8B Unit 1Words:1.past(1).n. 过去. In the past 在过去（用于过去时）Beijing’s past and present(2).adj. 过去的in the past/last few years 在过去的几年里（用于完成时）eg. My hometown has changed a lot in the past few years.(3) Prep. 经过; 比…..晚walk past the post office ；half past five2.present n.(1).现在at present 现在(2).礼物 a present/presents for you3. just adv.刚刚，用于现在完成时Just now 刚才，用于过去时eg. I have just eaten your food.He phoned me just now.4.（1）used to + do 曾经，过去常常做某事否定：didn’t use to = usedn’t to一般疑问句：Did sb use to …?= used sb to…?eg. We used to go to school on foot.We didn’t use to / usedn’t to go to school on foot.Did you use to / used you to go to school on foot?（2）be used to +sth/doing sth 习惯（做）某事eg. The ol d man isn’t used to living in a city.5. northern-north/ eastern-east /southern-south /western-westeg. in north China在中国北方=in the northern part of China.6.marry（1）vt. marry sb 与…结婚，娶了，嫁给eg. John married Mary last week.(2)married 既是marry的过去式，又可做adj已婚的be married 结婚了（表状态）A andB get married / A get married to sb A和B结婚了eg. Are you married?I got married to a teacher last year.7. over(1) prep. 在….期间over the years 在这些年里（完成时）(2) over = more than 超过(3) prep. 在….正上方(4) adj.结束的Our class is over.8. turn ….into…..把…..变成turn part of the town centre into a new parkturn on / turn off/ turn up / turn down / turn around9.pollution n. —pollute vt.①n. 污染air/ water pollution②v. 污染pollute the air/ river/ water10.factory n. —factories. 工厂a steel/ shoe/ toy factory11. waste(1) n.废料，垃圾（不可数）the waste from the steel factoryput the waste into the river(2) v. 浪费waste time/ money on sth/ doing sth在….上浪费时间或金钱eg. Don’t waste time playing games.12.realize —realized①vt意识到realize the problem②vt.实现= come trueeg. My dream comes true. = I realize my dream.13.improve vt/vi改进/善/提高—improved —improvement n. improve the situation / your English / living standard/ your memory 14.way n.路；方法on the way / on sb’s way to sp / No way没门/ by the way/ in this way 用这种方法、in many ways 用许多方法/ in some ways 在某种程度上15.possible adj.—possibly adv. 可能impossible adj. —impossibly adv. 不可能It’s possible / impossible for sb to do stheg. It has become impossible for us to see each other as often as before.16.(1) lonely adj. 孤独寂寞的，含感情色彩，强调内心的孤独感，常做表语和定语(2) alone adj. be alone 独自一个人的，无感情色彩，做表语alone adv. do sth alone = do sth by oneself/ do sth on one’sown 独自做某事eg. The old man lives alone, but he never feels lonely.17.interview —interview er n. 记者(1)n. have an interview with sb 采访某人(2)vt. 采访interview sb采访某人eg. Millie had an interview with Mr Chen yesterday.= Millie interview ed Mr Chen yesterday.18.environment n.环境natural / home environment19.transport n. 交通车辆；交通工具20.condition n. 环境，条件，状况living conditions21.return —returned(1)vi 返回return = come/ go backreturn to sp = come/ go back to sp返回到某地He has just returned from the USA.(2)vt. 归还return sth to sb = give sth back to sb 把…. 还给某人eg. He returned my book to me this morning.st adv.最近，上一次，最后last week/ year/ summer/month23.abroad adv.到（在）国外go abroad 出国travel abroad 出国旅行at home and abroad国内外come back from abroad 从国外回来24.primary adj.小学教育的；初级的at primary school25.keep in touch with sb.和某人保持联系eg. How do you keep in touch with each other?municate vt/vi —communication n.交流，交际communicate with sb = have communication with sb.和某人交流make communication much easier 使交流更容易27.exact adj. —exactly adv.（1）a dj. 确切的the exact time（2）exactly adv. can you tell me the time exactly?28.narrow adj.狭窄的—narrower/estnarrow and dirty roads29.open space n. 开阔的空地large open spaces语法：现在完成时一.含义：①过去发生并且已经完成的动作对现在造成影响或后果如：I have spent all of my money.(现在我没有钱花了)I have just cleaned my hands. 我刚洗过手。
8B Unit 1 Past and present 知识清单一、Comic strip and Welcome to the unit.1.past and present 过去和现在【区别】① (A)in the past在过去（past作名词，此短语用于过去时句型中）(B)in/over/during the past ten years在过去的10年中（past作形容词，此短语用于现在完成时句型中）(C) half past one 一点半（past作介词）②at present = now = at the moment 现在，目前2.I have just eaten it. 我刚把它吃掉了。
【现在完成时】★【区别】①just now刚才（用于过去时中）I bougt a new bike just now.②just 刚才（用于现在完成时中）I have just bought a new bike just now.3.in the bowl 在碗里ed to share food with me 过去常常和我一起分享食物【used to do sth. 过去曾经做某事】ed to be so kind to me 过去常常对我这么友好【be kind/friendly/nice to sb.对某人友好】★【重点】①used to do sth. （过去时）过去经常做某事，曾经做某事。
My father used to be a teacher. = He was a teacher in the past.There used to be a small bridge over the river.= There was a small river over the river in the past.②be used to (doing) sth. 习惯于做某事【此句型中to为介词】I am used to getting up early.③be used to do sth. = be used for doing sth.（被动语态）被用来做某事Wood is used to make paper. =Wood is used for making paper.6.transport at different times 不同时代的交通(工具)7. take turns to talk about it 轮流谈论它①take turns to do sth. 轮流做某事②It’s one’s turn to do sth. 轮到某人做某事③wait for one’s turn to do sth. 等待轮到某人做某事8. I used to go to school by bike. 我过去常骑自行车去上学。
八年级英语知识点整理8B Unit 1 Trees 一、单词1.seed n. /si:d/种子2.tortoise n. /’tɔ:təs/乌龟3.whale n. /weil/鲸4.nut n. /nʌt/坚果5.cotton n. /’kɔtən/棉6.oil n. /ɔil/石油7.interview v./n. /’intəvju:/采访；面试8.magnolia n. /mæɡ'nəʊlɪə/玉兰类的植物二、词组1.nature and environment自然和环境2.plant this seed in the ground把这些种子种到地里3.become a pear tree成为一棵梨树4.an apple seed一颗苹果种子5.read the interview读这个采访6.the living things on the left左边的这些生物7.the average ages on the right右边的这些平均年龄8.the action of making things dirty andunhealthy使东西变脏变的不健康的行为9.air pollution空气污染10.noise pollution噪音污染11.water pollution水污染e from trees来自树13.the best-known trees这些最著名的树14.magnolia trees玉兰树15.be known as被看作为16.the city flowers of Shanghai上海市花17.the pollution fighters污染战士18.natural air conditioners自然空调19.pass information to one another互相传递信息20.collect some facts收集一些事实21.for a class project on pollution为一个有关污染的班级方案22.interview Doctor Ray采访雷博士23.be interested in trees对树感兴趣24.the biggest and oldest living things最大最古老的生物25.what good什么好处26.make streets more beautiful and lessnoisy使街道更漂亮噪音更少27.what else还有什么28.the wood in your pencil你铅笔里的木材29.the rubber on the end of your pencil你的铅笔末端的橡皮30.the paper in your notebook你笔记本里的纸31.the fruit in your bowl你的碗里的水果32.enjoy breathing pure, cool air喜欢呼吸纯净的凉爽的空气33.thank trees for that因为那个感谢树34.take harmful gases from the air从空气中吸收有害的气体35.release oxygen back into the air把氧气释放进空气36.in your class在你班里37.one and a half hectares of trees 1.5公顷的树38.produce enough oxygen生产足够的氧气39.keep your whole class alive and healthyfor a whole year保持你们全班同学健康生活一整年40.cool the air使空气凉爽41.as well as也42.clean the air净化空气43.do the job of 15 air conditionersrunning almost all day做15台空调整天运作的工作量44.know a lot about trees关于树了解很多45.begin to understand them开始理解它们46.for example比如47.attack a tree攻击一棵树48.warn its neighbours警告它的邻居们49.protect themselves by producing achemical通过产生一种化学物质来保护它们自己50.make their leaves taste nasty使它们的叶子很难吃51.join their roots together underground在地下把它们的根连在一起52.pass food and water to each other互相传递食物和水municate with one another互相交流54.be in great danger处于极大的危险之中55.cut down and burn millions of trees砍伐燃烧上百万棵树56.replace hardly any of them几乎不（补种）取代它们57.destroy our best fighters againstpollution毁坏我们最好的反污染战士58.exchange information with跟…交换信息59.something else其它的事情60.something bad or dangerous坏的或危险的事情61.make four mistakes犯四个错误62.protect themselves against insects保护它们自己远离昆虫63.share food and water among themselves在它们自己之间分享食物和水64.be on holiday度假65.belong to属于66.at the moment现在三、知识点1.mouse-mice(pl.) human-humans(pl.)2.pollute(v.)污染pollution(n.)污染3.collect(v.)收集collection(n.)收集；收藏品4.produce(v.)生产product(n.)产品5.fight(v.)-fought-fought打架；战斗fighter(n.)战士fight against sb/sth与…作战 e.g. Trees always help us fight against all kinds of pollution.6.in fact=actually事实上 e.g. In fact, I am not interested in Maths.7.science(n.)科学scientist(n.)科学家8.interest(n.)兴趣interested(adj.)感兴趣的interesting(adj.)有趣的be interested in=be keen on=be fond of+doing sth/n.喜欢；感兴趣9.make…+形容词（比较级）e.g. Trees make the streets more beautiful.make…do sth e.g. Our teacher make us finish the homework in an hour.10.less+adj./adv.(构成比较级)：不如…e.g. Jane’s less beautiful than Susan.=Susan’s more beautiful than Jane.11.else用在特殊疑问词或复合不定代词后面e.g. what else还有什么something else其它的某件事12.suppose +that 从句e.g. Scientists suppose that large dinosaurs lived in swamps .13.breathe(v.)呼吸-breathing(现在分词) breath(n.)呼吸take a deep breath做一次深呼吸14.thank …for n./doing sth 因为…感谢…e.g. Thank you for lending me your notebook.15.gas-gases(复数)16.take…from…从…拿出e.g. When people take trees from the forests, have they thought aout planting more? release..into…把…释放进… e.g. Look, the steel work is releasing black smoke into the air.17.enough+n.: enough money adj./adv.+engouh: big enough18.keep sb/sth +adj…. e.g. We should keep ourselves happy every day.keep sb/sth doing sth e.g. I’m sorry to keep you waiting for so long.19.live (v.) 住；(adj.)直播的life (n.)生命；生活alive (adj.)活着的：keep/be alive living (adj.)活着的+名词：living things生物lively (adj.)活泼的；活跃的 e.g. The young are usually lively and active.20.do the job of 15 air conditioners running almost all day=working21.know/learn/eat a lot(当后面不跟名词时，of也不要)22.begin to do sth=begin doing sth开始做某事begin(v.)开始beginning(n.)开始at the beginning of在…的开始23.for example比如+句子e.g. For example, he always helps others.such as例如+名词（短语）e.g. I like delicious food such as ice cream, chocolate and sweets.24.as well as也；还（连接两个并列的成分,放在句中）as well 也（用在句末）e.g. She is clever as well as beautiful. He as well as his sisters, is going to Canada.25.nature(n.)自然natural(adj.)自然的26.air-conditioned(adj.)有空调设备的air-conditioner(n.)空调27.warn(v.)警告warning(n.)警告warn sb (not) to do sth警告某人（不）做某事28.protect(v.)保护protection (n.)保护protect…by doing sth通过做某事保护…e.g. The parent wanted to protect their children by locking them in the house.29.chemical(n.)化学物质(adj.)化学的chemistry(n.)化学municate(v.)沟通communication(n.)沟通communicate sth with sb跟某人沟通某事31.one another(两者之间)=each other（三者或以上）互相32.main(adj.)主要的mainly(adv.)主要地33.change(v./n.)改变changeable(adj.)多变的exchange(v.)交换34.hard(adv.)程度厉害: work hard (adj.)困难的=difficult hardly(adv.)几乎不35.pass…to …把…传递… e.g. Please pass the paper to me.36.danger(n.)危险:be in danger处于危险之中dangerous(adj.)危险的：be dangerous是危险的四、Grammar1.现在进行时：表示现在正在进行的动作结构：is/am/are+doing2.出现下列时间状语(标志词)用现在进行时now=at present=at the moment; look、listen; 句首是几点钟e.g. It’s six o’clock. My mother is cooking breakfast.Look! A train is coming.3.现在分词的构成(1)直接加ing：teach-teaching(2)去掉结尾不发音的e，再加ing：live-living(3)重读闭音节结尾的，双写尾字母，再加ing：put-putting(4)ie结尾的,把ie变成y，再加ing：lie-lying, die-dying,tie-tying4.没有进行时态的动词(1)表示感官类的：see, hear, find, notice…(2)表示感情，心理类的：like, live, know, want, hope, hate, think, believe…(3)表示拥有：have/has(4)表示状态的be：He is at home.五、作文The importance of trees树的重要性As we all know, trees are our good friends and they are very important to us. On one hand, many useful things come from trees, such as paper, wood, rubber and nuts. On the other hand, trees are natural air conditioners. They can cool the air and produce pure, clean oxygen. Therefore, we must protect trees. We must plant more trees and we shouldn’t cut down too many trees.。
