不定代词的主谓一致原则
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不定代词的使用和辨析不定代词是指不具体指明代替的人或物的代词,它在句子中起到代替名词或指示词的作用。
它的使用对于句子的连贯性和表达的准确性至关重要。
本文将探讨不定代词的使用和辨析。
一、不定代词的基本概念不定代词是一种特殊的代词,它具有指示、代替和数量表达的功能。
不定代词可以统指不确定的人或物,常用于句子中指代未具体指出的事物。
二、不定代词的分类及用法1. 不定代词的分类(1)不定代词的基本形式:something, anything, nothing, everything 等。
(2)不定代词的否定形式:nobody, no one, none, neither等。
(3)不定代词的指示形式:this, that, these, those等。
2. 不定代词的用法(1)不定代词作主语:Everyone is responsible for their own actions.(每个人对自己的行为负责。
)(2)不定代词作宾语:I want something to eat.(我想要吃点东西。
)(3)不定代词作表语:The problem is nothing.(问题并不存在。
)(4)不定代词作定语:Any book will do.(任何一本书都可以。
)三、常见不定代词的辨析1. somebody, anybody, nobody(1)somebody:某人,用于肯定句,表示未具体指明的人。
(2)anybody:任何人,用于疑问句和否定句,表示任何不确定的人。
(3)nobody:没有人,表示全部人都不。
2. something, anything, nothing(1)something:某事物,用于肯定句,表示未具体指明的事物。
(2)anything:任何事物,用于疑问句和否定句,表示任何不确定的事物。
(3)nothing:没有事物,表示全部事物都没有。
3. somewhere, anywhere, nowhere(1)somewhere:某地,用于肯定句,表示未具体指明的地点。
主谓一致英语中,主语的单复数形式决定谓语动词的单复数形式。
主谓一致必须遵循以下三条原则:语法一致原则、意义一致原则和就近一致原则。
根据这三条原则,现从以下几个方面进行总结:一、并列结构作主语时的主谓一致1. 由and/both...and...连接的两个单数名词作主语时(两个冠词),谓语动词一般根据语法一致的原则用复数。
例如:A young man and a girl want to go there. 一个青年男子和一个姑娘想去那里。
【注意】如果在意义上指同一个人、同一件事或同一个概念时(一个冠词),谓语动词用单数形式。
例如:①A needle and thread was found on the floor. 在地板上找到了针线(穿了线的针)。
②The teacher and writer is her friend.这个既是是教师又是作家的人是她的朋友。
2. 一个单数名词同时被and连接的两个不同的形容词修饰,表示两个不同的概念时,谓语动词用复数。
例如:Ancient and modern history are the subjects we are studying.古代史和现代史是我们目前学习的课程。
【注意】如果在意义上指同一个人、同一件事或同一概念时,谓语动词用单数。
例如:The last and most difficult lesson is lesson14. 14课是最后一课也是最难的一课。
3. 当each...and each...,every...and every...,no...and no...,many a...and many a...结构作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。
例如:①No man and no animal is to be found on the moon. 在月球上没发现人和动物。
②Many a doctor and many a nurse is busy with their work.许多医生和护士都忙于他们的工作。
高考英语语法:主谓一致主谓一致是指句子的主语和谓语在人称和数上必须保持一致。
主谓一致一般遵循三个原则:语法一致(或叫形式一致),意义一致或就近一致①.语法一致: 主谓在语法形式上一致, 即主语是单数形式, 谓语用单数, 主语是复数形式, 谓语用复数②.意义一致: 根据主语的内在涵义的单复数确定谓语的单复数③.就近一致: 一个句子中有两个或两个以上的主语,谓语和靠近它的那个主语保持人称和数的一致分述1.当主语是不定代词somebody, anybody, nobody, everybody, everything, nothing, something, anything等时, 谓语动词用第三人称单数a. Somebody is waiting for you outside.b. Nobody knows the answer.有些不定代词作主语时, 据意义确定谓语动词的单复数. 若不定代词所指为单数意义, 谓语用单数; 若不定代词所指为复数意义, 谓语用复数. 这类词有: all, some, any, more, most, half 等a. All are happy to hear the news.b. All that has to be done has been done.c. Most of the surface of the earth is covered by water.d. Half of the wood has been carried away.2.集体名词如: family, class, army, enemy,government, group, team等作主语时, 如果将其看作一个整体, 则谓语动词用单数, 若看成其中的成员(个体), 则谓语动词用复数a. My family is a happy one. / All my family are music lovers.b. Our class is the best in our school. / The whole class are having a discussion about the problem.集体名词people, cattle, police, youth等作主语时, 谓语动词常用复数a. The police are looking for the thief.b. Cattle are not allowed to graze here.3.代词none和neither作主语时, 谓语动词根据说话人的意思用单数或复数. 当说话人着眼于任何一个都不时, 谓语动词用单数; 当说话人着眼于全都不时, 谓语动词用复数a. None of them has a car. ( 他们没有一个人有汽车)b. None of them have a car. ( 他们都没有汽车)c. None of them knows the answer. ( 他们两个谁也不知道答案)d. None of them know the answer. ( 他们两个都不知道答案)4.bothand连接两个主语时, 谓语动词通常用复数. eitheror, neithernor, not onlybut also, notbut 连接两个主语时, 采取就近原则, 即谓语动词和靠近它的那个主语保持一致a. Both Tom and Jerry were late for school that day.b. Either you or he has dropped waste paper in the street.c. Neither he nor I have forgotten for pay for the drinks.5.在There be和Here be结构中, 句子的主语在be之后, 如果主语不止一个, 那么谓语动词be与邻近的主语一致a. There is a desk, a table, three chairs in the room.b. There are three chairs, a desk and a table in the room.c. Here are two letters and a magazine for you.6.如果主语后面跟有with, together with, along with, as well as, but, except, besi des, including, like, rather than, no less than, in addition to(除外)等引导的短语时, 谓语动词的形式只与主语有关, 而与其后的短语无关a. The teacher with three student s was in the classroom then.b. This book, as well as the other two books, is borrowed from our school library.c. None but Jim and Mike knows my secret.d. Seven people, including a policeman, were killed.7.表示时间, 长度, 距离, 金额, 价值, 重量, 容量等的复数名词作主语时, 通常作整体看待, 即表示总量或总和, 谓语动词用单数. 若把它们看作一个个的个体, 即强调其具体数量时, 谓语动词用复数形式a. Twenty years is a long time to us.b. Two hundred miles is not a long distance.c. Ten thousand US dollars is a lot of money.d. There are ten minutes left.8.在四则运算中, 谓语动词用单复数均可, 但单数形式更为多用a. Two and ten is / are twelve.b. Three times five is / are fifteen.9.动名词或动词不定式作主语时, 谓语动词用单数a. Smoking / To smoke is a bad habit.b. Carving animal bones is not an easy job.10.主语从句作主语时, 谓语动词通常用单数. 但若主语从句所指的具体内容为复数意义时, 谓语动词用复数a. What we need is more time.b. What we need are more doctors.11.以-s结尾的专有名词作主语时, 谓语动词通常用单数, 这类专有名词如: General Motors(通用汽车公司), the United Nations(联合国), the United States, the New York Times(纽约时报)等.a. The New York Times is published daily.b. The Arabian Nights is a popular reading among the young people.表示群岛, 山脉, 瀑布的专有名词作主语时, 谓语动词通常用复数, 如:the Andes(安第斯山脉), the Alps(阿尔卑斯山脉), the West Indies(西印度群岛), the Niagara Falls(尼加拉大瀑布)12.有些形式为复数, 而意义为单数的名词作主语时, 谓语动词用单数. 这类名词如: news, works(工厂), politics(政治), physics(物理), mathematics(数学 )等13.以-s或-es结尾, 由对称的两部分构成的物体作主语时, 谓语动词用复数. 这类物体如: trousers, glasses, jeans(牛仔裤), scissors(剪刀), shades(太阳镜)等. 如果这类名词前用了pair, 则谓语动词的数取决于pair的数a. Here is a pair of glasses for you.b. There are three pairs of jeans in the bag.14. 分数或百分数+ of + 名词作主语时, 谓语动词视名词的可数与否采用单数或复数a. Over three quarters of the city was destroyed in the war.b. 35 percent of the do ctors are women.c. Thirty percent of the workers are out of work now.d. One third of the water has been wasted.15.用and连接两个或两个以上的单数名词作主语时, 谓语动词用复数. 如果and连接的两个名词指的是同一人、事、物或概念( 如: a knife and f ork一副刀叉, the bread and butter奶油面包, my house and home我的家)时, 则谓语动词用单数a. Many books and a pen are on the desk.b. The pianist and composer (钢琴家兼作曲家) has come to this small town.16. the + adj.表示一类人或事物作主语时, 谓语动词用复数. the +adj.若表示抽象概念或品质, 则谓语用单数a. The old in the city are taken good care of.b. The beautiful gives pleasure to all of us.美给我们以快乐17.more than one和many a + 单数名词作主语时, 谓语用单数a. Many a student has won the prize.很多学生获了奖b. More than one person has made the same mistake.不止一人犯了同样的错误。
主谓一致英语中的一致主要包括主语和谓语在人称和单复数上的一致、时态一致、名词和其代词一致.谓语动词的形式必须随着主语单复数形式的变化而变化.高考英语中主要以完形填空和语法填空的形式,同时可能会结合其他语法点比如非谓语动词和复合句等来考查。
一、主谓一致的三原则主谓一致一般要遵循三个原则:语法一致原则、意义一致原则和就近原则。
(一)语法一致原则主语和谓语通常是从语法形式上取得一致,即主语是单数形式,谓语动词也采用单数形式;主语是复数形式,谓语动词也采用复数形式。
Jolin has made great success with so many years going on。
Jolin是单数形式,谓语动词have也应当用单数形式hasThe Jolins are very fond of singing .the Jolins 指一家人,表示复数,谓语动词be也应当用复数形式are。
(二)意义一致原则意义一致原则是指从意义着眼来处理主谓一致问题。
有时候主语在形式上是单数形式,但是其意义是负数,谓语动词根据意义而定,采用复数形式。
The singer and artist is holding a concert called “land blue”.歌星和大艺术家是同一个人,是单数。
The old are very well taken care of in our city。
the old 指所有老年人,指一类人,是复数。
(三)就近原则就近原则是指谓语动词的变化以靠近谓语动词的主语部分而定。
Linlin or you are supposed to get into the hole。
1You是最靠近谓语动词的主语部分,因此be动词应当用复数形式的are。
二、主谓一致的详细讲解(一)代词作主语1.不定代词either,neither, each, one,the other,another以及复合不定代词someone,somebody等作主语,谓语动词用单数。
主谓一致的几个原则主谓一致是指在一个句子中,主语和谓语在人称、单复数等方面保持一致。
主谓一致是英语语法中的一个重要原则,不仅在正式写作中应遵循,也在口语交流中起到维持语言的准确性和易懂性的作用。
以下是几个关于主谓一致的原则:1.主语与谓语在人称上保持一致:主语和谓语在人称上应该保持一致,即第一人称(I/We)、第二人称(You)、第三人称(He/She/It/They)对应相应的谓语动词形式。
例如:- I am (第一人称单数)- We are (第一人称复数)- You are (第二人称单复数)- She is (第三人称单数)- They are (第三人称复数)2.单数主语使用单数谓语,复数主语使用复数谓语:主谓一致也适用于单数和复数形式的主语和谓语。
单数主语使用单数谓语,复数主语使用复数谓语。
例如:- The book is on the table. (单数主语与单数谓语)- The students are studying in the library. (复数主语与复数谓语)3.谓语根据主语的单复数形式变化:谓语动词的形式会根据主语的单复数形式而发生变化。
一般情况下,复数主语使用谓语动词的原形,而单数主语使用谓语动词的第三人称单数形式。
例如:- The dog barks. (单数主语使用第三人称单数动词形式)- The dogs bark. (复数主语使用动词原形)4.不定代词与谓语要保持一致:在使用不定代词作为主语时,谓语动词的形式要与不定代词的数保持一致。
例如:- Somebody has left their bag. (不定代词somebody与谓语动词has保持一致)5.基于语法结构的主谓一致:有些复杂的语法结构,在主谓一致上需要更多的注意。
例如:- 以either...or...、neither...nor...、not only...but also...连接两个主语时,谓语动词的形式要与靠近的主语保持一致,例如:- Either John or his friends are going to the party. (谓语动词与靠近的主语friends保持一致)- Neither the teacher nor the students were present. (谓语动词与靠近的主语students保持一致)- 当主语由as well as、along with、together with等短语结构引出时,谓语动词的形式要与前面的主语保持一致- The book, as well as the pen, is on the table. (谓语动词与前面的主语book保持一致)- 当主语由there is/are开头时,谓语动词的形式要与后面的主语保持一致,例如:- There is a book on the table. (谓语动词与后面的主语book保持一致)- 当主语由a number of、a majority of、the majority of等短语开头时,谓语动词的形式要与后面的名词保持一致,例如:总之,主谓一致是英语语法中的重要原则,人们在使用英语时应该根据主语的单复数形式、人称以及语法结构等因素,正确选择与之相对应的谓语动词形式。
英语主谓一致的三个原则英语中主谓一致有三个原则,语法一致原则、意义一致原则和就近原则,有关英语主谓一致的考点详情如下:一、语法一致原则即主语语法形式上的单复数形式与谓语的单复数形式要一致。
1.单数名词、代词、动词不定式短语、动名词短语或从句做主语时,谓语动词一般采用单数形式。
注意:一个主语从句做主语,谓语动词一般用单数形式。
但若从句谓语或从句后的表语是复数形式,则谓语动词用复数形式。
2.当主语是and, both……and 连接的并列结构时,如果主语指的是两个或两个以上的人或物,谓语动词用复数。
注意:两个单数名词用and连接,表示同一人,同一物、同一概念,或不可分割的整体时,谓语动词仍用单数。
这时and 后面的名词没有冠词。
3.由 and 连接的并列单数主语的前面分别有each、every 、no、many a修饰时,谓语动词要用单数形式。
Every man and every woman has a good reason to be proud of the work done by their fathers.每一个人都很有理由为他们的父亲所从事的职业感到骄傲。
Each boy and each girl has an apple.每个男孩和每个女孩都有一个苹果。
Many a teacher and many a student has seen the film.许多老师和学生都看过这部电影。
注意:each作主语或其修饰的名词作主语:each作主语或其修饰的名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数。
Each student has an MP3, which gives them more ways to enjoy their spare time.每个学生都有一个MP3,这给他们在课余时间享受生活提供了更多的方式。
Each of the class has been given a bike.这个班里的每一个学生都得到了一辆自行车。
主谓一致一、语法一致1.and,both...and...连接并列成分作主语。
此时谓语动词用复数形式eg. The plastic and rubber never rot.2.主语后带有with,as well as等引起的短语时此时谓语动词的数要和这些短语前面的主语保持一致(就远一致的原则)eg. The leader and artist as well as some of our English teachers was given a chance to go abroad last year.3.不定代词或由不定代词修饰的词作主语若是表示单数意义的each,either等,谓语动词用单数;若是表示复数意义的both,few等,谓语动词用复数。
eg. Everything is in a complete mass.不定代词each,every,no修饰名词且用and连接多个并列主语,谓语动词仍用单数形式。
eg. In our country,every boy and every girl has the right to receive education.4.“a/the number of+复数名词”作主语“the number of+复数名词”作主语,谓语动词用单数形式“a number of+复数名词”作主语,谓语动词用复数形式eg. A number of students have gone for an outing.The number of the students is increasing year after year.5.由两部分构成一个整体的名词作主语此时谓语动词常用复数形式。
但主语前有a series of,a kind of,a piece of,a pair of 等修饰时,谓语动词的单复数形式与表示计量单位的名词的单复数形式一致。
eg. My trousers are old,so I want to buy a new pair.A pair of shoes is lying under the bed.“名词+of this kind”作主语时,谓语动词与of 前的名词保持数的一致。
主谓一致“三原则”英语句子中的谓语动词要和主语在人称和数上保持一致,而在实际运用中又有一些具体情况,概括起来,主谓一致要遵循以下三个原则:一、语法一致原则1. 如果主语是单数形式,谓语动词也要用单数形式。
如:The number of students in our school is rising.我们学校的学生人数在上升。
2. each, either, neither, nobody, nothing, anything, anybody, everybody, everything等不定代词作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。
如:Each of them has been to Beijing.他们每个人都去过北京。
Neither of them likes the film.他们两个谁也不喜欢那部电影。
3. 主语的数不受后面修饰它的短语的影响。
如:Tom together with his parents has visited the Great Wall.汤姆和他父母一起游览过长城。
二、意义一致原则1. 有的主语看似复数形式但表示的是单数意义,谓语动词一般用单数形式。
如:The news is exciting. 这是个令人振奋的消息。
The United States is in North America.美国位于北美洲。
Two years is really a very long time.两年的确是个很长的时间。
2. what, who, which, all, any, none, more, most 等代词用作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式还是复数形式要根据具体情况来确定。
如:What you said is very important. 你所说的话很重要。
Which are their chairs? 哪些是他们的椅子?3. 表示抽象概念的动词不定式和v.-ing形式作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。
顾名思义,不定代词不指定具体的人、物或数量。
大部分不定代词不是指示单数就是指示复数,但是有些不定代词既可以指示单数,也可指示复数。
单数不定代词使用单数动词,相应的任何人称代词在数量或性别上也应该一致,复数不定代词也一样。
一、常见的指代单数的不定代词
1. another 再一;另一(事物或人)
That ice-cream was good. Can I have another?
那冰淇淋很好吃。
我能再来一杯吗?
解析:another 还可以作形容词,例如:
I'd like another drink, please.
请给我再来一杯。
2. anybody/anyone 任何人
Can anyone answer this question?
有人能回答这个问题吗?
3. anything 任何东西,任何事物
The doctor needs to know if you have eaten anything in the last two hours.
医生需要知道你在过去两个小时里有没有吃过东西。
4. each 每个人
Each has his own thoughts.
每个人都有自己的想法。
5. either (两者中的)任何一个
Do you want tea or coffee?
你要茶还是咖啡?
I don't mind. Either is good for me.
我不介意。
任何一个都可以。
6. enough 足够,充分,充足
Enough is enough.
适可而止。
解析:第一个enough 是不定代词作主语,第二个enough 是形容词作表语。
7. everybody/everyone 每人,人人,所有人
We can start the meeting because everybody has arrived.
我们可以开始开会了,因为大家都到了。
8. everything 所有事物,一切
They have no house or possessions. They lost everything in the earthquake.
他们没有房子和财产。
他们在地震中失去了一切。
9. less 较少
Less is more.
较少就是较多。
10. little 一些,少量
Little is known about his early life.
他早年的生活鲜为人知。
11. much 许多,大量
Much has happened since we met.
自从我们见面以来发生了很多事。
12. neither 两个都不,(两者之中)无一个
I keep telling Jack and Jill but neither believes me.
我一直告诉杰克和吉尔,但他们都不相信我。
13. nobody/no-one 没有人,无人
I phoned many times but nobody answered.
我打了很多次电话,但没人接。
14. nothing 没有什么,没有一件东西
If you don't know the answer it's best to say nothing.
如果你不知道答案,最好什么也不说。
15. one (泛指)人
Can one smoke here?
这里能抽烟吗?
All the students arrived but now one is missing.
所有的学生都到了,但现在有一个不见了。
16. other 其他
One was tall and the other was short.
一个很高,另一个很矮。
17. somebody/someone 某人
Clearly somebody murdered him. It was not suicide.
显然有人谋杀了他。
不是自杀。
18. something 某事,某物
Listen! I just heard something! What could it be?
听!我刚听到什么!可能是什么?
19. you (泛指)任何人
You learn a language better if you visit the country where it is spoken. 如果到说某种语言的国家去,就会把这种语言学得更好。
二、常见的指代单数的不定代词
1. both 两个,两个都
John likes coffee but not tea. I think both are good.
约翰喜欢咖啡,但不喜欢茶。
我觉得两者都不错。
2. few 很少人(或事物、地方)
Few have ever disobeyed him and lived.
很少有人违抗过他而活了下来。
3. fewer 较少数
Fewer are smoking these days.
现在吸烟的人越来越少了。
4. many 许多,大多数人
Many have come already.
很多人已经来了。
5. others 其他人
I'm sure that others have tried before us.
我相信其他人在我们之前已经尝试过了。
6. several 几个,数个,一些
They all complained and several left the meeting.
他们都抱怨了,有几个人离开了会议。
7. they 人们,人人,众人
They say that vegetables are good for you.
人们说蔬菜对你有好处。
三、常见的既可以指代单数也可以指代复数的不定代词
1. all 全体,一切
All is forgiven.
一切都被原谅了。
All have arrived.
都到了。
2. any 任一,任何一些
Is any left?
还有剩下的吗?
Are any coming?
有人来吗?
3. more 更多
There is more over there.
那边还有更多。
More are coming.
更多的人来了。
4. most 大多数,几乎所有
Most is lost.
大多数都丢失了。
Most have refused.
大多数都拒绝了。
5. none 没有一个
They fixed the water so why is none coming out of the tap? 他们把水修好了,为什么没有水从水龙头里出来?
I invited five friends but none have come.
我邀请了五个朋友,但没有一个来。
6. some 有些,部分
Here is some.
这里有一些。
Some have arrived.
有些已经到了。
7. such 这样的,那样的
He was a foreigner and he felt that he was treated as such. 他是个外国人,他觉得自己受到了这样(外国人)的待遇。