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化合物的英文命名（Nomenclature of compounds）I 无机物的命名(Inorganic compounds)1 元素与单质的命名“元素”和“单质”的英文意思都是“element”，有时为了区别，在强调“单质”时可用“free element”。
因此，单质的英文名称与元素的英文名称是一样的。
下面给出的既是元素的名称，同时又是单质的名称。
S-block ElementIA IIAH Hydrogen Be BerylliumLi Lithium Mg MagnesiumNa Sodium Ca CalciumK Potassium Sr StrontiumRb Rubidium Ba BariumCs CesiumFr Francium Ra RadiumP-block ElementIIIA IV A V AB BoronC Carbon N NitrogenAl Aluminium Si Silicon P PhosphorusGa Gallium Ge Germanium As ArsenicIn Indium Sn Tin Sb AntimonyTl Thallium Pb Lead Bi BismuthVIA VIIA 0He Helium O Oxygen F Fluorine Ne NeonS Sulfur Cl Chlorine Ar ArgonSe Selenium Br Bromine Kr KryptonTe Tellurium I Iodine Xe XenonPo Polonium At Astatine Rn Radon Common Transition ElememtFe : iron Mn : manganeseCu: copper Zn: zincHg: mercury Ag: silverAu: gold2化合物的命名化合物的命名顺序都是根据化学式从左往右读，这与中文读法顺序是相反的。
化学物质的英文命名法
甲烷methane乙烷ethane丙烷propane 丁烷butane戊烷pentane己烷hexane 庚烷heptane辛烷octane
烷烃-ane 烯烃-ene 环烃-cyclo- 甲基methyl 乙基ethyl 二甲基dimethyl 二乙基diethyl 三。
tri- 氯chrolo 溴bromo 碘iodo 顺cis- 反trans-
二氯二甲基丙烷2-Chrolo-2-methylpropane 一溴一甲基环己烷1-Bromo-1-methylcyclohexane summary:首个字母大写，基团按字母表顺序，首字母在前的先写。
若有两个或三个重复的，di-,tri-不参与排列。
次序：bromo,chrolo,ethyl,methyl
一氯环己烯1－Methylcyclohexene 顺1，2二溴环戊烷trans-1,2-Dibromocyclopentane summary:cis-,trans-不为官能团，不用遵循首个字母大写。
异丁烯2-Methylpropene (普通命名Iso butyl ene) 二甲基一，三丁二烯2-Methyl-1,3-butadiene (普通命名Iso pr ene) 2，2－二甲基－3－乙基－3－庚烯3-Ethyl-2,2-dimethyl-3-heptene。
Nomenclature of Inorganic Compounds无机化合物的命名（Prefix词头,前缀Suffix词尾,后缀Stem词根）1.Trivial Names俗名H2O water不说dihydrogen oxideNH3 ammonia不说nitrogen trihydrideCaO quicklimeCaCO3 limestone2.Systematic Nomenclature系统命名1)Oxide氧化物——先命名非氧元素ZnOzinc oxideCaO calcium oxideCO carbon oxideNa2O2 sodium peroxideH2O2hydrogen peroxide 注：peroxide过氧化物2)Hydroxide氢氧化物（base碱）Ba(OH)2 barium hydroxideKOH potassium hydroxide3)Acid酸Hydro acid氢酸General formula通式:HnX 命名：hydro- + stem of X + -ic acid H2S hydrosulfuric acid(英) hydrosulphuric(美) 氢硫酸S:sulfur(英)、sulphur(美) HBr 氢溴酸hydrobromic acidBr: bromine HCl 氢氯酸(盐酸)hydrochloric acidCl: chlorine HF 氢氟酸hydrofluoric acidF: fluorineOxoacid or Oxyacid含氧酸General formula通式:HnXOm 命名：Stem of X + -ic acid 注：oxo-(oxy-) 含氧, 氧代H2SO4 sulfuric acid(英) sulphuric acid(美)H2CO3 carbonic acidH3PO4 phosphoric acid P: phosphorus H3BO3 boric acid B: boron HNO3 nitric acid N: nitrogenIf X has two oxidation states：-ic：the higher oxidation state-ous：the lower oxidation stateH2SO4 sulfuric acidH2SO3 sulfurous acid1/5HNO3 nitric acidHNO2 nitrous acidIf X (such as halogens) has more than two oxidation states：halogen卤素per- (过，高) + -ic：the still higher oxidation statehypo- (次,在?下) + -ous：the still lower oxidation stateHClO3 chloric acidHClO2 chlorous acidHClO4 perchloric acidHClO hypochlorous acidHIO hypoiodous acid4)Salt盐General formula通式:MnXm 命名：Name of M stem of X + -ide（-ide?化物）Oxide、chloride、nitride、hydrideKI potassium iodideAl2S3 aluminum sulfideLiH lithium hydrideOxysalt含氧酸盐Name the metal ion first and then the anionNaming anions:-ate anions derived from the -ic acid(the higher oxidation state of X)-ite anions derived from the -ous acid (the lower oxidation state of X)HNO3 nitric acidNaNO3 sodium nitrateHNO2 nitrous acidNaNO2 sodium nitriteSO42- sulfateSO32- sulfiteAgClO4 silver perchlorateNaIO3 sodium iodateKClO2 potassium chloriteKBrO potassium hypobromiteMnO42- manganateMnO4- permanganateAcid salt 酸式盐Using “hydrogen”to specify “H”NaHSO4 sodium hydrogen sulfateNaH2PO4 sodium dihydrogen phosphateNa2HPO4 disodium hydrogen phosphate P: phosphorus phosphate磷酸盐(根) Using prefix bi- + name of anion if only one acid salt existsNaHSO4 sodium bisulfateNaHSO3 sodium bisulfiteKHCO3 potassium bicarbonate5)Metals（M）with more than one oxidation state2/5Two methods:①后缀法: 早期使用stem of M + -ic the higher oxidation state of Mstem of M + -ous the lower oxidation state of MHgI2 mercuric iodideHg2I2 mercurous iodide Hg:mercury Cr2+ chromousCr3+ chromic Cr: chromium注：In most cases, Latin stem is used if the metal has symbol derived from itsLatin name.(mercury is an exception))英),copper (拉丁Cu:cuprum (Cu+ cuprousCu2+ cupricCuI cuprous iodideCuS cupric sulfideSn:stannum (拉丁), tin (英)SnCl2 stannous chlorideSnO2 stannic oxideFe:ferrum (拉丁), iron (英)Fe(OH)2 ferrous hydroxideFeBr3 ferric bromide②IUPAC Rule 1957年开始使用English name of metal(Roman numeral)CuBr copper(I) bromideCuF2 copper(II) fluorideSnO tin(II) oxideSnS2 tin(IV) sulfideFe(NO3)2 iron(II) nitrateFe2(SO4)3 iron(III) sulfateUse Greek prefixes希腊文前缀Mon（o）一di二tri三tetr（a）四pent（a）五hex（a）六hepta七octa八nona九1．to specify the number of each atom in the chemical formula.NO2 nitrogen dioxidePCl5 phosphorus pentachlorideCO2 carbon dioxide2．to specify the number of identical central atoms in condensed acids and their corresponding anions.condensed acid缩酸H3PO4 (mono)phosphoric acidH4P2O7 diphosphoric acid3/5H2SO4 sulfuric acidH2S3O10 trisulfuric acidCrO42-铬酸盐(根) chromateCr2O72-重铬酸盐(根)dichromate3. to indicate extent of substitutionPO43- phosphatePS2O23- dithiophosphate thio-硫代?,硫的,含硫的注：The prefixes ortho- and meta- have been used to distinguish acids differingin the “content of water.”ortho- [希腊词头] 正、原（无机酸用）邻（位）（有机化合物命名）meta- [希腊词头] 偏（无机酸用）间（位）（有机化合物命名）ortho-acid 原酸；meta-acid 偏酸H3BO3 orthoboric acid(or boric acid)（原）硼酸偏硼酸(HBO3)n metaboric acidH4SiO4 orthosilicic acid(or silicic acid)原硅酸H2SiO3 metasilicic acid 硅酸（习惯上不叫偏硅酸）H3PO4 orthophosphoric acid (or phosphoric acid)（正）磷酸偏磷酸(HPO3)n metaphosphoric acid。
Nomenclature of Inorganic Compounds无机化合物的命名（Prefix词头,前缀Suffix词尾,后缀Stem词根）1.Trivial Names俗名H2O water不说dihydrogen oxideNH3 ammonia不说nitrogen trihydrideCaO quicklimeCaCO3 limestone2.Systematic Nomenclature系统命名1)Oxide氧化物——先命名非氧元素ZnOzinc oxideCaO calcium oxideCO carbon oxideNa2O2 sodium peroxideH2O2hydrogen peroxide 注：peroxide过氧化物2)Hydroxide氢氧化物（base碱）Ba(OH)2 barium hydroxideKOH potassium hydroxide3)Acid酸Hydro acid氢酸General formula通式:HnX 命名：hydro- + stem of X + -ic acid H2S hydrosulfuric acid(英) hydrosulphuric(美) 氢硫酸S:sulfur(英)、sulphur(美) HBr 氢溴酸hydrobromic acidBr: bromine HCl 氢氯酸(盐酸)hydrochloric acidCl: chlorine HF 氢氟酸hydrofluoric acidF: fluorineOxoacid or Oxyacid含氧酸General formula通式:HnXOm 命名：Stem of X + -ic acid 注：oxo- (oxy-) 含氧, 氧代H2SO4 sulfuric acid(英) sulphuric acid(美)H2CO3 carbonic acidH3PO4 phosphoric acid P: phosphorus H3BO3 boric acid B: boron HNO3 nitric acid N: nitrogen If X has two oxidation states：-ic：the higher oxidation state-ous：the lower oxidation stateH2SO4 sulfuric acidH2SO3 sulfurous acid1/5HNO3 nitric acidHNO2 nitrous acidIf X (such as halogens) has more than two oxidation states：halogen卤素per- (过，高) + -ic：the still higher oxidation statehypo- (次,在…下) + -ous：the still lower oxidation stateHClO3 chloric acidHClO2 chlorous acidHClO4 perchloric acidHClO hypochlorous acidHIO hypoiodous acid4)Salt盐General formula通式:MnXm 命名：Name of M stem of X + -ide（-ide…化物）Oxide、chloride、nitride、hydrideKI potassium iodideAl2S3 aluminum sulfideLiH lithium hydrideOxysalt含氧酸盐Name the metal ion first and then the anionNaming anions:-ate anions derived from the -ic acid(the higher oxidation state of X)-ite anions derived from the -ous acid (the lower oxidation state of X)HNO3 nitric acidNaNO3 sodium nitrateHNO2 nitrous acidNaNO2 sodium nitriteSO42- sulfateSO32- sulfiteAgClO4 silver perchlorateNaIO3 sodium iodateKClO2 potassium chloriteKBrO potassium hypobromiteMnO42- manganateMnO4- permanganateAcid salt 酸式盐Using “hydrogen” to specify “H”NaHSO4 sodium hydrogen sulfateNaH2PO4 sodium dihydrogen phosphateNa2HPO4 disodium hydrogen phosphate P: phosphorus phosphate磷酸盐(根) Using prefix bi- + name of anion if only one acid salt existsNaHSO4 sodium bisulfateNaHSO3 sodium bisulfiteKHCO3 potassium bicarbonate5)Metals（M）with more than one oxidation state2/5Two methods:①后缀法: 早期使用stem of M + -ic the higher oxidation state of Mstem of M + -ous the lower oxidation state of MHgI2 mercuric iodideHg2I2 mercurous iodide Hg:mercury Cr2+ chromousCr3+ chromic Cr: chromium注：In most cases, Latin stem is used if the metal has symbol derived from itsLatin name.(mercury is an exception)Cu:cuprum (拉丁),copper (英)Cu+ cuprousCu2+ cupricCuI cuprous iodideCuS cupric sulfideSn:stannum (拉丁), tin (英)SnCl2 stannous chlorideSnO2 stannic oxideFe:ferrum (拉丁), iron (英)Fe(OH)2 ferrous hydroxideFeBr3 ferric bromide②IUPAC Rule 1957年开始使用English name of metal(Roman numeral)CuBr copper(I) bromideCuF2 copper(II) fluorideSnO tin(II) oxideSnS2 tin(IV) sulfideFe(NO3)2 iron(II) nitrateFe2(SO4)3 iron(III) sulfateUse Greek prefixes希腊文前缀Mon（o）一di二tri三tetr（a）四pent（a）五hex（a）六hepta七octa八nona九1．to specify the number of each atom in the chemical formula.NO2 nitrogen dioxidePCl5 phosphorus pentachlorideCO2 carbon dioxide2．to specify the number of identical central atoms in condensed acids and their corresponding anions.condensed acid缩酸H3PO4 (mono)phosphoric acidH4P2O7 diphosphoric acid3/5H2SO4 sulfuric acidH2S3O10 trisulfuric acidCrO42- 铬酸盐(根) chromateCr2O72- 重铬酸盐(根)dichromate3. to indicate extent of substitutionPO43- phosphatePS2O23- dithiophosphate thio-硫代…,硫的,含硫的注：The prefixes ortho- and meta- have been used to distinguish acids differingin the “content of water.”ortho- [希腊词头] 正、原（无机酸用）邻（位）（有机化合物命名）meta- [希腊词头] 偏（无机酸用）间（位）（有机化合物命名）ortho-acid 原酸；meta-acid 偏酸H3BO3 orthoboric acid(or boric acid)（原）硼酸(HBO3)n metaboric acid偏硼酸H4SiO4 orthosilicic acid(or silicic acid)原硅酸H2SiO3 metasilicic acid 硅酸（习惯上不叫偏硅酸）H3PO4 orthophosphoric acid (or phosphoric acid)（正）磷酸(HPO3)n metaphosphoric acid 偏磷酸。
常见化合物命名H hydrogen ［ˈhaidrəd ʒən］He helium ［’hi:liəm］Li lithium ［'liθiəmBe beryllium ［be’rili əm]B boron ［'bɔ：rɔn]C carbon ［ˈkɑ:bən］N nitrogen ［ˈnaitrəd ʒən］O oxygen [ˈɔksidʒən］F fluorine ［’fluəri:n］Ne neon [ˈni：ɔn ˈni:ən]Na sodium ［'səudiəm］Mg magnesium ［mægˈni:ziəm]Al aluminum [ˈæljuˈminiəm，ˈæləˈminiəm］Si silicon ［ˈsilikən] P phosphorus ［'fɔsfər əs]S sulfur ［［’sʌlfə]Cl chlorine ［'klɔ：ri:n]Ar argon ［’ɑ:gɔn]Ca calcium ［ˈkælsiəm］Rb rubidium [ru:’bidiəm］K potassium ［pə’tæsi əm]Br bromine ［’brəumi：n］I iodine [ˈaiədi：n］Ba barium ［'bɛəriəm其他常有元素Fe ： iron ［'aiən］Mn : manganese [ˈmæŋgə’ni：z］Cu: copper ［ˈkɔpə］拉丁语： Cuprum Zn： zinc ［ziŋk］Hg: mercury ［ˈmə:kjuri］来源于古希腊人对它的称呼hydor argyros （水银)Ag: silver [ˈsilvə] 拉丁名Argentum 即来自希腊文argyros （明亮) ，元素符号Ag ,与英文名silver 毫不相干;Au: gold [gəuld] 金的拉丁名Aurum 来自希腊文aurora （灿烂) ,元素符号Au ,与英文名gold 也无关系。
