非谓语动词 to do

非谓语动词作定语的区别
非谓语动词作定语的区别
非谓语动词作定语时，分别是to do 结构，doing结构，以及done结构，三者在句意和用法上有明显区别：
一、To do 结构
To do 结构表示动作的目的或目标，其中，to do 是状语从句，由于为表目的，所以所引导的动词要用不定式。

例如：
This book is for reading. 这本书是用来读的。

We need a room for sleeping. 我们需要一个可以睡觉的房间。

二、Doing 结构
Doing 结构表示正在进行的动作，即主句中的动作正在发生。

例如：
The man walking down the street is my father. 走在街上的那个男人是我父亲。

This is the book writing by Jack. 这是杰克写的书。

三、Done 结构
Done 结构表示动作已经完成，即主句中的动作已经发生完毕。

例如：
This is the book written by Jack. 这是杰克写的书。

The work done in the morning should be finished before noon. 上午开展的工作应该在中午前完成。

⾮谓语动词之动词不定式（todo）的⽤法⾮谓语动词之动词不定式（to do）的⽤法⾮谓语动词是指在句⼦中不是谓语的动词，主要形式有：不定式、动名词和分词（现在分词和过去分词）。

1.“to do”动词不定式的变形2.动词不定式的⽤法（1）充当主语（⼀般会⽤it 当形式主语）To swim here is dangerous. =It is dangerous to swim here.To pass this English exam is unlikely. =（2）充当表语（多数情况下，可以转换成动词不定式做主语）My job is to help with your English learning.To help with your English learning is my job.（3）充当宾语（只能做某些动词的宾语，⼀般不做介词的宾语；有时⽤“it”做形式宾语）I decided to attend this meeting last night.I find it necessary to learn a foreign language.注意：当以下动词欲接动词作宾语时，只能跟不定式作宾语。

decide, determine, learn, wish, hopeagree, plan, pretend, dare, refuse, failprepare, try, manage, help, promiseoffer, beg, demand, afford, arrange, be supposed（4）充当宾语补⾜语I persuaded him to make a speech in public.注意：在感官动词／使役动词／help后（see, hear, watch, notice, make,have, let后不定式做宾补时，可省略“to”）I saw them have a disagreement on who should sweep the floor. （我看到了他们争论的整个过程）但，感官动词后⾯也可接Ving形式，表⽰正在进⾏。

to do doing done 非谓语用法
“To do, doing, done”是英语中一种非常常见的非谓语用法，是指以“to do”、“doing”和“done”开头的动词不定式、现在分词和过去分词形式。

在句子中，这个结构通常用于表示某个特定的动作或状态，而不涉及主谓关系。

下面我们来详细了解一下这三种非谓语用法的具体用法。

一、to do
“To do”是动词不定式，它的基本结构是“to + 动词原形”。

在句子中，“to do”通常用于表示将要发生的动作或未完成的动作。

具体用法如下：
1. 表示目的：例如：
- I went to the store to buy some groceries.（我去商店买食材。

）
- She went to the library to study. （她去图书馆学习。

）
- He called me to ask for some advice.（他打电话给我问建议。

）
二、doing
综上所述，“to do, doing, done”三种非谓语用法在英语中应用广泛，能够帮助我们表达各种场景下的动作或状态。

熟练掌握这三种非谓语用法，能够让我们的语言表达更加丰富和准确。

非谓语动词的七种形态的用法和含义
非谓语动词的七种形态包括不定式、动名词、现在分词、过去分词、分词短语、不定式短语和动名词短语。

1.不定式：to do，常用于表示目的、原因、结果、条件等。

例如：She went to the market to buy some vegetables.
2.动名词：doing，可作主语、宾语、表语等，常用于表示动作的
进行与持续。

例如：Reading is her favorite hobby.
3.现在分词：doing，表示与主语同时或者正在进行的动作。

例如：The boy standing over there is my friend.
4.过去分词：done，可用作形容词或者与助动词连用表示完成的
动作。

例如：The work was done by the team.
5.分词短语：having done，表示在完成某个动作之后发生的事情。

例如：Having finished her homework, she went to bed.
6.不定式短语：to be done，表示被动或者完成的动作。

例如：The report is to be submitted by tomorrow.
7.动名词短语：enjoying swimming，表示主语进行的动作是令人愉快的。

例如：She enjoys swimming in the sea.
除了以上七种形态外，非谓语动词还可以组成短语或者从句，常用于虚拟语气、句子的修饰、分句或者非限制性定语从句等。

完全掌握非谓语动词的用法对于提高英语写作和阅读水平非常重要。

非谓语动词固定搭配一、to do不定式1.固定接to do的动词：want to do need to do plan to do promise to do承诺fail to do未能agree to do同意refuse to do拒绝decide/determine to do决定manage to do设法成功learn to do claim to do声称，宣称pretend to do假装afford to do负担得起choose to do选择demand to do要求expect to do期待happen to do碰巧hope to do希望prepare to do准备2.+宾+to do的动词：advise sb to do sth建议want sb to do sth希望/想要invite sb to do sth邀请allow sb to do sth允许permit sb to do sth允许ask sb to do sth要求encourage sb to do sth鼓励persuade sb to do sth劝说3.接to do表目的：in order to do sth.so as to do为了不能位于句首4.接to do表结果：only to do表意料之外的结果“却”too+adj./adv.+to do“太...而不能”e.g.：He hurried to the train station,only_to find_(find)the train had left.It is too late to go home.太晚了而无法回家。

5.the+序数词+to do“第几个做...”e.g.：He is the first to come,the last to leave.6.疑问代词+to dowhat,who,when,where,why,howe.g.：I don’t know how to learn English.7.to do的省略(保留to省略do)e.g.：Would you like to have dinner with me?I would like to.but,except(表除了)+to doe.g.：have no choice but to do sth.“除了...别无选择”注意：but前有do，后无to(to省略)have nothing to do but do sth.8.to do的固定句型1）It作形式主语It is/was+adj.+(of/for sb.)to do sth.e.g.:It is so kind of you to help me.It is difficult for me to learn English.区分：of：某人是...的adj修饰sb.for：对于某人来说...adj修饰to do不定式。

非谓语动词to do不定式讲解
非谓语动词中的to do不定式是英语语法中的一个重要部分，它表示动作尚未发生或即将发生，具有不确定性。

以下是关于to do不定式的详细讲解：
1. 用法：to do不定式在句子中可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语等成分，用于表达各种不同的意义和语气。

2. 时态：to do不定式有多种时态形式，包括一般式（to do）、进行式（to be doing）、完成式（to have done）等，根据不同的语境选择不同的时态形式。

3. 语态：to do不定式有被动语态和主动语态两种形式。

被动语态用于表示主语是动作的接受者，主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。

4. 否定形式：to do不定式的否定形式是在前面加上“not”或者“never”，例如“to not do”或者“never to do”。

5. 独立结构：在某些情况下，to do不定式可以作为独立结构出现，例如“To err is human.（人非圣贤，孰能无过。

）”。

6. 习惯搭配：to do不定式常常与一些固定搭配一起使用，例如“want to do”（想要做）、“plan to do”（计划做）等。

总之，to do不定式是一个非常灵活的非谓语动词形式，在不同的语境中有不同的用法和意义。

通过掌握其基本用法和规则，能够更好地理解和运用这种语言现象，提高英语表达能力。

非谓语动词不定式非谓语动词——不定式不定式的2种形式不定式在句子中的成分say is easy and is hard.主语主语To say is easy and is hard.To see is to believe.主语’s +adj. for sb. to do sth.形式主语真正主语该类形容词有：difficult/hard/important/possible/adj. 修饰sth. j dj f b h 形式主语真正主语impossible/comfortable/necessary 等该类形容词有：adj. 修饰sb.’s +adj. of sb. to do sth.类形容有kind/nice/stupid/rude/clever/foolish/thoughtful/brave/considerate 等It ’s interesting It ’s kind of you to help To see is to believe 表语To see is to believe .对于一个老师来说最重要的事The most important thing for a 是公平地对待每个学生.The most important thing for a teacher is to treat every student equally.三. 作宾语The bird wants to find something to drink.宾语+不定式作宾语的动词有：三个希望两答应：hope, wish, want, agree, promise 两个要求未拒绝：设法学会做决定：不需假装在选择p ,,,g ,p demand, ask, fail, refuse manage, intend, learn, decide, determine 不需假装在选择：desire, pretend, choose But the bird found it hard to find water.主语+find/think +it + adj. + to do sth.形式宾语真正宾语j 宾补asks me to do exercises.主谓关系advise, allow, ask, wish ll h want, get, order, tell, teachTo make me study better, my mother asks me to do exercises.make me study (省略to 的)宾补的宾补的动词有：,y y listen to, hear)let,have)make, let, have) see, notice, observe, watch)注意：五. 作定语作定语The bird wants to find something to drink 定语The bird wants to find something to drink .I want to find a comfortable pillow to lie on.d b 目的状语To make me study better , my mother exercises.The cat is too control itself 结果状语The cat is too excitedto control itself .---Lucy had a bad cold. ---I am sorry to hear that.原因状语o e .to leave didn’t tell his 宾语when to leave and t tell his how to improve their products.宾语The man lost his way, so he didn’t know where to go.。

非谓语动词短语一．动词不定式（To do 式）1.asked sb. (not) to do sth. 请求某人（不）做某事2.tell /told sb. (not) to do sth. 告诉某人（不）做某事3.wanted sb. (not) to do sth. 想要某人（不）做某事4.warn sb. (not) to do sth. 警告某人（不）做某事5.allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事6.invite sb. to do sth. 邀请某人做某事7.order sb. to do sth. 命令某人做某事8.teach sb. to do sth. 教某人做某事9.decide (not) to do sth. 决定做某事10.manage to do sth. 设法做某事11.have to do sth. 不得不做某事12.hope (sb.) to do sth. 希望做某事13.expect (sb.) to do sth. 期盼做某事14.prefer to do sth. 宁愿做某事15.refuse to do sth. 拒绝做某事16.happen to do sth. 碰巧做某事17.don’t need to do sth. 不必做某事18.promise to do sth. 答应做某事19.plan to do sth. 计划做某事20.failed to do sth. 未能做某事e(d) to do sth. 过去常常做某事22.so as (not) to do sth. 为了（不）做某事23.in order (not) to do sth. 为了（不）做某事24.be able to do sth. 有能力能做某事25.ought (not) to do sth. 应该做某事26.be determined to do sth. 有决心做某事27.be eager to do sth. 渴望做某事28.too…. to do sth. 太。

非谓语todo doing作宾语有趣例句“Todo 和 Doing 作宾语的例句大赏：让英语学习嗨起来！”开场白：嗨，朋友们！是不是一提到英语里的非谓语动词 to do 和 doing 作宾语就有点头大？别担心，今天咱们通过一堆有趣的例句，让你轻松搞懂！基础例句：打好理解的地基1. I like to play basketball in my free time. （我空闲的时候喜欢打篮球。

）2. She decided to go shopping this weekend. （她决定这周末去购物。

）3. We hope to visit the Great Wall next year. （我们希望明年去参观长城。

）4. He refused to answer my question. （他拒绝回答我的问题。

）5. They managed to finish the work on time. （他们设法按时完成了工作。

）场景例句：拓展使用场合生活场景1. I enjoy doing yoga in the morning. （我早上喜欢做瑜伽。

）2. She avoids eating junk food. （她避免吃垃圾食品。

）职场场景1. The boss requires us to work overtime. （老板要求我们加班。

）2. We need to improve our communication skills. （我们需要提高我们的沟通技巧。

）正式场合1. The committee considers taking new measures. （委员会考虑采取新措施。

）2. The government intends doing more for environmental protection. （政府打算为环境保护做更多的事。

）互动与练习试试填空题，把 to do 或 doing 用到句子里：1. He loves ______ (read) books before sleep.2. They plan ______ (travel) abroad next month.答案：1. reading 2. to travel结束语与鼓励怎么样，朋友们！通过这些例句是不是对 to do 和 doing 作宾语有更清晰的认识啦？多练习，多运用，相信你在英语学习的道路上会越走越顺！。

非谓语形式有三种：1、动词不定式：to do2、动词的ing : doing3、动词的过去分词：done。

其中不定式表示目的和将来;动词的ing表示主动和进行；过去分词表示被动和完成。

非谓语动词三种形式在句中充当不同的成分，表达不同的意义，具体如下表：非谓语动词的时态和语态：一般式：不定式：主动to do ，被动to be done ; ing 形式：主动doing ，被动being done ;过去分词：被动done完成式：不定式：主动to have done ，被动to have been done;ing 形式：主动having done，被动having been done进行式：不定式to be doing1、动词不定式的基本用法：动词不定式能起名词、形容词和副词的作用，可在句中作主语、表语、宾语补足语、定语和状语用，（to）+ do，具有名词、形容词、副词的特征。

否定式：not + (to) do 如：(1)作主语：动词不定式作主语时，一般可用it作形式主语，而将作主语的动词不定式置于句末，如：It is very hard to finish the work in ten minutes. 十分钟之内完成这项工作是很难的。

It means failure to lose your heart. 灰心意味着失败。

常用句式有：1、It+be+名词+to do。

2、It takes sb.+some time+to do。

(2)作表语：动词不定式在系动词be之后作表语，与表示将来时的be + 动词不定式结构有所区别。

如：Her job is to clean the hall. 她的工作是打扫大厅。

(3)作宾语：①作及物动词的宾语，如：She wishes to be a musician.;②作某些形容词的宾语：可以有动词不定式为宾语的形容词一般有glad, sorry, afraid, pleased, determined, willing, eager, anxious, ready, sure等；③动词不定式一般不作介词的宾语，但动词不定式之前如有疑问词时，就可作介词的宾语，如：Can you give us some advice on what to do next?(4)作宾语补足语：在复合宾语中，动词不定式可充当宾语补足语，如下动词常跟这种复合宾语：want,wish,ask,tell,order,beg,permit,help,advise,persuade,allow,prepare,cause,force,call on,wait for,invite.此外，介词有时也与这种复合宾语连用，如：With a lot of work to do,he didn't go to the cinema．他有很多工作要做，所以没去电影院。

非谓语动词不定式（to do）的用法小结I．不定式的语法意义1.不定式具有名词、形容词、副词的特征，在句中可作主、宾、定、表、补和状语。

2.没有人称和数的变化，在句子中不能作谓语，但有时态和语态的变化。

3.仍保留动词的特征，即可有自己的宾语和状语，和他们一起构成不定式短语。

II. 不定式的否定式not to doIII.不定式的时态和语态1.一般式（to do/to be done）表示动作或状态与谓语动词的动作或状态同时发生或发生在其后。

2.完成式（to have done/to have been done）表示动作或状态在谓语动词的动作或状态之前。

3.进行式（to be doing）表示动作谓语动词所表示的动作或状态发生时正在发生。

4.完成进行式（to have been doing）表示在谓语动词的动作或状态发生之前开始进行的行为，到谓语动作发生时，可能停止，也可能会持续下去。

IV．不定式的功能1.作主语：（1）to do可直接作主语，表示特指一个具体动作。

eg.To swim in that river is very dangerous.To study English well isn’teasy.(2) 用it作为形式主语，而把真正的不定式主语放到句中。

常见的有6种。

It is +adj+ to do sth.eg.It is nice not to be dependent onothers.It is +adj+for sb to do sth.eg.It is not hard for one to do a bit of goodIt is +adj+of sb to do sth.eg. It is silly of you to believe him.= You are silly to believe him.It is +noun+to do sth.eg.It was not his habit to ask people for things.It+动词（+宾语）+ to do sth.eg.It took me a year to finish writing thebook.It is+介词短语+to do sth.eg.It is beyond my power to answer this question.2.作表语：to do作表语很普遍，多数情况下可换作主语eg.Her job is to teach us maths.To teach us maths is her job.3.作宾语：to do作宾语直接跟在vt 动词后面。

非谓语动词之to do和ing的区别一，作主语时的区别不定式指较具体的行为Ing表示抽象或者泛指的动作（但在实际应用常已经可以互换）注意：两者都可以用it作形式主语，但结构不同1）ing词it is + no using/no good/useless/ a waste of time + doing sthThere is no + ing =it is impossible to do sth Eg.it’s no use waiting here.There is no telling why he did so.(there is no knowing/there is no persuading=it is impossible to persuade …)2)to do 不定式It is +adj(n)+(for sb)/(of sb) + to do sthEg. It is very difficult to drive in the mountains.It is a shame to say like that .二，作表语时的区别不定式强调一次具体动作Ing强调抽象行为三，作宾语不定式agree decline 拒绝refuse offer promise choose decide determine attempt intend manage fail ask hope want tend expect desire wish seek plan prepare pretend learn mean dare arrange demand happen intendIng 词admit stand appreciate avoid finish complete consider delay deny suggest enjoy escape forgive keep mind miss practise risk advise allow permit forbid 或者介词短语的宾语go on insist on , persist in , keep on , take to 喜欢，dream of , get down to , 等等四，作定语不定式后置与修饰词之间有动宾关系必要时要添加介词He is a pleasant fellow to work with .常表示未来发生的动作The man to come our assitance is Mike.在the first, the second , the best, the only thing 等后常加不定式作定语He is always the first to answer questions.Ing词1）多为合成词表中心词的性质Parking lot , sleeping bag, drinking water, cooking oil, driving licence 等2）单个分词前置，短语后置，相当于一个定语从句He is a businessman growing rich in recent years.3)其中现在分词常表示动作正在进行或即将进行过去分词常表示动作已经完成Is this the book written by Mike?五，作状语不定式1) 目的状语=in order to2) 结果状语表意外only to do sth too…to, so…as to . enough…to3) 原因状语一般放在句尾表示引起某种情绪的原（happy,lucky,fortunate, ashamed , surprised, shocked, sorry , glad, delighted, disappointed, anxious, unwise, foolish, rude, considerate, annoyed, bored, puzzled 等等）4）条件状语谓语动词中常有will, must , shall 等5）独立结构to tell the truth, to be ture, to be plain, to cut the matter short, to make matters worse, to be brief, to be exact, to conclude, to be honest, to start with, to sum up 等等Ing 词1）作时间状语相当于when引起的从句Hearing the news, they set off for Shanghai.2) 原因状语从句相当于because引导的从句Overcome with surprise, she was unable to stand.3) 方式或者伴随状语相当于一个并列句He walked down the hill, singing to himself.4) 条件状语从句相当于一个由if引导的从句如果…Given another chance, I will do it better.5) 结果状语从句相当于so that 引导的从句常由逗号自然的结果He turned off the light, seeing nothing.6)让步状语相当于though，although等引导的从句Admitting what I said, I still thought she had n’t tried her best.7）ing词的独立结构有xly speaking , judging from , taking everything into consideration, considering 等8) 这些ing词作状语时，前面有时可以由连接词when, while, unless, as if 等等六补语不定式1）常有固定用法ask request tell invite force press get beg wish prefer want intend expect encourage advise persuade allow forbid permit order urge warn remind 等等2）在两听三使等动词中要省略to，被动现to Ing词表同步进行或者已经完成。

非谓语动词to do和doing的用法
非谓语动词主要有两种形式：不定式（to do）和现在分词（doing）。

它们的用法如下：
1. 不定式（to do）：
不定式用作名词、形容词或副词，表示一个动作或状态。

它通常有以下几种用法：
-作名词：例如，to learn（学习）等。

-作形容词：例如，an interesting book（有趣的书）等。

-作副词：例如，He runs to the door（他跑到门口）等。

2. 现在分词（doing）：
现在分词表示一个正在进行的动作或状态。

它通常有以下几种用法：
-作名词：例如，the boy sitting on the bench（坐在长凳上的男孩）等。

-作形容词：例如，a sleeping dog（一只睡觉的狗）等。

-作副词：例如，She is laughing（她正在笑）等。

请注意，非谓语动词在句子中的作用和位置有所不同。

不定式通常放
在句子的开头或结尾，而现在分词通常放在句子中间。

此外，现在分词表示动作与谓语动词同时发生，而不定式表示动作将在未来发生。

例如：
- I want to learn English.（我想学习英语。

）
- She is laughing loudly.（她大声笑着。

）
在这些例子中，非谓语动词（不定式和现在分词）在句子中扮演了不同的角色，分别表示未来的动作和学习进行时的动作。

非谓语动词不定式（to do）的用法小结I．不定式的语法意义1.不定式具有名词、形容词、副词的特征，在句中可作主、宾、定、表、补和状语。

2.没有人称和数的变化，在句子中不能作谓语，但有时态和语态的变化。

3.仍保留动词的特征，即可有自己的宾语和状语，和他们一起构成不定式短语。

II. 不定式的否定式not to doIII.不定式的时态和语态1.一般式（to do/to be done）表示动作或状态与谓语动词的动作或状态同时发生或发生在其后。

2.完成式（to have done/to have been done）表示动作或状态在谓语动词的动作或状态之前。

3.进行式（to be doing）表示动作谓语动词所表示的动作或状态发生时正在发生。

4.完成进行式（to have been doing）表示在谓语动词的动作或状态发生之前开始进行的行为，到谓语动作发生时，可能停止，也可能会持续下去。

IV．不定式的功能1.作主语：（1）to do可直接作主语，表示特指一个具体动作。

eg.To swim in that river is very dangerous.To study English well isn’teasy.(2) 用it作为形式主语，而把真正的不定式主语放到句中。

常见的有6种。

It is +adj+ to do sth.eg.It is nice not to be dependent onothers.It is +adj+for sb to do sth.eg.It is not hard for one to do a bit of goodIt is +adj+of sb to do sth.eg. It is silly of you to believe him.= You are silly to believe him.It is +noun+to do sth.eg.It was not his habit to ask people for things.It+动词（+宾语）+ to do sth.eg.It took me a year to finish writing thebook.It is+介词短语+to do sth.eg.It is beyond my power to answer this question.2.作表语：to do作表语很普遍，多数情况下可换作主语eg.Her job is to teach us maths.To teach us maths is her job.3.作宾语：to do作宾语直接跟在vt 动词后面。

初中常见非谓语动词固定搭配1. 谓语动词后只跟to do 的动词有：afford to do sth 负担的起做某事 There is no need for sb to do sth 对某人来说没有必要做某事ask to do sth 要求做某事 agree to do sth 同意做某事 disagree to do sth 不同意做某事plan to do sth = make a plan to do sth= make plans to do sth 计划、打算做某事be able to do sth 能够做某事 take action to do sth = take measures to do sth 采取措施做某事used to do sth 过去常常做某事 be used to do sth 被用来做某事= be used for doing sth注意：be / get used to doing sth 意为“习惯做某事”hope to do sth = wish to do sth = expect to do sth 希望做某事= look forward to doing sthpromise to do sth 承诺做某事 refuse to do sth 拒绝做某事 pretend to do sth 假装做某事注意：没有hope / promise / refuse sb to do sth 这种表达方式,此句式为错误表达.decide to do sth 决定做某事 = make a decision to do sth = make decisions to do sthlearn to do sth 学着做某事 offer to do sth 主动提供做某事 help towant to do sth = would like to do sth = would love to do sth想要做某事= feel like doing sthdare to do sth 敢做某事dare是实意动词 need to do sth 需要做某事need是实意动词be sure to do sth = make sure to do sth 确保/ 保证做某事 manage to do sth 设法做成某事be going to do sth = be about to do sth 将要做某事do one’s best to do sth = try one’s best to do sth 尽某人最大努力做某事spare no effort to do sth 不遗余力做某事尽某人最大努力做某事can’t wait to do sth 迫不及待做某事 sb be advised to do sth 某人被建议做某事sb be allowed / permitted to do sth 某人被允许做某事be notsupposed to do sth 不应该做某事 = should not do sthsb be heard ,listened to / seen ,watched , looked at , noticed, observed / let, had, made to do sth 某人被听见、被看见、被使得去做某事;make up one’s mind to do sth 下定决心做某事 be happy / glad to do sth 开心/高兴做某事fail to do sth 没能够做某事 happen to do sth 碰巧做某事 seem to do sth 似乎做某事be afraid to do sth 害怕做某事= be afraid of doing sth in order toadj + enough to do sth 足够……可以做某事了= so……that肯定句eg: The boy is careful enough to get good grades.= The boy is so careful that he gets good grades.too ……to do sth 太……而不能做某事 = so……that否定句eg: The boy is too careless to make many mistakes in his homework. = The boy is so careful that he gets good grades in his homework. be ready to do sth 乐意做某事= be willing to do sthbe ready to do sth 准备做某事= prepare to do sthI do what I can to do sth 我做我能做的去做某事此句型中“to do sth 做目的状语”be sorry to do sth抱歉做某事 be lucky to do sth 幸运做某事be pleased to do sth 满意做某事be successful to do sth 成功做某事= succeed in doing sth be surprised to do sth 吃惊做某事a good time / place / way to do sth 一个做某事的好时间 / 好地方 / 好方法the best time / place / way to do sth 做某事最好的时间 / 地点 / 方法It’s time to do sth=It’s time for sth 是该做某事的时候了;eg: It’s time to go to school = I’s time for school.It’s time for sb to do sth. 该是某人做某事的时间了;※疑问词 + to do stheg: He didn’t know what to do=He didn’t know how to do it.※ It takes / took sb some time to do sth 某人花多长时间做某事此句型中的“it”为形式主语,真正的主语是动词不定式 to do sth = 主语spend some time indoing stheg: It takes me half an hour to go to school on foot every day. 我每天花费半小时步行去学校 = I spend half an hour going to school on foot every day.※ It is + adj / n + for / of sb to do sth 对某人来说做某事………此句型中的“it”为形式主语,真正的主语是动词不定式 to do stheg: It is important for us to study English well. 对我们来说把英语学好很重要;It is our duty to study hard. 努力学习是我们的责任;注意：当此句型中的形容词为涉及某人行为、品质即表扬或批评的相关形容词good；kind善良的；polite有礼貌的；impolite没有礼貌的；generous慷慨的,大方的;foolish / stupid 愚蠢的; rude 粗鲁的………时,句型中的介词用of 而不用for.eg: ①It is kind of you to help me. ② It is impolite of you to smoke in the hospital.※主语 + find / think / make / consider …… + it + adj / n for sb to do sth. 主语发现 / 认为/ 使得 / 认为做某事………此句型中的“it”为形式宾语,真正的宾语是动词不定式 to do stheg: 1 I find it difficult to study English well. 我发现把英语学好很难;2 I don’t think it difficult for a Chinese student to master a foreign language within five years. 我认为对一个中国学生来说在五年之内掌握一门外语是不容易的;3 We consider it our duty to help him. 我们认为帮助他是我们的责任;4 WeChat makes it more convenient for people to communicate with eachother.微信使得人们相互交流更加便捷;2. 谓语动词后接 sb to do 的词有：want = would like =would love 想要 / expect=wish 希望 / tell告诉 / ask , request 要求 / help 帮助 invite 邀请 / teach 教 /warn 警告 remind 提醒 / order命令 / allow=permit 允许 / advise建议 / encourage 鼓励 / call on 号召 / wait for 等待 / warn 警告 /force 强迫……… sb to do sth. 注意：1 如果要把以上句型改为否定句,不能在句型中加助动词“don’t/doesn’t/didn’t”而是直接在 sb 之后加上 not.2 help 之后既可以跟sb to do 也可以跟sb do sth. help sb to do sth= help sb do sth 意为“帮助某人做某事”；help sb with sth 意为“在某方面帮助某人”3 没有没有hope / promise / refuse sb to do sth 这种表达方式,此句式为错误表达.4 没有 feel like sb doing sth 这种表达;eg: Our teacher remind us not to go to the dangerous places. 我们老师提醒我们不要去危险的地方去;3. 谓语动词后只跟doing的动词有：enjoy doing sth 喜欢做某事finish doing sth 完成做某事keep doing sth = keep on doing sth = hold on to doing sth“to”是介词 = stick to doing sth“to”是介词坚持、做某事mind doing sth 介意做某事practise / practice doing sth 实践、练习做某事consider doing sth 考虑做某事avoid doing sth 避免做某事suggest doing sth = advise doing sth 建议做某事imagine doing sth 设想、想像做某事bear doing sth 忍受做某事risk doing sth 冒险做某事miss doing sth 错过做某事allow doing sth = permit doing sth 允许做某事give up doing sth = part with doing sth 放弃做某事put off doing sth 推迟做某事can’t stand doing sth 不能忍受做某事can’t / couldn’t help doing sth = can’t / couldn’t stop doing sth 情不自禁做某事have fun doing sth = have a good / great time doing sth 做某事很开心dream of doing sth 梦想做某事feel like doing sth 想要做某事= want to do sth=would like to do sth=would love to do sthbe worth doing sth 值得做某事be busy doing sth 忙着做某事be busy with sth 忙于某事be afraid of doing sth 害怕做某事=be afraid to do sthbe against doing sth 反对做某事keep sb doing sth 使某人一直做某事end up doing sth 以做某事结束how about doing sth = what about doing sth 做某事怎么样thank you for doing sth = thanks for doing sth 感谢做某事be used to doing sth = get used to doing sth 习惯做某事注意：used to do sth 过去常常做某事；be used to do sth 被用来做某事spend …… in doing sth 花费……时间、金钱做某事succeed in doing sth 成功做某事 = be successful to do sth have trouble / difficulty / problems in doing sth 做某事有困难stop sb from doing sth = prevent sb from doing sth = keep sb from doing sth 阻止某人做某事注意：上面三个句型中“keep sb from doing sth ”中的“from”绝对不能省略,当这三个句型变为被动语态时,三个句型中的“from”都不能省略;即： sb be stopped / prevented /kept from doing sth4. 谓语动词后既可以加 to do 也可以加doing 的动词：1：意义差别不大的动词有：like =love喜欢/ dislike不喜欢/ prefer 更喜欢/ hate讨厌/ begin=start开始 / continue 继续prefer to do sth = prefer doing sth 更喜欢做某事prefer to do A rather than do B = prefer to do A instead of doing B 更喜欢做A 不愿做不B =prefer doing A to doing B 此句式中“to”是介词would rather do A than do B 宁愿做A 不愿做不B2：意义差别很大的结构有：remember / forget / stop / try / mean /go on. remember to do sth 记住去做某事 remember doing sth 记得曾经做过某事forget to do sth 忘记去做某事 forget doing sth 忘记做过某事regret to do sth 遗憾地去做某事 regret doing sth 后悔做过某事stop to do sth 停下来去做另一件事 stop doing sth 停止正在做的事try to do sth 努力做某事 try doing sth 尝试着做某事mean to do sth 打算/企图做某事 mean doing sth 意味着做某事go on to do sth 做完某事接着做另一件事go on doing sth 继续做同一件事5．谓语动词后接 do 的动词有：1 had better not do sth最好做不做某事 / why not do sth = why don’t you do sth 为什么不做某事/ please do sth 请做某事好吗 would rather do A sth than do B sth 宁愿做A 不愿做不B2 could / would / will / can you please not do sth. 请做/ 不要做………好吗3 情态动词：cancould, shall, should, may, might, will, would, must………/ have to / has to / had to ………+ do sth 即动词原形6. 谓语动词后只跟sb do的动词有： let / make / have sb do sth 使、让某人做某事7. 谓语动词后接sb do / doing 的动词主要有：listen to / hear / look at /see / watch / notice注意/ observe观察sb do 听到2个/ 看见5个某人做某事listen to / hear / look at /see / watch / notice / observe / find / discover sb doing sth 听见 / 看见/发现某人正在做某事注意：此句型中的do sth 强调动作的全过程或经常性而doing 强调动作正在进行eg: ① I saw tom cross the street. 我看见汤姆穿过了街道;强调“看见穿的全过程”② I often see Tom play basketball on the playground. 我经常看见汤姆在操场打篮球;强调动作的经常性③ I look out over the window and saw Tom crossing the street.我朝着窗户望去看见汤姆正在穿过街道;强调动作正在进行④ When I passed his room, I heard him practicing playing the piano.当我经过他房间的时候,我听见他正在练习弹钢琴;强调动作正在进行※注意：主动语态中感官动词一感：feel, 二听：listen to, hear,五看：see, watch, look at, notice observe以及使役动词let, have, make 等,之后必须跟省略to的动词不定式即：do sth. 但是,当要把这些含有感官动词和使役动词的句子变为被动语态时,则被省略的“to”必须还原;eg: 主动语态： I saw Tom enter the room just now. 我刚才看见汤姆进入房间了;被动语态：Tom was seen to enter the room just now by me. 我刚才看见汤姆进入房间了;8.主语 + make / keep + 宾语j经常为sth+ adj 作宾语补足语eg: We should make / keep our classroom clean.9. 谓语动词后接 doing主动表被动 / to be done 的动词有：want需要 / need 需要/ require需要注意：此时的want不是意为“想要”而是意为“需要”. sth want /need/ require doing = sth want / need / require to be done “某物需要被做”eg: The computer wants / needs /requires repairing = The computer wants / needs /requires to be repaired. 这个电脑需要被修理;10. have / get sth done 动词的过去分词意为“让别人做某事,使某事被做”eg : ① I have my hair cut. 我让我的头发被剪;别人剪② I have my bike repaired. 我让我的自行车被修理;别人修理③ I get my ear pierced. 我让我的耳朵被穿孔;别人穿孔11. 与give. buy 用法相同的词①与givegive sb sth = give sth to sb用法相同的词有：tell告诉, teach教, show展示, lend借出, return归还, offer提供, rent 租,send寄,post邮寄,sell卖,teach教,hand传递,pass传递,write 写,refuse拒绝,feed喂养,throw扔,promise允诺eg: Will you please show me the way = Will you please show the way to me 请你给我带路好吗②与buybuy sb sth = buy sth for sb 用法相同的词有：purchase购买,cook做饭,make制作,choose选择,build建立,mend修理find找到,paint绘画,fetch取,save储存,order点菜、订购,spare抽出,book订购eg: Her boyfriend bought her a ring = Her boyfriend bought a ring for her. 她男朋友给她买了一枚戒指;Tom made his son a birthday card = Tom made a birthday card for his son.汤姆给他儿子制作了一张生日贺卡;。

非谓语动词的常用结构在句子中充当除谓语以外的句子成分的动词形式叫做非谓语动词。

非谓语动词分为三种形式：不定式，动名词和分词（分词包括现在分词和过去分词）。

1）不定式to do2）动名词doing3）分词doing/done否定形式：not +不定式，not + 动名词，not + 现在分词一、不定式1. 不定式做状语----目的He goes to the playground to play basketball with his friends.2. 不定式充当名词功能To see is to believe.3.常用结构want (sb.) to do sth. 想要(某人)做某事would like (sb) to do sth 想要(某人)做某事wish (sb.) to do sth. 希望(某人)做某事agree sb to do sth 同意(某人)做某事tell (sb.)(not) to do sth 吩咐(某人)做某事ask (sb.)(not)to do sth 要求(某人)做某事(注：ask\tell sb. not to do sth. 叫某人不干某事)invite sb to do sth 邀请(某人)做某事plan to do sth. 计划去干某事hope to do sth 希望去干某事decide to do sth. 决定去干某事can`t wait to do sth. 迫不及待地干某事can`t afford to do sth 承受不了做某事It takes\took sb.+时间、金钱to do sth.某人花费时间、金钱去干某事It’s +adj. for sb. to do sth.It’s +adj. of sb. to do sth. 做某事对某人来说是…(假如Sb be adj 通顺就用of ) It’s better /best to do sth. 最好做某事be afraid to do sth 害怕...干...be excited to do sth 对干.、、、感到兴奋4.注意以下句型的互换:1). too…to do sth. 太…而不能…2). so +adj. /adv + that(从句) 如此…以致…3).such +（a/an +adj.）+n.+ that(从句) 如此…以致…4).(not) enough (for sb.) to do sth. (对某人来说)做某事(不)够二. _ing分词：1.动名词做主语，谓语动词为单数.Eating apples is good for your health.2.做为介词的宾语是动名词Thanks for helping me.3.在进行时态中。

非谓语动词之动词不定式（to do）的用法非谓语动词是指在句子中不是谓语的动词，主要形式有：不定式、动名词和分词（现在分词和过去分词）。

1.“to do”动词不定式的变形2.动词不定式的用法（1）充当主语（一般会用it 当形式主语）To swim here is dangerous. =It is dangerous to swim here.To pass this English exam is unlikely. =（2）充当表语（多数情况下，可以转换成动词不定式做主语）My job is to help with your English learning.To help with your English learning is my job.（3）充当宾语（只能做某些动词的宾语，一般不做介词的宾语；有时用“it”做形式宾语）I decided to attend this meeting last night.I find it necessary to learn a foreign language.注意：当以下动词欲接动词作宾语时，只能跟不定式作宾语。

decide, determine, learn, wish, hopeagree, plan, pretend, dare, refuse, failprepare, try, manage, help, promiseoffer, beg, demand, afford, arrange, be supposed（4）充当宾语补足语I persuaded him to make a speech in public.注意：在感官动词／使役动词／help后（see, hear, watch, notice, make,have, let后不定式做宾补时，可省略“to”）I saw them have a disagreement on who should sweep the floor. （我看到了他们争论的整个过程）但，感官动词后面也可接Ving形式，表示正在进行。