托福阅读难句专业翻译四

托福阅读难句精选翻译【PDF版】————————————————————————————————作者：————————————————————————————————日期：2智课网TOEFL备考资料托福阅读难句精选翻译【PDF版】摘要：长难句是托福阅读的大障碍，理解不当对于做题有很大的影响。

因此攻克了长难句，相信大家会轻松不少，下面就为大家分析下如何攻克长难句，我们一起来学习一下。

本文为大家介绍的托福阅读长难句就是在托福阅读备考过程中我们经常会遇到的一些托福阅读的难点句型，正是由于这些托福阅读难点句型的存在使我们的托福阅读成绩很难获得高分，下面我们将这些句型汇总整理给大家，希望对大家的托福阅读考试会有一定的帮助。

1.Wearing masks and costumes, they often impersonated other people, animals, or supernatural beings, and mined the desired effect - success in hunt or battle, the coming rain, the revival of the Sun - as an actor might.戴着面具身着盛装的人们，经常扮演各种其他人物、动物或超自然生灵，并且作为一个扮演者所能做的，就是期盼一个在狩猎或战役中获胜、降雨的来临，阳光的重现的结果。

2.But these factors do not account for the interesting question of how there came to be such a concentration of pregnant ichthyosaurs in a particular place very close to their time of giving birth.但是这些事实不能解释这个令人感兴趣的问题，就是为什么在一个特殊的靠近他们出生的地方如此的集中了这么多怀孕的鱼龙。

句子1In a countercurrent exchange system,the blood vessels carrying cooled blood from the flippers run close enough to the blood vessels carrying warm blood from the body to pick up some heat from the warmer blood vessels;thus,the heat is transferred from the outgoing to the ingoing vessels before it reaches the flipper itself.【难点解析】本句的难点在于复杂的后置定语干扰了阅读，给我们理解句子带来了影响。

在这个句子中就是现在分词短语carrying cooled blood…做了后置定语，造成了主语the blood vessels 和谓语run被分割，后面接着出现了另一个the blood vessels carrying warm blood……，进一步加大了理解难度，让我们一时无法理清句子结构。

找到这种后置定语，划分句子主干的时候直接忽视这种修饰性成分，句子的主要信息就变得非常清晰：In a countercurrent exchange system,the blood vessels carrying cooled blood from the flippers[定语]run close enough to the blood vessels carrying warm blood from the body[定语]to pick up some heat from the warmer blood vessels;thus,the heat is transferred from the outgoing to the ingoing vessels before it reaches the flipper itself.完成了句子主干划分之后，根据汉语的表述顺序，将后置定语往前放，这样整个句子的意思就出来了。

1. Accordingto conventional theory， yawning takes place when people are bored or sleepy andserves the function of increasing alertness by reversing， through deeperbreathing， the drop in blood oxygen levels that are caused by the shallowbreathing that accompanies lack of sleep or boredom.【译文】根据传统的理论，当人们无聊或者困倦的时候，打哈欠会出现。

打哈欠通过深呼吸来逆转血液中氧含量的降低，从而的起到提高警觉的功能。

而血液中氧含量的降低是由浅呼吸导致的，而浅呼吸又伴随着缺觉或无聊。

2. The keyfactor in the success of these countries （along with high literacy， whichcontributed to it） was their ability to adapt to the international division oflabor determined by the earlyindustrializers and to stake out areas ofspecialization in international markets for which they were especially wellsuited.【译文】这些国家成功的关键因素（促成这个因素的是高识字率）是他们有能力适应由早期的工业化国家决定的劳动力国际分工并占领了他们特别适合的国际市场中的专业化领域。

3. In the second case， pollinators（insects， birds） obtain food from the flowering plant， and the plant has itspollen distributed and seeds dispersed much more efficiently than they would beif they were carried by the wind only.【译文】在第二个案例中，传粉者（昆虫和鸟）从开花植物中获取食物，而植物也使得它们的花粉和种子相比于只通过风传播的更加高效。

长难句分析的第四篇进⼊了具体的⾮简单句分类讲解部分。

这⼀部分主要分析⾮简单句中的名词性从句的处理⽅法。

由于已经进⼊了⾮简单句的具体解构环节，基础不好的同学们⼀定要仔细阅读，并在学习后⽤TPO阅读⽂章中的句⼦来进⾏印证。

另外，还是那句话，前三篇学过的内容不要忘记复习呦，尤其第三篇教程与本节内容是息息相关的。

第四章⾮简单句之名词性从句处理详解 主从复合句的分类讲解 ⼀、主语从句 1. 结构识别： 1)关系连词+句⼦+动词 2)It + be动词+形容词/名词短语+关系连词+句⼦ 3)It+不及物动词+that 【例1】That the seas are being over fished has been known for years. 【译⽂】很多年以来⼈们都知道，海洋被过度捕捞了。

【解析】that作为关系连词引导⼀个主语从句作主语，在从句结束的时候出现主句动词。

在翻译的时候采取了被动变主动的⽅法。

【例2】That the plates are moving is not beyond dispute. 【译⽂】⼈们并不都认为板块是移动的。

【解析】that作为关系连词引导⼀个主语从句作主语，在从句结束的时候出现主句系动词is，在翻译的时候采取了被动变主动的⽅法。

【例3】What happened on the GuangMing Ding will be forever etched in Zhangwujis memory. 【译⽂】在光明顶发⽣的⼀切被深深的印到了张⽆忌的记忆中。

【解析】what作为关系代词引导⼀个主语从句，在从句结束的时候出现主句动词will be 【例4】It is generally agreed that a person of high intelligence is one who cangrasp ideas readily，make distinctions，reason logically，and make use of verbal and mathematical symbol in solving problems. 【译⽂】⼈们普遍认为，⾼智商的⼈有这样⼀些特点：理解⼒强，辨别⼒强，逻辑推理能⼒强，并且在解决问题的过程中善于利⽤⽂字和数学符号。

托福阅读考试长难句分析托福阅读长难句分析(1)In order for the structure to achieve the size and strength necessary to meet itspurpose, architecture employs methods of support that, because they are based on physical laws, have changed little since people first discovered them——evenwhile building materials have changed dramatically.(44)大家先自己理解，多想想，先别看解析，看不明白，再看下面的解析。

(In order for the structure) (to achieve the size and strength necessary to meet its purpose), architecture employs methods of support that, (because they are based on physical laws), have changed little since people first discovered them—— (even while building materials have changed dramatically. )老邪分析：一个句子重点在于主干，看懂了主干，就看懂了句子的主要成分。

以下主干为句子中红色部分，括号里均是修饰成分。

修饰一：(In order for the structure)，介词短语修饰二：(to achieve the size and strength necessary to meet its purpose)，非谓语做形容词性修饰structure修饰三：(because they are based on physical laws)，插入语，插入语记得先跳过去，断句别出问题，that和have changed是在一起的。

托福阅读备考之长难句分析：地球上的二氧化碳下面给大家分享托福阅读备考之长难句分析：消失的化石记录的相关内容，希望你们喜欢。

托福阅读备考之长难句分析：地球上的二氧化碳The answer to the first question is that carbon dioxide is still found in abundance on Earth, but now, instead of being in the form of atmospheric carbon dioxide, it is either dissolved in the oceans or chemically bound into carbonate rocks, such as the limestone and marble that formed in the oceans. ( TPO41, 53) abundance /?'b?nd(?)ns/ n. 丰富，充裕atmospheric /?tm?s'fer?k/ adj. 大气的dissolve /d?'z?lv/ v. 溶解limestone /?la?m?st??n/ n. 石灰石marble /'mɑ?b(?)l/ n. 大理石大家自己先读，不回读，看一遍是否能理解The answer to the first question is ( that carbon dioxide is still found in abundance on Earth), but now, (instead of being in the form of atmospheric carbon dioxide), it is either dissolved in the oceans or chemically bound into carbonate rocks, (such as the limestone and marble) (that formed in the oceans.) ( TPO41, 53) 托福阅读长难句分析：这个句子的主干是：The answer to the first question is 从句 , but now, it is either dissolved in the oceans or chemically bound into carbonate rocks 修饰一：(that carbon dioxide is still found in abundance on Earth) ，从句中文：在地球上二氧化碳依然可以大量被找到修饰二：(instead of being in the form of atmospheric carbon dioxide) ，介词短语中文：它不是以大气中的二氧化碳的形式出现修饰三：(such as the limestone and marble that formed in the oceans.) ，介词短语中文：例如在海洋中形成的石灰石和大理石修饰四：(that formed in the oceans.) ，从句中文：在海洋中形成的参考翻译：第一个问题的答案是，在地球上二氧化碳依然可以大量被找到，但是现在，它不是以大气中的二氧化碳的形式出现，它溶解在海洋里或者通过化学作用进入碳酸盐岩中，例如在海洋中形成的石灰石和大理石。

新托福阅读长难句120句（分析+译文）这份托福阅读长难句120句，是已经流传甚久的经典托福复习资料，对每个难句的结构都进行了解析，并给出了翻译。

1. Totally without light and subjected to intense pressures hundreds of times greater than at the Earth’s surface，the deep—ocean bottom is a hostile environment to humans，in some ways as forbidding and remote as the void of outer space. (定语后置in some ways…)由于完全没有光，而且承受着比在地球表面大数百倍的极大压力，深海底部对人类而言是一个充满敌意的环境，在某些方面就像外层空间一样险恶和遥远。

分句1：Totally without light and subjected to intense pressures分句2：hundreds of times greater than at the E arth’s surface分句3：the deep—ocean bottom is a hostile environment to humans分句4：in some ways as forbidding and remote as the void of outer space 分句2修饰分句1结尾的短语intense pressures，分句1是分句3的原因状语分句3是整个长句子的主句分句4是分句3的后置定语，修饰分句3的a hostile environment to humans 整个句子结构是：原因状语+主句+后置定语这是主句前后分别有状语和定语的修饰成分，但是本句其实不是复合句。

句子的核心意思是深海对于人类而言是一个充满敌意的环境。

雅思托福常用单词句型精选（四）1、Because of the space crunch, the Art Museum has become increasingly cautious in considering acquisitions and donations of art, in some cases passing up opportunities to strengthen is collections.中翻译:由于空间不足，艺术博物馆在考虑购买和接受捐赠的艺术品是越来越慎重，有些情况下放弃其进一步改善收藏的机会。

2、Anarchism is a term describing a cluster of doctrines and attitudes whose principal uniting feature is the belief that government is both harmful and unnecessary.中翻译:无政府主义这个词描述的是一堆理论和态度，它们的主要共同点在于相信政府是有害的，没有必要的。

3、Alexander Graham Bell once told his family that he would rather be remembered as a teacher of the deaf than as the inventor of the telephone.中翻译:Alexander Graham Bell 曾告诉家人，他更愿意让后人记住他是聋子的老师，而非电话的发明者。

4、Among almost seven hundred species of bamboo, some are fully grown at less than a foot high, while others can grow three feet in twenty-four hours.中翻译:在竹子的近七百个品种中，有的全长成还不到一英尺，有的却能在二十四小时内长出三英尺。

托福阅读人类学专业学科词汇梳理托福考察的题材广泛，考生假如能够把握肯定的专业学科词汇，对于提高阅读速度和读懂文章都会大有裨益，下面我就和大家共享托福阅读人类学专业学科词汇梳理,盼望能够关心到大家，来观赏一下吧。

托福阅读人类学专业学科词汇梳理1. paleoanthropologist 古人类学家2. ecological anthropologist 生态人类学家3. psychological anthropologist 心理人类学家4. origin 起源If its possible, track the rumour back to its origin. 假如可能，应追查谣言的源头。

5. originate 起源于Many species, for example, originate in small populations. 例如, 不少生物种就起源于一个很小的群体.6. ancestor 祖先.This machine is the ancestor of the modern computer. 这台机器是现代电脑的始祖.7. hominid 人(科)8. homogeneous 同一种族(种类)的Educators try to put pupils of similar abilities into classes becausethey believe that this homogeneous grouping is advisable. 教育学家设法将同学按相近的力量分班,由于他们认为这种按同等水平划分班级的做法是明智的.9. tribe 部落His intercession could be of help to the tribe.他的调解可能会帮上该部落的忙。

10. clan 氏族The Chinese Christians, therefore, practically excommunicate themselves from their own clan. 所以, 中国的简直是被逐出了自己的家族了.11. archeologist 考古学家The archeologist traced the hieroglyphs. 考古学家追踪象形文字.12. excavation 挖掘The excavation of the buried city took a long time. 发掘埋在地下的城市花了很长时间.13. excavate (unearth) 挖掘They plan to excavate a large hole before putting in the foundations. 他们方案打地基前先挖个大洞.14. ruins 遗迹，废墟The Normans built the castle which was reduced to ruins under Cromwell. 诺曼人建筑了这座后来在克伦威尔统治时期变成废墟的城堡。

托福黄金阅读技巧：长难句分析长难句是我们做托福阅读是最怕遇到的，现在小编分享一些长难句分析给大家，希望对你们的学习有帮助。

长难句分析：二战之后的加拿大Basic to any understanding of Canada in the 20 years after the Second World War is the country's impressive population growth.(倒装结构Basic to any understanding…is…)要理解二战之后20年中的加拿大，就必须了解该国惊人的人口增长。

分句1：Basic to any understanding of Canada in the 20 years after the Second World War分句2：is分句3：the country's impressive population growth分句1，2，3共同构成倒装句，正常的语序应该是3，2，1，即：该句的正常语序是The country's impressive population growth is basic to any understanding of Canada in the 20 years after the Second World War.本句是一个简单句，只不过使用了倒装，谓语动词是is.长难句分析：昆虫的数量The fact that half of the known species are thought to inhabit the world's rain forests does not seem surprising，considering the huge numbers of insects that comprise the bulk of the species.(同位语从句fact that…;定语从句that comprise the bulk…)【译句】考虑到组成大部分物种的昆虫的巨大数量，认为半数的已知物种栖息在世界的雨林中这一事实看起来并不令人吃惊。

托福阅读paraphrase题型解题思路技巧实例分析通用4篇托福考试阅读长难句解析篇一Their competition and collaboration werecreating the broadcasting industry in the United States, beginning with theintroduction of commercial radio programming in the early 1920s.记忆单词：competition n.比赛competitor n.参赛者competent adj.有能力的competence n.能力collaboration n.合作collaborate v.合作commercial adj.商业的commodity n.商品理解句子：此句结构清晰，划线部分为分词作状语。

托福阅读paraphrase题型解题思路技巧实例分析篇二托福阅读中的paraphrase问题如何应对？在托福阅读中，还有一类题型经常出现，那就是paraphrase。

这类问题需要大家在给出的选项选择与文章中的长难句意义相近的一句话。

这类问题还是有一定难度的，因为选项中存在一些干扰项。

那么这类问题有哪些解题技巧呢？Strategies to answer this question：1、划分句子主谓宾，充分理解句子意思；2、将句子大意用自己的话复述一遍，简化句子成分；3、看问题选项中有没有跟刚复述的句子意义相似的句子；4、选出正确答案后，看一下其他错误选项。

这些错误选项有的意思跟原文不同，有的漏掉了原文中的重要内容。

找出这些错误，确保万无一失。

Example:大家先来看一个例子：Rather than sell the painting, which is most likely worthmillions of dollars, the Jesuits decided to make it available to the nation of Ireland for viewing. Thus, the painting is on “indefinite loan” to the National Gallery of Ireland. Nevertheless, the painting continues its travels as it features in exhibitions around the world, from the United States to Amsterdam.Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence?a. The National Gallery of Ireland now owns the painting.b. The National Gallery of Ireland bought the painting from the Jesuits.c. The National Gallery of Ireland can display the painting, but the Jesuits still own it.d. The National Gallery of Ireland can display the painting as long as they allow it to travel.想要回答正确，就要准确理解文中indefinite loan的意思。

TOEFL托福阅读长难句分析汇总为了让大家更好的预备托福考试，我给大家整理托福阅读长难句，下面我就和大家共享，来观赏一下吧。

托福阅读长难句1As relative newcomers to the Southwest, a place where their climate, neighbors,and rulers could be equally inhospitable, the Navajo created these art forms to affect the world around them, not just through the recounting of the actions symbolized, but through the beauty and harmony of the artworks themselves. (TPO41, 49)大家自己先读，不回读，看一遍是否能理解(As relative newcomers to the Southwest), (a place) (where their climate, neighbors, and rulers could be equally inhospitable), the Navajo created these art forms to affect the world around them, (not just through the recounting of the actions symbolized, but through the beauty and harmony of the artworks themselves. ) (TPO41, 49)托福阅读长难句100句分析：这个句子的主干局部：the Navajo created these art forms to affect the world around them修饰一：(As relative newcomers to the Southwest)，介词短语中文：作为西南部相对较新的人修饰二：(a place) ，同位语中文：一个地方修饰三：(where their climate, neighbors,and rulers could be equally inhospitable) ，从句中文：在那里气候恶劣、邻居冷漠以及统治者暴政修饰四：(not just through the recounting of the actions symbolized, but through the beauty and harmony of the artworks themselves. )，介词短语留意这里有一个搭配：not just … but …不仅…而且中文：不仅是通过详述这些象征性的行为，而且还通过艺术品本身的美和和谐托福阅读长难句100句参考翻译：作为西南部(在那里气候恶劣、邻居冷漠以及统治者暴政)相对较新的人，纳瓦霍人不仅是通过详述这些象征性的行为，而且还通过艺术品本身的美和和谐，制造了这些艺术形式来影响他们四周的世界。

地下⽔是指渗⼊到地下并将所有岩⽯空隙填满的⽔。

到现在为⽌，⾬⽔是最丰富的地下⽔资源，是地下⽔在⽔循环中的⼀个环节。

普通的⾬⽔会从地表、降⽔以及湖泊河流侵⼊到地下。

在冒出地表之前，这些地下⽔有时会长时间留在地下。

在我们脚下坚实的⼟地中竟然有⾜够的空间储存这些⽔，这在⼀开始会让⼈觉得难以置信。

地下⽔所需的储存空间多种多样。

松散的砂⼦和砾⽯间有许多颗粒和⼩⽯⼦，他们之间的空隙是最常见的储存地下⽔的空间。

由这些颗粒组成的⽔床⾮常普遍，通常位于看不见的⼟壤下⽅，在湍急的河流曾经流过的地⽅都能找到它们的踪迹。

⽐如，冰河时代覆盖北美的巨⼤冰层逐渐融化，⼤量⽔从那⼉流出。

⽔⾥总会携带些⽯⼦、砾⽯和沙⽯，这就是所谓的冰河期的冰⽔沉积，这些颗粒会随着⽔流的减速⽽沉淀。

现代也有冰⽔沉积，尽管规模相对较⼩。

凡是有携带泥沙的河流或者溪流从⼭⾕流⾄相对平坦的地⾯时，砂⽯就随着⽔流速度的减慢逐渐沉淀;⽔流通常呈扇形扩散，它们所携带的砂⽯也会沉淀为光滑的扇形斜⾯。

当河流汇⼊湖泊和海洋的时候也会有沉淀，这些沉淀最初在湖底或海底，但将来海平⾯下降或者陆地崛起时，它们就会分布于内陆，通常厚达⼏千⽶。

低地区域上的任何位置可能就是曾经的河床，后续被⼟壤覆盖⽽变成现在的样⼦。

如果那些河床和沙洲现在位于地下⽔位之下，⼀定会有⼤量的地下⽔浸在它们的沙砾和沙⽯之间。

以上说的都是松散的沉积物，那些坚固的沉积物，也拥有以数万计的⽑细孔来容纳⽔。

因为最初颗粒间的缝隙通常并未完全被粘固的化学物质塞满，⽽且部分颗粒很可能在固化时或固化后被渗⼊的地下⽔溶解;结果这些砂岩最终变得和形成它的散沙⼀样多孔。

因此，不管沉积物是疏松还是坚固，他们中⼀定有空间。

⼤部分结晶体岩⽯都⾮常坚硬，但也有例外，最常见的就是⽞武岩，它是⼀种固化的⽕⼭熔岩，经常充满了微⼩⽓泡，从⽽变得⼗分多孔。

岩⽯的多孔性就是指其中空隙的⽐例。

但需要注意的是，多孔性与渗透性是不同的。

渗透性衡量的是⽔渗透物质的难易程度，它取决于与单个空隙以及连接空隙间裂缝的⼤⼩。

托福阅读长难句句子分析汇总为了帮助大家备考托福。

提高阅读成绩，打有准备的仗，下面小编给大家带来托福阅读长难句句子分析汇总，希望大家喜欢。

托福阅读长难句：湖泊蓄水层的储量原文：Estimates indicate that the aquifer contains enough water to fill Lake Huron, but unfortunately, under the semiarid climatic conditions that presently exist in the region, rates of addition to the aquifer are minimal, amounting to about half a centimeter a year.参考翻译：估计表明：蓄水层包含充足的水去填满Huron湖。

但很不幸，在目前这个地区半干旱气候条件下，蓄水层的补水率很小，总计大约一年50毫米。

词汇讲解：aquifer /'?kw?f?/ n. 含水土层semiarid /?sem(a)?'?r?d/ adj. 半干旱的结构划分：Estimates indicate (that the aquifer contains enough water to fill Lake Huron), but unfortunately, (under the semiarid climatic conditions) (that presently exist in the region), rates of addition to the aquifer are minimal, (amounting to about half a centimeter a year.)解析：修饰一：(under the semiarid climatic conditions)，介词短语，修饰后面红色主干部分中文：在半干旱气候条件下修饰二：(that presently exist in the region)，从句，修饰conditions中文：现在存在于这个地区修饰三：(amounting to about half a centimeter a year. ) ，非谓语动词，修饰前面红色主干中文：总计大约一年50毫米主干：rates ofaddition to the aquifer are minimal中文：蓄水层的补水率很小托福阅读长难句：甘薯的来源考据原文：As Patrick Kirch, an American anthropologist, points out, rather than being brought by rafting South Americans, sweet potatoes might just have easily been brought back by returning Polynesian navigators who could have reached the west coast of South America.翻译：正如美国人类学家Patrick Kirch所指出的，甘薯并不是南美人用筏运来的，而是通过已经去过南美西海岸的玻利尼西亚返航者很方便就带来了。

一、长难句翻译1.“Everyone can play a part in reducing waste, whether by not purchasing more food than necessary in your weekly shopping or by asking restaurants to not include the side dish you won’t eat,” Curtin says.2.They discovered that the upper and lower front teeth of ancient human adults were aligned (对齐), making it hard to produce labiodental, which are formed by touching the lower lip to the upper teeth. Later, our jaws changed to an overbite structure (结构), making it easier to produce such sounds.二、长难句翻译解析1.“Everyone can play a part in reducing waste,whether by not purchasing more food than necessary in your weekly shopping or by asking restaurants to not include the side dish you won’t eat,” Curtin says.所谓概括和具体，实际上就是我们经常谈到的“总分”，是英文的语句、段落和篇章里应用最为频繁的逻辑结构。

这次的语句中涉及的“whether … or …”并列结构，同样属于总分逻辑的实际应用。

托福阅读长难句分析汇总为了让大家更好的准备托福考试，给大家整理托福阅读长难句，下面就和大家分享，来欣赏一下吧。

托福阅读长难句1The new candid photography—unposed pictures that were made when thesubjects were unaware that their pictures were being taken—confirmed thesescientific results, and at the same time, thanks to the radical cropping (trimming) of images that the camera often imposed, suggested new compositionalformats. (TPO22,46)candid photography n. 快拍摄影subject n. 对象radical /r?d?kl/ adj. 根本的，基本的，彻底的crop v. 剪短impose /?mp??z/ v. 将某事物强加於compositional adj. 组成的大家自己先读，不回读，看一遍是否能理解The new candid photography—(unposed pictures) (that were made) (when thesubjects were unaware) (that their pictures were being taken)—confirmedthesescientific results, and (at the same time), (thanks to the radical cropping (trimming) of images)(that the camera often imposed), suggested new compositional formats. (TPO22, 46)托福阅读长难句100句分析：这个句子主干：The new candid photography confirmed these scientific results and suggestednew compositional formats.修饰一：(unposed pictures) ，非谓语动词，修饰The new candid photography中文：没有摆拍的照片修饰二：(that were made) ，从句，修饰unposed pictures中文：被拍修饰三：(when the subjects were unaware) ，从句中文：当对象没有意识到修饰四：(that their pictures were beingtaken)，从句中文：他们正在被拍修饰五：(at the same time) ，介词短语中文：同时修饰六：(thanks to the radical cropping(trimming) of images) ，介词短语中文：由于对于图像彻底的裁剪修饰七：(that the camera often imposed) ，从句中文：相机经常自带有托福阅读长难句100句参考翻译：这种新的快拍摄影——在对象没有意识到他们正在被拍时，没有摆拍的照片——证实了这些科学结果，与此同时，由于相机经常自带对于图像彻底的裁剪，表明了新的构图方式。

托福阅读难句精选翻译（4）在托福阅读文章中经常会有一些句子成分很复杂的难句，这对于基础稍稍差一些的考生来说就是一个非常大的障碍，本系列为大家精选了50个托福阅读难句并进行翻译，大家可以在平时的复习中进行积累。

本文带来的是系列四，以下就来看看吧。

31.Add to this the timidity with which unschooled artisans – originallytrained as stonemasons, carpenters, or cabinetmakers – attacked the medium fromwhich they were to make their images, and one understands more fully thedevelopment of sculpture made in the United States in the late eighteenthcentury.由于未受学校教育的艺术家们的胆却，他们通常被训练成石匠、木匠或家具师，抨击了在媒体中他们以前造就的自我形象和一个理解，这个理解就是雕塑的发展在十八世纪晚期的美国更加完全的发生了。

32.Instead of trying to keep down the body temperature deep inside the body,which would involved the expenditure of water and energy, desert mammals allowtheir temperatures to rise to what would normally be fever height, andtemperatures as high as 46 degrees Celsius have been measured in Grant’s gazelles.除了尽量去保持身体深处的低体温，这将包括支出水和能量，沙漠哺乳动物们允许他们的温度上升到一个通常来说是发烧的温度并且温度高达46摄氏度，这已被在格兰特瞪羚测得。