2 词语翻译法
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毫无疑问，他以为会有热烈的拥抱，满桌的食物，激动的泪水，欢乐的笑声，一段接一段的谈话，一次又一次的拥抱，没完没了。
具体名词表示抽象概念时，名词后增加名词
He allowed the father to be overruled by the judge, and declared his own son guilty.
增加动词
In every Chinese city, we got into the streets, shops, parks, theatres and restaurants.
在中国，我们每到一个城市就遛大街、逛商店、游公园、看演出、吃名菜。
In the evening, after the banquet, the concerts and the table tennis exhibitions, he would work on the drafting of the final communiqué.
一些议员还质问了是否需要一架仅能在一次危机中运送一辆坦克到波斯湾。新型运输机的花费很大。
Sino-British links have multiplied—political, commercial, educational, cultural, defense, science and technology.
增加数词或其他词表示复数
Flowers bloom all over the yard.
朵朵鲜花开满了庭院。
The lion is the king of animals.
狮是百兽之王。
增加量词
英语没有量词，英译汉时，应适当增加量词
数词与可数名词直接连用
有些动词或动作名词
数词与可数名词直接连用
A red sun rose slowly from the calm sea.
不错，我喜欢中国菜。现在很多人喜欢中国菜，这种情况算是有点赶时髦吧。
练习一
Some lawmakers also questioned the need for a costly new cargo airplane capable of delivering only a single tank to thePersian Gulfin a crisis.
不要认真嘛！我只不过和你开个玩笑罢了.
As for me, I didn’t agree from the very beginning.
我呢，从一开始就不赞成。
增加承上启下的词
Yes, I like Chinese food. Lots of people do these days, sort of fashion.
rumor流言蜚语
prosperity繁荣昌盛
careless粗心大意
street gossip街谈巷议
great contributions丰功伟绩
2．运用词的重叠
词的重叠是汉语中常用的一种手段。英译汉时，可适当采用词的重叠，特别是四字重叠词组，使译文生动活泼，通顺达意。
I had been completely honest in my replies, withholding nothing.
上个月生意不太景气
The book is rather slow.
这本书很乏味（不精彩）。
You’d better go slow in reaching a conclusion.你最好不要急于下结论。
He is slow of understanding.
他理解力较差。
He is so slow that I have to explain everything several times.
增加形容词
He doubtlessly expected hugs, tablefuls of food, tears, laughter, and conversation followed by more conversation, then hugs and more hugs all over again, without end.
通货紧缩已经发展到了空前严重的地步。
增加副词
The crowds melted away.
人群渐渐散开了。
As he sat down and began talking, words poured out.
他一坐下来就讲开了，滔滔不绝地讲的没完。
增加名词
He felt the patriot rise within his breast.
I have not been satisfied with my efforts to date and I have been constantly searching for some sort of organized and systematic contribution which I could make to bridging the gaps between the Eastern and Western worlds.
You have a creative edge in business.
你获得创造性地商业优势。
二.增词法翻译
增词法主要用于三种情况：
1.为了语法上的需要（英语名词复数译成汉语时需要使用增词法才能体现原文复数形式）
2.为了表达清晰和自然；
3.为了沟通不同的文化。
1、为了语法上的需要而增词
时态要求
英语动词的时态靠词形变化或加助动词来表达的。汉语靠增加时态助词或一般表示时间的词。“曾”、“已经”、“过了”、“在”、“正在”、“着”、“将”、“要”、“会”、“便”等等。
to launch a satellite发射卫星
to launch a loan发放贷款
翻译时注意平时多积累
Their people have always been available to offer assistance and answer technical questions.
他们的工作人员随时为我们提供支持并解答技术上的问题。
他们开始研究敌情，分析敌情。
He became an oil baron---all by himself.
他成为一个石油大王，---一个白手起家的石油大王。
（二）为了强调重复
为了强调，英语句子中往往重复关键性的词，以使读者留下深刻印象，英译汉时往往可以采用同样的重复手段。
英语原文中有词的重复，译成汉语时可以保持同样的词的重复。
他让法官的职责战胜父子的私情，而判决他儿子有罪。
To
persuade
To prepare
Backward
Tense
Arrogant
Mad
antagonistic来自说服准备落后紧张
自满
疯狂
敌对
He is experienced in handling letters and visits from the masses．
他感到一种爱国热情在胸中激荡。
He is a complicated man—moody, mercurial, with a melancholy streak.
他是一个性格复杂的人—喜怒无常，反复多变，有些犹豫寡欢。
*This typewriter is indeed cheap and fine.
一轮红日从风平浪静的海面冉冉升起。
A stream is winding its way through the valley into the river.
一弯溪水蜿蜒流过山谷，汇合到江里去了。
增加语气词——的、呢、吧、啊、呀等
Don’t take it seriously. I’m just making fun of you.
He wandered about in the chill rain, thinking and thinking, brooding and brooding.
他在凄雨中荡来荡去，想了又想，盘算了盘算。
Blood must atone for blood.
血债要用血来还。
（三）为了生动重复
英语原文没有词的重复，翻译时为了使译文生动，也可以采用各种重复手段。
中英两国在政治、商务、教育、文化、国防和科技方面的联系进一步加强了。
三、重复翻译法
重复也属于增词。翻译和写作应力求简练，尽量省略可有可无的词；有时为了明确、强调或生动，需要将一些关键性的词加以重复。
（一）为了明确重复
（二）为了强调重复
（三）为了生动重复
（一）为了明确重复
They began to study and analyze the situation of the enemy.
If this was a time of triumph for the many, it was a painful period for the few.
多数人兴高采烈之日，却是少数人伤心失意之时。
1、四字结构
gratitude感恩戴德
ingratitude忘恩负义
arrogance骄傲自大
in chaos乌烟瘴气
我对到目前为止所做的努力并不满意，我一直在寻求能够有组织地、系统地写点东西，以弥补东西方世界之间的沟壑。
补充原文因语法省略的词
Better be wise by the defeat of others than by your own.
从别人的失败中吸取教训比从自己的失败中吸取教训更好。
英语崇省略，汉语喜重复。
哦，好个谎话。
To make a long story short.
长话短说。
It is another story.
具体名词表示抽象概念时，名词后增加名词
He allowed the father to be overruled by the judge, and declared his own son guilty.
增加动词
In every Chinese city, we got into the streets, shops, parks, theatres and restaurants.
在中国，我们每到一个城市就遛大街、逛商店、游公园、看演出、吃名菜。
In the evening, after the banquet, the concerts and the table tennis exhibitions, he would work on the drafting of the final communiqué.
一些议员还质问了是否需要一架仅能在一次危机中运送一辆坦克到波斯湾。新型运输机的花费很大。
Sino-British links have multiplied—political, commercial, educational, cultural, defense, science and technology.
增加数词或其他词表示复数
Flowers bloom all over the yard.
朵朵鲜花开满了庭院。
The lion is the king of animals.
狮是百兽之王。
增加量词
英语没有量词，英译汉时，应适当增加量词
数词与可数名词直接连用
有些动词或动作名词
数词与可数名词直接连用
A red sun rose slowly from the calm sea.
不错，我喜欢中国菜。现在很多人喜欢中国菜，这种情况算是有点赶时髦吧。
练习一
Some lawmakers also questioned the need for a costly new cargo airplane capable of delivering only a single tank to thePersian Gulfin a crisis.
不要认真嘛！我只不过和你开个玩笑罢了.
As for me, I didn’t agree from the very beginning.
我呢，从一开始就不赞成。
增加承上启下的词
Yes, I like Chinese food. Lots of people do these days, sort of fashion.
rumor流言蜚语
prosperity繁荣昌盛
careless粗心大意
street gossip街谈巷议
great contributions丰功伟绩
2．运用词的重叠
词的重叠是汉语中常用的一种手段。英译汉时，可适当采用词的重叠，特别是四字重叠词组，使译文生动活泼，通顺达意。
I had been completely honest in my replies, withholding nothing.
上个月生意不太景气
The book is rather slow.
这本书很乏味（不精彩）。
You’d better go slow in reaching a conclusion.你最好不要急于下结论。
He is slow of understanding.
他理解力较差。
He is so slow that I have to explain everything several times.
增加形容词
He doubtlessly expected hugs, tablefuls of food, tears, laughter, and conversation followed by more conversation, then hugs and more hugs all over again, without end.
通货紧缩已经发展到了空前严重的地步。
增加副词
The crowds melted away.
人群渐渐散开了。
As he sat down and began talking, words poured out.
他一坐下来就讲开了，滔滔不绝地讲的没完。
增加名词
He felt the patriot rise within his breast.
I have not been satisfied with my efforts to date and I have been constantly searching for some sort of organized and systematic contribution which I could make to bridging the gaps between the Eastern and Western worlds.
You have a creative edge in business.
你获得创造性地商业优势。
二.增词法翻译
增词法主要用于三种情况：
1.为了语法上的需要（英语名词复数译成汉语时需要使用增词法才能体现原文复数形式）
2.为了表达清晰和自然；
3.为了沟通不同的文化。
1、为了语法上的需要而增词
时态要求
英语动词的时态靠词形变化或加助动词来表达的。汉语靠增加时态助词或一般表示时间的词。“曾”、“已经”、“过了”、“在”、“正在”、“着”、“将”、“要”、“会”、“便”等等。
to launch a satellite发射卫星
to launch a loan发放贷款
翻译时注意平时多积累
Their people have always been available to offer assistance and answer technical questions.
他们的工作人员随时为我们提供支持并解答技术上的问题。
他们开始研究敌情，分析敌情。
He became an oil baron---all by himself.
他成为一个石油大王，---一个白手起家的石油大王。
（二）为了强调重复
为了强调，英语句子中往往重复关键性的词，以使读者留下深刻印象，英译汉时往往可以采用同样的重复手段。
英语原文中有词的重复，译成汉语时可以保持同样的词的重复。
他让法官的职责战胜父子的私情，而判决他儿子有罪。
To
persuade
To prepare
Backward
Tense
Arrogant
Mad
antagonistic来自说服准备落后紧张
自满
疯狂
敌对
He is experienced in handling letters and visits from the masses．
他感到一种爱国热情在胸中激荡。
He is a complicated man—moody, mercurial, with a melancholy streak.
他是一个性格复杂的人—喜怒无常，反复多变，有些犹豫寡欢。
*This typewriter is indeed cheap and fine.
一轮红日从风平浪静的海面冉冉升起。
A stream is winding its way through the valley into the river.
一弯溪水蜿蜒流过山谷，汇合到江里去了。
增加语气词——的、呢、吧、啊、呀等
Don’t take it seriously. I’m just making fun of you.
He wandered about in the chill rain, thinking and thinking, brooding and brooding.
他在凄雨中荡来荡去，想了又想，盘算了盘算。
Blood must atone for blood.
血债要用血来还。
（三）为了生动重复
英语原文没有词的重复，翻译时为了使译文生动，也可以采用各种重复手段。
中英两国在政治、商务、教育、文化、国防和科技方面的联系进一步加强了。
三、重复翻译法
重复也属于增词。翻译和写作应力求简练，尽量省略可有可无的词；有时为了明确、强调或生动，需要将一些关键性的词加以重复。
（一）为了明确重复
（二）为了强调重复
（三）为了生动重复
（一）为了明确重复
They began to study and analyze the situation of the enemy.
If this was a time of triumph for the many, it was a painful period for the few.
多数人兴高采烈之日，却是少数人伤心失意之时。
1、四字结构
gratitude感恩戴德
ingratitude忘恩负义
arrogance骄傲自大
in chaos乌烟瘴气
我对到目前为止所做的努力并不满意，我一直在寻求能够有组织地、系统地写点东西，以弥补东西方世界之间的沟壑。
补充原文因语法省略的词
Better be wise by the defeat of others than by your own.
从别人的失败中吸取教训比从自己的失败中吸取教训更好。
英语崇省略，汉语喜重复。
哦，好个谎话。
To make a long story short.
长话短说。
It is another story.
