值影响因素：基本分析法是宏观面、行业面、公司面。

（三方面分析法）技术分析法只注重市场内部因素。

投资学课后答案解析APT

Chapter 10 Arbitrage Pricing Theory and Multifactor Models of Risk and ReturnMultiple Choice Questions1. ___________ a relationship between expected return and risk.A. APT stipulatesB. CAPM stipulatesC. Both CAPM and APT stipulateD. Neither CAPM nor APT stipulateE. No pricing model has found2. Consider the multifactor APT with two factors. Stock A has an expected return of 17.6%, a beta of 1.45 on factor 1 and a beta of .86 on factor 2. The risk premium on the factor 1 portfolio is3.2%. The risk-free rate of return is 5%. What is the risk-premium on factor 2 if no arbitrage opportunities exit?A. 9.26%B. 3%C. 4%D. 7.75%E. 9.75%3. In a multi-factor APT model, the coefficients on the macro factors are often called ______.A. systemic riskB. factor sensitivitiesC. idiosyncratic riskD. factor betasE. both factor sensitivities and factor betas4. In a multi-factor APT model, the coefficients on the macro factors are often called ______.A. systemic riskB. firm-specific riskC. idiosyncratic riskD. factor betasE. unique risk5. In a multi-factor APT model, the coefficients on the macro factors are often called ______.A. systemic riskB. firm-specific riskC. idiosyncratic riskD. factor loadingsE. unique risk6. Which pricing model provides no guidance concerning the determination of the risk premium on factor portfolios?A. The CAPMB. The multifactor APTC. Both the CAPM and the multifactor APTD. Neither the CAPM nor the multifactor APTE. No pricing model currently exists that provides guidance concerning the determination of the risk premium on any portfolio7. An arbitrage opportunity exists if an investor can construct a __________ investment portfolio that will yield a sure profit.A. small positiveB. small negativeC. zeroD. large positiveE. large negative8. The APT was developed in 1976 by ____________.A. LintnerB. Modigliani and MillerC. RossD. SharpeE. Fama9. A _________ portfolio is a well-diversified portfolio constructed to havea beta of 1 on one of the factors and a beta of 0 on any other factor.A. factorB. marketC. indexD. factor and marketE. factor, market, and index10. The exploitation of security mispricing in such a way that risk-free economic profits may be earned is called ___________.A. arbitrageB. capital asset pricingC. factoringD. fundamental analysisE. technical analysis11. In developing the APT, Ross assumed that uncertainty in asset returns wasa result ofA. a common macroeconomic factor.B. firm-specific factors.C. pricing error.D. neither common macroeconomic factors nor firm-specific factors.E. both common macroeconomic factors and firm-specific factors.12. The ____________ provides an unequivocal statement on the expected return-beta relationship for all assets, whereas the _____________ implies that this relationship holds for all but perhaps a small number of securities.A. APT; CAPMB. APT; OPMC. CAPM; APTD. CAPM; OPME. APT and OPM; CAPM13. Consider a single factor APT. Portfolio A has a beta of 1.0 and an expected return of 16%. Portfolio B has a beta of 0.8 and an expected return of 12%. The risk-free rate of return is 6%. If you wanted to take advantage of an arbitrage opportunity, you should take a short position in portfolio __________ and a long position in portfolio _______.A. A; AB. A; BC. B; AD. B; BE. A; the riskless asset14. Consider the single factor APT. Portfolio A has a beta of 0.2 and an expected return of 13%. Portfolio B has a beta of 0.4 and an expected return of 15%. The risk-free rate of return is 10%. If you wanted to take advantage of an arbitrage opportunity, you should take a short position in portfolio _________ and a long position in portfolio _________.A. A; AB. A; BC. B; AD. B; BE. No arbitrage opportunity exists.15. Consider the one-factor APT. The variance of returns on the factor portfolio is 6%. The beta of a well-diversified portfolio on the factor is 1.1. The variance of returns on the well-diversified portfolio is approximately __________.A. 3.6%B. 6.0%C. 7.3%D. 10.1%E. 8.6%16. Consider the one-factor APT. The standard deviation of returns on a well-diversified portfolio is 18%. The standard deviation on the factor portfolio is 16%. The beta of the well-diversified portfolio is approximately __________.A. 0.80B. 1.13C. 1.25D. 1.56E. 0.9317. Consider the single-factor APT. Stocks A and B have expected returns of 15% and 18%, respectively. The risk-free rate of return is 6%. Stock B has a beta of 1.0. If arbitrage opportunities are ruled out, stock A has a beta of __________.A. 0.67B. 1.00C. 1.30D. 1.69E. 0.7518. Consider the multifactor APT with two factors. Stock A has an expected return of 16.4%, a beta of 1.4 on factor 1 and a beta of .8 on factor 2. The risk premium on the factor 1 portfolio is 3%. The risk-free rate of return is 6%. What is the risk-premium on factor 2 if no arbitrage opportunities exit?A. 2%B. 3%C. 4%D. 7.75%E. 6.89%19. Consider the multifactor model APT with two factors. Portfolio A has a beta of 0.75 on factor 1 and a beta of 1.25 on factor 2. The risk premiums on the factor 1 and factor 2 portfolios are 1% and 7%, respectively. The risk-free rate of return is 7%. The expected return on portfolio A is __________ if no arbitrage opportunities exist.A. 13.5%B. 15.0%C. 16.5%D. 23.0%E. 18.7%20. Consider the multifactor APT with two factors. The risk premiums on the factor 1 and factor 2 portfolios are 5% and 6%, respectively. Stock A has a beta of 1.2 on factor 1, and a beta of 0.7 on factor 2. The expected return on stock A is 17%. If no arbitrage opportunities exist, the risk-free rate of return is ___________.A. 6.0%B. 6.5%C. 6.8%D. 7.4%E. 7.7%21. Consider a one-factor economy. Portfolio A has a beta of 1.0 on the factor and portfolio B has a beta of 2.0 on the factor. The expected returns on portfolios A and B are 11% and 17%, respectively. Assume that the risk-free rate is 6% and that arbitrage opportunities exist. Suppose you invested $100,000 in the risk-free asset, $100,000 in portfolio B, and sold short $200,000 of portfolio A. Your expected profit from this strategy would be ______________.A. −$1,000B. $0C. $1,000D. $2,000E. $1,60022. Consider the one-factor APT. Assume that two portfolios, A and B, are well diversified. The betas of portfolios A and B are 1.0 and 1.5, respectively. The expected returns on portfolios A and B are 19% and 24%, respectively. Assuming no arbitrage opportunities exist, the risk-free rate of return must be____________.A. 4.0%B. 9.0%C. 14.0%D. 16.5%E. 8.2%23. Consider the multifactor APT. The risk premiums on the factor 1 and factor 2 portfolios are 5% and 3%, respectively. The risk-free rate of return is 10%. Stock A has an expected return of 19% and a beta on factor 1 of 0.8. Stock A has a beta on factor 2 of ________.A. 1.33B. 1.50C. 1.67D. 2.00E. 1.7324. Consider the single factor APT. Portfolios A and B have expected returns of 14% and 18%, respectively. The risk-free rate of return is 7%. Portfolio A has a beta of 0.7. If arbitrage opportunities are ruled out, portfolio B must have a beta of __________.A. 0.45B. 1.00C. 1.10D. 1.22E. 1.33There are three stocks, A, B, and C. You can either invest in these stocks or short sell them. There are three possible states of nature for economic growth in the upcoming year; economic growth may be strong, moderate, or weak. The returns for the upcoming year on stocks A, B, and C for each of these states of nature are given below:25. If you invested in an equally weighted portfolio of stocks A and B, your portfolio return would be ___________ if economic growth were moderate.A. 3.0%B. 14.5%C. 15.5%D. 16.0%E. 17.0%26. If you invested in an equally weighted portfolio of stocks A and C, your portfolio return would be ____________ if economic growth was strong.A. 17.0%B. 22.5%C. 30.0%D. 30.5%E. 25.6%27. If you invested in an equally weighted portfolio of stocks B and C, your portfolio return would be _____________ if economic growth was weak.A. −2.5%B. 0.5%C. 3.0%D. 11.0%E. 9.0%28. If you wanted to take advantage of a risk-free arbitrage opportunity, you should take a short position in _________ and a long position in an equally weighted portfolio of _______.A. A; B and CB. B; A and CC. C; A and BD. A and B; CE. No arbitrage opportunity exists.Consider the multifactor APT. There are two independent economic factors, Fand1. The risk-free rate of return is 6%. The following information is available F2about two well-diversified portfolios:29. Assuming no arbitrage opportunities exist, the risk premium on the factor Fportfolio should be __________.1A. 3%B. 4%C. 5%D. 6%E. 2%30. Assuming no arbitrage opportunities exist, the risk premium on the factor Fportfolio should be ___________.2A. 3%B. 4%C. 5%D. 6%E. 2%31. A zero-investment portfolio with a positive expected return arises when _________.A. an investor has downside risk onlyB. the law of prices is not violatedC. the opportunity set is not tangent to the capital allocation lineD. a risk-free arbitrage opportunity existsE. a risk-free arbitrage opportunity does not exist32. An investor will take as large a position as possible when an equilibrium price relationship is violated. This is an example of _________.A. a dominance argumentB. the mean-variance efficiency frontierC. a risk-free arbitrageD. the capital asset pricing modelE. the SML33. The APT differs from the CAPM because the APT _________.A. places more emphasis on market riskB. minimizes the importance of diversificationC. recognizes multiple unsystematic risk factorsD. recognizes multiple systematic risk factorsE. places more emphasis on systematic risk34. The feature of the APT that offers the greatest potential advantage over the CAPM is the ______________.A. use of several factors instead of a single market index to explain the risk-return relationshipB. identification of anticipated changes in production, inflation, and term structure as key factors in explaining the risk-return relationshipC. superior measurement of the risk-free rate of return over historical time periodsD. variability of coefficients of sensitivity to the APT factors for a given asset over timeE. superior measurement of the risk-free rate of return over historical time periods and variability of coefficients of sensitivity to the APT factors for a given asset over time35. In terms of the risk/return relationship in the APTA. only factor risk commands a risk premium in market equilibrium.B. only systematic risk is related to expected returns.C. only nonsystematic risk is related to expected returns.D. only factor risk commands a risk premium in market equilibrium and only systematic risk is related to expected returns.E. only factor risk commands a risk premium in market equilibrium and only nonsystematic risk is related to expected returns.36. The following factors might affect stock returns:A. the business cycle.B. interest rate fluctuations.C. inflation rates.D. the business cycle, interest rate fluctuations, and inflation rates.E. the relationship between past FRED spreads.37. Advantage(s) of the APT is(are)A. that the model provides specific guidance concerning the determination of the risk premiums on the factor portfolios.B. that the model does not require a specific benchmark market portfolio.C. that risk need not be considered.D. that the model provides specific guidance concerning the determination of the risk premiums on the factor portfolios and that the model does not require a specific benchmark market portfolio.E. that the model does not require a specific benchmark market portfolio and that risk need not be considered.38. Portfolio A has expected return of 10% and standard deviation of 19%. Portfolio B has expected return of 12% and standard deviation of 17%. Rational investors willA. borrow at the risk free rate and buy A.B. sell A short and buy B.C. sell B short and buy A.D. borrow at the risk free rate and buy B.E. lend at the risk free rate and buy B.39. An important difference between CAPM and APT isA. CAPM depends on risk-return dominance; APT depends on a no arbitrage condition.B. CAPM assumes many small changes are required to bring the market back to equilibrium; APT assumes a few large changes are required to bring the market back to equilibrium.C. implications for prices derived from CAPM arguments are stronger than prices derived from APT arguments.D. CAPM depends on risk-return dominance; APT depends on a no arbitrage condition, CAPM assumes many small changes are required to bring the market back to equilibrium; APT assumes a few large changes are required to bring the market back to equilibrium, implications for prices derived from CAPM arguments are stronger than prices derived from APT arguments.E. CAPM depends on risk-return dominance; APT depends on a no arbitrage condition and assumes many small changes are required to bring the market back to equilibrium.40. A professional who searches for mispriced securities in specific areas such as merger-target stocks, rather than one who seeks strict (risk-free) arbitrage opportunities is engaged inA. pure arbitrage.B. risk arbitrage.C. option arbitrage.D. equilibrium arbitrage.E. covered interest arbitrage.41. In the context of the Arbitrage Pricing Theory, as a well-diversified portfolio becomes larger its nonsystematic risk approachesA. one.B. infinity.C. zero.D. negative one.E. None of these is correct.42. A well-diversified portfolio is defined asA. one that is diversified over a large enough number of securities that the nonsystematic variance is essentially zero.B. one that contains securities from at least three different industry sectors.C. a portfolio whose factor beta equals 1.0.D. a portfolio that is equally weighted.E. a portfolio that is equally weighted and contains securities from at least three different industry sectors.43. The APT requires a benchmark portfolioA. that is equal to the true market portfolio.B. that contains all securities in proportion to their market values.C. that need not be well-diversified.D. that is well-diversified and lies on the SML.E. that is unobservable.44. Imposing the no-arbitrage condition on a single-factor security market implies which of the following statements?I) the expected return-beta relationship is maintained for all but a small number of well-diversified portfolios.II) the expected return-beta relationship is maintained for all well-diversified portfolios.III) the expected return-beta relationship is maintained for all but a small number of individual securities.IV) the expected return-beta relationship is maintained for all individual securities.A. I and III are correct.B. I and IV are correct.C. II and III are correct.D. II and IV are correct.E. Only I is correct.45. Consider a well-diversified portfolio, A, in a two-factor economy. The risk-free rate is 6%, the risk premium on the first factor portfolio is 4% and the risk premium on the second factor portfolio is 3%. If portfolio A has a beta of 1.2 on the first factor and .8 on the second factor, what is its expected return?A. 7.0%B. 8.0%C. 9.2%D. 13.0%E. 13.2%46. The term "arbitrage" refers toA. buying low and selling high.B. short selling high and buying low.C. earning risk-free economic profits.D. negotiating for favorable brokerage fees.E. hedging your portfolio through the use of options.47. To take advantage of an arbitrage opportunity, an investor wouldI) construct a zero investment portfolio that will yield a sure profit.II) construct a zero beta investment portfolio that will yield a sure profit. III) make simultaneous trades in two markets without any net investment. IV) short sell the asset in the low-priced market and buy it in the high-priced market.A. I and IVB. I and IIIC. II and IIID. I, III, and IVE. II, III, and IV48. The factor F in the APT model representsA. firm-specific risk.B. the sensitivity of the firm to that factor.C. a factor that affects all security returns.D. the deviation from its expected value of a factor that affects all security returns.E. a random amount of return attributable to firm events.49. In the APT model, what is the nonsystematic standard deviation of an equally-weighted portfolio that has an average value of σ(e) equal to 25% andi50 securities?A. 12.5%B. 625%C. 0.5%D. 3.54%E. 14.59%50. In the APT model, what is the nonsystematic standard deviation of an equally-weighted portfolio that has an average value of σ(e) equal to 20% andi20 securities?A. 12.5%B. 625%C. 4.47%D. 3.54%E. 14.59%51. In the APT model, what is the nonsystematic standard deviation of an) equal to 20% and equally-weighted portfolio that has an average value of σ(ei40 securities?A. 12.5%B. 625%C. 0.5%D. 3.54%E. 3.16%52. In the APT model, what is the nonsystematic standard deviation of an) equal to 18% and equally-weighted portfolio that has an average value of (ei250 securities?A. 1.14%B. 625%C. 0.5%D. 3.54%E. 3.16%53. Which of the following is true about the security market line (SML) derived from the APT?A. The SML has a downward slope.B. The SML for the APT shows expected return in relation to portfolio standard deviation.C. The SML for the APT has an intercept equal to the expected return on the market portfolio.D. The benchmark portfolio for the SML may be any well-diversified portfolio.E. The SML is not relevant for the APT.54. Which of the following is false about the security market line (SML) derived from the APT?A. The SML has a downward slope.B. The SML for the APT shows expected return in relation to portfolio standard deviation.C. The SML for the APT has an intercept equal to the expected return on the market portfolio.D. The benchmark portfolio for the SML may be any well-diversified portfolio.E. The SML has a downward slope, the SML for the APT shows expected return in relation to portfolio standard deviation, and the SML for the APT has an intercept equal to the expected return on the market portfolio are all false.55. If arbitrage opportunities are to be ruled out, each well-diversified portfolio's expected excess return must beA. inversely proportional to the risk-free rate.B. inversely proportional to its standard deviation.C. proportional to its weight in the market portfolio.D. proportional to its standard deviation.E. proportional to its beta coefficient.56. Suppose you are working with two factor portfolios, Portfolio 1 and Portfolio 2. The portfolios have expected returns of 15% and 6%, respectively. Based on this information, what would be the expected return on well-diversified portfolio A, if A has a beta of 0.80 on the first factor and 0.50 on the second factor? The risk-free rate is 3%.A. 15.2%B. 14.1%C. 13.3%D. 10.7%E. 8.4%57. Which of the following is (are) true regarding the APT?I) The Security Market Line does not apply to the APT.II) More than one factor can be important in determining returns.III) Almost all individual securities satisfy the APT relationship.IV) It doesn't rely on the market portfolio that contains all assets.A. II, III, and IVB. II and IVC. II and IIID. I, II, and IVE. I, II, III, and IV58. In a factor model, the return on a stock in a particular period will be related toA. factor risk.B. non-factor risk.C. standard deviation of returns.D. both factor risk and non-factor risk.E. There is no relationship between factor risk, risk premiums, and returns.59. Which of the following factors did Chen, Roll and Ross not include in their multifactor model?A. Change in industrial productionB. Change in expected inflationC. Change in unanticipated inflationD. Excess return of long-term government bonds over T-billsE. Neither the change in industrial production, change in expected inflation, change in unanticipated inflation, nor excess return of long-term government bonds over T-bills were included in their model.60. Which of the following factors did Chen, Roll and Ross include in their multifactor model?A. Change in industrial wasteB. Change in expected inflationC. Change in unanticipated inflationD. Change in expected inflation and Change in unanticipated inflationE. All of these factors were included in their model61. Which of the following factors were used by Fama and French in their multi-factor model?A. Return on the market index.B. Excess return of small stocks over large stocks.C. Excess return of high book-to-market stocks over low book-to-market stocks.D. All of these factors were included in their model.E. None of these factors were included in their model.62. Consider the single-factor APT. Stocks A and B have expected returns of 12% and 14%, respectively. The risk-free rate of return is 5%. Stock B has a beta of 1.2. If arbitrage opportunities are ruled out, stock A has a beta of __________.A. 0.67B. 0.93C. 1.30D. 1.69E. 1.2763. Consider the one-factor APT. The standard deviation of returns on a well-diversified portfolio is 19%. The standard deviation on the factor portfolio is 12%. The beta of the well-diversified portfolio is approximately __________.A. 1.58B. 1.13C. 1.25D. 0.76E. 1.4264. Black argues that past risk premiums on firm-characteristic variables, such as those described by Fama and French, are problematic because ________.A. they may result from data snoopingB. they are sources of systematic riskC. they can be explained by security characteristic linesD. they are more appropriate for a single-factor modelE. they are macroeconomic factors65. Multifactor models seek to improve the performance of the single-index model byA. modeling the systematic component of firm returns in greater detail.B. incorporating firm-specific components into the pricing model.C. allowing for multiple economic factors to have differential effects.D. modeling the systematic component of firm returns in greater detail, incorporating firm-specific components into the pricing model, and allowing for multiple economic factors to have differential effects.E. none of these statements are true.66. Multifactor models such as the one constructed by Chen, Roll, and Ross, can better describe assets' returns byA. expanding beyond one factor to represent sources of systematic risk.B. using variables that are easier to forecast ex ante.C. calculating beta coefficients by an alternative method.D. using only stocks with relatively stable returns.E. ignoring firm-specific risk.67. Consider the multifactor model APT with three factors. Portfolio A has a beta of 0.8 on factor 1, a beta of 1.1 on factor 2, and a beta of 1.25 on factor 3. The risk premiums on the factor 1, factor 2, and factor 3 are 3%, 5% and 2%, respectively. The risk-free rate of return is 3%. The expected return on portfolio A is __________ if no arbitrage opportunities exist.A. 13.5%B. 13.4%C. 16.5%D. 23.0%E. 11.6%68. Consider the multifactor APT. The risk premiums on the factor 1 and factor 2 portfolios are 6% and 4%, respectively. The risk-free rate of return is 4%. Stock A has an expected return of 16% and a beta on factor 1 of 1.3. Stock A has a beta on factor 2 of ________.A. 1.33B. 1.05C. 1.67D. 2.00E. .9569. Consider a well-diversified portfolio, A, in a two-factor economy. The risk-free rate is 5%, the risk premium on the first factor portfolio is 4% and the risk premium on the second factor portfolio is 6%. If portfolio A has a beta of 0.6 on the first factor and 1.8 on the second factor, what is its expected return?A. 7.0%B. 8.0%C. 18.2%D. 13.0%E. 13.2%70. Consider a single factor APT. Portfolio A has a beta of 2.0 and an expected return of 22%. Portfolio B has a beta of 1.5 and an expected return of 17%. The risk-free rate of return is 4%. If you wanted to take advantage of an arbitrage opportunity, you should take a short position in portfolio __________ and a long position in portfolio _______.A. A; AB. A; BC. B; AD. B; BE. A; the riskless asset71. Consider the single factor APT. Portfolio A has a beta of 0.5 and an expected return of 12%. Portfolio B has a beta of 0.4 and an expected return of 13%. The risk-free rate of return is 5%. If you wanted to take advantage of an arbitrage opportunity, you should take a short position in portfolio _________ and a long position in portfolio _________.A. A; AB. A; BC. B; AD. B; BE. No arbitrage opportunity exists.72. Consider the one-factor APT. The variance of returns on the factor portfolio is 9%. The beta of a well-diversified portfolio on the factor is 1.25. The variance of returns on the well-diversified portfolio is approximately__________.A. 3.6%B. 6.0%C. 7.3%D. 14.1%E. 9.7%73. Consider the one-factor APT. The variance of returns on the factor portfolio is 11%. The beta of a well-diversified portfolio on the factor is 1.45. The variance of returns on the well-diversified portfolio is approximately__________.A. 23.1%B. 6.0%C. 7.3%D. 14.1%E. 11.4%74. Consider the one-factor APT. The standard deviation of returns on a well-diversified portfolio is 22%. The standard deviation on the factor portfolio is 14%. The beta of the well-diversified portfolio is approximately __________.A. 0.80B. 1.13C. 1.25D. 1.57E. 67Short Answer Questions75. Discuss the advantages of arbitrage pricing theory (APT) over the capital asset pricing model (CAPM) relative to diversified portfolios.76. Discuss the advantages of the multifactor APT over the single factor APT and the CAPM. What is one shortcoming of the multifactor APT and how does this shortcoming compare to CAPM implications?77. Discuss arbitrage opportunities in the context of violations of the law of one price.78. Discuss the similarities and the differences between the CAPM and the APT with regard to the following factors: capital market equilibrium, assumptions about risk aversion, risk-return dominance, and the number of investors required to restore equilibrium.79. Security A has a beta of 1.0 and an expected return of 12%. Security B hasa beta of 0.75 and an expected return of 11%. The risk-free rate is 6%. Explain the arbitrage opportunity that exists; explain how an investor can take advantage of it. Give specific details about how to form the portfolio, what to buy and what to sell.80. Name three variables that Chen, Roll, and Ross used to measure the impact of macroeconomic factors on security returns. Briefly explain the reasoning behind their model.。

国际投资学第二章国际投资理论课本精炼知识点含课后习题答案

第二章国际投资理论第一节国际直接投资理论一、西方主流投资理论（一）垄断优势论：市场不完全性是企业获得垄断优势的根源，垄断优势是企业开展对外直接投资的动因。

市场不完全：由于各种因素的影响而引起的偏离完全竞争的一种市场结构。

市场的不完全包括：1.产品市场不完全2..要素市场不完全3.规模经济和外部经济的市场不完全4.政策引致的市场不完全。

跨国公司具有的垄断优势：1.信誉与商标优势2.资金优势3.技术优势4.规模经济优势（内部和外部）5.信息与管理优势。

跨国公司的垄断优势主要来源于其对知识资产的控制。

垄断优势认为不完全市场竞争是导致国际直接投资的根本原因。

（二）产品生命周期论：产品在市场销售中的兴与衰。

（三）内部化理论：把外部市场建立在公司内部的过程。

（纵向一体化，目的在于以内部市场取代原来的外部市场，从而降低外部市场交易成本并取得市场内部化的额外收益。

）（1）内部化理论的基本假设：1.经营的目的是追求利润最大化2.企业可能以内部市场取代外部市场3.内部化跨越了国界就产生了国际直接投资。

（2）市场内部化的影响因素：1.产业因素（最重要）2.国家因素 3.地区因素4.企业因素（最重要）（3）市场内部化的收益：来源于消除外部市场不完全所带来的经济效益，包括1.统一协调相互依赖的企业各项业务，消除“时滞”所带来的经济效益。

2.制定有效的差别价格和转移价格所带来的经济效益。

3.消除国际市场不完全所带来的经济效益。

4.防止技术优势扩散和丧失所带来的经济效益。

市场内部化的成本：1.资源成本（企业可能在低于最优化经济规模的水平上从事生产，造成资源浪费）2.通信联络成本3.国家风险成本4.管理成本当市场内部化的收益大于大于外部市场交易成本和为实现内部化而付出的成本时，跨国企业才会进行市场内部化，当企业的内部化行为超越国界时，就产生对外直接投资。

（四）国际生产折衷理论：决定跨国公司行为和对外直接投资的最基本因素有所有权优势、内部化优势和区位优势，即“三优势范式”。

金德环《投资学》课后习题答案共11页

2、什么是证券？其特征有哪些？可以分成几类？
答：证券是一种凭证，它表明持有人有权依凭证所记载的内容取得相应的权益并具有法律效力。按权益是否可以带来收益，证券可以分为有价证券和无价证券。有价证券可分为广义有价证券和狭义有价证券。广义有价证券分为商品证券、货币市场证券、和资本证券三种，狭义有价证券仅指资本证券。
2.证券投资主体。包括个人投资者、机构投资者、政府投资者和企业投资者。
3.证券市场中介。主要包括证券公司、证券投资咨询公司、证券交易所、证券服务机构。
证券市场的类型主要包括货币市场、债券市场、股票市场。
4、什么是货币市场？如何细分？货币市场的利率和工具有哪些？
货币市场指融通短期资金的货币工具交易市场，又称为短期资金市场，该市场交易的短期货币工具具有期限短、流动性强的特征。主要有同业拆借市场、票据贴现市场、债券回购市场、可转让大额存单市场短期国债市场。货币市场的利率主要有
第一章证券市场概述
要练说，先练胆。说话胆小是幼儿语言发展的障碍。不少幼儿当众说话时显得胆怯：有的结巴重复，面红耳赤；有的声音极低，自讲自听；有的低头不语，扯衣服，扭身子。总之，说话时外部表现不自然。我抓住练胆这个关键，面向全体，偏向差生。一是和幼儿建立和谐的语言交流关系。每当和幼儿讲话时，我总是笑脸相迎，声音亲切，动作亲昵，消除幼儿畏惧心理，让他能主动的、无拘无束地和我交谈。二是注重培养幼儿敢于当众说话的习惯。或在课堂教学中，改变过去老师讲学生听的传统的教学模式，取消了先举手后发言的约束，多采取自由讨论和谈话的形式，给每个幼儿较多的当众说话的机会，培养幼儿爱说话敢说话的兴趣，对一些说话有困难的幼儿，我总是认真地耐心地听，热情地帮助和鼓励他把话说完、说好，增强其说话的勇气和把话说好的信心。三是要提明确的说话要求，在说话训练中不断提高，我要求每个幼儿在说话时要仪态大方，口齿清楚，声音响亮，学会用眼神。对说得好的幼儿，即使是某一方面，我都抓住教育，提出表扬，并要其他幼儿模仿。长期坚持，不断训练，幼儿说话胆量也在不断提高。1、什么是投资？实体投资与金融投资、直接金融与间接金融、直接金融投资与间接金融投资的区别在哪里？

吴晓求《证券投资学》课后问答题答案

1.简述罗斯的套利定价理论（APT）套利定价理论认为套利者使得市场不存在无风险套利，进而保证市场的动态均衡，因此套利者是导致市场更具效率的必要条件；资产价格受多方面因素的影响，表现为多因素模型，但是该理论未能确定资产价格到底受哪些因素的影响以及影响度。

2.现代资产定价理论从哪些方面对传统资产定价理论进行了改进和突破？答：谢夫林和斯塔特曼1994年发表了《行为资本资产定价模型》，该模型通过引入非理性投资者，对传统的CAPM进行了调整，使其更加符合现实3.资本定价模型与资产组合理论的联系是什么?答：1952年,马科维茨发表的《现代资产组合理论》奠定了资产定价理论的发展基础。

1964年夏普提出了资本资产定价模型（CAPM），从投资者效用最大化出发，认为在市场均衡条件下，单一资产或资产组合的收益由无风险收益和风险溢价两部分组成。

4.简述衍生品定价理论的发展历程。

答：（1）期货定价理论：a）持有成本理论。

该理论认为持有存货有成本和价格波动的风险必须补偿，因此期货价格等于现货价格与成本和风险补偿之和。

但与实际情况不一致。

后来者提出了改进，代表性的是1949年沃金提出的储存价格理论和1958年布伦南提出的理论b）延期交割费用理论。

凯恩斯1930年提出的理论，认为较低的期货价格出售和约是让渡一定的风险报偿给投机者。

；c）基于对冲压力的期货定价理论。

针对延期交割费用理论不足。

赫希雷弗于1988年提出了基于对冲压力的期货定价理论。

（2）期权定价理论：最早起源于1900年法国数学家路易斯·巴彻利尔的博士论文《投机理论》；1961年斯普伦克尔在假设股票价格服从对数正态分布、固定均值和方差的基础上推导期权定价公式，期权定价理论才有所进展。

5.行为金融学与现代金融学的差异是什么？答：a)现代金融学理论假设投资者是理性的，能够在现有信息状态下无偏地估计风险和收益，从而做出最佳的决策。

然而，行为金融学家认为：①由于人类有限的认识能力，无法在短时间内对所有的信息进行最佳的处理，往往采取一些简单的方式，如经验法则来处理问题，虽然有时是有效的，但在特殊的环境中就会产生偏差。

投资学(第2版)课后答案

第1章综合训练答案要点1.1单项选择题1.A2.D3.A4.B5.B1.2多项选择题1.ABCD2.ABCD3.AB4.BD5.AC1.3思考题1.本杰明·弗兰克说：钱生钱，并且所生之钱会生出更多的钱。

这就是货币时间价值的本质。

货币的时间价值这个概念认为，当前拥有的货币比未来收到的同样金额的货币具有更大的价值，因当前拥有的货币可以进行投资。

即使有通货膨胀的影响，只要存在投资机会，货币的现值就一定大于它的未来价值。

货币的时间价值就是指当前所持有的一定量货币比未来获得的等量货币具有更高的价值。

从经济学的角度而言，当前的一单位货币与未来的一单位货币的购买力之所以不同，是因为要节省现在的一单位货币不消费而改在未来消费，则在未来消费时必须有大于一单位的货币可供消费，作为弥补延迟消费的贴水。

从量的规定性来看,货币的时间价值是没有风险和没有通货膨胀下的社会平均资金利润率. 在计量货币时间价值时,风险报酬和通货膨胀因素不应该包括在内。

所以货币的时间价值是指货币经过一定时间的投资和再投资所增加的价值，称为资金的时间价值。

货币的时间价值不产生于生产与制造领域，产生于社会资金的流通领域。

货币时间价值来源依据：①节欲论。

投资者进行投资就必须推迟消费，对投资者推迟消费的耐心应给以报酬，这种报酬的量应与推迟的时货币的时间价值间成正比。

②劳动价值论。

资金运动的全过程：G—W…P…W’—G’G’=G+∆G包含增值额在内的全部价值是形成于生产过程的，其中增值部分是工人创造的剩余价值。

时间价值的真正来源是工人创造的剩余价值。

货币时间价值产生原因分析：（1）货币时间价值是资源稀缺性的体现。

经济和社会的发展要消耗社会资源，现有的社会资源构成现存社会财富，利用这些社会资源创造出来的将来物质和文化产品构成了将来的社会财富，由于社会资源具有稀缺性特征，又能够带来更多社会产品，所以当前物品的效用要高于未来物品的效用。

在货币经济条件下，货币是商品的价值体现，当前的货币用于支配当前的商品，将来的货币用于支配将来的商品，所以当前货币的价值自然高于未来货币的价值。

《投资学》课后习题参考答案

习题参考答案第2章答案：一、选择1、D2、C二、填空1、公众投资者、工商企业投资者、政府2、中国人民保险公司；中国国际信托投资公司3、威尼斯、英格兰4、信用合作社、合作银行；农村信用合作社、城市信用合作社；5、安全性、流动性、效益性三、名词解释：财务公司又称金融公司，是一种经营部分银行业务的非银行金融机构。

其最初是为产业集团内部各分公司筹资，便利集团内部资金融通，但现在经营领域不断扩大，种类不断增加，有的专门经营抵押放款业务，有的专门经营耐用消费品的租购和分期付款业务，大的财务公司还兼营外汇、联合贷款、包销证券、不动产抵押、财务及投资咨询服务等。

信托公司是指以代人理财为主要经营内容、以委托人身份经营现代信托业务的金融机构。

信托公司的业务一般包括货币信托（信托贷款、信托存款、养老金信托、有价证券投资信托等）和非货币信托（债权信托、不动产信托、动产信托等）两大类。

保险公司是一类经营保险业务的金融中介机构。

它以集合多数单位或个人的风险为前提，用其概率计算分摊金，以保险费的形式聚集资金建立保险基金，用于补偿因自然灾害或以外事故造成的经济损失，或对个人因死亡伤残给予物质补偿。

四、简答1、家庭个人是金融市场上的主要资金供应者，其呈现出的主要特点如下：（1）投资目标简单；（2）投资活动更具盲目性（3）投资规模较小，投资方向分散，投资形式灵活。

企业作为非金融投资机构，其行为呈现出了以下的显著特点：（1）资金需求者地位突现；（2）投资目标的多元化；（3）投资比较稳定；（4）短期投资交易量大。

2、商业银行在经济运行中主要的职能如下：（1）信用中介职能；（2）支付中介职能；（3）调节媒介职能；（4）金融服务职能；（5）信用创造职能；总的来说，商业银行业务可以归为以下三类:（1）负债业务：是指资金来源的业务；（2）资产业务：是商业银行运用资金的业务；（3）中间业务和表外业务：中间业务指银行不需要运用自己的资金而代客户承办支付和其他委托事项，并据以收取手续费的业务第3章答案：一、选择题1、D2、D3、B二、填空题1、会员制证券交易所和公司制证券交易所、会员制、公司制。

投资学课后答案APT

投资学课后答案APTChapter 10 Arbitrage Pricing Theory and Multifactor Models of Risk and Return Multiple Choice Questions1. ___________ a relationship between expected return and risk.A. APT stipulatesB. CAPM stipulatesC. Both CAPM and APT stipulateD. Neither CAPM nor APT stipulateE. No pricing model has found2. Consider the multifactor APT with two factors. Stock A has an expected return of 17.6%, a beta of 1.45 on factor 1 and a beta of .86 on factor 2. The risk premium on the factor 1 portfolio is3.2%. The risk-free rate of return is 5%. What is the risk-premium on factor 2 if no arbitrage opportunities exit?A. 9.26%B. 3%C. 4%D. 7.75%E. 9.75%3. In a multi-factor APT model, the coefficients on the macro factors are often called ______.A. systemic riskB. factor sensitivitiesC. idiosyncratic riskD. factor betasE. both factor sensitivities and factor betas4. In a multi-factor APT model, the coefficients on the macro factors are often called ______.A. systemic riskB. firm-specific riskC. idiosyncratic riskD. factor betasE. unique risk5. In a multi-factor APT model, the coefficients on the macro factors are often called ______.A. systemic riskB. firm-specific riskC. idiosyncratic riskD. factor loadingsE. unique risk6. Which pricing model provides no guidance concerning the determination of the risk premium on factor portfolios?A. The CAPMB. The multifactor APTC. Both the CAPM and the multifactor APTD. Neither the CAPM nor the multifactor APTE. No pricing model currently exists that provides guidance concerning the determination of the risk premium on any portfolio7. An arbitrage opportunity exists if an investor can construct a __________ investment portfolio that will yield a sure profit.A. small positiveB. small negativeC. zeroD. large positiveE. large negative8. The APT was developed in 1976 by ____________.A. LintnerB. Modigliani and MillerC. RossD. SharpeE. Fama9. A _________ portfolio is a well-diversified portfolio constructed to have a beta of 1 on one of the factors and a beta of 0 on any other factor.A. factorB. marketC. indexD. factor and marketE. factor, market, and index10. The exploitation of security mispricing in such a way that risk-free economic profits may be earned is called___________.A. arbitrageB. capital asset pricingC. factoringD. fundamental analysisE. technical analysis11. In developing the APT, Ross assumed that uncertainty in asset returns was a result ofA. a common macroeconomic factor.B. firm-specific factors.C. pricing error.D. neither common macroeconomic factors nor firm-specific factors.E. both common macroeconomic factors and firm-specific factors.12. The ____________ provides an unequivocal statement on the expected return-beta relationship for all assets, whereas the _____________ implies that this relationship holds for all but perhaps a small number of securities.A. APT; CAPMB. APT; OPMC. CAPM; APTD. CAPM; OPME. APT and OPM; CAPM13. Consider a single factor APT. Portfolio A has a beta of 1.0 and an expected return of 16%. Portfolio B has a beta of 0.8 and an expected return of 12%. The risk-free rate of return is 6%. If you wanted to take advantage of an arbitrage opportunity, you should take a short position in portfolio __________ and a long position in portfolio _______.A. A; AB. A; BC. B; AD. B; BE. A; the riskless asset14. Consider the single factor APT. Portfolio A has a beta of 0.2 and an expected return of 13%. Portfolio B has a beta of 0.4 and an expected return of 15%. The risk-free rate of return is 10%. If you wanted to take advantage of an arbitrage opportunity, you should take a short position in portfolio _________ and a long position in portfolio _________.A. A; AB. A; BC. B; AD. B; BE. No arbitrage opportunity exists.15. Consider the one-factor APT. The variance of returns on the factor portfolio is 6%. The beta of a well-diversified portfolio on the factor is 1.1. The variance of returns on thewell-diversified portfolio is approximately __________.A. 3.6%B. 6.0%C. 7.3%D. 10.1%E. 8.6%16. Consider the one-factor APT. The standard deviation of returns on a well-diversified portfolio is 18%. The standard deviation on the factor portfolio is 16%. The beta of thewell-diversified portfolio is approximately __________.A. 0.80B. 1.13C. 1.2517. Consider the single-factor APT. Stocks A and B have expected returns of 15% and 18%, respectively. The risk-free rate of return is 6%. Stock B has a beta of 1.0. If arbitrage opportunities are ruled out, stock A has a beta of __________.A. 0.67B. 1.00C. 1.30D. 1.69E. 0.7518. Consider the multifactor APT with two factors. Stock A has an expected return of 16.4%, a beta of 1.4 on factor 1 and a beta of .8 on factor 2. The risk premium on the factor 1 portfolio is 3%. The risk-free rate of return is 6%. What is the risk-premium on factor 2 if no arbitrage opportunities exit?A. 2%B. 3%C. 4%D. 7.75%E. 6.89%19. Consider the multifactor model APT with two factors. Portfolio A has a beta of 0.75 on factor 1 and a beta of 1.25 on factor 2. The risk premiums on the factor 1 and factor 2 portfolios are 1% and 7%, respectively. The risk-free rate of return is 7%. The expected return on portfolio A is __________ if no arbitrage opportunities exist.A. 13.5%B. 15.0%C. 16.5%D. 23.0%E. 18.7%20. Consider the multifactor APT with two factors. The risk premiums on the factor 1 and factor 2 portfolios are 5% and 6%, respectively. Stock A has a beta of 1.2 on factor 1, and a beta of 0.7 on factor 2. The expected return on stock A is 17%. If no arbitrage opportunities exist, the risk-free rate of return is ___________.A. 6.0%B. 6.5%C. 6.8%D. 7.4%E. 7.7%21. Consider a one-factor economy. Portfolio A has a beta of 1.0 on the factor and portfolio B has a beta of 2.0 on the factor. The expected returns on portfolios A and B are 11% and 17%, respectively. Assume that the risk-free rate is 6% and that arbitrage opportunities exist. Suppose you invested $100,000 in the risk-free asset, $100,000 in portfolio B, and sold short $200,000 of portfolio A. Your expected profit from this strategy would be ______________.A. ?$1,000B. $0C. $1,00022. Consider the one-factor APT. Assume that two portfolios, A and B, are well diversified. The betas of portfolios A and B are 1.0 and 1.5, respectively. The expected returns on portfolios A and B are 19% and 24%, respectively. Assuming no arbitrage opportunities exist, therisk-free rate of return must be ____________.A. 4.0%B. 9.0%C. 14.0%D. 16.5%E. 8.2%23. Consider the multifactor APT. The risk premiums on the factor 1 and factor 2 portfolios are 5% and 3%, respectively. The risk-free rate of return is 10%. Stock A has an expected return of 19% and a beta on factor 1 of 0.8. Stock A has a beta on factor 2 of ________.A. 1.33B. 1.50C. 1.67D. 2.00E. 1.7324. Consider the single factor APT. Portfolios A and B have expected returns of 14% and 18%, respectively. The risk-free rate of return is 7%. Portfolio A has a beta of 0.7. If arbitrage opportunities are ruled out, portfolio B must have a beta of__________.A. 0.45B. 1.00C. 1.10D. 1.22E. 1.33There are three stocks, A, B, and C. You can either invest in these stocks or short sell them. There are three possible states of nature for economic growth in the upcoming year; economic growth may be strong, moderate, or weak. The returns for the upcoming year on stocks A, B, and C for each of these states of nature are given below:25. If you invested in an equally weighted portfolio of stocks A and B, your portfolio return would be ___________ if economic growth were moderate.A. 3.0%D. 16.0%E. 17.0%26. If you invested in an equally weighted portfolio of stocks A and C, your portfolio return would be ____________ if economic growth was strong.A. 17.0%B. 22.5%C. 30.0%D. 30.5%E. 25.6%27. If you invested in an equally weighted portfolio of stocks B and C, your portfolio return would be _____________ if economic growth was weak.A. ?2.5%B. 0.5%C. 3.0%D. 11.0%E. 9.0%28. If you wanted to take advantage of a risk-free arbitrage opportunity, you should take a short position in _________ and a long position in an equally weighted portfolio of _______.A. A; B and CB. B; A and CC. C; A and BD. A and B; CE. No arbitrage opportunity exists.Consider the multifactor APT. There are two independent economic factors, F1and F2. The risk-free rate of return is 6%. The following information is available about two well-diversified portfolios:29. Assuming no arbitrage opportunities exist, the risk premium on the factor F1portfolio should be __________.A. 3%B. 4%C. 5%D. 6%E. 2%30. Assuming no arbitrage opportunities exist, the risk premium on the factor F2 portfolio should be ___________.A. 3%B. 4%C. 5%D. 6%E. 2%31. A zero-investment portfolio with a positive expected return arises when _________.A. an investor has downside risk onlyB. the law of prices is not violatedC. the opportunity set is not tangent to the capital allocation lineD. a risk-free arbitrage opportunity existsE. a risk-free arbitrage opportunity does not exist32. An investor will take as large a position as possible when an equilibrium price relationship is violated. This is an example of _________.A. a dominance argumentB. the mean-variance efficiency frontierC. a risk-free arbitrageD. the capital asset pricing modelE. the SML33. The APT differs from the CAPM because the APT _________.A. places more emphasis on market riskB. minimizes the importance of diversificationC. recognizes multiple unsystematic risk factorsD. recognizes multiple systematic risk factorsE. places more emphasis on systematic risk34. The feature of the APT that offers the greatest potential advantage over the CAPM is the ______________.A. use of several factors instead of a single market index to explain the risk-return relationshipB. identification of anticipated changes in production, inflation, and term structure as key factors in explaining the risk-return relationshipC. superior measurement of the risk-free rate of return over historical time periodsD. variability of coefficients of sensitivity to the APT factors for a given asset over timeE. superior measurement of the risk-free rate of return over historical time periods and variability of coefficients of sensitivity to the APT factors for a given asset over time35. In terms of the risk/return relationship in the APTA. only factor risk commands a risk premium in market equilibrium.B. only systematic risk is related to expected returns.C. only nonsystematic risk is related to expected returns.D. only factor risk commands a risk premium in market equilibrium and only systematic risk is related to expected returns.E. only factor risk commands a risk premium in market equilibrium and only nonsystematic risk is related to expected returns.36. The following factors might affect stock returns:A. the business cycle.B. interest rate fluctuations.C. inflation rates.D. the business cycle, interest rate fluctuations, and inflation rates.E. the relationship between past FRED spreads.37. Advantage(s) of the APT is(are)A. that the model provides specific guidance concerning the determination of the risk premiums on the factor portfolios.B. that the model does not require a specific benchmark market portfolio.C. that risk need not be considered.D. that the model provides specific guidance concerning the determination of the risk premiums on the factor portfolios and that the model does not require a specific benchmark market portfolio.E. that the model does not require a specific benchmark market portfolio and that risk need not be considered.38. Portfolio A has expected return of 10% and standard deviation of 19%. Portfolio B has expected return of 12% and standard deviation of 17%. Rational investors willA. borrow at the risk free rate and buy A.B. sell A short and buy B.C. sell B short and buy A.D. borrow at the risk free rate and buy B.E. lend at the risk free rate and buy B.39. An important difference between CAPM and APT isA. CAPM depends on risk-return dominance; APT depends on a no arbitrage condition.B. CAPM assumes many small changes are required to bring the market back to equilibrium; APT assumes a few large changes are required to bring the market back to equilibrium.C. implications for prices derived from CAPM arguments are stronger than prices derived from APT arguments.D. CAPM depends on risk-return dominance; APT depends on a no arbitrage condition, CAPM assumes many small changes are required to bring the market back to equilibrium; APT assumes a few large changes are required to bring the market back to equilibrium, implications for prices derived from CAPM arguments are stronger than prices derived from APT arguments.E. CAPM depends on risk-return dominance; APT depends on a no arbitrage condition and assumes many small changes are required to bring the market back to equilibrium.40. A professional who searches for mispriced securities in specific areas such as merger-target stocks, rather than one who seeks strict (risk-free) arbitrage opportunities is engaged inA. pure arbitrage.B. risk arbitrage.C. option arbitrage.D. equilibrium arbitrage.E. covered interest arbitrage.41. In the context of the Arbitrage Pricing Theory, as a well-diversified portfolio becomes larger its nonsystematic risk approachesA. one.B. infinity.C. zero.D. negative one.E. None of these is correct.42. A well-diversified portfolio is defined asA. one that is diversified over a large enough number of securities that the nonsystematic variance is essentially zero.B. one that contains securities from at least three different industry sectors.C. a portfolio whose factor beta equals 1.0.D. a portfolio that is equally weighted.E. a portfolio that is equally weighted and contains securities from at least three different industry sectors.43. The APT requires a benchmark portfolioA. that is equal to the true market portfolio.B. that contains all securities in proportion to their market values.C. that need not be well-diversified.D. that is well-diversified and lies on the SML.E. that is unobservable.44. Imposing the no-arbitrage condition on a single-factor security market implies which of the following statements?I) the expected return-beta relationship is maintained for all but a small number ofwell-diversified portfolios.II) the expected return-beta relationship is maintained for all well-diversified portfolios.III) the expected return-beta relationship is maintained for all but a small number of individual securities.IV) the expected return-beta relationship is maintained for all individual securities.A. I and III are correct.B. I and IV are correct.C. II and III are correct.D. II and IV are correct.E. Only I is correct.45. Consider a well-diversified portfolio, A, in a two-factor economy. The risk-free rate is 6%, the risk premium on the first factor portfolio is 4% and the risk premium on the second factor portfolio is 3%. If portfolio A has a beta of 1.2 on the first factor and .8 on the second factor, what is its expected return?A. 7.0%B. 8.0%C. 9.2%D. 13.0%E. 13.2%46. The term "arbitrage" refers toA. buying low and selling high.B. short selling high and buying low.C. earning risk-free economic profits.D. negotiating for favorable brokerage fees.E. hedging your portfolio through the use of options.47. To take advantage of an arbitrage opportunity, an investor wouldI) construct a zero investment portfolio that will yield a sure profit.II) construct a zero beta investment portfolio that will yield a sure profit.III) make simultaneous trades in two markets without any net investment.IV) short sell the asset in the low-priced market and buy it in the high-priced market.A. I and IVB. I and IIIC. II and IIID. I, III, and IVE. II, III, and IV48. The factor F in the APT model representsA. firm-specific risk.B. the sensitivity of the firm to that factor.C. a factor that affects all security returns.D. the deviation from its expected value of a factor that affects all security returns.E. a random amount of return attributable to firm events.49. In the APT model, what is the nonsystematic standard deviation of an equally-weighted portfolio that has an average value of σ(e i) equal to 25% and 50 securities?A. 12.5%B. 625%C. 0.5%D. 3.54%E. 14.59%50. In the APT model, what is the nonsystematic standard deviation of an equally-weighted portfolio that has an average value of σ(e i) equal to 20% and 20 securities?A. 12.5%B. 625%C. 4.47%D. 3.54%E. 14.59%51. In the APT model, what is the nonsystematic standard deviation of an equally-weighted portfolio that has an average value of σ(e i) equal to 20% and 40 securities?A. 12.5%B. 625%C. 0.5%D. 3.54%E. 3.16%52. In the APT model, what is the nonsystematic standard deviation of an equally-weighted portfolio that has an average value of σ(e i) equal to 18% and 250 securities?A. 1.14%B. 625%C. 0.5%D. 3.54%E. 3.16%53. Which of the following is true about the security market line (SML) derived from the APT?A. The SML has a downward slope.B. The SML for the APT shows expected return in relation to portfolio standard deviation.C. The SML for the APT has an intercept equal to the expected return on the market portfolio.D. The benchmark portfolio for the SML may be any well-diversified portfolio.E. The SML is not relevant for the APT.54. Which of the following is false about the security market line (SML) derived from the APT?A. The SML has a downward slope.B. The SML for the APT shows expected return in relation to portfolio standard deviation.C. The SML for the APT has an intercept equal to the expected return on the market portfolio.D. The benchmark portfolio for the SML may be any well-diversified portfolio.E. The SML has a downward slope, the SML for the APT shows expected return in relation to portfolio standard deviation, and the SML for the APT has an intercept equal to the expected return on the market portfolio are all false.55. If arbitrage opportunities are to be ruled out, each well-diversified portfolio's expected excess return must beA. inversely proportional to the risk-free rate.B. inversely proportional to its standard deviation.C. proportional to its weight in the market portfolio.D. proportional to its standard deviation.E. proportional to its beta coefficient.56. Suppose you are working with two factor portfolios, Portfolio 1 and Portfolio 2. The portfolios have expected returns of 15% and 6%, respectively. Based on this information, what would be the expected return on well-diversified portfolio A, if Ahas a beta of 0.80 on the first factor and 0.50 on the second factor? The risk-free rate is 3%.A. 15.2%B. 14.1%C. 13.3%D. 10.7%E. 8.4%57. Which of the following is (are) true regarding the APT?I) The Security Market Line does not apply to the APT.II) More than one factor can be important in determining returns.III) Almost all individual securities satisfy the APT relationship.IV) It doesn't rely on the market portfolio that contains all assets.A. II, III, and IVB. II and IVC. II and IIID. I, II, and IVE. I, II, III, and IV58. In a factor model, the return on a stock in a particular period will be related toA. factor risk.B. non-factor risk.C. standard deviation of returns.D. both factor risk and non-factor risk.E. There is no relationship between factor risk, risk premiums, and returns.59. Which of the following factors did Chen, Roll and Ross not include in their multifactor model?A. Change in industrial productionB. Change in expected inflationC. Change in unanticipated inflationD. Excess return of long-term government bonds over T-billsE. Neither the change in industrial production, change in expected inflation, change in unanticipated inflation, nor excess return of long-term government bonds over T-bills were included in their model.60. Which of the following factors did Chen, Roll and Ross include in their multifactor model?A. Change in industrial wasteB. Change in expected inflationC. Change in unanticipated inflationD. Change in expected inflation and Change in unanticipated inflationE. All of these factors were included in their model61. Which of the following factors were used by Fama and French in their multi-factor model?A. Return on the market index.B. Excess return of small stocks over large stocks.C. Excess return of high book-to-market stocks over low book-to-market stocks.D. All of these factors were included in their model.E. None of these factors were included in their model.62. Consider the single-factor APT. Stocks A and B have expected returns of 12% and 14%, respectively. The risk-free rate of return is 5%. Stock B has a beta of 1.2. If arbitrage opportunities are ruled out, stock A has a beta of __________.A. 0.67B. 0.93C. 1.30D. 1.69E. 1.2763. Consider the one-factor APT. The standard deviation of returns on a well-diversified portfolio is 19%. The standard deviation on the factor portfolio is 12%. The beta of thewell-diversified portfolio is approximately __________.A. 1.58B. 1.13C. 1.25D. 0.76E. 1.4264. Black argues that past risk premiums on firm-characteristic variables, such as those described by Fama and French, are problematic because ________.A. they may result from data snoopingB. they are sources of systematic riskC. they can be explained by security characteristic linesD. they are more appropriate for a single-factor modelE. they are macroeconomic factors65. Multifactor models seek to improve the performance of the single-index model byA. modeling the systematic component of firm returns in greater detail.B. incorporating firm-specific components into the pricing model.C. allowing for multiple economic factors to have differential effects.D. modeling the systematic component of firm returns in greater detail, incorporatingfirm-specific components into the pricing model, and allowing for multiple economic factors to have differential effects.E. none of these statements are true.66. Multifactor models such as the one constructed by Chen, Roll, and Ross, can better describe assets' returns byA. expanding beyond one factor to represent sources of systematic risk.B. using variables that are easier to forecast ex ante.C. calculating beta coefficients by an alternative method.D. using only stocks with relatively stable returns.E. ignoring firm-specific risk.67. Consider the multifactor model APT with three factors. Portfolio A has a beta of 0.8 on factor 1, a beta of 1.1 on factor 2, and a beta of 1.25 on factor 3. The risk premiums on the factor 1, factor 2, and factor 3 are 3%, 5% and 2%, respectively. The risk-free rate of return is 3%. The expected return on portfolio A is __________ if no arbitrage opportunities exist.A. 13.5%B. 13.4%C. 16.5%D. 23.0%E. 11.6%68. Consider the multifactor APT. The risk premiums on the factor 1 and factor 2 portfolios are 6% and 4%, respectively. The risk-free rate of return is 4%. Stock A has an expected return of 16% and a beta on factor 1 of 1.3. Stock A has a beta on factor 2 of ________.A. 1.33B. 1.05C. 1.67D. 2.00E. .95。

《投资学(第6版)》课后习题参考解答.docx

第一章一、单项选择题1.下列选项中,（）不是投资的特点。

A.投资通常是刚性兑付B.投资的复杂性和系统性C.投资周期相对较长D.投资项目实施的连续性和资金投入的波动性E.投资金融答案：A。

应为"投资具有风险性”。

2.下列选项中,（）不是投资对经济增长的影响或作用的表现。

A.从资源配置角度看，投资影响经济结构，从而促进经济增长B.国民收入水平下降的年份，年度投资规模也相应减少，以保证人民生活水平改善的步伐C.从要素投入角度看，投资供给对经济增长有推动作用，增加生产资料供给，为扩大再生产提供物质条件D.从要素投入角度看，投资需求对经济增长有拉动作用，增加一笔投资会带来大于这笔投资额数倍的国民收入增加答案：B。

B为投资的特点之三。

年度投资规模的增长具有波动性。

年度投资规模与国民经济形势和国民收入多少密切相关。

二、多项选择题1.投资的要素包括（）。

A.投资主体B.投资客体C.投资目的D.投资方式E.投资金额答案：ABCD。

2.投资学的研究方法包括（）。

A.理论与实践相结合B.实证分析与规范分析相结合C.历史分析与比较分析相结合D.系统分析与定量分析相结合E.静态分析与动态分析相结合答案：ABCDE。

三、判断题1.从1992年开始，尽管我国经济体制改革不断深入，但社会各界对投资概念、投资范围的认识并未变化,投资只包括直接投资，即将资金直接投入建设项目形成固定资产和流动资产。

（）答案：错。

解释：投资概念、投资范围的认识也不断深化，投资包括直接投资也包括间接投资，即购买有价证券，形成金融资产。

2.无论哪一种方式的金融投资，都是货币资金转化为金融资产，没有直接实现实物资产的增加。

现实生活中实物投资与金融投资具有相互依存和相互促进的关系，金融投资以实物投资为基础,除了某些特殊的金融投资外，并不转化为实物投资。

（）答案：对。

3.尽管社会主义市场经济不断发展与完善，但我国原有的以国家投资为主的投融资格局仍未被打破。

证券投资学第三版丁忠明课后答案

证券投资学第三版丁忠明课后答案一、判断题1．现代证券投资理论是为解决证券投资中收益－风险关系而诞生的理论。

答案：是2．以马柯维茨为代表的经济学家在19世纪50年代中期创立了名为“资本资产定价模型”的新理论。

答案：非3．证券组合理论由哈里·马柯维茨创立，该理论解释了最优证券组合的定价原则。

答案：非4．证券投资收益的最大化和投资风险的最小化这两个目标往往是矛盾的。

答案：是5．证券组合的预期收益率仅取决于组合中每一证券的预期收益率。

答案：非6．证券投资组合收益率的标准差可以测定投资组合的风险。

答案：是7．有效组合在各种风险条件下提供最大的预期收益率的组合。

答案：是8．投资者如何在有效边界中选择一个最优的证券组合，取决于投资者对风险的偏好程度。

9、投资者所选择的最优组合不一定在有效边界上。

答案：非10．马柯维茨认为，证券投资过程可以分为四个阶段，首先应考虑各种可能的证券组合；然后要计算这些证券组合的收益率、标准差和协方差；通过比较收益率和方差决定有效组合；利用无差异曲线与有效边界的切点确定对最优组合的选择。

答案：是11．CAPM的一个假设是存在一种无风险资产，投资者可以无限的以无风险利率对该资产进行借入和贷出。

答案：是12．无风险资产的收益率为零，收益率的标准差为零，收益率与风险资产收益率的协方差也为零。

答案：非13．根据资本资产定价理论，引入无风险借贷后，所有投资者的最优组合中，对风险资产的选择是相同的。

答案：是14．在市场的均衡状态下，有些证券在切点组合T中有一个非零的比例，有些证券在该组合中的比例为零。

答案：非15．资本市场线上的每一点都表示由市场证券组合和无风险借贷综合计算出的收益率与风险的集合。

16．资本市场线没有说明非有效组合的收益和风险之间的特定关系。

答案：是17．单项证券的收益率可以分解为无风险利率、系统性收益率和非系统性收益率。

答案：是18、在实际操作中，由于不能确切地知道市场证券组合的构成，我们往往可以用某一市场指数来代替市场证券组合。

投资学课后答案APT

投资学(金德环)1-10课后习题解答

A B C D E 19% 15% 7% 16.6% 0.8 1.5 12% 0 8% 15% 81 36 0 12.926%
E ( Ri ) R f [ E ( Rm ) R f ]i (1) E ( RA ) R f [ E ( Rm ) R f ] A R f [ E ( Rm ) R f ]*0.8 (2) E ( RB ) R f [ E ( Rm ) R f ] B 19% R f [ E ( Rm ) R f ]*1.5 (3) E ( RC ) R f [ E ( Rm ) R f ]C 15% R f [ E ( Rm ) R f ]C (4) E ( RD ) R f [ E ( Rm ) R f ] D 7% R f [ E ( Rm ) R f ]*0 (5) E ( RE ) R f [ E ( Rm ) R f ] E 16.6% R f [ E ( Rm ) R f ]*1.2
证券 A B C
n
贝塔值 0.9 1.3 1.05
权重 0.3 0.1 0.6
p X ii 0.9*0.3 1.3*0.1 1.05*0.6 1.03
i 1

10、请根据CAPM中收益与风险的关系补充下表中缺失的数据： i E ( Ri ) i i 2 证券名称
0.5*(16 8.25) 2 0.3*(2.5 8.25) 2 0.2*(2.5 8.25) 2 7.94
p

4、项目A的收益为4％，标准差为7.5％，项目B的收益为10 ％，标准差为９％，投资哪个项目？

方法I ：变异系数（取小：B） CV 7.5% 1.88; CV 9% 0.9 A B

【最新推荐】投资学课后答案-范文模板 (20页)

本文部分内容来自网络整理，本司不为其真实性负责，如有异议或侵权请及时联系，本司将立即删除！== 本文为word格式，下载后可方便编辑和修改！ ==投资学课后答案篇一：投资学课后习题答案第一章1. 答：交易机制指市场的交易规则和保证规则实施的技术以及规则和技术对定价机制的影响。

它的主要研究内容包括：从市场微观结构的角度去看，价格是在什么样的规则和程序中形成的，并分析交易机制对资产交易的过程和结果的影响。

2. 答：报价驱动机制与指令驱动机制的区别在于：①价格形成方式不同。

在采用做市商制度的市场上，证券的开盘价格和随后的交易价格是由做市商报出的，而指令驱动制度的开盘价与随后的交易价格都是竞价形成的。

前者从交易系统外部输入价格，后者的成交价格是在交易系统内部生成的。

②信息传递范围与速度不同。

采用做市商机制，投资者买卖指令首先报给做市商，做市商是唯一全面及时知晓买卖信息的交易商，成交量与成交价随后才会传递给整个市场。

在指令驱动机制中，买卖指令、成交量与成交价几乎同步传递给整个市场。

③交易量与价格维护机制不同。

在报价驱动机制中，做市商有义务维护交易量与交易价格。

而指令驱动机制则不存在交易量与交易价格的维护机制。

④处理大额买卖指令的能力不同。

做市商报价驱动机制能够有效处理大额买卖指令。

而在指令驱动机制中，大额买卖指令要等待交易对手的买卖盘，完成交易常常要等待较长时间。

其它交易机制还包括混合交易机制、特殊会员制度等。

3. 答：一般来说，做市商市场的流动性要高于竞价市场，即投资者在竞价市场所面临的执行风险要大于做市商市场。

但是，竞价市场的透明度要好于做市商市场，同时，做市商市场的平均交易成本要高于竞价市场。

竞价市场的优点：①透明度高。

在指令驱动制度中，买卖盘信息、成交量与成交价格信息等及时对整个市场发布，投资者几乎可以同步了解到交易信息。

透明度高，有利于投资者观察市场。

②信息传递速度快、范围广。

指令驱动制度几乎可以实现交易信息同步传递，整个市场可以同时分享交易信息，很难发生交易信息垄断。

张元萍主编《投资学》课后习题答案

张元萍《投资学》课后习题答案第一章能力训练答案选择题1 2 3 4 5 6A B A D D C7 8 9 10 11 12B AC ABC ABD ABCD13 14 15 16 17ABCD ACD BD AB BD思考题1．投资就是投资主体、投资目的、投资方式和行为内在联系的统一，这充分体现了投资必然与所有权相联系的本质特征。

也就是说，投资是要素投入权、资产所有权、收益占有权的统一。

这是因为：①反映投资与所有权联系的三权统一的本质特征，适用于商品市场经济的一切时空。

从时间上看，无论是商品经济发展的低级阶段还是高度发达的市场经济阶段，投资都无一例外地是要素投入权、资产所有权、收益占有权的统一；从空间上看，无论是在中国还是外国乃至全球范围，投资都无一例外地是这三权的高度统一。

②反映投资与所有权联系的三权统一的本质特征，适用于任何投资种类和形式。

尽管投资的类型多种多样，投资的形式千差万别，但它们都是投资的三权统一。

③反映投资与所有权联系的三权统一本质特征贯穿于投资运动的全过程。

投资的全过程是从投入要素形成资产开始到投入生产，生产出成果，最后凭借对资产的所有权获取收益。

这一全过程实际上都是投资三权统一的实现过程。

④反映投资与所有权联系的三权统一本质特征，是投资区别于其他经济活动的根本标志。

投资的这种本质特征决定着投资的目的和动机，规定着投资的发展方向，决定着投资的运动规律。

这些都使投资与其他经济活动区别开来，从而构成独立的经济范畴和研究领域。

2．金融投资在整个社会经济中的作用来看，金融投资的功能具有共性，主要有以下几个方面：（1）筹资与投资的功能。

这是金融投资最基本的功能。

筹资是金融商品服务筹资主体的功能，投资是金融商品服务投资主体的功能。

社会经济发展的最终决定力量是其物质技术基础，物质技术基础的不断扩大、提高必须依靠实业投资。

（2）分散化与多元化功能。

金融投资促进了投资权力和投资风险分散化，同时又创造了多元化的投资主体集合。

投资学课后题及答案

Chapter 1 The Investment Environment 1.What is a real asset?Real assets are used to produce goods and services. Real assets consist of land, labor, and buildings. These generate income to the economy and determine both the material wealth and productive capacity of the economy. Additionally, real assets appear on only one side of the balance sheet.2.What is a financial asset?Financial assets are claims on real assets and income from them. Financial assets consist of stocks and bonds. These contribute indirectly to the productive capacity of the economy. Additionally, financial assets appear on both sides of the balance sheet.3.What is consumption timing and why is it important? Consumption timing allows flexibility between earnings and spending. Therefore, when we are younger and we can consume more than we earn by borrowing money to by homes and automobiles. As we age, we can invest to so that we can retire someday and live off of our prior earnings. Financial assets4.What is allocation of risk and why is it important?Allocation of risk is creating assets with various degrees of risk. This enables firms to raise capital and also gives investors a choice of assets with various risk levels from which to choose5.What is separation of ownership and why is it important?The separation of ownership and management is important. Unlike a sole proprietorship where the owners are the managers, owners of corporations are stockholders. Stockholders elect the broad of directors that hires the management team. The objective that all owners can agree to is for management to maximize the value of the firm (share price).6.What are the three sectors of the economy and what is theirprimary need?A. Firms are typically net borrowers as they seek to expand the firm and require resources to take on valuable projects.B. Households are typically net savers as they seek to use consumption timing to plan for longer-term financial requirements such as educating their children and investing for retirement. As such, they are interested in risk and after tax returns of investments.C. Governments are typically net borrowers but their needs depend on the current relationship between tax receipts and expenditures7.List and explain four important functions that financialintermediates perform.Financial intermediaries connect borrowers and lenders. Financial intermediaries are able to sell their own securities and invest in the liabilities of other firms. As such they can:A. pool resources to spread management costs over an larger base which reduces costs to an individual investor.B. diversify investments by being able to invest in more securities.C. develop expertise through the increased volume of business that they do.D. achieve economies of scale by being spread research costs over the pool.]8.What is securitization and why is it important?Securitization allows borrowers to enter capital markets directly. Loans are arranged into pass-through securities (such as mortgage pool) and investors can invest in securities backed by those pools9.List and briefly explain five ways an investor can globallydiversityA primary market transaction is where securities are initially issued. Thus, the issuing firm receives the money and delivers the securities. The secondary market is where existing securities are traded. Thus, the firm that originally issued the securities receives no proceeds from the transaction. The individual selling the securities receives the money and delivers the securities while the individual buying the securities delivers the money 10.The four types of markets where trading takes place are listedbelow.A. Direct search markets. In direct search markets buyers and sellers must find each other. These markets are characterized by sporadic trading and low-priced non-standard goods such as refrigerator or sofas.B. Brokered markets. In markets that have active trading, brokers find it profitable to offer search services to buyers and seller. One example of this is real estate.C. Dealer market. In dealer markets, the dealers specialize by buying and selling for their own account. Dealers profit from the difference between their buying price and selling price (bid-ask spread). The OTC market is a dealer market.D. Auction market. In an auction market, such as the NYSE, all tradersconverge in one place to buy or sell an asset. Auction markets require heavy trading to make them efficient.11.The five ways for investors to globally diversify portfolio arelisted and discussed below.A.Investors can purchase American Depository Receipts (ADR=s) whichare a certificate that is denominated in dollars and represents a claim ona bundle of stock.B.Investors can purchase directly purchase foreign securities offered forsale in dollars.C.Investors can purchase international mutual funds that invest ininternational securities.D.Investors can purchase derivatives on foreign securities.E.Investors can purchase World Equity Benchmark Shares (WEBS) whichuse the same structure as an ADR but allow an investor to tradeportfolios of foreign stocks in a selected country.Chapter 2 Financial Instruments1.The price quotations of Treasury bonds in the Wall Street Journalshow an ask price of 101:12 and a bid price of 101:07.A. As a buyer of the bond what is the dollar price you expect to pay?B. As a seller of the bond what is the dollar price you expect to receive?A. You would pay the ask price of the dealer, 10112/32 or 101.375% of$10,000, or $10,137.50.B. You would receive the bid price of the dealer, 1017/32 or 101.21875% of$10,000, or $10,121.875.2.An investor is considering the purchase of either a municipal or acorporate bond that pay before tax rates of return of 6.92% and9.67%, respectively. If the investor is in the 25% marginal taxbracket, his or her after tax rates of return on the municipal and corporate bonds would be_________ and _________,respectively.Corporate bonds are taxable, therefore the after tax return would ber c=0.0967(1-0.25) =0.0725 or 7.25%. Since municipal bonds are free of federal tax the after tax return is equal to the before tax rate of return r m=0.0692(1-0) =6.92%.3. A 6.25% 25-year municipal bond is currently priced to yield8.7%. For a taxpayer in the 25% marginal tax bracket, this bondwould offer an equivalent taxable yield of __________.The equivalent taxable yield is the yield divided by the quantity one minus the tax rate or r m/ (1-t). Therefore, 0.087/0.75=11.6%.4.If three stocks comprise an index and the returns on the threestocks during a given period were 17%, -13%, and 6%, whatwould be the geometric return of the index?To compute a geometric average, add one to each of the returns and multiply each of the terms to find the geometric sum. To find the geometric average, the geometric sum is raised to 1/n and then one is subtracted. Therefore, the geometric mean is [(1.17) (0.87) (1.06)]1/3-1=2.566%.5.In order for you to be indifferent between the after tax returns ona corporate bond paying 8.15% and a tax-exempt municipalbond paying 6.32%, what would you tax bracket need to be? For you to be indifferent, the after tax returns would need to be equal. Since only the corporate bond is taxed, r c(1-t)= r m. Therefore,0.0632=0.0815(1-t), (1-t) =0.77546, and t=0.2245 or 22.45%.6. A $1,000 face value bond pays annual coupon payments of $65and is currently priced at $967. The current yield of the bond is __________.The current yield is annual interest divided by the current price ($65/$967) = 6.72%.pare the after tax return to a corporation that buys a share ofpreferred stock at the beginning of the year for $65, receives a dividend of $4.50 during the year, and sells the stock at the end of the year for $65. The corporation is in the 30% tax bracket.Answer the questions below based on the information given in the following table.Stock Price Number of shares outstandingStock A $35 2,000Stock B $82 4,500Stock C $21 1,600The total before tax income is the $4.50 dividend. Since the firm can exclude 70% of the dividend from tax, the firm must pay tax on 30% of the dividend, or ($4.50×0.30) =$1.35. Since the firm is in the 30% tax bracket the taxliability is $1.35×0.30=0.405. Therefore, the firm nets (after tax)$4.50-0.41=4.09. Since the firm experienced no capital gain (or loss), the after tax return is $4.09/$65 = 0.06292 or 6.29%.8.The price-weighted index constructed with the three stocks is__________.A price weighted index is constructed by adding the prices of the securities and dividing by the number of securities in the index ($35 + $82 + $21)/3 = $46.9.The value-weighted index constructed with the three stocksusing a divisor of 1,000 is __________.A value-weighted index is computed by first computing the market value of each stock (price time the number of shares outstanding). Once each market value is computed, add the market values together and divide by the divisor. In this case it is [($35×2,000) + ($82×4,500) +($21×1,600)]/1,000 = 472.60.10.Assume that the return on stocks A, B, and C (above) during theyear were 18%, -6%, and 30%, respectively.A.The return of the price-weighted index would be__________.B.The return of the value-weighted index would be__________.C.The arithmetic return of the equally weighted index wouldbe__________.A. To compute the return of the price-weighted index you need to find the new prices of the stocks and then compute the average as follows:Stock A = [$35×(1.18)] = $41.30Stock A = [$82×(0.94)] = $77.08Stock A = [$21×(1.30)] = $27.30Average = (41.30 + 77.08 +27.30)/3 = $48.56.The change in the index value (return) is (48.56 - 46)/46 = 5.565%.B. To compute the return of the value-weighted index you need to use the new prices to find the new value of the index. The return will be the change in the value of the index. In this case the new value is [($41.30×2,000) + ($77.08×4,500) + ($27.30×1,600)]/1,000 = 473.14. The old value is [($35×2,000) + ($82×4,500) + ($21×1,600)]/1,000 = 472.60. Therefore, the return is (473.14 – 472.60)/472.60 = 0.11%.C. The return of an equally weighted index is the sum of the return of eachsecurity in the index divided by the number of securities or [18% + (-6%) + 30%]/3 = 14%.Chapter 3 Security Markets1.Assume you purchased 400 shares of IBM common stock onmargin at $85 per share from your broker. If the initial margin is 60%, how much did you borrow from the broker?If you bought 400 shares@ $85/share, the cost is 400*$85=$34,000. Of this you invested $34,000*0.6=20,400 and borrowed$34,000*(1-0.6)=$13,600.2.You sold short 350 shares of common stock at $42 per share. Theinitial margin is 60%. Your initial investment was___________.If you sold short 350 share@ $42/share the proceeds are350*$42=$14,700. With a margin of 60% you must invest$14,700*0.6=$8,820.3.You purchased 1,000 shares of Cisco common stock on margin at$18 per share. Assume the initial margin is 50% and themaintenance margin is 30%. Below what stock price level would you get a margin call? Assume the stock pays no dividend; ignore interest on margin.If you purchased 1,000 shares@ $18/share the cost is$18*1,000=$18,000. Of this you must invest 50% and can borrow 50%.Therefore, the loan amount is $18,000*0.5=$9,000. Margin=[1,000P-$9,000]/1,000P.Therefore, 0.30 = (1,00P-$9,000)/1,000P; 300P=1,000P-$9,000;-700P=-$9,000; P=$12.864.You purchased 600 shares of common stock on margin at $27 pershare. Assume the initial margin is 50% and the stock pays nodividend. What would the maintenance margin be if a margin call is made at a stock price of $22? Ignore interest on margin.If you purchased 600 shares@ $27/share the cost is $27*600=$16,200.Therefore, you invest 50% and borrowed the other 50% of the amount.The loan amount is 16,200*0.5=%8,100.Margin = [600*$22-$8,100]/ 600*$22; Margin = 0.386 or 38.6%.5.You purchased 200 shares of common stock on margin at $35 pershare. Assume the initial margin is 50% and the stock pays no dividend. What would your rate of return be if you sell the stock at price of $45.50 per share? Ignore interest on margin.The initial investment is 200*$35*0.50=$3,500. The change in value of the stock is ($45.50-$35)*200 = $2,100. Therefore, the return =$2,000/$3,500 = 60%.6.Assume you sell short 100 shares of common stock at $30 pershare, with initial margin at 50% and the stock pays no dividend.What would your rate of return if you repurchase the stock at $37/share? The stock paid no dividends during the period, and you did not remove any money from the account before making the offsetting transaction.The profit on the stock is = ($30-$37)*100 = -$700. The initialinvestment is $100*0.30*0.5=1,500. Therefore, the return is-$700/$1,500 = -46.67%.7.You sold short 200 shares of common stock at $30 per share. Theinitial margin at 50%. At what stock price would you receive a margin call if the maintenance margin is 35%.The amount in your account is 200*$50*1.5 = $15,000 and you owe 200 shares of stock. Therefore your net equity is $15,000-200P.Margin = net equity/amount you owe or 0.35 = ($15,000 -200P)/200P.Rearranging, $70 = $15,000 – 200P; 270P=$15,000; P = $55.55.8.Assume you sold short 100 shares of common stock at $25 pershare. The initial margin at 50%. What would be themaintenance margin if a margin call is made at a stock price of $30?The amount your account is $25*100*1.5 = $3,750 and you owe 100 shares of stock. Therefore your net equity is $3,750-100P.Margin = net equity/amount you owe or 0.35 = ($3,750-100*$30)/100*$30=25%..Rearranging, $70 = $15,000 – 200P; 270P=$15,000; P = $55.55.9.You want to purchase AMAT stock at $42 from your broker usingas little of your own money as possible. If initial margin is 50% and you have $2,700 to invest, how many shares can you buy?The margin is 50% or = 0.5 = ($42Q - $2,700)/$42Q. Therefore, $21Q = $42Q - $2,700.Rearranging, -$21Q = -$2,700; Q = 128.54. Since you can only buy whole shares, you can buy 128 shares. Alternatively, you can buy[$2,700*2]/$42 = 128. 57 shares.10.You buy 150 shares of Citicorp for $25 per share and depositinitial margin of 50%. The next day Citicorp's price drop to $20 per share. What is your actual margin?The actual margin (AT) is AM = [150*$20-0.5*150*25]/[150*$20] =0.375 or 37.5%.Chapter 4 Mutual Funds and Other Investment Companies1. A mutual fund had NAV per share of $14.25 on January 1, 2003.On December 31 of the same year the fund's NAV was $14.87.Income distributions were $0.59 and the fund had capital gain distributions of $1.36. Without considering taxes andtransactions costs, what rate of return did an investor receive on the fund last year?The return is calculated by finding the change in value of the investment divided by the price. The change in value is the capital gain (whether realized or not) plus the sum of all distributions. Therefore,Return= ($14.87 -14.25 + 0.59 + 1.36)/ $14.25 = 18.04%.2. A mutual fund had NAV per share of $16.25 on January 1, 2003.On December 31 of the same year the fund's rate of return was14.2%. Income distributions were $1.02 and the fund had capitalgain distributions of $0.63. Without considering taxes andtransactions costs, what ending NAV would you calculate?The return is equals the capital gain plus the all distributions divided by the investment. Therefore, 0.142 = (P - $16.25 + 1.02 + 0.63)/$16.25;P = $16.9075.3. A mutual fund had year-end assets of $316,000,000 andliabilities of $42,000,000. If the fund's NVA was $28.64, how many shares must have been held in the fund?The number of shares equals the assets minus the liabilities divided by the NAV. Therefore, ($316,000,000 - $42,000,000)/$28.64 =9,567,039.106 shares.4. A mutual fund had year-end assets of $750,000,000 andliabilities of $8,000,000. There were 40,750,000 shares in the fund at year end. What was the mutual fund's Net Asset Value?NAV equals assets minus liabilities divided by the number of shares.Therefore, ($750,000,000 – 8,000,000)/40,750,000 = $18.21.5. A mutual fund had average daily assets of $1.8 billion on 2003.The fund sold $625 million worth of stock and purchased $900 million worth of stock during the year. The fund's turnover ratio is ___________.Turnover is the value of securities sold divided by the average assets of the fund. Therefore, 625,000,000/1,800,000,000 = 34.7%.6.You purchased shares of a mutual fund at a price of $18 per shareat the beginning of the year and paid a front-end load of 5.75%.If the securities in which the fund invested increased in value by 12% during the year, and the fund's expense ratio was 0.75%, your return of you sold the fund at the end of the year would be _______.Since the fund has a front-end load, only (1-load) (or 0.9425) times NAV(18) is actually invested and growing. The money invested will grow at12% minus the 0.75% fees (or 11.25%). Therefore, [($18)(0.9425)(1.12-0.075) - $18]/$18 = 4.85% return.7.Apex fund has a NAV of 16.12 and a front load of 5.62%. What isthe offer price?The offer price equals NAV divided by one minus load. Therefore, $16.12 / (1 – 0.0562) = $17.08.8.Exponential growth fund has an offer price of 14.77 and a load of6%. What is the NAV?The offer price times on minus load equals NAV. Therefore, NAV equals $14.77 (0.94) = $13.889. A fund owns only three stocks with prices and quantities shownbelow. The fund has 50,000 shares outstanding. If the fund has $47,000 in liabilities, its NAV is________.Stock Price Number of shares outstandingStock A $35 2,000Stock B $82 4,500Stock C $21 1,600The value of assets is [($35?2,000) + ($82?4,500) + ($21?1.600)] = $472,600. Since NAV is asset minus liabilities divided by the number of shares outstanding, NAV = ($472,600 - $47,000)/50,000 = $8.5110.You have decided to invest $10,000 in the Pinnacle fund. Overthe long haul, the Pinnacle fund is expected to earn a return of10.25% on the portfolio (gross of fees). However, Pinnacle fundoffers several classes of funds. Therefore, you can choose to paya front load of 5% and escape 12-b1 fees or you can avoid theload fee by paying 12-b1 fees of 0.75%. If you investmenthorizon is 16 years, which should you choose?Since both strategies have a claim on the same portfolio of securities, you need to compute you expected terminal wealth under each strategy.The terminal wealth in the no-load fund would be the initial investment ($10,000) times one plus the net rate of return (return minus 12-b1 fee) or 1.095 raised to the N number of years (16). Therefore, 10,00(1.095)16 = $42,719.48.The terminal wealth in the front-end load fund would be the initialinvestment in the portfolio ($10,000) (1-load) times on plus the rate of return or 1.1025 raised to the N number of years (16). Therefore,9,500(1.1025)16= $45,266.94.In this case, you would be better off with the load-end fund.———大猫。

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Chapter 10 Arbitrage Pricing Theory and Multifactor Models of Risk and Return Multiple Choice Questions1. ___________ a relationship between expected return and risk.A. APT stipulatesB. CAPM stipulatesC. Both CAPM and APT stipulateD. Neither CAPM nor APT stipulateE. No pricing model has found2. Consider the multifactor APT with two factors. Stock A has an expected return of 17.6%, a beta of 1.45 on factor 1 and a beta of .86 on factor 2. The risk premium on the factor 1 portfolio is3.2%. The risk-free rate of return is 5%. What is the risk-premium on factor 2 if no arbitrage opportunities exit?A. 9.26%B. 3%C. 4%D. 7.75%E. 9.75%3. In a multi-factor APT model, the coefficients on the macro factors are often called ______.A. systemic riskB. factor sensitivitiesC. idiosyncratic riskD. factor betasE. both factor sensitivities and factor betas4. In a multi-factor APT model, the coefficients on the macro factors are often called ______.A. systemic riskB. firm-specific riskC. idiosyncratic riskD. factor betasE. unique risk5. In a multi-factor APT model, the coefficients on the macro factors are often called ______.A. systemic riskB. firm-specific riskC. idiosyncratic riskD. factor loadingsE. unique risk6. Which pricing model provides no guidance concerning the determination of the risk premium on factor portfolios?A. The CAPMB. The multifactor APTC. Both the CAPM and the multifactor APTD. Neither the CAPM nor the multifactor APTE. No pricing model currently exists that provides guidance concerning the determination of the risk premium on any portfolio7. An arbitrage opportunity exists if an investor can construct a __________ investment portfolio that will yield a sure profit.A. small positiveB. small negativeC. zeroD. large positiveE. large negative8. The APT was developed in 1976 by ____________.A. LintnerB. Modigliani and MillerC. RossD. SharpeE. Fama9. A _________ portfolio is a well-diversified portfolio constructed to have a beta of 1 on one of the factors and a beta of 0 on any other factor.A. factorB. marketC. indexD. factor and marketE. factor, market, and index10. The exploitation of security mispricing in such a way that risk-free economic profits may be earned is called ___________.A. arbitrageB. capital asset pricingC. factoringD. fundamental analysisE. technical analysis11. In developing the APT, Ross assumed that uncertainty in asset returns was a result ofA. a common macroeconomic factor.B. firm-specific factors.C. pricing error.D. neither common macroeconomic factors nor firm-specific factors.E. both common macroeconomic factors and firm-specific factors.12. The ____________ provides an unequivocal statement on the expected return-beta relationship for all assets, whereas the _____________ implies that this relationship holds for all but perhaps a small number of securities.A. APT; CAPMB. APT; OPMC. CAPM; APTD. CAPM; OPME. APT and OPM; CAPM13. Consider a single factor APT. Portfolio A has a beta of 1.0 and an expected return of 16%. Portfolio B has a beta of 0.8 and an expected return of 12%. The risk-free rate of return is 6%. If you wanted to take advantage of an arbitrage opportunity, you should take a short position in portfolio __________ and a long position in portfolio _______.A. A; AB. A; BC. B; AD. B; BE. A; the riskless asset14. Consider the single factor APT. Portfolio A has a beta of 0.2 and an expected return of 13%. Portfolio B has a beta of 0.4 and an expected return of 15%. The risk-free rate of return is 10%. If you wanted to take advantage of an arbitrage opportunity, you should take a short position in portfolio _________ and a long position in portfolio _________.A. A; AB. A; BC. B; AD. B; BE. No arbitrage opportunity exists.15. Consider the one-factor APT. The variance of returns on the factor portfolio is 6%. The beta of a well-diversified portfolio on the factor is 1.1. The variance of returns on thewell-diversified portfolio is approximately __________.A. 3.6%B. 6.0%C. 7.3%D. 10.1%E. 8.6%16. Consider the one-factor APT. The standard deviation of returns on a well-diversified portfolio is 18%. The standard deviation on the factor portfolio is 16%. The beta of thewell-diversified portfolio is approximately __________.A. 0.80B. 1.13C. 1.25D. 1.56E. 0.9317. Consider the single-factor APT. Stocks A and B have expected returns of 15% and 18%, respectively. The risk-free rate of return is 6%. Stock B has a beta of 1.0. If arbitrage opportunities are ruled out, stock A has a beta of __________.A. 0.67B. 1.00C. 1.30D. 1.69E. 0.7518. Consider the multifactor APT with two factors. Stock A has an expected return of 16.4%, a beta of 1.4 on factor 1 and a beta of .8 on factor 2. The risk premium on the factor 1 portfolio is 3%. The risk-free rate of return is 6%. What is the risk-premium on factor 2 if no arbitrage opportunities exit?A. 2%B. 3%C. 4%D. 7.75%E. 6.89%19. Consider the multifactor model APT with two factors. Portfolio A has a beta of 0.75 on factor 1 and a beta of 1.25 on factor 2. The risk premiums on the factor 1 and factor 2 portfolios are 1% and 7%, respectively. The risk-free rate of return is 7%. The expected return on portfolio A is __________ if no arbitrage opportunities exist.A. 13.5%B. 15.0%C. 16.5%D. 23.0%E. 18.7%20. Consider the multifactor APT with two factors. The risk premiums on the factor 1 and factor 2 portfolios are 5% and 6%, respectively. Stock A has a beta of 1.2 on factor 1, and a beta of 0.7 on factor 2. The expected return on stock A is 17%. If no arbitrage opportunities exist, the risk-free rate of return is ___________.A. 6.0%B. 6.5%C. 6.8%D. 7.4%E. 7.7%21. Consider a one-factor economy. Portfolio A has a beta of 1.0 on the factor and portfolio B has a beta of 2.0 on the factor. The expected returns on portfolios A and B are 11% and 17%, respectively. Assume that the risk-free rate is 6% and that arbitrage opportunities exist. Suppose you invested $100,000 in the risk-free asset, $100,000 in portfolio B, and sold short $200,000 of portfolio A. Your expected profit from this strategy would be ______________.A. −$1,000B. $0C. $1,000D. $2,000E. $1,60022. Consider the one-factor APT. Assume that two portfolios, A and B, are well diversified. The betas of portfolios A and B are 1.0 and 1.5, respectively. The expected returns on portfolios A and B are 19% and 24%, respectively. Assuming no arbitrage opportunities exist, therisk-free rate of return must be ____________.A. 4.0%B. 9.0%C. 14.0%D. 16.5%E. 8.2%23. Consider the multifactor APT. The risk premiums on the factor 1 and factor 2 portfolios are 5% and 3%, respectively. The risk-free rate of return is 10%. Stock A has an expected return of 19% and a beta on factor 1 of 0.8. Stock A has a beta on factor 2 of ________.A. 1.33B. 1.50C. 1.67D. 2.00E. 1.7324. Consider the single factor APT. Portfolios A and B have expected returns of 14% and 18%, respectively. The risk-free rate of return is 7%. Portfolio A has a beta of 0.7. If arbitrage opportunities are ruled out, portfolio B must have a beta of __________.A. 0.45B. 1.00C. 1.10D. 1.22E. 1.33There are three stocks, A, B, and C. You can either invest in these stocks or short sell them. There are three possible states of nature for economic growth in the upcoming year; economic growth may be strong, moderate, or weak. The returns for the upcoming year on stocks A, B, and C for each of these states of nature are given below:25. If you invested in an equally weighted portfolio of stocks A and B, your portfolio return would be ___________ if economic growth were moderate.A. 3.0%B. 14.5%C. 15.5%D. 16.0%E. 17.0%26. If you invested in an equally weighted portfolio of stocks A and C, your portfolio return would be ____________ if economic growth was strong.A. 17.0%B. 22.5%C. 30.0%D. 30.5%E. 25.6%27. If you invested in an equally weighted portfolio of stocks B and C, your portfolio return would be _____________ if economic growth was weak.A. −2.5%B. 0.5%C. 3.0%D. 11.0%E. 9.0%28. If you wanted to take advantage of a risk-free arbitrage opportunity, you should take a short position in _________ and a long position in an equally weighted portfolio of _______.A. A; B and CB. B; A and CC. C; A and BD. A and B; CE. No arbitrage opportunity exists.Consider the multifactor APT. There are two independent economic factors, F1and F2. The risk-free rate of return is 6%. The following information is available about two well-diversified portfolios:29. Assuming no arbitrage opportunities exist, the risk premium on the factor F1portfolio should be __________.A. 3%B. 4%C. 5%D. 6%E. 2%30. Assuming no arbitrage opportunities exist, the risk premium on the factor F2 portfolio should be ___________.A. 3%B. 4%C. 5%D. 6%E. 2%31. A zero-investment portfolio with a positive expected return arises when _________.A. an investor has downside risk onlyB. the law of prices is not violatedC. the opportunity set is not tangent to the capital allocation lineD. a risk-free arbitrage opportunity existsE. a risk-free arbitrage opportunity does not exist32. An investor will take as large a position as possible when an equilibrium price relationship is violated. This is an example of _________.A. a dominance argumentB. the mean-variance efficiency frontierC. a risk-free arbitrageD. the capital asset pricing modelE. the SML33. The APT differs from the CAPM because the APT _________.A. places more emphasis on market riskB. minimizes the importance of diversificationC. recognizes multiple unsystematic risk factorsD. recognizes multiple systematic risk factorsE. places more emphasis on systematic risk34. The feature of the APT that offers the greatest potential advantage over the CAPM is the ______________.A. use of several factors instead of a single market index to explain the risk-return relationshipB. identification of anticipated changes in production, inflation, and term structure as key factors in explaining the risk-return relationshipC. superior measurement of the risk-free rate of return over historical time periodsD. variability of coefficients of sensitivity to the APT factors for a given asset over timeE. superior measurement of the risk-free rate of return over historical time periods and variability of coefficients of sensitivity to the APT factors for a given asset over time35. In terms of the risk/return relationship in the APTA. only factor risk commands a risk premium in market equilibrium.B. only systematic risk is related to expected returns.C. only nonsystematic risk is related to expected returns.D. only factor risk commands a risk premium in market equilibrium and only systematic risk is related to expected returns.E. only factor risk commands a risk premium in market equilibrium and only nonsystematic risk is related to expected returns.36. The following factors might affect stock returns:A. the business cycle.B. interest rate fluctuations.C. inflation rates.D. the business cycle, interest rate fluctuations, and inflation rates.E. the relationship between past FRED spreads.37. Advantage(s) of the APT is(are)A. that the model provides specific guidance concerning the determination of the risk premiums on the factor portfolios.B. that the model does not require a specific benchmark market portfolio.C. that risk need not be considered.D. that the model provides specific guidance concerning the determination of the risk premiums on the factor portfolios and that the model does not require a specific benchmark market portfolio.E. that the model does not require a specific benchmark market portfolio and that risk need not be considered.38. Portfolio A has expected return of 10% and standard deviation of 19%. Portfolio B has expected return of 12% and standard deviation of 17%. Rational investors willA. borrow at the risk free rate and buy A.B. sell A short and buy B.C. sell B short and buy A.D. borrow at the risk free rate and buy B.E. lend at the risk free rate and buy B.39. An important difference between CAPM and APT isA. CAPM depends on risk-return dominance; APT depends on a no arbitrage condition.B. CAPM assumes many small changes are required to bring the market back to equilibrium; APT assumes a few large changes are required to bring the market back to equilibrium.C. implications for prices derived from CAPM arguments are stronger than prices derived from APT arguments.D. CAPM depends on risk-return dominance; APT depends on a no arbitrage condition, CAPM assumes many small changes are required to bring the market back to equilibrium; APT assumes a few large changes are required to bring the market back to equilibrium, implications for prices derived from CAPM arguments are stronger than prices derived from APT arguments.E. CAPM depends on risk-return dominance; APT depends on a no arbitrage condition and assumes many small changes are required to bring the market back to equilibrium.40. A professional who searches for mispriced securities in specific areas such as merger-target stocks, rather than one who seeks strict (risk-free) arbitrage opportunities is engaged inA. pure arbitrage.B. risk arbitrage.C. option arbitrage.D. equilibrium arbitrage.E. covered interest arbitrage.41. In the context of the Arbitrage Pricing Theory, as a well-diversified portfolio becomes larger its nonsystematic risk approachesA. one.B. infinity.C. zero.D. negative one.E. None of these is correct.42. A well-diversified portfolio is defined asA. one that is diversified over a large enough number of securities that the nonsystematic variance is essentially zero.B. one that contains securities from at least three different industry sectors.C. a portfolio whose factor beta equals 1.0.D. a portfolio that is equally weighted.E. a portfolio that is equally weighted and contains securities from at least three different industry sectors.43. The APT requires a benchmark portfolioA. that is equal to the true market portfolio.B. that contains all securities in proportion to their market values.C. that need not be well-diversified.D. that is well-diversified and lies on the SML.E. that is unobservable.44. Imposing the no-arbitrage condition on a single-factor security market implies which of the following statements?I) the expected return-beta relationship is maintained for all but a small number ofwell-diversified portfolios.II) the expected return-beta relationship is maintained for all well-diversified portfolios.III) the expected return-beta relationship is maintained for all but a small number of individual securities.IV) the expected return-beta relationship is maintained for all individual securities.A. I and III are correct.B. I and IV are correct.C. II and III are correct.D. II and IV are correct.E. Only I is correct.45. Consider a well-diversified portfolio, A, in a two-factor economy. The risk-free rate is 6%, the risk premium on the first factor portfolio is 4% and the risk premium on the second factor portfolio is 3%. If portfolio A has a beta of 1.2 on the first factor and .8 on the second factor, what is its expected return?A. 7.0%B. 8.0%C. 9.2%D. 13.0%E. 13.2%46. The term "arbitrage" refers toA. buying low and selling high.B. short selling high and buying low.C. earning risk-free economic profits.D. negotiating for favorable brokerage fees.E. hedging your portfolio through the use of options.47. To take advantage of an arbitrage opportunity, an investor wouldI) construct a zero investment portfolio that will yield a sure profit.II) construct a zero beta investment portfolio that will yield a sure profit.III) make simultaneous trades in two markets without any net investment.IV) short sell the asset in the low-priced market and buy it in the high-priced market.A. I and IVB. I and IIIC. II and IIID. I, III, and IVE. II, III, and IV48. The factor F in the APT model representsA. firm-specific risk.B. the sensitivity of the firm to that factor.C. a factor that affects all security returns.D. the deviation from its expected value of a factor that affects all security returns.E. a random amount of return attributable to firm events.49. In the APT model, what is the nonsystematic standard deviation of an equally-weighted portfolio that has an average value of σ(e i) equal to 25% and 50 securities?A. 12.5%B. 625%C. 0.5%D. 3.54%E. 14.59%50. In the APT model, what is the nonsystematic standard deviation of an equally-weighted portfolio that has an average value of σ(e i) equal to 20% and 20 securities?A. 12.5%B. 625%C. 4.47%D. 3.54%E. 14.59%51. In the APT model, what is the nonsystematic standard deviation of an equally-weighted portfolio that has an average value of σ(e i) equal to 20% and 40 securities?A. 12.5%B. 625%C. 0.5%D. 3.54%E. 3.16%52. In the APT model, what is the nonsystematic standard deviation of an equally-weighted portfolio that has an average value of σ(e i) equal to 18% and 250 securities?A. 1.14%B. 625%C. 0.5%D. 3.54%E. 3.16%53. Which of the following is true about the security market line (SML) derived from the APT?A. The SML has a downward slope.B. The SML for the APT shows expected return in relation to portfolio standard deviation.C. The SML for the APT has an intercept equal to the expected return on the market portfolio.D. The benchmark portfolio for the SML may be any well-diversified portfolio.E. The SML is not relevant for the APT.54. Which of the following is false about the security market line (SML) derived from the APT?A. The SML has a downward slope.B. The SML for the APT shows expected return in relation to portfolio standard deviation.C. The SML for the APT has an intercept equal to the expected return on the market portfolio.D. The benchmark portfolio for the SML may be any well-diversified portfolio.E. The SML has a downward slope, the SML for the APT shows expected return in relation to portfolio standard deviation, and the SML for the APT has an intercept equal to the expected return on the market portfolio are all false.55. If arbitrage opportunities are to be ruled out, each well-diversified portfolio's expected excess return must beA. inversely proportional to the risk-free rate.B. inversely proportional to its standard deviation.C. proportional to its weight in the market portfolio.D. proportional to its standard deviation.E. proportional to its beta coefficient.56. Suppose you are working with two factor portfolios, Portfolio 1 and Portfolio 2. The portfolios have expected returns of 15% and 6%, respectively. Based on this information, what would be the expected return on well-diversified portfolio A, if A has a beta of 0.80 on the first factor and 0.50 on the second factor? The risk-free rate is 3%.A. 15.2%B. 14.1%C. 13.3%D. 10.7%E. 8.4%57. Which of the following is (are) true regarding the APT?I) The Security Market Line does not apply to the APT.II) More than one factor can be important in determining returns.III) Almost all individual securities satisfy the APT relationship.IV) It doesn't rely on the market portfolio that contains all assets.A. II, III, and IVB. II and IVC. II and IIID. I, II, and IVE. I, II, III, and IV58. In a factor model, the return on a stock in a particular period will be related toA. factor risk.B. non-factor risk.C. standard deviation of returns.D. both factor risk and non-factor risk.E. There is no relationship between factor risk, risk premiums, and returns.59. Which of the following factors did Chen, Roll and Ross not include in their multifactor model?A. Change in industrial productionB. Change in expected inflationC. Change in unanticipated inflationD. Excess return of long-term government bonds over T-billsE. Neither the change in industrial production, change in expected inflation, change in unanticipated inflation, nor excess return of long-term government bonds over T-bills were included in their model.60. Which of the following factors did Chen, Roll and Ross include in their multifactor model?A. Change in industrial wasteB. Change in expected inflationC. Change in unanticipated inflationD. Change in expected inflation and Change in unanticipated inflationE. All of these factors were included in their model61. Which of the following factors were used by Fama and French in their multi-factor model?A. Return on the market index.B. Excess return of small stocks over large stocks.C. Excess return of high book-to-market stocks over low book-to-market stocks.D. All of these factors were included in their model.E. None of these factors were included in their model.62. Consider the single-factor APT. Stocks A and B have expected returns of 12% and 14%, respectively. The risk-free rate of return is 5%. Stock B has a beta of 1.2. If arbitrage opportunities are ruled out, stock A has a beta of __________.A. 0.67B. 0.93C. 1.30D. 1.69E. 1.2763. Consider the one-factor APT. The standard deviation of returns on a well-diversified portfolio is 19%. The standard deviation on the factor portfolio is 12%. The beta of thewell-diversified portfolio is approximately __________.A. 1.58B. 1.13C. 1.25D. 0.76E. 1.4264. Black argues that past risk premiums on firm-characteristic variables, such as those described by Fama and French, are problematic because ________.A. they may result from data snoopingB. they are sources of systematic riskC. they can be explained by security characteristic linesD. they are more appropriate for a single-factor modelE. they are macroeconomic factors65. Multifactor models seek to improve the performance of the single-index model byA. modeling the systematic component of firm returns in greater detail.B. incorporating firm-specific components into the pricing model.C. allowing for multiple economic factors to have differential effects.D. modeling the systematic component of firm returns in greater detail, incorporatingfirm-specific components into the pricing model, and allowing for multiple economic factors to have differential effects.E. none of these statements are true.66. Multifactor models such as the one constructed by Chen, Roll, and Ross, can better describe assets' returns byA. expanding beyond one factor to represent sources of systematic risk.B. using variables that are easier to forecast ex ante.C. calculating beta coefficients by an alternative method.D. using only stocks with relatively stable returns.E. ignoring firm-specific risk.67. Consider the multifactor model APT with three factors. Portfolio A has a beta of 0.8 on factor 1, a beta of 1.1 on factor 2, and a beta of 1.25 on factor 3. The risk premiums on the factor 1, factor 2, and factor 3 are 3%, 5% and 2%, respectively. The risk-free rate of return is 3%. The expected return on portfolio A is __________ if no arbitrage opportunities exist.A. 13.5%B. 13.4%C. 16.5%D. 23.0%E. 11.6%68. Consider the multifactor APT. The risk premiums on the factor 1 and factor 2 portfolios are 6% and 4%, respectively. The risk-free rate of return is 4%. Stock A has an expected return of 16% and a beta on factor 1 of 1.3. Stock A has a beta on factor 2 of ________.A. 1.33B. 1.05C. 1.67D. 2.00E. .9569. Consider a well-diversified portfolio, A, in a two-factor economy. The risk-free rate is 5%, the risk premium on the first factor portfolio is 4% and the risk premium on the second factor portfolio is 6%. If portfolio A has a beta of 0.6 on the first factor and 1.8 on the second factor, what is its expected return?A. 7.0%B. 8.0%C. 18.2%D. 13.0%E. 13.2%70. Consider a single factor APT. Portfolio A has a beta of 2.0 and an expected return of 22%. Portfolio B has a beta of 1.5 and an expected return of 17%. The risk-free rate of return is 4%. If you wanted to take advantage of an arbitrage opportunity, you should take a short position in portfolio __________ and a long position in portfolio _______.A. A; AB. A; BC. B; AD. B; BE. A; the riskless asset71. Consider the single factor APT. Portfolio A has a beta of 0.5 and an expected return of 12%. Portfolio B has a beta of 0.4 and an expected return of 13%. The risk-free rate of return is 5%. If you wanted to take advantage of an arbitrage opportunity, you should take a short position in portfolio _________ and a long position in portfolio _________.A. A; AB. A; BC. B; AD. B; BE. No arbitrage opportunity exists.72. Consider the one-factor APT. The variance of returns on the factor portfolio is 9%. The beta of a well-diversified portfolio on the factor is 1.25. The variance of returns on thewell-diversified portfolio is approximately __________.A. 3.6%B. 6.0%C. 7.3%D. 14.1%E. 9.7%73. Consider the one-factor APT. The variance of returns on the factor portfolio is 11%. The beta of a well-diversified portfolio on the factor is 1.45. The variance of returns on thewell-diversified portfolio is approximately __________.A. 23.1%B. 6.0%C. 7.3%D. 14.1%E. 11.4%74. Consider the one-factor APT. The standard deviation of returns on a well-diversified portfolio is 22%. The standard deviation on the factor portfolio is 14%. The beta of thewell-diversified portfolio is approximately __________.A. 0.80B. 1.13C. 1.25D. 1.57E. 67Short Answer Questions75. Discuss the advantages of arbitrage pricing theory (APT) over the capital asset pricing model (CAPM) relative to diversified portfolios.76. Discuss the advantages of the multifactor APT over the single factor APT and the CAPM. What is one shortcoming of the multifactor APT and how does this shortcoming compare to CAPM implications?77. Discuss arbitrage opportunities in the context of violations of the law of one price.78. Discuss the similarities and the differences between the CAPM and the APT with regard to the following factors: capital market equilibrium, assumptions about risk aversion, risk-return dominance, and the number of investors required to restore equilibrium.79. Security A has a beta of 1.0 and an expected return of 12%. Security B has a beta of 0.75 and an expected return of 11%. The risk-free rate is 6%. Explain the arbitrage opportunity that exists; explain how an investor can take advantage of it. Give specific details about how to form the portfolio, what to buy and what to sell.80. Name three variables that Chen, Roll, and Ross used to measure the impact of macroeconomic factors on security returns. Briefly explain the reasoning behind their model.。

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