翻译中四字格的使用.ppt
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历年中高口译考试笔试阶段的汉译英部分都会出现四字格的翻译,看到四字格有“如临大敌”的感觉,很多同学束手无策,更有很多考生“缴械投降”。
其实不然,汉语中出现的四字格,很多只是为了读起来上口,并没有太深的寓意,我们要做的是抓住四字格要表达的意思,有准确无误的英文表达出来即可,不必追求“精雕细琢”。
考前希望考生们还是把下面的四字格过一遍,做好量的积累。
考场上碰到意思相近的四字格时尽量套用。
(一)并列关系这种四字结构,前后两个词语属于并列关系,我们只要能够将前后两个词语分别译成相应的英语译文,中间用并列连词“and”连接即可。
名山大川famous mountains and great rivers名胜古迹scenic spots and historical sites湖光山色landscape of lakes and hills青山绿水green hills and clear waters奇松怪石strangely-shaped pines and grotesque rock formations平等互利equality and mutual benefit扬长避短play up strengths and avoid weaknesses反腐倡廉fight corruption and build a clean government简政放权streamline administration and institute decentralization集思广益draw on collective wisdom and absorb all useful ideas国泰民安the country flourish and the people live in peace and harmony政通人和the government functions well and people cooperate well国计民生national welfare and the people’s livelihood辞旧迎新bid farewell to the old year and usher in the new徇私舞弊bend the law for personal gain and engage in fraud流连忘返linger on with no thought of leaving for home国际局势复杂多变the complex and volatile international situation开拓进取blaze new trails and forge ahead求同存异seek common ground while shelving differences(二)语意重复这种四字结构前后两个词语的语意是一样的,如果前后两个词语都翻译就构成语意重复。
四字格在英译汉中的运用作者:乔莉萍来源:《新丝路杂志(下旬)》2018年第02期四字格历史源远流长,从最早的《诗经》到汉魏六朝赋,历代诗文中都有四字格。
四字格是汉语特有的一种词汇形式。
四字格的运用增添了诗情画意,或清新隽永,或大气回肠,造就了千古绝唱。
如《岳阳楼记》中“若夫淫雨霏霏,连月不开,阴风怒号,浊浪排空;日星隐曜,山岳潜形;商旅不行,樯倾楫摧;薄暮冥冥,虎啸猿啼。
登斯楼也,则有去国怀乡,忧谗畏讥,满目萧然,感极而悲者矣。
”英译汉的过程中,译者如果能发挥汉语优势,恰当地运用四字格,汉语译文将会朗朗上口,韵律感强。
一、四字格的特征本文探讨的四字格范围较广,包含四字成语和普通四字词组。
这些词语具有节奏美、形式美和意象美的三大特征。
[1]首先,现代汉语双音节词占优势。
正如《文心雕龙》中所说的“偶语易安,奇字难适”。
[2]四字格一般由成双的相似词,同义词或反义词组成,音节和音义的协调搭配,获得铿锵悦耳的节奏美,如:小心谨慎,目瞪口呆,出生入死,厚此薄彼......其次,四字格前后对应的结构形成均衡整齐的形式美,如:无影无踪,一塌糊涂,惊心动魄......再次,四字格浓缩的形式展现无比丰富的内容,具有意象美的特点,如火树银花,花容月貌,沉鱼落雁,沧海桑田,秋水伊人......由于四字格這些独特的优势,中国文人说话写作时都会使用四字格来增加文采,更好地表达自己的情感。
译者亦是如此,经常会在翻译时下意识地使用四字格。
由此引来四字格在英译汉中的是与非。
二、四字格的巧妙运用一般情况下,译者情不自禁地使用四字格在汉语译文中。
在散文中,尤其是四字格的连用,使得译文读来悦耳动听,很有文学意境。
例1: Where he faced us again, he was huge and handsome and conceited and cruel.再次面对我们时,他已变得身材魁梧、相貌英俊、心高气傲、冷酷无情。
例2: The morning of June 27th was clear and sunny, with the fresh warmth of a ful-summer day; the flowers were blossoming profusely and the grass was richly green.6月27日上午,天气晴朗,阳光明媚,鲜花盛开,绿草如茵,充满了盛夏之日的清新和温暖。
第三章汉语四字格的翻译Someda y.有朝一日bargai n .讨价还价hate to see sb. go .恋恋不舍sweetin comple te rangeof articl es .品种齐全with variou s patterns . 款式繁多fine workma nship . 工艺精湛specia l econom i c zone . 经济特区retail price .零售价格No Parkin g . 禁止停车Staff Only . 闲人莫入房屋出租. For Rent失物招领.Lost and foundKeep In Dark Place . 避光保存一,解释:汉语中四字结构的翻译在很多时候,令人非常的头疼棘手,很多国人,要么会误认为这些都属于成语,要么总想在英语中找一个形式与之对应的翻译来处理,其实不然,汉语中出现的四字格,很多只是为了读起来上口,对仗,并没有太深的寓意。
我们在很多情况下可以将四字格前后两个词语分开来处理,首先判断该结构属于什么词类,然后再分析前后两个词语间的逻辑关系,用相应的单词或者表达处理即可。
请看下面的例子:(一)并列关系:这种四字结构,前后两个词语属于并列关系,我们只要能够将前后两个词语分别译成相应的英语译文,中间用并列连词“and”连接即可。
青山绿水greenhillsand clear waters集思广益draw on collective wi sdom and absorb all useful ideas求同存异seek common ground whileshelvi ng differences(二)语意重复:这种四字结构前后两个词语的语意是一样的,如果前后两个词语都翻译就构成语意重复了。
四字格的翻译(0303-0703)注:1. 这里只给出四字格脱离语境的翻译,放在上下文中一定根据句子要求进行调整。
2. 意义重复的四字格可只需译出一处。
预防为主0703高prevention first综合治理0703高comprehensive control/management全面推进0703高entire/all-round push-on重点突破0703高breakthrough at key points亲仁善邻0609高cordiality, benevolence and good neighborliness和睦相处0609高living in harmony with others强不凌弱0609高The strong should not oppress the weak and the rich should not bully the poor.协和万邦0609高All nations live side by side in perfect harmony.有容乃大One should be as inclusive as the ocean, which is vast because it admits hundreds of rivers. 兼收并蓄0609高embrace everything that is useful光阴似箭0603高Time flies like an arrow. /How time files!有诺必践Commitment should always be kept.一如既往0603高unswervingly和衷共济0509高solidarity; fighting together with one accord亡国灭种0509高extinction; being conquered and destroyed万众一心0509高pull together; join hands; make joint efforts; be united as one浩然气概0509高noble spirit不屈节操0509高unyielding moral principle赴汤蹈火0509高go through fire and water殊死奋战0509高fight desperately; fight to death可歌可泣0509高moved one to songs and tears英勇卓绝0509高heroic and splendid插科打诨0503高comic parts精微深奥0503高profound and abstruse博大精深0403高extensive and profound源远流长0403高run a long history天下为公0403高The world belongs to all the people.匹夫有责Every man has a duty to his country.吃苦耐劳0403高hard work and enduring hardship勤俭持家0403高run the household industriously and frugally尊师重教0403高respect teachers and attach importance to education 当务之急0309高urgent; imminent不谋而合0303高coincide with莘莘学子0609中students青春洋溢0609中young书香浓郁0609中academic/cultural atmosphere充满活力dynamic; vigorous多姿多彩0603中colorful色彩斑斓0603中同“多姿多彩”日新月异0603中change with each passing day光芒四射0603中shining; brilliant鲜艳夺目0603中同“光芒四射”安居乐业0603中live and work happily and peacefully万里尚为邻 Distance can never separate real friends.携手前进0509中join hands名列前茅0503中rank top补充形容词性举足轻重decisive, vital, significant光辉灿烂glorious and magnificent不可磨灭indelible无边无际boundless广袤富饶vast and fertile宏伟挺拔towering magnificence金壁辉煌splendid and magnificent玲珑剔透exquisitely carved/made/wrought蔚为壮观splendid; spectacular庄严肃穆solemn不屈不挠unyielding, unrelenting, dauntless动词性此起彼伏rise one after another, keep cropping up繁衍生息live and multiply/reproduce改朝换代changes of dynasties穷兵黩武wantonly engage in military aggression; use all one’s armed might to indulge in wars of aggression雅俗共赏appeal to both refined and popular tastes与日俱增increase with each passing day, be steadily on the increase极目远眺look as far as the eye can see按资排辈to assign priority according to seniority求同存异seeking common ground while putting aside differences流连忘返linger on; be too delighted to leave乐不思蜀too delighted to be homesick不宣而战start an undeclared war尽收眼底hold a panoramic view扬长避短play up strengths and avoid weaknesses反腐倡廉fight corruption and build a clean government集思广益draw on collective wisdom and absorb all useful ideas辞旧迎新bid farewell to the old year and usher in the new开拓进取blaze new trails and forge ahead求同存异seek common ground while shelving differences延年益寿prolong one’s life审时度势size up the trend of events招商引资attract investment急功近利eager for instant success and quick profits扫黑扫黄crack down on gangland and pornography减员增效downsize(and cut payroll) to improve efficiency退耕还林return cultivated land to forest or pasture互利互补mutually complementary and beneficial集资办学raise money to set up new schools寓教于乐teach through lively activities因材施教teach students according to their aptitude按劳分配distribution according to performance廉洁奉公honestly perform. one’s official duties呕心沥血spare no efforts画龙点睛bring out the crucial point名词性:绿水青山green hills and clear waters墨客骚人men of letters奇花异草exotic flowers and herbs鱼米之乡 a land of milk and honey奇峰异石picturesque peaks and rocks浓妆淡抹heavy or light makeup轩然大波 a great disturbance, a mighty uproar凤毛麟角rarity of rarities层峦叠嶂range upon range of mountains; the hills rise around…崇山峻岭steep mountains雕梁画栋carved beams and painted pillars名山大川famous mountains and great rivers湖光山色landscape of lakes and hills青山绿水green hills and clear waters名胜古迹scenic spots and historical sites平等互利equality and mutual benefit国计民生national welfare and the people’s livelihood灵丹妙药panacea/miraculous cure中流砥柱mainstay, chief cornerstone世外桃源 a haven of peace长治久安 a long period of stability按劳分配distribution according to one’s performance。