最新简单的化学物质的英文命名法
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化合物的英文命名(Nomenclature of compounds)I 无机物的命名(Inorganic compounds)1 元素与单质的命名“元素”和“单质”的英文意思都是“element”,有时为了区别,在强调“单质”时可用“free element”。
因此,单质的英文名称与元素的英文名称是一样的。
下面给出的既是元素的名称,同时又是单质的名称。
S-block ElementIA IIAH Hydrogen Be BerylliumLi Lithium Mg MagnesiumNa Sodium Ca CalciumK Potassium Sr StrontiumRb Rubidium Ba BariumCs CesiumFr Francium Ra RadiumP-block ElementIIIA IV A V AB BoronC Carbon N NitrogenAl Aluminium Si Silicon P PhosphorusGa Gallium Ge Germanium As ArsenicIn Indium Sn Tin Sb AntimonyTl Thallium Pb Lead Bi BismuthVIA VIIA 0He Helium O Oxygen F Fluorine Ne NeonS Sulfur Cl Chlorine Ar ArgonSe Selenium Br Bromine Kr KryptonTe Tellurium I Iodine Xe XenonPo Polonium At Astatine Rn Radon Common Transition ElememtFe : iron Mn : manganeseCu: copper Zn: zincHg: mercury Ag: silverAu: gold2化合物的命名化合物的命名顺序都是根据化学式从左往右读,这与中文读法顺序是相反的。
化学物质的英文命名法
甲烷methane乙烷ethane丙烷propane 丁烷butane戊烷pentane己烷hexane 庚烷heptane辛烷octane
烷烃-ane 烯烃-ene 环烃-cyclo- 甲基methyl 乙基ethyl 二甲基dimethyl 二乙基diethyl 三。
tri- 氯chrolo 溴bromo 碘iodo 顺cis- 反trans-
二氯二甲基丙烷2-Chrolo-2-methylpropane 一溴一甲基环己烷1-Bromo-1-methylcyclohexane summary:首个字母大写,基团按字母表顺序,首字母在前的先写。
若有两个或三个重复的,di-,tri-不参与排列。
次序:bromo,chrolo,ethyl,methyl
一氯环己烯1-Methylcyclohexene 顺1,2二溴环戊烷trans-1,2-Dibromocyclopentane summary:cis-,trans-不为官能团,不用遵循首个字母大写。
异丁烯2-Methylpropene (普通命名Iso butyl ene) 二甲基一,三丁二烯2-Methyl-1,3-butadiene (普通命名Iso pr ene) 2,2-二甲基-3-乙基-3-庚烯3-Ethyl-2,2-dimethyl-3-heptene。
Nomenclature of Inorganic Compounds无机化合物的命名(Prefix词头,前缀Suffix词尾,后缀Stem词根)1.Trivial Names俗名H2O water不说dihydrogen oxideNH3 ammonia不说nitrogen trihydrideCaO quicklimeCaCO3 limestone2.Systematic Nomenclature系统命名1)Oxide氧化物——先命名非氧元素ZnOzinc oxideCaO calcium oxideCO carbon oxideNa2O2 sodium peroxideH2O2hydrogen peroxide 注:peroxide过氧化物2)Hydroxide氢氧化物(base碱)Ba(OH)2 barium hydroxideKOH potassium hydroxide3)Acid酸Hydro acid氢酸General formula通式:HnX 命名:hydro- + stem of X + -ic acid H2S hydrosulfuric acid(英) hydrosulphuric(美) 氢硫酸S:sulfur(英)、sulphur(美) HBr 氢溴酸hydrobromic acidBr: bromine HCl 氢氯酸(盐酸)hydrochloric acidCl: chlorine HF 氢氟酸hydrofluoric acidF: fluorineOxoacid or Oxyacid含氧酸General formula通式:HnXOm 命名:Stem of X + -ic acid 注:oxo-(oxy-) 含氧, 氧代H2SO4 sulfuric acid(英) sulphuric acid(美)H2CO3 carbonic acidH3PO4 phosphoric acid P: phosphorus H3BO3 boric acid B: boron HNO3 nitric acid N: nitrogenIf X has two oxidation states:-ic:the higher oxidation state-ous:the lower oxidation stateH2SO4 sulfuric acidH2SO3 sulfurous acid1/5HNO3 nitric acidHNO2 nitrous acidIf X (such as halogens) has more than two oxidation states:halogen卤素per- (过,高) + -ic:the still higher oxidation statehypo- (次,在?下) + -ous:the still lower oxidation stateHClO3 chloric acidHClO2 chlorous acidHClO4 perchloric acidHClO hypochlorous acidHIO hypoiodous acid4)Salt盐General formula通式:MnXm 命名:Name of M stem of X + -ide(-ide?化物)Oxide、chloride、nitride、hydrideKI potassium iodideAl2S3 aluminum sulfideLiH lithium hydrideOxysalt含氧酸盐Name the metal ion first and then the anionNaming anions:-ate anions derived from the -ic acid(the higher oxidation state of X)-ite anions derived from the -ous acid (the lower oxidation state of X)HNO3 nitric acidNaNO3 sodium nitrateHNO2 nitrous acidNaNO2 sodium nitriteSO42- sulfateSO32- sulfiteAgClO4 silver perchlorateNaIO3 sodium iodateKClO2 potassium chloriteKBrO potassium hypobromiteMnO42- manganateMnO4- permanganateAcid salt 酸式盐Using “hydrogen”to specify “H”NaHSO4 sodium hydrogen sulfateNaH2PO4 sodium dihydrogen phosphateNa2HPO4 disodium hydrogen phosphate P: phosphorus phosphate磷酸盐(根) Using prefix bi- + name of anion if only one acid salt existsNaHSO4 sodium bisulfateNaHSO3 sodium bisulfiteKHCO3 potassium bicarbonate5)Metals(M)with more than one oxidation state2/5Two methods:①后缀法: 早期使用stem of M + -ic the higher oxidation state of Mstem of M + -ous the lower oxidation state of MHgI2 mercuric iodideHg2I2 mercurous iodide Hg:mercury Cr2+ chromousCr3+ chromic Cr: chromium注:In most cases, Latin stem is used if the metal has symbol derived from itsLatin name.(mercury is an exception))英),copper (拉丁Cu:cuprum (Cu+ cuprousCu2+ cupricCuI cuprous iodideCuS cupric sulfideSn:stannum (拉丁), tin (英)SnCl2 stannous chlorideSnO2 stannic oxideFe:ferrum (拉丁), iron (英)Fe(OH)2 ferrous hydroxideFeBr3 ferric bromide②IUPAC Rule 1957年开始使用English name of metal(Roman numeral)CuBr copper(I) bromideCuF2 copper(II) fluorideSnO tin(II) oxideSnS2 tin(IV) sulfideFe(NO3)2 iron(II) nitrateFe2(SO4)3 iron(III) sulfateUse Greek prefixes希腊文前缀Mon(o)一di二tri三tetr(a)四pent(a)五hex(a)六hepta七octa八nona九1.to specify the number of each atom in the chemical formula.NO2 nitrogen dioxidePCl5 phosphorus pentachlorideCO2 carbon dioxide2.to specify the number of identical central atoms in condensed acids and their corresponding anions.condensed acid缩酸H3PO4 (mono)phosphoric acidH4P2O7 diphosphoric acid3/5H2SO4 sulfuric acidH2S3O10 trisulfuric acidCrO42-铬酸盐(根) chromateCr2O72-重铬酸盐(根)dichromate3. to indicate extent of substitutionPO43- phosphatePS2O23- dithiophosphate thio-硫代?,硫的,含硫的注:The prefixes ortho- and meta- have been used to distinguish acids differingin the “content of water.”ortho- [希腊词头] 正、原(无机酸用)邻(位)(有机化合物命名)meta- [希腊词头] 偏(无机酸用)间(位)(有机化合物命名)ortho-acid 原酸;meta-acid 偏酸H3BO3 orthoboric acid(or boric acid)(原)硼酸偏硼酸(HBO3)n metaboric acidH4SiO4 orthosilicic acid(or silicic acid)原硅酸H2SiO3 metasilicic acid 硅酸(习惯上不叫偏硅酸)H3PO4 orthophosphoric acid (or phosphoric acid)(正)磷酸偏磷酸(HPO3)n metaphosphoric acid。
Nomenclature of Inorganic Compounds无机化合物的命名(Prefix词头,前缀Suffix词尾,后缀Stem词根)1.Trivial Names俗名H2O water不说dihydrogen oxideNH3 ammonia不说nitrogen trihydrideCaO quicklimeCaCO3 limestone2.Systematic Nomenclature系统命名1)Oxide氧化物——先命名非氧元素ZnOzinc oxideCaO calcium oxideCO carbon oxideNa2O2 sodium peroxideH2O2hydrogen peroxide 注:peroxide过氧化物2)Hydroxide氢氧化物(base碱)Ba(OH)2 barium hydroxideKOH potassium hydroxide3)Acid酸Hydro acid氢酸General formula通式:HnX 命名:hydro- + stem of X + -ic acid H2S hydrosulfuric acid(英) hydrosulphuric(美) 氢硫酸S:sulfur(英)、sulphur(美) HBr 氢溴酸hydrobromic acidBr: bromine HCl 氢氯酸(盐酸)hydrochloric acidCl: chlorine HF 氢氟酸hydrofluoric acidF: fluorineOxoacid or Oxyacid含氧酸General formula通式:HnXOm 命名:Stem of X + -ic acid 注:oxo- (oxy-) 含氧, 氧代H2SO4 sulfuric acid(英) sulphuric acid(美)H2CO3 carbonic acidH3PO4 phosphoric acid P: phosphorus H3BO3 boric acid B: boron HNO3 nitric acid N: nitrogen If X has two oxidation states:-ic:the higher oxidation state-ous:the lower oxidation stateH2SO4 sulfuric acidH2SO3 sulfurous acid1/5HNO3 nitric acidHNO2 nitrous acidIf X (such as halogens) has more than two oxidation states:halogen卤素per- (过,高) + -ic:the still higher oxidation statehypo- (次,在…下) + -ous:the still lower oxidation stateHClO3 chloric acidHClO2 chlorous acidHClO4 perchloric acidHClO hypochlorous acidHIO hypoiodous acid4)Salt盐General formula通式:MnXm 命名:Name of M stem of X + -ide(-ide…化物)Oxide、chloride、nitride、hydrideKI potassium iodideAl2S3 aluminum sulfideLiH lithium hydrideOxysalt含氧酸盐Name the metal ion first and then the anionNaming anions:-ate anions derived from the -ic acid(the higher oxidation state of X)-ite anions derived from the -ous acid (the lower oxidation state of X)HNO3 nitric acidNaNO3 sodium nitrateHNO2 nitrous acidNaNO2 sodium nitriteSO42- sulfateSO32- sulfiteAgClO4 silver perchlorateNaIO3 sodium iodateKClO2 potassium chloriteKBrO potassium hypobromiteMnO42- manganateMnO4- permanganateAcid salt 酸式盐Using “hydrogen” to specify “H”NaHSO4 sodium hydrogen sulfateNaH2PO4 sodium dihydrogen phosphateNa2HPO4 disodium hydrogen phosphate P: phosphorus phosphate磷酸盐(根) Using prefix bi- + name of anion if only one acid salt existsNaHSO4 sodium bisulfateNaHSO3 sodium bisulfiteKHCO3 potassium bicarbonate5)Metals(M)with more than one oxidation state2/5Two methods:①后缀法: 早期使用stem of M + -ic the higher oxidation state of Mstem of M + -ous the lower oxidation state of MHgI2 mercuric iodideHg2I2 mercurous iodide Hg:mercury Cr2+ chromousCr3+ chromic Cr: chromium注:In most cases, Latin stem is used if the metal has symbol derived from itsLatin name.(mercury is an exception)Cu:cuprum (拉丁),copper (英)Cu+ cuprousCu2+ cupricCuI cuprous iodideCuS cupric sulfideSn:stannum (拉丁), tin (英)SnCl2 stannous chlorideSnO2 stannic oxideFe:ferrum (拉丁), iron (英)Fe(OH)2 ferrous hydroxideFeBr3 ferric bromide②IUPAC Rule 1957年开始使用English name of metal(Roman numeral)CuBr copper(I) bromideCuF2 copper(II) fluorideSnO tin(II) oxideSnS2 tin(IV) sulfideFe(NO3)2 iron(II) nitrateFe2(SO4)3 iron(III) sulfateUse Greek prefixes希腊文前缀Mon(o)一di二tri三tetr(a)四pent(a)五hex(a)六hepta七octa八nona九1.to specify the number of each atom in the chemical formula.NO2 nitrogen dioxidePCl5 phosphorus pentachlorideCO2 carbon dioxide2.to specify the number of identical central atoms in condensed acids and their corresponding anions.condensed acid缩酸H3PO4 (mono)phosphoric acidH4P2O7 diphosphoric acid3/5H2SO4 sulfuric acidH2S3O10 trisulfuric acidCrO42- 铬酸盐(根) chromateCr2O72- 重铬酸盐(根)dichromate3. to indicate extent of substitutionPO43- phosphatePS2O23- dithiophosphate thio-硫代…,硫的,含硫的注:The prefixes ortho- and meta- have been used to distinguish acids differingin the “content of water.”ortho- [希腊词头] 正、原(无机酸用)邻(位)(有机化合物命名)meta- [希腊词头] 偏(无机酸用)间(位)(有机化合物命名)ortho-acid 原酸;meta-acid 偏酸H3BO3 orthoboric acid(or boric acid)(原)硼酸(HBO3)n metaboric acid偏硼酸H4SiO4 orthosilicic acid(or silicic acid)原硅酸H2SiO3 metasilicic acid 硅酸(习惯上不叫偏硅酸)H3PO4 orthophosphoric acid (or phosphoric acid)(正)磷酸(HPO3)n metaphosphoric acid 偏磷酸。
常见化合物命名H hydrogen [ˈhaidrəd ʒən]He helium [’hi:liəm]Li lithium ['liθiəmBe beryllium [be’rili əm]B boron ['bɔ:rɔn]C carbon [ˈkɑ:bən]N nitrogen [ˈnaitrəd ʒən]O oxygen [ˈɔksidʒən]F fluorine [’fluəri:n]Ne neon [ˈni:ɔn ˈni:ən]Na sodium ['səudiəm]Mg magnesium [mægˈni:ziəm]Al aluminum [ˈæljuˈminiəm,ˈæləˈminiəm]Si silicon [ˈsilikən] P phosphorus ['fɔsfər əs]S sulfur [[’sʌlfə]Cl chlorine ['klɔ:ri:n]Ar argon [’ɑ:gɔn]Ca calcium [ˈkælsiəm]Rb rubidium [ru:’bidiəm]K potassium [pə’tæsi əm]Br bromine [’brəumi:n]I iodine [ˈaiədi:n]Ba barium ['bɛəriəm其他常有元素Fe : iron ['aiən]Mn : manganese [ˈmæŋgə’ni:z]Cu: copper [ˈkɔpə]拉丁语: Cuprum Zn: zinc [ziŋk]Hg: mercury [ˈmə:kjuri]来源于古希腊人对它的称呼hydor argyros (水银)Ag: silver [ˈsilvə] 拉丁名Argentum 即来自希腊文argyros (明亮) ,元素符号Ag ,与英文名silver 毫不相干;Au: gold [gəuld] 金的拉丁名Aurum 来自希腊文aurora (灿烂) ,元素符号Au ,与英文名gold 也无关系。
iupac命名法英文对应表(原创版)目录1.IUPAC 命名法的概述2.IUPAC 命名法的英文对应表3.IUPAC 命名法的应用4.IUPAC 命名法的重要性正文1.IUPAC 命名法的概述IUPAC 命名法,全称为“国际纯粹与应用化学联合会命名法”(International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry Nomenclature),是一种为化学物质命名的标准化方法。
它旨在确保化学领域的命名规范一致,从而方便科学家之间的交流与合作。
IUPAC 命名法涵盖了有机化合物、无机化合物、生物化合物等多种化学物质的命名规则。
2.IUPAC 命名法的英文对应表在 IUPAC 命名法中,有许多对应的英文表述。
以下是一些常见的IUPAC 命名法英文对应表:- 主链(main chain):primary chain- 支链(side chain):side chain- 官能团(functional group):functional group- 取代基(substituent):substituent- 键(bond):bond- 碳原子(carbon atom):carbon atom- 氢原子(hydrogen atom):hydrogen atom3.IUPAC 命名法的应用IUPAC 命名法在化学领域具有广泛的应用。
在有机化学中,它用于规范有机化合物的命名,如烷烃、烯烃、炔烃等。
在无机化学中,IUPAC 命名法用于命名无机化合物,如氧化物、酸、碱等。
此外,在生物化学领域,IUPAC 命名法也用于生物大分子如蛋白质、核酸等的命名。
4.IUPAC 命名法的重要性IUPAC 命名法对于化学学科的发展具有重要意义。
一致的命名规范可以提高科学家之间的沟通效率,降低误解的风险。
此外,IUPAC 命名法也有助于培养化学专业人才,提高化学教育的质量。
在实际应用中,掌握IUPAC 命名法有助于化学工程师、科研人员等更加准确地描述化学物质,从而推动化学领域的创新与发展。
化学英文命名(总6页)--本页仅作为文档封面,使用时请直接删除即可----内页可以根据需求调整合适字体及大小--H hydrogen ['haidrəudʒən] He helium ['hi:ljəm] Lilithium ['liθiəm] C carbon ['kɑ:bən] Nnitrogen ['naitrədʒən] O oxygen ['ɔksidʒən]F fluorine ['flu(:)əri:n] Na sodium['səudjəm] Mg magnesium [mæg'ni:zjəm] Alaluminum [ə'lu:minəm] Si silicon ['silikən] Pphosphorus ['fɔsfərəs] S sulfur ['sʌlfə] Clchlorine ['klɔ:ri:n] K potassium [pə'tæsjəm] Fe iron['aiən] Ni nickel ['nikl] Cu copper ['kɔpə] Pblead [li:d] Ca calcium ['kælsiəm] I iodine ['aiədi:n]Ag silver ['silvə] Zn zinc [ziŋk] As arsenic['ɑ:sənik] Se selenium [si'li:niəm] Br bromine ['brəumi:n]Cd cadmium ['kædmiəm] Hg mercury ['mə:kjuri] Crchromium ['krəumjəm] Mn manganese [.mæŋgə'ni:z]二元化合物的命名(1)金属,非金属金属元素全称 + 非金属元素词干 + ide后缀NaCl— sodium chloride KBr— potassium bromide CaF— calcium2fluoride KI— potassium iodide ZnS— zinc sulfide CaO— calcium oxide当金属可能有多种化合价时,用后缀-ous表示低价,-ic表示高价。
化合物的英文命名(Nomenclature of compounds)I 无机物的命名(Inorganic compounds)1 元素与单质的命名“元素”和“单质”的英文意思都是“element”,有时为了区别,在强调“单质”时可用“free element”。
因此,单质的英文名称与元素的英文名称是一样的。
下面给出的既是元素的名称,同时又是单质的名称。
S-block ElementIA IIAH Hydrogen Be BerylliumLi Lithium Mg MagnesiumNa Sodium Ca CalciumK Potassium Sr StrontiumRb Rubidium Ba BariumCs CesiumFr Francium Ra RadiumP-block ElementIIIA IV A V AB BoronC Carbon N NitrogenAl Aluminium Si Silicon P PhosphorusGa Gallium Ge Germanium As ArsenicIn Indium Sn Tin Sb AntimonyTl Thallium Pb Lead Bi BismuthVIA VIIA 0He Helium O Oxygen F Fluorine Ne NeonS Sulfur Cl Chlorine Ar ArgonSe Selenium Br Bromine Kr KryptonTe Tellurium I Iodine Xe XenonPo Polonium At Astatine Rn Radon Common Transition ElememtFe : iron Mn : manganeseCu: copper Zn: zincHg: mercury Ag: silverAu: gold2化合物的命名化合物的命名顺序都是根据化学式从左往右读,这与中文读法顺序是相反的。
无机物英语命名法一单原子离子1正离子Cu+copper(Ⅰ)Cu2+copper(Ⅱ)2负离子-ideSulfide S2-Nitride N3-Oxide O2-氟fluorine F- fluoride氯chlorine Cl- chloride溴bromine Br-bromide二多原子离子1-ate -iteNO3-nitrate CO32- carbonateNO2- nitrite OH- hydroxideSO42-sulfateSO32- sulfiteHCO3- hydrogen carbonateHSO4- hydrogen sulfateH2PO43- dihydrogen phosphate2Fewest Oxygen Atoms hypo—iteFewer Oxygen Atoms —iteMore Oxygen Atoms —ateMost Oxygen Atoms per —ateClO-hypochloriteClO2-chloriteClO3-chlorateClO4-perchlorate三两种元素组成的化合物FeO iron( II ) oxide (ferrous oxide)Fe2O3iron( III ) oxide (ferric oxide)SnCl4tin(IV) chloridePbO2lead(IV) oxide金属氢化物一般命名规则:金属名+hydrideCaH2 calcium hydrideNaH sodium hydride非金属氢化物一般命名规则:hydrogen+非金属+ideHCl hydrogen chlorideH2S hydrogen sulfide (sulphide)HF hydrogen fluorideSiC silicon carbide非金属氧化物命名:非金属名+n-oxide(l)mono-一(2)di-[dai]二(3)tri-trai三(4)tetra-tetrə四(5)penta-,pentə五(6) hexa-[,heksə六(7)hepta-[,heptə七(8)octa-八(9)nona-['nəunə] 九(10)deca-'deke 十CO carbon monoxide CO2 carbon dioxideNO2 nitrogen dioxide N2O4 nitrogen tetraoxideCl2O7dichlorine heptaoxideClO2chlorine dioxideSF4sulfur tetrafluoride SF6 sulfur hexafluorideCrO2 chromium dioxide CrO3 chromium trioxide四、三种以上元素组成的化合物碱的一般命名规则:金属名(化合价)+hydroxideSn(OH)2tin(Ⅱ) hydroxideSn(OH)4tin(IV) hydroxide盐的一般命名规则:金属名(化合价)+酸根名Hg2SO4mercury(Ⅰ) sulfateHgSO4mercury (Ⅱ) sulfateFeSO4iron(Ⅱ) sulfateFe2(SO4)3iron( Ⅲ) sulfateNaClO sodium hypochloriteNaClO4sodium perchlorateKClO3NaHCO3含结晶水的hydrate水合物,unhydrous无水的,不含水的['haidrəs]CuSO4·5H2O copper (II) sulfate pentahydrateCuSO4unhydrous copper (II) sulfateNaCO3·10H2O五无机酸1不含氧酸hydro-—-ic acideHCl hydrochloric acidHF hydrofluoric acidHBr hydrobromic acidH2S hydrosulfuric acid2含氧酸-ic 正酸把负离子的-ate变为-ic,后边加acidHNO3nitric acidH2SO4sulfuric acidH3PO4-ous 亚酸把负离子的-ite变为-ous,后边加acidH2SO3sulfurous acid3 per-高某酸hypo-次某酸HClO4perchloric acidHClO hypochlorous acid有机物英语命名法烷烃的命名普通命名法(中英文)含1~10个碳的烷烃,称为“某烷”,“某”为词首,采用甲、乙、丙、丁、戊、己、庚、辛、壬、癸表示,从11个碳开始起用中文数字,词尾为“烷”。