【资格考试】2019最新整理--(备考辅导)考研英语专业考前基础水平模考测试卷二(2)

Text BThe Antler Riddle: Has Lambourne of the Yard been called in 5,000 too late?“Scotland Yard's top fingerprint expert, Detective Chief Superintendent Gerald Lambourne had a request from the British Museum's Prehistoric Department to focus his magnifying glass on a mystery "somewhat outside my usual beat”.This was not a question of Whodunit, but Who Was It. The blunt instruments he pored over were the antlers of red deer, dated by a radio-carbon examination as being up to 5,000 years old. They were used as mining picks by Neolithic man to hack flints and chalk, and the fingerprints he was looking for were of our remote ancestors who had last wielded them.The antlers were unearthed in July during the British Museum's five-year-long excavation at Grime's Graves, near Thetford, Norfolk, a 93-acre site containing more than 600 vertical shafts in the chalk some 40 feet deep. From artifacts found in many parts of Britain it is evident that flint was extensively used by Neolithic man as he slowly learned how to farm land in the period from 3,000 to 1,500 B.C.Flint was especially used for axeheads to clear forests for agriculture, and the quality of the flint on the Norfolk site suggests that the miners there were kept busy with many orders.What excited Mr. G. de G. Sieveking, the museum’s deputy director of the excavations, was the fried mud still sticking to some of them. "Our deduction is that the miners coated the base of the antlers with mud so that they could get a better grip," he says. "The exciting possibility was that fingerprints left in this mud might at last identify as individuals a people who "have left few relics, who could not read or write, but who may have had much more intelligence than has been supposed in the past."Chief Superintendent Lambourne, who four years ago had "assisted" the British Museum by taking the fingerprints of a4,000-year-old Egyptian mummy, spent two hours last week examining about 50 antlers. On some he found minute marks indicating a human grip in the mud. Then on one he found the full imprint of the "ridge structure" of a human hand—that part of the hand just below the fingers where most pressure would be brought to bear in wielding a pick.After 25 years' specialization in the Yard's fingerprints department, Chief Superintendent Lambourne knows all about ridge structures—technically known as the "tri-radiate section".It was his identification of that part of the hand that helped to incriminate some of the Great Train Robbers. In 1975 he discovered similar handprints on a bloodstained tee-marker on a golf-course where a woman had been brutally murdered. They eventually led to the killer, after 4,065 handprints had been taken.Chief Superintendent Lambourne has agreed to visit the Norfolk site during further excavations next summer, when it is hoped that further hand-marked antlers will come to light. But he is cautious about the historic significance of his findings.“Fingerprints and handprints are unique to each individual but they can tell us nothing about the age, physical characteristics, even sex of the person who left them,” he says. “Even the fingerprints of a gorilla could be mistaken for those of a man. But if a number of imprinted antlers are recovered from given shafts on this site I could at least determine which antlers were handled by the same man, and from there might be deduced the number of miners employed in a team.“As an indication of intelligence I might determine which way up the miners held the antlers and how they wielded them."To Mr. Sieveking and his museum colleagues any such findings will be added to their dossier of what might appear to the layman as trivial and unrelated facts but from which might emerge one day an impressive new image of our remote ancestors.14. Mr Lambourne is said to have regarded the examination of the antlers as a taska. rather more difficult than his usual dutiesb. different in nature from routine investigationsc. causing him to leave his usual headquartersd. involving a different technique from the one in which he was qualified15. What was the aim of the investigation referred to in the passage?a. to provide some kind of identification of a few Neolithic menb. to find out more about the period when the antlers were usedc. to discover more about the purpose of the antlersd. to learn more about the type of men who used them16. What had been the principal use of the antlers?a. to obtain the material for useful toolsb. to prepare the fields for cultivationc. to help in removing trees and bushes so that land could be cultivatedd. to make many objects useful in everyday life17. How do archaeologists know that Neolithic men relied considerably on flint?a. they have found holes that were dug with itb. they have discovered many objects made of itc. they have found many fingerprints on tools made of flintd. it was useful in agriculture18. The Museum's deputy director is very interested in the prints becausea. useful facts about this remote period can be learned from themb. they are valuable records of intelligent but illiterate peoplec. very few objects of this remote period have been foundd. the antlers serve as link with actual people who lived at that time19. What is the ultimate value of Lambourne's work?a It has no value as so little of importance can be deducedb It will provide information about the organization of workc. It throws light on an interesting facet of early man's methods of workd It can assist in filling in an increasingly detailed picture。

英语专业考研考前基础英语水平模考测试卷（附答案）英语专业考研考前基础英语水平模考测试卷（附答案）Part I V ocabulary and Grammar (40 points)Directions: The following 40 short statements are provided each with four items. You are to choose for each the best word or phrase in place of the underlined or missing part. Please write your answer on the answer sheet by marking the corresponding letter in each case.1. The police the witness about the accident.A. questionB. askC. interrogateD. inquire2. The salesman his product when challenged.A. soldB. spoke of C stood up for D. stood for3. She makes a rather living as a novelist.A. precariousB. precautionaryC. cautiousD. precocious4. She the chance to spend a whole day with her father. . * 'A. jumped onB. jumped atC. jumped withD. jumped up3. The car to avoid hitting the old man.A. swervedB. rambledC. scurriedD. curtailed6. Anyone who has a sore throat should from alcohol.A. abstainB. retainC. detainD. pertain8. Despite a whole night's emergency treatment, the boy’s condition is still critical and his life is now hanging by aA. threadB. cordC. stringD. rope9. The film was banned officially- because of the language and scenes it contained.A. decentB. optimalC. obsceneD. vicious10. China will continue to to control population growth and improve the living standard of Chinese people.A. strideB. contriveC. striveD. stripe11. He avowed his commitment to those ideals.A. acknowledgedB. convertedC. conformedD. renounced12. The political dissident was accused of instigating a plot to overthrow the government.A. devisingB. supportingC. fundingD. provoking13 I wish you two would stop bickering.A. complaining B quarreling C. bargaining D murmuring14. The defendant is facing severe verdict despite the appeal for clemency by his lawyer.A. forgivingB. releaseC. leniencyD. impartiality15. The little boy listened, enthralled by the Captain’s story.A. fascinatedB. swindledC. shockedD. bored16. I was impressed by his expertise on landing craft.A. encouragementB. special skillC. shrewdnessD. eloquence17. Your action is a breach of our university regulations.A. observationB. violationC. creationD. attack18. Subsequent events vindicated his policy.A. predicateB. swingC. dilateD. verify19. Drug smuggling carries a mandatory death penalty in most countries in the world.A. impulsiveB. multicoloredC. obligatory'D. laughable20. Morality, for him, was doing what is expedient.A. undesirableB. unavailable C advantageous D. inappropriate21 You'd like this one, ?A. don't youB. didn't youC. hadn't youD. wouldn’t you22. Do you happen to know the name of this ?A. beautiful, little, red, butterfly-like insectB. little, beautiful, red, butterfly-like insectC. red, little, beautiful, butterfly-like insectD. red, butterfly-like, beautiful, little insect23. My son walked ten miles today. We never guessed that he could walk far.A. /B. suchC. thatD. as24. If talks for the new trade agreements take , foodindustries in both countries will be seriously affected.A. much too longB. too much longerC. too much longD. much long25. Jim expected nobody in the room.A. there beingB. there beenC. there to beD. there be26. Frankly, I'd rather you anything about it for the time being.A. doB. didn't doC. don’t doD. didn't27. This is a nation which easily to changes.A. adaptsB. is adaptedC. is adaptableD. is adapting28. The young man proved his parents’ expectation.A. worthB. worthyC. worth ofD. worthy of29. After a whole day of hard work, all was a nice meal and a good restA. what he wantedB. which he wantedC. the thing he wantedD. that he wanted30. A modem city has sprung up in was a wasteland ten years agoA. whichB. whatC. thatD. where31. The new litera ture course differs from the old course the students aren’t required to attend lecture.A. in whichB. whichC. in thatD. whereas32. I wonder whether he knows to write a book.A. how great pains it will costB. what great pains will it takeC. what great pains it will cost D what great pains it will take33. college students should learn more about Chinese history.A. 1 consider important thatB. I consider it importantC. I consider what is importantD. I consider it important that34. To a highly imaginative writer, is a pad of paper and a pen.A. all are requiredB. all required isC. all is requiredD. all that is required35. was of no much help to him at that time.A. Little could I doB. What could I do littleC. The little of which 1 could doD. The little that I could do36. Scientists have reached the conclusion the temperature on the earth is getting higher and higher.A. whenB. butC. thatD. for that37. The teacher said, "It's time you your ora l presentatio n.”A. beganB. should beginC. beginD. are beginning38. You and I could hardly understand each other, ?A. could IB. couldn't youC. could weD. couldn't we39. A clue Americans may have been more honest in the past lies in the Abe Lincoln story.A. as for whyB. as to whatC. as to which D as to why40. Petroleum is to industry blood is to man.A. thatB. as ifC. whatD. whichPart II Cloze Test (20 points) "Directions: Read the passage below carefully and choose thebest answer from those given. Write your choice on the answer sheet by marking the corresponding letter in each case.The tuberculosis situation in China is worsening again. It cannot be 1 unless the current situation which China has Four Highs and One Low is changed. The Four Highs and the One Low means a high infection rate, a high drug 2 rate, a high death rate, a high__3 of infection, and a low rate of decline changes.Experts say that China is one of the twenty-two countries in the world with the highest tuberculosis 4 China ranks second in the world in the 5 number of the people who have TB. Over 500 million Chinese have been 6 to the TB bacillus, six million have active TB and two million are 7 carriers of the disease. Over two hundred and fifty thousand Chinese die each year from TB. This is twice as many as those who die 8 all of China' s other contagious diseases 9 The rate of TB in the Chinese countryside is 2.4 times 10 in the city. In China, as in other countries, at lease half of the 11 active TB cases, and deaths are in women.Children are the most 12 to infection of all. 13 statistics, the TB death rate among children aged 0-4 are 0.8 per 100,000 and 0.5 per 100,000. A 14 found that about half of the TB 15 people have not been found and registered. For 16 reasons, about 65.9 per cent of the people with TB symptoms are not 17 having TB. Experts warn that no disease compares with TB in the damage it 18 on families and the harm it does to China’s economic development. Seventy-five percent of the people with active TB cases 19 in the 15-34 age group, the most 20 age group. This means that China loses 360 million working days each year to TB.1. A. beaten B. conquered C. overcome D. defeated2. A. resistance B. injection C. inferior D. resistable3. A. incidence B. incident C. accident D. accidence4. A. burden B. load C. cargo D. freight5. A. whole B. large C. imaginary D. total6. A. revealed B. revealing C. exposed D. exposing7. A. contagious B. conscientious C. continuous D. consecutive8. A. away B. down C. off D. from9. A. joined B. added C. united D. combined10. A. that B. than C as D. less11. A. infections B. infectious C. affection D. infectants12. A. fragile B. vulnerable C. feeble D. crisp13. A. On the contrary B. According to C. With respect to D. In addition to14. A. research B. inspect C. survey D. study15. A. opposite B. negative C. opponent D. positive16. A. disparate B. desperate C. various D. distinct17. A. diagnosed as B. diagnosed to C. diagnosed about D. diagnosed with18. A. inflicts B. affiliates C. afflicts D. conflicts19. A. is B. are C. have D. has20. A. prospective B. productive C. predictable D. prudentPart III Reading Comprehension (40 points)Section A (30 points)Directions: There are 4 reading passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are some choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer SheetQuestions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage.The decline of traditional religion in the West has not removed the need for men and women to find a deeper meaningbehind existence. Why is the world the way it is and how do we, as conscious individuals, fit into the great scheme?There is a growing feeling that science, especially what is known as the new physics, can provide answers where religion remains vague and faltering. Many people in search of a meaning to their lives are finding enlightenment in the revolutionary developments at the frontiers of science. Much to the bewilderment of professional scientists, quasi-religious cults are being formed around such unlikely topics as quantum physics, space-time relativity, black holes and the big bang.How can physics, with its reputation for cold precision and objective materialism, provide such fertile soil for the mystical? The truth is that the spirit of scientific inquiry has undergone a remarkable transformation over the past 50 years. The twin revolutions of the theory of relativity, with its space-warps and time-warps, and the quantum theory, which reveals the shadowy and unsubstantial nature of atoms, have demolished the classical image of a clockwork universe slavishly unfolding along a predetermined pathway. Replacing this sterile mechanism is a world full of shifting indeterminism and subtle interactions that have no counterpart in daily experience, To study the new physics is to embark on a journey of wonderment and paradox, to glimpse the universe in a novel perspective, in which subject and object, mind and matter, force and field, become intertwined. Even the creation of the universe itself has fallen within the province of scientific inquiry.The new cosmology provides, for the first time, a consistent picture of how all physical structures, including space and time, came to exist out of nothing. We are moving towards an understanding in which matter, force, order and creation areunified into a single descriptive theme.Many of us who work in fundamental physics are deeply impressed by the harmony and orderwhich pervades the physical world. To me laws of the universe, from quarks to quasars, dovetail together so felicitously that the impression there is something behind it all seems overwhelming. The laws of physics are so remarkably clever they can surely only be a manifestation of genius.l. The author says people nowadays find that traditional religion isA. a form of reassuranceB. inadequate to their needsC. responding to scientific progressD. developing in strange ways2. Scientists find the new cults bewildering because they areA. too reactionaryB. based on false evidenceC. derived from inappropriate sourcesD. too subjective3. Which phrase in paragraph 3 suggests that the universe is like a machine?A. Cold precision and objective materialism.B. The shadowy and unsubstantial nature of atoms.C. Slavishly unfolding along a predetermined pathway.D. Shifting Indeterminism and subtle interactions.4. The new physics is exciting because itA. offers a comprehensive explanation of the universeB. proves the existence of a ruling intelligenceC. incorporates the work of men of geniusD. makes scientific theories easier to understand5. The author of this passage isA. a minister of religionB. a research scientistC. science fiction writerD. a journalistQuestions 6 to 16 are based on the following passage.Suddenly Lady Windermere looked eagerly round the room, and said, in her clear contralto voice, "where is my chiromantist?""Your what, Gladys?" exclaimed the Duchess, trying to remember what a chiromantist really was, and hoping it was not the same as a chiropodist."my chiromantist, Duchess; I can't live without him at present.I must certainly introduce him to you.”"Introduce him!" cried the Duchess. “You don't mean to say he is here?" She began looking about for a small tortoiseshell fan and a very tattered lace shawl so as to be ready to go at a moment's notice."Of course he is here; 1 would not dream of giving a party without him. He tells me I have a pure psychic hand.""Oh, 1 see!" said the Duchess, feeling very much relieved. "He tells fortunes, I suppose?""And misfortunes, too" answered Lady Windermere. "Any amount of them. Next year, for instance, I am in great danger, both by land and sea, so J am going to live in a balloon, and draw up my dinner in a basket every evening. It is all written down on my little finger, or on the palm of my hand. I forgot which." "But surely that is tempting Providence, Gladys." "My dear Duchess, surely Providence can resist temptation by this time. Everyone should have their hands told once a month, so as to know what not to do. Of course, one does it all the same, but it is so pleasantto be warned. Ah, here is Mr. Podgers! Now, Mr. Podgers, I want you to tell the Duchess of Paisley's hand.""Dear Gladys, I really don't think it is quite right," said the Duchess, feebly unbuttoning a rather soiled kid glove."Nothing interesting ever is," said Lady Windmere. "But 1 must introduce you. Duchess, this is Mr. Podgers, my pet chiromantist. Mr. Podgers, this is the Duchess of Paisley, and if you say that she has a larger mountain of the moon than I have, I will never believe you again.""1 am sure, Gladys, there is nothing of the kind in my hand," said the Duchess gravely."Your grace is quite right," said Mr. Podgers, glancing at the little fat hand."The mountain of the moon is not developed. The line of life, however, is excellent You will live to a great age, Duchess, and be extremely happy. Ambition—very moderate, line of intellect not exaggerated, line of heart——”"Now. do be indiscreet, Mr. Podgers," cried Lady Windermere."Nothing would give me greater pleasure," said Mr. Podgers, bowing, "if the Duchess ever had been, but I am sorry to say that I see great permanence of affection, combined with a strong sense of duty.""Pray go on, Mr. Podgers," said the Duchess, looking quite pleased."Economy is not the least of your Grace's virtues," continued Mr. Podgers, and lady Windermere went off into fits of laughter.“Economy is a very good thing, remarked the Duchess complacently. When I married Paisley he had eleven castles, and not a single house fit to live in.""And now he has twelve houses, and not a single castle,"criedLady Windmere." "you have told the Duchess's character admirably, Mr. Podgers, and now you must tell Lady Flora's." In answer to a nod, a tall girl stepped awkwardly from behind the sofa and held out a long, bony hand."Ah, a pianist!" said Mr. Podgers. “Very reserved, very honest, and with a great love of animals.”"Quite true!" exclaimed the Duchess, turning to Lady Windermere. "Flora keeps two dozen collie dogs at Macloskie, and would turn our town house into a menagerie if her father would let her.""Well, that is just what I do with my house every Thursday evening," cried Lady Windermere, laughing. "Only I like lions better than collie dogs, But Mr. Podgers must read some more hands for us. Come, Lady Marvel, show him yours."But Lady Marvel entirely declined to have her past or her future exposed. In fact, many people seemed afraid to face the odd little man with his stereotyped smile and his bright, beady eyes; and when he told poor Lady Fermor right out before everyone that she did not care a bit for music, but was extremely fond of musicians, it was generally felt that chiromancy was a most dangerous science, and one that ought not to be encouraged, except in private.Lord Arthur Savile, however, who did not know anything about Lady Fermor's unfortunate story, was filled with curiosity to have his own hand read, and feeling somewhat shy about putting himself forward, crossed to where Lady Windermere was sitting and asked her if she thought Mr. Podgers would mind."Of course he won't mind," said Lady Windermere. "That is what he is here for. All my lions, Lord Arthur, are performing lions,and jump through hoops whenever I ask them."6. Lady Windermere's statement that she "can't live without" (line 5) her chiromantist is an example of .A. witB. satireC. exaggerationD. generalization7 The Duchess wants to "be ready to go at a moment's notice" (line 7) because sheA. is afraid of chiropodistsB. is tired of Lady WindermereC. thinks having her fortune told would be tempting ProvidenceD. does not want to meet Mr. Podgers8. The passage suggests that the Duchess wears a tattered shawl and soiled gloves because sheA. likes to save moneyB. cannot afford to buy nicer onesC. cares little about appearanceD. prefer to buy nice things for her home9. Lady Windermere's plan to live in a balloon and draw up her dinner in a basket indicates herA .desire to impress the DuchessB. inability to separate reality from fantasyC. whimsical attitude toward fortune-tellingD. respect for the accuracy of Mr. Podger's fortunes10. Lady Windermere's speech in lines21-24 shows that she _______A. likes to give advice to othersB. dislike knowing what is going to happen to herC. believes that Mr. Podgers has amazing and uncanny powersD. does not take either Providence or chiromancy very seriously.11. The Duchess says, "I really don't think it is quite right" in line 26 because sheA. has philosophical and moral objections to fortune-tellingB. thinks that trying to discern the future could be dangerousC. does not like to do what Lady Windermere tells her to doD. believes that Mr. Podgers is likely to predict bad events in her future12. Lady Windermere's use of the phrase “my pet chiromantist” suggests that Lady WindermereA. provide for Mr. Podgers's needB. perceives Mr. Podgers's devotion to herC. feels possessive toward Mr PodgersD. likes to belittle Mr. Podgers in front of her friends13. By characterizing the Duchess's line of intellect as "not exaggerated", Mr. Podgers shows himself to beA. tactfulB. disdainfulC. imaginativeD. suspicious14. The Duchess looks "quite pleased" because .A. her future is brighter than is Lady windermere'sB. her fear about tempting Providence have been allayedC. Mr. Podgers has not suggested any danger in her immediate futureD. Mr. Podgers has described her characteristics positively15. In addition to telling people's fortunes, Mr. Podgers .A. describes their characteristicsB. describes their past endeavorsC. describes their present occupationD. encourages their unspoken plansQuestions 16 to 20 are based on the following passage.Extraordinary creative activity has been characterized as revolutionary, flying in the face of what is established and producing not what is acceptable but what will become accepted. According to this formulation, highly creative activity transcends the limits of an existing form and establishes a new principle of organization. However, the idea that extraordinary creativity transcends established limits is misleading when it is applied to the arts, even though it may be valid for the sciences. Differences between highly creative art and highly creative science arise in part from differences in their goals. For the sciences, a new theory is the goal and end result of the creative act. Innovative science produces new propositions in terms of which diverse phenomena can be related to one another in more coherent ways. Such phenomena as a brilliant diamond or a nesting bird are relegated to the role of data, serving as the means for formulating or testing a new theory. The goal of highly creative art is very different: the phenomenon itself becomes the direct product of the creative act. Shakespeare's Hamlet is not a tract about the behavior of indecisive princes or the uses of political power, nor is Picasso's painting Guernica primarily a prepositional statement about the Spanish Civil War or the evils of fascism. What highly creative artistic activity produces is not a new generalization that transcends established limits, but rather an aesthetic particular. Aesthetic particulars produced by the highly creative artist extend or exploit, in an innovative way, the limitsof an existing form, rather than transcend that form.This is not to deny that a highly creative artist sometimes establishes a new principle of organization in the history of an artistic field: the composer Monteverdi, who created music of the highest aesthetic value, comes to mind. More generally, however, whether or not a composition establishes a new principle in the history of music has little bearing on its aesthetic worth. Because they embody a new principle of organization, some musical works, such as the operas of the Florentine Camerata, are of signal historical importance, but few listeners or musicologists would include these among the great works of music. On the other hand, Mozart's The Marriage of Figaro is surely among the masterpieces of music even though its modest innovations are confined to extending existing means. It has been said of Beethoven that he toppled the rules and freed music from the stifling confines of convention. But a close study of his compositions reveals that Beethoven overturned no fundamental rules. Rather, he was an incomparable strategist who exploited limits the rules, forms, and conventions that he inherited from predecessors such as Haydn and Mozart, Handel and Bach in strikingly original ways.16. The author considers a new theory that coherently relates diverse phenomena to one another to be the .A. basis for reaffirming a well-established scientific formulationB. byproduct of an aesthetic experienceC. tool used by a scientist to discover a new particularD. result of highly creative scientific activity17. The passage supplies information for answering all of the following questions EXCEPT:A. Has unusual creative activity been characterized as revolutionary?B. Did Beethoven work within a musical tradition that also Included Handel and Bach?C. Is Mozart's The Marriage of Figaro an example of a creative work that transcended limits?D. Who besides Monteverdi wrote music that the author would consider to embody new principles of organization and to be of high aesthetic value?18. The author regards the idea that all highly creative artistic activity transcends limits with .A. deep skepticismB. strong indignationC. marked indifferenceD. moderate amusement19. The author implies that an innovative scientific contribution is one thatA. is cited with high frequency in the publications of other scientistsB. is accepted immediately by the scientific communityC does not relegate particulars to the role of dataD introduces a new valid generalization20. Which of the following statements would most logically conclude the last paragraph of the passage?A. Unlike Beethoven, however, even the greatest of modern composers, such as Stravinsky, did not transcend existing musical forms.B. In a similar fashion, existing musical forms were even further exploited by the next generation of great European composers.C. Thus, many of the great composers displayed the same combination of talents exhibited by Monteverdi.D. By contrast, the view that creativity in the arts exploits but does not transcend limits is supported in the field of literature.Section B (10 points)Directions: Read the following passage carefully and give answers to the five questions. Write your answers on the Answer Sheet.By the mid century there emerged a trend in writing that favored a new approach to constructing the novel that abandoned many of the time-honored traditions of form. In deed, there has been debate about whether many of the works of the times should rightly be considered novels at all. Although not all writers of the period pursued experimental methods, two of them, William Burroughs and Henry Miller, served as exemplary figures.William Burroughs published journals depicting his travels through South America and North Africa. He was heavily influenced by his encounter with foreign languages and associations with strange customs. The impact of his experiences on his writing led to a uniquely detached style. Often it is difficult to determine who is telling the stories, or where the characters have come from. In his most celebrated work Naked Lunch, Burroughs is said to have physically cut up the manuscript and pasted it back together, to further disturb the conventional notion of narration. Although these writing techniques did not boost initial sales of his works, American academia accepts him as an important practitioner of literary theory.Henry Miller wrote about his personal life in a depth that previous authors had avoided. In order to better expose compulsive desires, he used very graphic language to describethe details of his intimate relationships. His books Tropic of Capricorn and Tropic of Cancer were banned in some states when they were first published. Although there are disagreements about Miller's moral positions, he is acknowledged as an important contributor to mid-twentieth century American fiction.21. What is the main topic of this passage?22. What did the passage preceding this one probably discuss?23. What can we assume about Burroughs' earlier works?24. What is the most difficult aspect of reading the book Naked Lunch?25. What can we infer about the works of the two men?Part IV Translation (30 points)Section A E-C translation (15 points)Directions; Read the following passage carefully aid translate it into good Chinese. Write your translation on the answer sheet.Translating versus interpretingSome problems arise because people think of translating and interpreting as being two entirely different kinds of operations, one written and the other spoken. But both are part of the same act of producing in a receptor language the closest natural equivalent of the source text, whether spoken or written. The significant differences are the speed with which an interpreter must make decisions, the enormous tension to keep up with the rapid flow of spoken language, the background knowledge necessary for instant recall, and the willingness to produce something that may not be "perfect." In fact, no interpretation is ever perfect.Interpreting can, however, be an important plus for a translator, because it immediately forces him or her to be up to。

【导语】成功根本没有秘诀可⾔，如果有的话，就有两个：第⼀个就是坚持到底，永不⾔弃；第⼆个就是当你想放弃的时候，回过头来看看第⼀个秘诀，坚持到底，永不⾔弃，祝⼤家跟着成功的步伐，努⼒备考，考⼊理想院校。

以下是⽆忧考为⼤家整理的《2019考研英语辅导模拟卷【1-5】》供您查阅。

【第⼀篇】The success of Augustus owed much to the character of Roman theorizing about the state. The Romans did not produce ambitious blueprints1 the construction of idea__l__ states，such as__2__ to the Greeks. With very few exceptions，Roman theorists ignored，or rejected__3__ valueless，intellectual exercises like Plato‘s Republic，in__4__ the relationship of the individual to the state was__5__ out painstakingly without reference to__6__ states or individuals. The closest the Roman came to the Greek model was Cicero’s De Re Publica，and even here Cicero had Rome clearly in __7__. Roman thought about the state was concrete，even when it__8__ religious and moral concepts. The first ruler ofRome，Romulus，was__9__ to have received authority from the gods，specifically from Jupiter，the“guarantor”of Rome. All constitutional__10__was a method of conferring and administering the__11__. Very clearly it was believed that only the assembly of the__12__，the family heads who formed the original senate，__13__the religious character necessary to exercise authority，because its original function was to__14__the gods. Being practical as well as exclusive，the senators moved__15__to divide the authority，holding that their consuls，or chief officials，would possess it on__16__months，and later extending its possession to lower officials.__17__the important achievement was to create the idea ofcontinuing__18__authority embodied only temporarily in certain upper-class individuals and conferred only__19__the mass of the people concurred. The system grew with enormous __20__，as new offices and assemblies were created and almost none discarded. 1.[A] with [B] for [C] in [D] to 2. [A] tempted [B] attracted [C] appealed [D] transferred 3. [A] on [B] for [C] as [D] about 4. [A] which [B] that [C] what [D] it 5. [A] turned [B] worked [C] brought [D] made 6. [A] special [B] specific [C] peculiar [D] particular 7. [A] existence [B] store [C] reality [D] mind 8. [A] abandoned [B] caught [C] separated [D] involved 9. [A] told [B] held [C] suggested [D] advised 10. [A] tendency [B] procedure [C] development [D] relation 11. [A] authority [B] power [C] control [D] ruling 12. [A] officers [B] men [C] administrators [D] fathers 13. [A] possessed [B] claimed [C] assured [D] enforced 14. [A] confirm [B] confer [C] consult [D] consider 15. [A] over [B] along [C] on [D] about 16. [A] alternate [B] different [C] varied [D] several 17. [A] And [B] So [C] Or [D] But 18. [A] state [B] country [C] people [D] national 19. [A] as [B] when [C] if [D] so 20. [A] dimension [B] complexity [C] exercise [D] function 答案1. B2. C3. C4. A5. B6. D7.D8.D9. B 10. C 11. A 12. D 13.A 14.C 15. C 16. A 17. D 18. A 19. B 20. B 总体分析 本⽂介绍了罗马⼈有关国家建设的理论。

考研英语(一)分类模拟题2019年(15)(总分80, 做题时间90分钟)Section Ⅰ Use of EnglishSkyrocketing salaries, foreign workers, and raids on other corporations for talents are all becoming part of 1 as usual for many technology-based corporations today.These 2 are not cold-blooded; they have simply become necessary for 3 in the current technology explosion, which has caused a 4 shortage of qualified talents. This shortage will only increase as the world continues to move online.Is there a better way to get talented employeeswithout 5 under qualified college graduates and paying for extensive training to get them up to par? There is. **panycan 6 in education.It's easier 7 you think locally, not globally. Find a 8 college or university that offers a major in **pany's field and build a 9 with it.Starting small is a good idea. Call the college, talk tothe 10 department head, and offer **pany's assistance. Offering the school a chance to train students 11 **pany's software or hardware 12 that there will be more people trained in the use of these products. 13 adds to **pany's market share and potential employee 14 , and enhances its public image. 15 may qualify **pany for tax deductions, which can help increase its bottom 16 .What's the next step? 17 those better-educated college students into employable talents by becoming a(an) 18 site for the school. Internships **panies a chance to 19 the education of students through real-world experience while 20 out prospective employees without incurring huge expenses.SSS_SIMPLE_SIN1.•**•**•****A B C D该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 0.5答案:D语义衔接题。

Part II Cloze Test (20 points) "Directions: Read the passage below carefully and choose the best answer from those given. Write your choice on the answer sheet by marking the corresponding letter in each case.The tuberculosis situation in China is worsening again. It cannot be 1 unless the current situation which China has Four Highs and One Low is changed. The Four Highs and the One Low means a high infection rate, a high drug 2 rate, a high death rate, a high__3 of infection, and a low rate of decline changes.Experts say that China is one of the twenty-two countries in the world with the highest tuberculosis 4 China ranks second in the world in the 5 number of the people who have TB. Over 500 million Chinese have been 6 to the TB bacillus, six million have active TB and two million are 7 carriers of the disease. Over two hundred and fifty thousand Chinese die each year from TB. This is twice as many as those who die 8 all of China' s other contagious diseases 9The rate of TB in the Chinese countryside is 2.4 times 10 in the city. In China, as in other countries, at lease half of the 11 active TB cases, and deaths are in women.Children are the most 12 to infection of all. 13 statistics, the TB death rate among children aged 0-4 are 0.8 per 100,000 and 0.5 per 100,000. A 14 found that about half of the TB 15 people have not been found and registered. For 16 reasons, about 65.9 per cent of the people with TB symptoms are not 17 having TB. Experts warn that no disease compares with TB in the damage it 18 on families and the harm it does to China’s economic development. Seventy-five percent of the people with active TB cases 19 in the 15-34 age group, the most 20 age group. This means that China loses 360 million working days each year to TB.1. A. beaten B. conquered C. overcome D. defeated2. A. resistance B. injection C. inferior D. resistable3. A. incidence B. incident C. accident D. accidence4. A. burden B. load C. cargo D. freight5. A. whole B. large C. imaginary D. total6. A. revealed B. revealing C. exposed D. exposing7. A. contagious B. conscientious C. continuous D. consecutive8. A. away B. down C. off D. from9. A. joined B. added C. united D. combined10. A. that B. than C as D. less11. A. infections B. infectious C. affection D. infectants12. A. fragile B. vulnerable C. feeble D. crisp13. A. On the contrary B. According to C. With respect to D. In addition to14. A. research B. inspect C. survey D. study15. A. opposite B. negative C. opponent D. positive16. A. disparate B. desperate C. various D. distinct17. A. diagnosed as B. diagnosed to C. diagnosed about D. diagnosed with18. A. inflicts B. affiliates C. afflicts D. conflicts19. A. is B. are C. have D. has20. A. prospective B. productive C. predictable D. prudentPart III Reading Comprehension (40 points)Section A (30 points)Directions: There are 4 reading passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are some choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer SheetQuestions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage.The decline of traditional religion in the West has not removed the need for men and women to find a deeper meaning behind existence. Why is the world the way it is and how do we, as conscious individuals, fit into the great scheme?There is a growing feeling that science, especially what is known as the new physics, can provide answers where religion remains vague and faltering. Many people in search of a meaning to their lives are finding enlightenment in the revolutionary developments at the frontiers of science. Much to the bewilderment of professional scientists, quasi-religious cults are being formed around such unlikely topics as quantum physics, space-time relativity, black holes and the big bang.How can physics, with its reputation for cold precision and objective materialism, provide such fertile soil for the mystical? The truth is that the spirit of scientific inquiry has undergone a remarkable transformation over the past 50 years. The twin revolutions of the theory of relativity, with its space-warps and time-warps, and the quantum theory, which reveals the shadowy and unsubstantial nature of atoms, have demolished the classical image of a clockwork universe slavishly unfolding along a predetermined pathway. Replacing this sterile mechanism is a world full of shifting indeterminism and subtle interactions that have no counterpart in daily experience,To study the new physics is to embark on a journey of wonderment and paradox, to glimpse the universe in a novel perspective, in which subject and object, mind and matter, force and field, become intertwined. Even the creation of the universe itself has fallen within the province of scientific inquiry.The new cosmology provides, for the first time, a consistent picture of how all physical structures, including space and time, came to exist out of nothing. We are moving towards an understanding in which matter, force, order and creation are unified into a single descriptive theme.Many of us who work in fundamental physics are deeply impressed by the harmony and order which pervades the physical world. To me laws of the universe, from quarks to quasars, dovetail together so felicitously that the impression there is something behind it all seems overwhelming. The laws of physics are so remarkably clever they can surely only be a manifestation of genius.l. The author says people nowadays find that traditional religion isA. a form of reassuranceB. inadequate to their needsC. responding to scientific progressD. developing in strange ways2. Scientists find the new cults bewildering because they areA. too reactionaryB. based on false evidenceC. derived from inappropriate sourcesD. too subjective3. Which phrase in paragraph 3 suggests that the universe is like a machine?A. Cold precision and objective materialism.B. The shadowy and unsubstantial nature of atoms.C. Slavishly unfolding along a predetermined pathway.D. Shifting Indeterminism and subtle interactions.4. The new physics is exciting because itA. offers a comprehensive explanation of the universeB. proves the existence of a ruling intelligenceC. incorporates the work of men of geniusD. makes scientific theories easier to understand5. The author of this passage isA. a minister of religionB. a research scientistC. science fiction writerD. a journalist。

Questions 6 to 16 are based on the following passage.Suddenly Lady Windermere looked eagerly round the room, and said, in her clear contralto voice, "where is my chiromantist?""Your what, Gladys?" exclaimed the Duchess, trying to remember what a chiromantist really was, and hoping it was not the same as a chiropodist."my chiromantist, Duchess; I can't live without him at present. I must certainly introduce him to you.”"Introduce him!" cried the Duchess. “You don't mean to say he is here?" She began looking about for a small tortoiseshell fan and a very tattered lace shawl so as to be ready to go at a moment's notice."Of course he is here; 1 would not dream of giving a party without him. He tells me I have a pure psychic hand.""Oh, 1 see!" said the Duchess, feeling very much relieved. "He tells fortunes, I suppose?""And misfortunes, too" answered Lady Windermere. "Any amount of them. Next year, for instance, I am in great danger, both by land and sea, so J am going to live in a balloon, and draw up my dinner in a basket every evening. It is all written down on my little finger, or on the palm of my hand. I forgot which." "But surely that is tempting Providence, Gladys." "My dear Duchess, surely Providence can resist temptation by this time. Everyone should have their hands told once a month, so as to know what not to do. Of course, one does it all the same, but it is so pleasant to be warned. Ah, here is Mr. Podgers! Now, Mr. Podgers, I want you to tell the Duchess of Paisley's hand.""Dear Gladys, I really don't think it is quite right," said the Duchess, feebly unbuttoning a rather soiled kid glove."Nothing interesting ever is," said Lady Windmere. "But 1 must introduce you. Duchess, this is Mr. Podgers, my pet chiromantist. Mr. Podgers, this is the Duchess of Paisley, and if you say that she has a larger mountain of the moon than I have, I will never believe you again.""1 am sure, Gladys, there is nothing of the kind in my hand," said the Duchess gravely."Your grace is quite right," said Mr. Podgers, glancing at the little fat hand."The mountain of the moon is not developed. The line of life, however, is excellent You will live to a great age, Duchess, and be extremely happy. Ambition—very moderate, line of intellect not exaggerated, line of heart——”"Now. do be indiscreet, Mr. Podgers," cried Lady Windermere."Nothing would give me greater pleasure," said Mr. Podgers, bowing, "if the Duchess ever had been, but I am sorry to say that I see great permanence of affection, combined with a strong sense of duty.""Pray go on, Mr. Podgers," said the Duchess, looking quite pleased."Economy is not the least of your Grace's virtues," continued Mr. Podgers, and lady Windermere went off into fits of laughter.“Economy is a very good thing, remarked the Duchess complacently. When I married Paisley he had eleven castles, and not a single house fit to live in.""And now he has twelve houses, and not a single castle," criedLady Windmere." "you have told the Duchess's character admirably, Mr. Podgers, and now you must tell Lady Flora's." In answer to a nod, a tall girl stepped awkwardly from behind the sofa and held out a long, bony hand."Ah, a pianist!" said Mr. Podgers. “Very reserved, very honest, and with a great love of animals.”"Quite true!" exclaimed the Duchess, turning to Lady Windermere. "Flora keeps two dozen collie dogs at Macloskie, and would turn our town house into a menagerie if her father would let her.""Well, that is just what I do with my house every Thursday evening," cried Lady Windermere, laughing. "Only I like lions better than collie dogs, But Mr. Podgers must read some more hands for us. Come, Lady Marvel, show him yours."But Lady Marvel entirely declined to have her past or her future exposed. In fact, many people seemed afraid to face the odd little man with his stereotyped smile and his bright, beady eyes; and when he told poor Lady Fermor right out before everyone that she did not care a bit for music, but was extremely fond of musicians, it was generally felt that chiromancy was a most dangerous science, and one that ought not to be encouraged, except in private.Lord Arthur Savile, however, who did not know anything about Lady Fermor's unfortunate story, was filled with curiosity to have his own hand read, and feeling somewhat shy about putting himself forward, crossed to where Lady Windermere was sitting and asked her if she thought Mr. Podgers would mind."Of course he won't mind," said Lady Windermere. "That is what he is here for. All my lions, Lord Arthur, are performing lions, and jump through hoops whenever I ask them."6. Lady Windermere's statement that she "can't live without" (line 5) her chiromantist is an example of .A. witB. satireC. exaggerationD. generalization7 The Duchess wants to "be ready to go at a moment's notice" (line 7) because sheA. is afraid of chiropodistsB. is tired of Lady WindermereC. thinks having her fortune told would be tempting ProvidenceD. does not want to meet Mr. Podgers8. The passage suggests that the Duchess wears a tattered shawl and soiled gloves because sheA. likes to save moneyB. cannot afford to buy nicer onesC. cares little about appearanceD. prefer to buy nice things for her home9. Lady Windermere's plan to live in a balloon and draw up her dinner in a basket indicates herA .desire to impress the DuchessB. inability to separate reality from fantasyC. whimsical attitude toward fortune-tellingD. respect for the accuracy of Mr. Podger's fortunes10. Lady Windermere's speech in lines21-24 shows that she _______A. likes to give advice to othersB. dislike knowing what is going to happen to herC. believes that Mr. Podgers has amazing and uncanny powersD. does not take either Providence or chiromancy very seriously.11. The Duchess says, "I really don't think it is quite right" in line 26 because sheA. has philosophical and moral objections to fortune-tellingB. thinks that trying to discern the future could be dangerousC. does not like to do what Lady Windermere tells her to doD. believes that Mr. Podgers is likely to predict bad events in her future12. Lady Windermere's use of the phrase “my pet chiromantist” suggests that Lady WindermereA. provide for Mr. Podgers's needB. perceives Mr. Podgers's devotion to herC. feels possessive toward Mr PodgersD. likes to belittle Mr. Podgers in front of her friends13. By characterizing the Duchess's line of intellect as "not exaggerated", Mr. Podgers shows himself to beA. tactfulB. disdainfulC. imaginativeD. suspicious14. The Duchess looks "quite pleased" because .A. her future is brighter than is Lady windermere'sB. her fear about tempting Providence have been allayedC. Mr. Podgers has not suggested any danger in her immediate futureD. Mr. Podgers has described her characteristics positively15. In addition to telling people's fortunes, Mr. Podgers .A. describes their characteristicsB. describes their past endeavorsC. describes their present occupationD. encourages their unspoken plans。

Questions 16 to 20 are based on the following passage.Extraordinary creative activity has been characterized as revolutionary, flying in the face of what is established and producing not what is acceptable but what will become accepted. According to this formulation, highly creative activity transcends the limits of an existing form and establishes a new principle of organization. However, the idea that extraordinary creativity transcends established limits is misleading when it is applied to the arts, even though it may be valid for the sciences. Differences between highly creative art and highly creative science arise in part from differences in their goals. For the sciences, a new theory is the goal and end result of the creative act. Innovative science produces new propositions in terms of which diverse phenomena can be related to one another in more coherent ways. Such phenomena as a brilliant diamond or a nesting bird are relegated to the role of data, serving as the means for formulating or testing a new theory. The goal of highly creative art is very different: the phenomenon itself becomes the direct product of the creative act. Shakespeare's Hamlet is not a tract about the behavior of indecisive princes or the uses of political power, nor is Picasso's painting Guernica primarily a prepositional statement about the Spanish Civil War or the evils of fascism. What highly creative artistic activity produces is not a new generalization that transcends established limits, but rather an aesthetic particular. Aesthetic particulars produced by the highly creative artist extend or exploit, in an innovative way, the limits of an existing form, rather than transcend that form.This is not to deny that a highly creative artist sometimes establishes a new principle of organization in the history of an artistic field: the composer Monteverdi, who created music of the highest aesthetic value, comes to mind. More generally, however, whether or not a composition establishes a new principle in the history of music has little bearing on its aesthetic worth. Because they embody a new principle of organization, some musical works, such as the operas of the Florentine Camerata, are of signal historical importance, but few listeners or musicologists would include these among the great works of music. On the other hand, Mozart's The Marriage of Figaro is surely among the masterpieces of music even though its modest innovations are confined to extending existing means. It has been said of Beethoven that he toppled the rules and freed music from the stifling confines of convention. But a close study of his compositions reveals that Beethoven overturned no fundamental rules. Rather, he was an incomparable strategist who exploited limits the rules, forms, and conventions that he inherited from predecessors such as Haydn and Mozart, Handel and Bach in strikingly original ways.16. The author considers a new theory that coherently relates diverse phenomena to one another to be the .A. basis for reaffirming a well-established scientific formulationB. byproduct of an aesthetic experienceC. tool used by a scientist to discover a new particularD. result of highly creative scientific activity17. The passage supplies information for answering all of the following questions EXCEPT:A. Has unusual creative activity been characterized as revolutionary?B. Did Beethoven work within a musical tradition that also Included Handel and Bach?C. Is Mozart's The Marriage of Figaro an example of a creative work that transcended limits?D. Who besides Monteverdi wrote music that the author would consider to embody new principles of organization and to be of high aesthetic value?18. The author regards the idea that all highly creative artistic activity transcends limits with .A. deep skepticismB. strong indignationC. marked indifferenceD. moderate amusement19. The author implies that an innovative scientific contribution is one thatA. is cited with high frequency in the publications of other scientistsB. is accepted immediately by the scientific communityC does not relegate particulars to the role of dataD introduces a new valid generalization20. Which of the following statements would most logically conclude the last paragraph of the passage?A. Unlike Beethoven, however, even the greatest of modern composers, such as Stravinsky, did not transcend existing musical forms.B. In a similar fashion, existing musical forms were even further exploited by the next generation of great European composers.C. Thus, many of the great composers displayed the same combination of talents exhibited by Monteverdi.D. By contrast, the view that creativity in the arts exploits but does not transcend limits is supported in the field of literature. Section B (10 points)Directions: Read the following passage carefully and give answers to the five questions. Write your answers on the Answer Sheet.By the mid century there emerged a trend in writing that favored a new approach to constructing the novel that abandoned many of the time-honored traditions of form. In deed, there has been debate about whether many of the works of the times should rightly be considered novels at all. Although not all writers of the period pursued experimental methods, two of them, William Burroughs and Henry Miller, served as exemplary figures.William Burroughs published journals depicting his travels through South America and North Africa. He was heavily influenced by his encounter with foreign languages and associations with strange customs. The impact of his experiences on his writing led to a uniquely detached style. Often it is difficult to determine who is telling the stories, or where the characters have come from. In his most celebrated work Naked Lunch, Burroughs is said to have physically cut up the manuscript and pasted it back together, to further disturb the conventional notion of narration. Although these writing techniques did not boost initial sales of his works, American academia accepts him as an important practitioner of literary theory.Henry Miller wrote about his personal life in a depth that previous authors had avoided. In order to better expose compulsive desires, he used very graphic language to describe the details of his intimate relationships. His books Tropic of Capricorn and Tropic of Cancer were banned in some states when they were first published. Although there are disagreements about Miller's moral positions, he is acknowledged as an important contributor to mid-twentieth century American fiction.21. What is the main topic of this passage?22. What did the passage preceding this one probably discuss?23. What can we assume about Burroughs' earlier works?24. What is the most difficult aspect of reading the book Naked Lunch?25. What can we infer about the works of the two men?。

英语专业考研考前基础英语水平模考测试卷（附答案）Part I Vocabulary and Grammar (40 points)Directions: The following 40 short statements are provided each with four items. You are to choose for each the best word or phrase in place of the underlined or missing part. Please writeyour answer on the answer sheet by marking the corresponding letter in each case.1. The police the witness about the accident.A. questionB. askC. interrogateD. inquire2. The salesman his product when challenged.A. soldB. spoke of C stood up for D. stood for3. She makes a rather living as a novelist.A. precariousB. precautionaryC. cautiousD. precocious4. She the chance to spend a whole day with her father. . * 'A. jumped onB. jumped atC. jumped withD. jumped up3. The car to avoid hitting the old man.A. swervedB. rambledC. scurriedD. curtailed6. Anyone who has a sore throat should from alcohol.A. abstainB. retainC. detainD. pertainand his life is 8. Despite a whole night's emergency treatment, the boy’s condition is still critical now hanging by aA. threadB. cordC. stringD. rope9. The film was banned officially- because of the language and scenes it contained.A. decentB. optimalC. obsceneD. vicious10. China will continue to to control population growth and improve the living standard of Chinese people.A. strideB. contriveC. striveD. stripe11. He avowed his commitment to those ideals.A. acknowledgedB. convertedC. conformedD. renounced12. The political dissident was accused of instigating a plot to overthrow the government.A. devisingB. supportingC. fundingD. provoking13 I wish you two would stop bickering.A. complaining B quarreling C. bargaining D murmuring14. The defendant is facing severe verdict despite the appeal for clemency by his lawyer.A. forgivingB. releaseC. leniencyD. impartiality15. The little boy listened, enthralled by the Captain’s story.A. fascinatedB. swindledC. shockedD. bored16. I was impressed by his expertise on landing craft.A. encouragementB. special skillC. shrewdnessD. eloquence17. Your action is a breach of our university regulations.A. observationB. violationC. creationD. attack18. Subsequent events vindicated his policy.A. predicateB. swingC. dilateD. verify19. Drug smuggling carries a mandatory death penalty in most countries in the world.A. impulsiveB. multicoloredC. obligatory'D. laughable20. Morality, for him, was doing what is expedient.A. undesirableB. unavailable C advantageous D. inappropriate21 You'd like this one, ?A. don't youB. didn't youC. hadn't youD. wouldn’t you22. Do you happen to know the name of this ?A. beautiful, little, red, butterfly-like insectB. little, beautiful, red, butterfly-like insectC. red, little, beautiful, butterfly-like insectD. red, butterfly-like, beautiful, little insect23. My son walked ten miles today. We never guessed that he could walk far.A. /B. suchC. thatD. as24. If talks for the new trade agreements take , food industries in both countries will be seriously affected.A. much too longB. too much longerC. too much longD. much long25. Jim expected nobody in the room.A. there beingB. there beenC. there to beD. there be26. Frankly, I'd rather you anything about it for the time being.A. doB. didn't doC. don’t doD. didn't27. This is a nation which easily to changes.A. adaptsB. is adaptedC. is adaptableD. is adapting28. The young man proved his parents’ expectation.A. worthB. worthyC. worth ofD. worthy of29. After a whole day of hard work, all was a nice meal and a good restA. what he wantedB. which he wantedC. the thing he wantedD. that he wanted30. A modem city has sprung up in was a wasteland ten years agoA. whichB. whatC. thatD. whererequired to attend 31. The new litera ture course differs from the old course the students aren’tlecture.A. in whichB. whichC. in thatD. whereas32. I wonder whether he knows to write a book.A. how great pains it will costB. what great pains will it takeC. what great pains it will cost D what great pains it will take33. college students should learn more about Chinese history.A. 1 consider important thatB. I consider it importantC. I consider what is importantD. I consider it important that34. To a highly imaginative writer, is a pad of paper and a pen.A. all are requiredB. all required isC. all is requiredD. all that is required35. was of no much help to him at that time.A. Little could I doB. What could I do littleC. The little of which 1 could doD. The little that I could do36. Scientists have reached the conclusion the temperature on the earth is getting higher and higher.A. whenB. butC. thatD. for that37. The teacher said, "It's time you your oral presentatio n.”　A. beganB. should beginC. beginD. are beginning38. You and I could hardly understand each other, ?A. could IB. couldn't youC. could weD. couldn't we39. A clue Americans may have been more honest in the past lies in the Abe Lincoln story.A. as for whyB. as to whatC. as to which D as to why40. Petroleum is to industry blood is to man.A. thatB. as ifC. whatD. whichPart II Cloze Test (20 points) "Directions: Read the passage below carefully and choose the best answer from those given. Write your choice on the answer sheet by marking the corresponding letter in each case.The tuberculosis situation in China is worsening again. It cannot be 1 unless the current situation which China has Four Highs and One Low is changed. The Four Highs and the One Low means a high infection rate, a high drug 2 rate, a high death rate, a high__3 of infection, and a low rate of decline changes.Experts say that China is one of the twenty-two countries in the world with the highest tuberculosis 4 China ranks second in the world in the 5 number of the people who have TB. Over 500 million Chinese have been 6 to the TB bacillus, six million have active TB and two millionare 7 carriers of the disease. Over two hundred and fifty thousand Chinese die each year from TB. This is twice as many as those who die 8 all of China' s other contagious diseases 9 The rate of TB in the Chinese countryside is 2.4 times 10 in the city. In China, as in other countries, at lease half of the 11 active TB cases, and deaths are in women.Children are the most 12 to infection of all. 13 statistics, the TB death rate among childrenaged 0-4 are 0.8 per 100,000 and 0.5 per 100,000. A 14 found that about half of the TB 15 people have not been found and registered. For 16 reasons, about 65.9 per cent of the people with TB symptoms are not 17 having TB. Experts warn that no disease compares with TB in the damage it-five percent of the 18 on families and the harm it does to China’s economic development. Seventy people with active TB cases 19 in the 15-34 age group, the most 20 age group. This means that China loses 360 million working days each year to TB.1. A. beaten B. conquered C. overcome D. defeated2. A. resistance B. injection C. inferior D. resistable3. A. incidence B. incident C. accident D. accidence4. A. burden B. load C. cargo D. freight5. A. whole B. large C. imaginary D. total6. A. revealed B. revealing C. exposed D. exposing7. A. contagious B. conscientious C. continuous D. consecutive8. A. away B. down C. off D. from9. A. joined B. added C. united D. combined10. A. that B. than C as D. less11. A. infections B. infectious C. affection D. infectants12. A. fragile B. vulnerable C. feeble D. crisp13. A. On the contrary B. According to C. With respect to D. In addition to14. A. research B. inspect C. survey D. study15. A. opposite B. negative C. opponent D. positive16. A. disparate B. desperate C. various D. distinct17. A. diagnosed as B. diagnosed to C. diagnosed about D. diagnosed with18. A. inflicts B. affiliates C. afflicts D. conflicts19. A. is B. are C. have D. has20. A. prospective B. productive C. predictable D. prudentPart III Reading Comprehension (40 points)Section A (30 points)Directions: There are 4 reading passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are some choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer SheetQuestions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage.The decline of traditional religion in the West has not removed the need for men and women to find a deeper meaning behind existence. Why is the world the way it is and how do we, as conscious individuals, fit into the great scheme?There is a growing feeling that science, especially what is known as the new physics, can provide answers where religion remains vague and faltering. Many people in search of a meaningto their lives are finding enlightenment in the revolutionary developments at the frontiers of science. Much to the bewilderment of professional scientists, quasi-religious cults are being formed around such unlikely topics as quantum physics, space-time relativity, black holes and the big bang.How can physics, with its reputation for cold precision and objective materialism, provide such fertile soil for the mystical? The truth is that the spirit of scientific inquiry has undergone a remarkable transformation over the past 50 years. The twin revolutions of the theory of relativity, with its space-warps and time-warps, and the quantum theory, which reveals the shadowy and unsubstantial nature of atoms, have demolished the classical image of a clockwork universe slavishly unfolding along a predetermined pathway. Replacing this sterile mechanism is a worldfull of shifting indeterminism and subtle interactions that have no counterpart in daily experience, To study the new physics is to embark on a journey of wonderment and paradox, to glimpsethe universe in a novel perspective, in which subject and object, mind and matter, force and field, become intertwined. Even the creation of the universe itself has fallen within the province of scientific inquiry.The new cosmology provides, for the first time, a consistent picture of how all physical structures, including space and time, came to exist out of nothing. We are moving towards an understanding in which matter, force, order and creation are unified into a single descriptive theme.Many of us who work in fundamental physics are deeply impressed by the harmony and orderwhich pervades the physical world. To me laws of the universe, from quarks to quasars, dovetailtogether so felicitously that the impression there is something behind it all seems overwhelming.The laws of physics are so remarkably clever they can surely only be a manifestation of genius.l. The author says people nowadays find that traditional religion isA. a form of reassuranceB. inadequate to their needsC. responding to scientific progressD. developing in strange ways2. Scientists find the new cults bewildering because they areA. too reactionaryB. based on false evidenceC. derived from inappropriate sourcesD. too subjective3. Which phrase in paragraph 3 suggests that the universe is like a machine?A. Cold precision and objective materialism.B. The shadowy and unsubstantial nature of atoms.C. Slavishly unfolding along a predetermined pathway.D. Shifting Indeterminism and subtle interactions.4. The new physics is exciting because itA. offers a comprehensive explanation of the universeB. proves the existence of a ruling intelligenceC. incorporates the work of men of geniusD. makes scientific theories easier to understand5. The author of this passage isA. a minister of religionB. a research scientistC. science fiction writerD. a journalistQuestions 6 to 16 are based on the following passage.Suddenly Lady Windermere looked eagerly round the room, and said, in her clear contraltovoice, "where is my chiromantist?""Your what, Gladys?" exclaimed the Duchess, trying to remember what a chiromantist reallywas, and hoping it was not the same as a chiropodist."my chiromantist, Duchess; I can't live without him at present. I must certainly introduce himto you.”　"Introduce him!" cried the Duchess. “You don't mean to say he is here?" She began looking about for a small tortoiseshell fan and a very tattered lace shawl so as to be ready to go at a moment's notice."Of course he is here; 1 would not dream of giving a party without him. He tells me I have apure psychic hand.""Oh, 1 see!" said the Duchess, feeling very much relieved. "He tells fortunes, I suppose?""And misfortunes, too" answered Lady Windermere. "Any amount of them. Next year, for instance, I am in great danger, both by land and sea, so J am going to live in a balloon, and drawup my dinner in a basket every evening. It is all written down on my little finger, or on the palm ofmy hand. I forgot which." "But surely that is tempting Providence, Gladys." "My dear Duchess,surely Providence can resist temptation by this time. Everyone should have their hands told once amonth, so as to know what not to do. Of course, one does it all the same, but it is so pleasant to bewarned. Ah, here is Mr. Podgers! Now, Mr. Podgers, I want you to tell the Duchess of Paisley'shand.""Dear Gladys, I really don't think it is quite right," said the Duchess, feebly unbuttoning a rather soiled kid glove."Nothing interesting ever is," said Lady Windmere. "But 1 must introduce you. Duchess, thisis Mr. Podgers, my pet chiromantist. Mr. Podgers, this is the Duchess of Paisley, and if you saythat she has a larger mountain of the moon than I have, I will never believe you again.""1 am sure, Gladys, there is nothing of the kind in my hand," said the Duchess gravely."Your grace is quite right," said Mr. Podgers, glancing at the little fat hand."The mountain of the moon is not developed. The line of life, however, is excellent You willlive to a great age, Duchess, and be extremely happy. Ambition—very moderate, line of intellect not exaggerated, line of heart——”"Now. do be indiscreet, Mr. Podgers," cried Lady Windermere."Nothing would give me greater pleasure," said Mr. Podgers, bowing, "if the Duchess ever had been, but I am sorry to say that I see great permanence of affection, combined with a strong sense of duty.""Pray go on, Mr. Podgers," said the Duchess, looking quite pleased."Economy is not the least of your Grace's virtues," continued Mr. Podgers, and lady Windermere went off into fits of laughter.“Economy is a very good thing, remarked the Duchess complacently. When I married Paisley he had eleven castles, and not a single house fit to live in.""And now he has twelve houses, and not a single castle," criedLady Windmere." "you have told the Duchess's character admirably, Mr. Podgers, and now you must tell Lady Flora's." In answer to a nod, a tall girl stepped awkwardly from behind the sofa and held out a long, bony hand."Ah, a pianist!" said Mr. Podgers. “Very reserved, very honest, and with a great love of animals.”　"Quite true!" exclaimed the Duchess, turning to Lady Windermere. "Flora keeps two dozen collie dogs at Macloskie, and would turn our town house into a menagerie if her father would let her.""Well, that is just what I do with my house every Thursday evening," cried Lady Windermere, laughing. "Only I like lions better than collie dogs, But Mr. Podgers must read some more handsfor us. Come, Lady Marvel, show him yours."But Lady Marvel entirely declined to have her past or her future exposed. In fact, many people seemed afraid to face the odd little man with his stereotyped smile and his bright, beady eyes; and when he told poor Lady Fermor right out before everyone that she did not care a bit for music, but was extremely fond of musicians, it was generally felt that chiromancy was a most dangerous science, and one that ought not to be encouraged, except in private.Lord Arthur Savile, however, who did not know anything about Lady Fermor's unfortunate story, was filled with curiosity to have his own hand read, and feeling somewhat shy about putting himself forward, crossed to where Lady Windermere was sitting and asked her if she thought Mr. Podgers would mind."Of course he won't mind," said Lady Windermere. "That is what he is here for. All my lions,Lord Arthur, are performing lions, and jump through hoops whenever I ask them."6. Lady Windermere's statement that she "can't live without" (line 5) her chiromantist is an example of .A. witB. satireC. exaggerationD. generalization7 The Duchess wants to "be ready to go at a moment's notice" (line 7) because sheA. is afraid of chiropodistsB. is tired of Lady WindermereC. thinks having her fortune told would be tempting ProvidenceD. does not want to meet Mr. Podgers8. The passage suggests that the Duchess wears a tattered shawl and soiled gloves because sheA. likes to save moneyB. cannot afford to buy nicer onesC. cares little about appearanceD. prefer to buy nice things for her home9. Lady Windermere's plan to live in a balloon and draw up her dinner in a basket indicates herA .desire to impress the DuchessB. inability to separate reality from fantasyC. whimsical attitude toward fortune-tellingD. respect for the accuracy of Mr. Podger's fortunes10. Lady Windermere's speech in lines21-24 shows that she _______A. likes to give advice to othersB. dislike knowing what is going to happen to herC. believes that Mr. Podgers has amazing and uncanny powersD. does not take either Providence or chiromancy very seriously.11. The Duchess says, "I really don't think it is quite right" in line 26 because sheA. has philosophical and moral objections to fortune-tellingB. thinks that trying to discern the future could be dangerousC. does not like to do what Lady Windermere tells her to doD. believes that Mr. Podgers is likely to predict bad events in her futuresuggests that Lady12. Lady Windermere's use of the phrase “my pet chiromantist”　WindermereA. provide for Mr. Podgers's needB. perceives Mr. Podgers's devotion to herC. feels possessive toward Mr PodgersD. likes to belittle Mr. Podgers in front of her friends13. By characterizing the Duchess's line of intellect as "not exaggerated", Mr. Podgers shows himself to beA. tactfulB. disdainfulC. imaginativeD. suspicious14. The Duchess looks "quite pleased" because .A. her future is brighter than is Lady windermere'sB. her fear about tempting Providence have been allayedC. Mr. Podgers has not suggested any danger in her immediate futureD. Mr. Podgers has described her characteristics positively15. In addition to telling people's fortunes, Mr. Podgers .A. describes their characteristicsB. describes their past endeavorsC. describes their present occupationD. encourages their unspoken plansQuestions 16 to 20 are based on the following passage.Extraordinary creative activity has been characterized as revolutionary, flying in the face of what is established and producing not what is acceptable but what will become accepted. According to this formulation, highly creative activity transcends the limits of an existing form and establishes a new principle of organization. However, the idea that extraordinary creativity transcends established limits is misleading when it is applied to the arts, even though it may bevalid for the sciences. Differences between highly creative art and highly creative science arise in part from differences in their goals. For the sciences, a new theory is the goal and end result of the creative act. Innovative science produces new propositions in terms of which diverse phenomena can be related to one another in more coherent ways. Such phenomena as a brilliant diamond or a nesting bird are relegated to the role of data, serving as the means for formulating or testing a new theory. The goal of highly creative art is very different: the phenomenon itself becomes the direct product of the creative act. Shakespeare's Hamlet is not a tract about the behavior of indecisive princes or the uses of political power, nor is Picasso's painting Guernica primarily a prepositional statement about the Spanish Civil War or the evils of fascism. What highly creative artistic activity produces is not a new generalization that transcends established limits, but rather an aesthetic particular. Aesthetic particulars produced by the highly creative artist extend or exploit, in an innovative way, the limits of an existing form, rather than transcend that form.This is not to deny that a highly creative artist sometimes establishes a new principle of organization in the history of an artistic field: the composer Monteverdi, who created music of the highest aesthetic value, comes to mind. More generally, however, whether or not a composition establishes a new principle in the history of music has little bearing on its aesthetic worth. Because they embody a new principle of organization, some musical works, such as the operas of the Florentine Camerata, are of signal historical importance, but few listeners or musicologists would include these among the great works of music. On the other hand, Mozart's The Marriage of Figaro is surely among the masterpieces of music even though its modest innovations are confined to extending existing means. It has been said of Beethoven that he toppled the rules and freed music from the stifling confines of convention. But a close study of his compositions reveals that Beethoven overturned no fundamental rules. Rather, he was an incomparable strategist who exploited limits the rules, forms, and conventions that he inherited from predecessors such as Haydn and Mozart, Handel and Bach in strikingly original ways.16. The author considers a new theory that coherently relates diverse phenomena to one another to be the .A. basis for reaffirming a well-established scientific formulationB. byproduct of an aesthetic experienceC. tool used by a scientist to discover a new particularD. result of highly creative scientific activity17. The passage supplies information for answering all of the following questions EXCEPT:A. Has unusual creative activity been characterized as revolutionary?B. Did Beethoven work within a musical tradition that also Included Handel and Bach?C. Is Mozart's The Marriage of Figaro an example of a creative work that transcended limits?D. Who besides Monteverdi wrote music that the author would consider to embody new principlesof organization and to be of high aesthetic value?18. The author regards the idea that all highly creative artistic activity transcends limits with .A. deep skepticismB. strong indignationC. marked indifferenceD. moderate amusement19. The author implies that an innovative scientific contribution is one thatA. is cited with high frequency in the publications of other scientistsB. is accepted immediately by the scientific communityC does not relegate particulars to the role of dataD introduces a new valid generalization20. Which of the following statements would most logically conclude the last paragraph of the passage?A. Unlike Beethoven, however, even the greatest of modern composers, such as Stravinsky, didnot transcend existing musical forms.B. In a similar fashion, existing musical forms were even further exploited by the next generationof great European composers.C. Thus, many of the great composers displayed the same combination of talents exhibited by Monteverdi.D. By contrast, the view that creativity in the arts exploits but does not transcend limits is supported in the field of literature.Section B (10 points)Directions: Read the following passage carefully and give answers to the five questions. Write your answers on the Answer Sheet.By the mid century there emerged a trend in writing that favored a new approach to constructingthe novel that abandoned many of the time-honored traditions of form. In deed, there has been debate about whether many of the works of the times should rightly be considered novels at all. Although not all writers of the period pursued experimental methods, two of them, William Burroughs and Henry Miller, served as exemplary figures.William Burroughs published journals depicting his travels through South America and North Africa. He was heavily influenced by his encounter with foreign languages and associations with strange customs. The impact of his experiences on his writing led to a uniquely detached style. Often it is difficult to determine who is telling the stories, or where the characters have come from.In his most celebrated work Naked Lunch, Burroughs is said to have physically cut up the manuscript and pasted it back together, to further disturb the conventional notion of narration. Although these writing techniques did not boost initial sales of his works, American academia accepts him as an important practitioner of literary theory.Henry Miller wrote about his personal life in a depth that previous authors had avoided. In order to better expose compulsive desires, he used very graphic language to describe the details of his intimate relationships. His books Tropic of Capricorn and Tropic of Cancer were banned in some states when they were first published. Although there are disagreements about Miller's moral positions, he is acknowledged as an important contributor to mid-twentieth century American fiction.21. What is the main topic of this passage?22. What did the passage preceding this one probably discuss?23. What can we assume about Burroughs' earlier works?24. What is the most difficult aspect of reading the book Naked Lunch?25. What can we infer about the works of the two men?Part IV Translation (30 points)Section A E-C translation (15 points)Directions; Read the following passage carefully aid translate it into good Chinese. Write your translation on the answer sheet.Translating versus interpretingSome problems arise because people think of translating and interpreting as being two entirely different kinds of operations, one written and the other spoken. But both are part of the same act of producing in a receptor language the closest natural equivalent of the source text, whether spokenor written. The significant differences are the speed with which an interpreter must make decisions, the enormous tension to keep up with the rapid flow of spoken language, the background knowledge necessary for instant recall, and the willingness to produce something that may not be "perfect." In fact, no interpretation is ever perfect.Interpreting can, however, be an important plus for a translator, because it immediately forces himor her to be up to date with respect to rapid developments within any discipline, and it highlightsthe fact that listening to one language and speaking in another is a largely automatic process, something that some translators have faired to recognize.At the former Maurice Thorez Institute of foreign languages in Moscow, persons who had already demonstrated exceptional ability as translators could also be tested for their possible ability to actas professional interpreters. The test consisted of an assigned topic, one minute to prepare, and one minute to speak. The reason for this type of testing was the conviction that interpreting, whether consecutive or simultaneous, depended more on an ability to organize information than on determining meaning.Section B C-E Translation (15 points)Directions: Read the following passage carefully and translate it into good English. Write your translation on the answer sheet.由小学到中学，所修习的无非是一些普通的基本知识。

Passage 5Once the presence of these characteristics has been recognized, most discussions of globalization move directly to comparative cultural -questions. Anthropologists, economists, ecologists, and political scientists all become cultural comparatists, weighing cultural differences against what is generally considered to be the inevitable function of globalization: the leveling of cultural difference. This comparative quotient runs inexorably, it seems, through discussions of globalization, and it should interest us as a profession, since our own most basic disciplinary methods are, of course, designed to recognize and interpret difference. I dunk of my own work in comparative American cultures, for example, as moving along spectrum between assumptions of basic cultural difference on the one hand and literary examples of shared attitudes and expressive structures on the other. I took for common contexts in order to ground my comparisons, but it is the differences that will matter most to my analysis. So, a mirror image begins to emerge, whereas the literary comparatist may be said to value significant differences and to study literature for what we may learn from those differences, me processes of globalization would seem to work in ways that are something like the reverse —toward a leveling of significant difference in favor of insignificant sameness. But this comparison, too, will need to be complicated, for homogeneity and heterogeneity are not necessarily antithetical, and in 'fact may operate in dialectical relationship. Consider, for example, my third characteristic of globalization—unprecedented levels of immigration —a circumstance mat suggests the following paradox: the processes of globalization may homogenize tastes and habits by means of new information technologies and global markets, but at the same time they may also generate configurations of striking difference, as immigrants occupy new cultural and linguistic spaces. Nowhere is this more true than in the U. S., where we are experiencing the greatest migratory influx of our history. Certain regions of the country are more illustrative of this than others, of course, but let me say simply that my classes at the University of Houston are far more diverse culturally, linguistically, and ethnically than they were ten years ago —a comparative cultural opportunity that I feel, frankly, I have not yet fully engaged in my own teaching and that our curricular and departmental structures have not yet fully responded to, either.Questions:65. The author implies that the inevitable function of globalization is .A. maintenance of differencesB. reduction of differencesC. promotion of cooperationD. exaltation of competition66. According to the passage, the main objective of comparison is to .A. identify common featuresB. encourage competitionC. recognize differencesD. both A and C67. The profession of the author of this passage is most likely that of a .A. comparatistB. anthropologistC. ecologistD. political scientist68. The word "paradox" in line 19 probably means .A. contradictionB. identificationC. supplementationD. seemingly contradictory69. Immigration brings__ ¬¬to the destination country.A. wealthB. diversityC. disorderD. disagreement70. What relates globalization to cultural comparison is the fact that _.A. globalization generates more discussionsB. globalization arouses more disputes over cultural mattersC. globalization both homogenize and heterogenizeD. the author is equally interested in bothPart IV (30')Division A: In this part, you are required to complete 20 sentences. Each sentence wants one word only. You must choose the needed word from the provisions below. You do not need to change the form of the chosen word. But the word you choose must fit into the sentence in both meaning and grammar. For each correct completion, you will get one point. (20%)existentialism realms particular structure prophecies primacydiscredit tinged mediation poetry demeaned forms valuediachronic antithesis quantitative methodology that obtaining temporal71. The formalists argued at the beginning for a strict separation of form and content and made repeated efforts to ____ the latter as a proper object of literary study byconcentrating exclusively on the former.72. It's not so much ______ they love the possibility of doing or not doing something as it is the possibility of speaking with words, agreed on among themselves, about various topics.73. The so-called formal method grew out of a struggle for a science of literature that would be both independent and factual; it is not the outgrowth of a particular _______ .74. What I am interested in doing now is suggesting how the general liberal consensus that "true" knowledge is fundamentally non-political obscures the highly if obscurely organized political circumstances _______when knowledge is produced.75. My point here is that "Russia" as a general subject matter has political priority over nicer distinctions such as "economics" and "literary history," because political society in Gramsci's sense reaches into such _______of civil society as the academy and saturates them with significance of direct concern to it.76. To say this may seem quite different from saying that all academic knowledge about India and Egypt is somehow_______ and impressed with, violated by, the gross political fact — and yet that is what I am saying in this study of Orientalism.77. But there is no getting away from the fact that literary studies in general, and American Marxist theorists in _____, have avoided the effort of seriously bridging the gap between the superstructure] and base levels in textual, historical scholarship.78. In the second place, to believe that politics in the form of imperialism bears upon The production of literature, scholarship, social theory, and history writing is by no means equivalent to saying that culture is therefore a______ or denigrated thing. 79. So it is mat the life of Christ, the text of the New Testament, which comes as the fulfillment of the hidden _____ and annunciatory signs of the Old, constitutes a second, properly allegorical level, in terms of which the latter may be rewritten.80. Stalin's "expressive causality" can be detected, to take one example, in the productionist ideology of Soviet Marxism, as an insistence on the _______ of the forces of production.81. _______ is the classical dialectical term for the establishment of relationships between, say, the formal analysis of a work of art and its social ground, or between the internal dynamics of the political state and its economic base.82. The archetypal critic studies the poem as part of poetry, and as part of the total human imitation of nature that we call civilization.83. When we pass into anagogy, nature becomes, not the container, but the thing contained, and the archetypal universal symbols, the city, the garden, the quest, the marriage, are no longer the drsirabte______ that man constructs inside nature, but are themselves the forms of nature.84. We have suggested that it is only in the first narrowly political horizon — in which history is reduced to a series of punctual events and crises in time, to the ______ agitation of the year-to-year, the chroniclelike annals of the rise and fall of political regimes and social fashions, and tile passionate immediacy of struggles between historical individuals — that the "text" or object of study will tend to coincide with the individual literary work or cultural artifact.85. It would be tempting, but not quite accurate, to see in them two mutually exclusive modes of thought, to hold them up as the______ between the analytical and the dialectical understanding.86. Saussure's position has many affinities with that of Husseri, for like Husserl he was not content simply to point out the existence of another equally valuable mode of humanistic and qualitative thought alongside the scientific and______ , but tried to codify the structure of such thought in a methodological way, thus making all kinds of new and concrete investigations possible.87. In personal or psychological terms, this methodological perception is reflected in _______, whose leitmotive — the priority of existence over essence — is indeed simply another way of saying the same thing, and of showing how lived reality alters in function of the "choice" we make of it or the essences through which we interpret it: in other words, in function of the "model" through which we see and live the world.88. His solution to this dilemma is ingenious: one may call it situational, or even phenomenological, in that it takes into account the concrete _______of speech as a "circuit of discourse," as a relationship between two speakers.89. The movement of Saussure's thought may perhaps be articulated as follows: language is not an object, not a substance, but rather a _______ : thus language is a perception of identity.90. The syntagmatic dimension, in other words, looks like a primary phenomenon only when we examine its individual units separately; then they seem to be organized successively in time according to some mode of_______ perception.Division B: The fallowing is an incomplete passage. Fill each blank with one word only. You can choose any word from your vocabulary so long as it completes the sentence both in grammar and in meaning. For each correct completion, you will get one point (10%)Perhaps it was the middle of January in the present that I first looked up and saw the mark on the wail. In order to fix a date it was necessary to remember what one 91 . So now I think of the fire; the steady 92 of yellow light upon the page of my book; the three chrysanthernums 93 the round glass bowl on the mantelpiece. Yes, it 94 have been the winter time, and we had just finished our tea, 95 I remember that I was smoking a cigarette when I looked up and saw the mark on the wall for the first time. I looked up 96 the smoke of my cigarette and my eye lodged for a 97 upon the burning coals, and that old fancy of the crimson flag _98 from me castle tower came into my mind, and I thought of the cavalcade of red knights riding up the side of the black rock. Rather to my 99 the sight of the mark interrupted the fancy, for it is an old fancy, an automatic fancy, made as a child perhaps. The mark was a small round mark, black upon the white wall, about six or seven inches 100 the mantelpiece.。

2019下半年全国教师资格统考模拟卷：初中《英语学科知识与教学能力》卷一一、单项选择题（本大题共30小题，每小题2分，共60分）在每小题列出的四个备选项中选择一个最佳答案，错选、多选或未选均无分。

1.We’ve had a good start,but next,more work needs_____to achieve the final success.A.being doneB.doC.to be doneD.to do2.Don’t worry.The hard work that you do now_____later in life.A.will be repaidB.was being repaidC.has been repaidD.was repaid3.Time,_____correctly,is money in the bank.A.to useedinge4.Bicycling is good exercise;_____,it does not pollute the air.A.neverthelessB.besidesC.otherwiseD.therefore5.Close the door of fear behind you,and you_____the door of faith open before you.A.sawB.have seenC.will seeD.are seeing6.The place we live in is called house in English but房子in Chinese.This shows the______of language.A.arbitrarinessB.dualityC.creativityD.displacement7.In Chinese if someone breaks a bowl or a plate the host or the people present are likely to say sui sui ping an.This language phenomenon reflects the______of language.A.Performative FunctionB.Emotive FunctionC.Phatic FunctionD.Recreational Function8.Both syntax and semantics are the branches of linguistics,the former studies the rules governing the combination of words into sentences,the latter studies_____.A.the form of wordsB.the meaning of languageC.the sound patterns of languageD.the change of language9.A syllable is a part of a word which contains a_____and is pronounced as a unit.A.consonantB.vowelC.phonemeD.pitch10.The most distinguishable linguistic feature of a regional dialect is its_____.A.accente of wordsC.morphemese of structures11.In meaningful practice the focus is on the production,comprehension or exchange of___.A.structuresB.sentencesC.formD.meaning12.PPP and TBL are two approaches to language teaching.PPP stands for presentation,practice and production,and TBL stands for_____.A.Task Book Language standsB.Text Book LearningC.Teacher-Based LearningD.Task-Based Learning13.Hedge discusses five main components of communicative competence.These components include linguistic competence,pragmatic competence,discourse competence,strategic competence,and_____.A.accuracyB.fluencyC.correctnessD.grammaticality14._____does not belong to formative assessment.A.Learner portfolioB.Test resultsC.Classroom observationD.Student diaries15.What is the teacher doing in terms of error correction?“S:I go to the theatre last night.”T:You GO to the theatre last night?A.Correcting the student’s mistake.B.Hinting that there is a mistake.C.Encouraging peer correction.D.Asking the student whether he really went to the theatre.16.When learners come across new words,they are required to focus on_____.A.spellingB.semantic featuresC.form,meaning and useD.word formation17.Which of the following features is not exhibited by the deductive method?A.It saves time.B.It pays more attention to form.C.It teaches grammar in a decontextualized.D.It encourages students to work out the grammatical way rules.18._____may be defined as any kind of engaging with the language on the part of the learners,usually under the teacher supervision,whose primary objective is to consolidate learning.A.PresentationB.PracticeC.ProductionD.Preparation19.The activity of_____may maximize the possibility of eliciting ideas,words or concepts from students when it is focused on a given topic.A.retellingB.assessing outputC.brainstormingprehension20.Which of the following nominating patterns can a teacher adopt to ensure that all students are activity involved in classroom activities?A.Nominating those who are good at English.B.Asking questions in a predicable sequence.C.Nominating students after the question is given.D.Nominating students before giving the question.请阅读Passage1，完成21~25小题。