The Calling Rising From the Ruin

1.For several days, the water in the village wells rose and fell, rose and fell. 句意：几天来，村子里面井里的水涨了又跌，涨了又跌。

【知识点】例:1.她的体温还在上升。

Her temperature is still _________.2.那些反对的人举起手。

People who are opposed ______ their hands.3.养育孩子的成本在继续增长。

The cost of ______ kids is continuing to ____.2.Mice ran out of the fields looking for places to hide, and fish jumped out of the water. 句意：老鼠从田野里跑出来寻找藏身之处，鱼也从水里跳了出来。

【知识点】out of sth 越出...之外come out of 从…出来，由…产生run out of 跑出来jump out of 跳出来例:我们看见他从房间出来。

We saw him __________the room.【拓展】Mice ran out of the fields looking for places to hide, and fish jumped out of the water.伴随伴随状语：指状语从句的动作伴随主句发生，是伴随着句子谓语动词的动作而发生或存在的。

【拓展】伴随状语使用的分词有V-ing和V-ed两种形式。

例：1.The dog entered the room, following his master 这条狗跟着主人进了屋。

2.The master entered the room, followed by his dog. 主人进了屋，后面跟着他的狗。

3.It seemed as if the world was at an end!句意：世界似乎到了末日!【知识点】as if在表语从句中相当于that= It seemed that the world was at an end!例：1.从他的说话的样子来看他是醉了。

Unit 5 A delicate world课后培优——微积累战高考，训练提分点读后续写微技能拟人修辞法拟人也是一种比喻，就是把无生命的事物当作有生命的事物来描写，赋予无生命之物以感情和动作或是把动物人格化，使语言生动、形象、更有感染力。

一、好句欣赏1．The stars danced playfully in the moonlit sky.星星在月色皎洁的天空中欢快地跳舞。

2．My alarm clock yells at me every morning.我的闹钟每天早上对我大喊大叫。

3．The wildfire ran through the forest at an amazing speeD．野火以惊人的速度穿过森林。

4．My stomach was punishing me for not eating on time.我的胃因我没有按时吃饭而在惩罚我。

5．His car suffered a severe stroke in the middle of the road, and refused to move forwarD．他的车在路中间遭到严重的一撞，不愿再向前开了。

6．Seeing such extraordinary beauty, I think every cell in my body woke up.看到如此非凡的美，我想我身体里的每个细胞都醒了。

二、小试牛刀1．She did not realize that opportunity was_knocking_at_her_door．她没有意识到机会正在敲她的门。

2．Slowly, the city began_to_breathe_again．慢慢地，这座城市又开始呼吸了(开始出现了生机)。

3．Time_flew and before we knew it, it was time for me to go home.时间飞逝，不知不觉中，我就该回家了。

Rising EarlyAs the old saying goes: plan your year in spring and your day at dawn. Rising early is a positive habit and it has numerous merits. Obviously, there are several barriers to get up early. But I am convinced the barriers can be conquered.Both merits of rising early and difficulties of implement are noticed by public. Rising early is beneficial to us in many ways, which endows us with tremendous enjoyment. First and foremost, the early riser has much more time than his competitors for hard work. What’s more, your mind is fresh and sharp in the early morning, which means high efficiency for your work. However, the truth remains that a large amount of youngsters get up late. They maintain that they are exhausted after finishing a busy day and it’s extremely difficult to rise early. Getting up late seems to be indispensable under great pressure.From my perspective, we should make full use of morning. There is no exaggeration to say that idleness and concession will definitely ruin us. Most importantly, when we really push us to rise early, it would be easy for us to see that we are moving forward a prosperous and bright future.。

拒绝校园欺凌的英语作文100字全文共6篇示例，供读者参考篇1Say No to Bullying at SchoolHi there, my name is Jamie and I'm 10 years old. I want to talk to you today about something that's really important - bullying at school. Bullying is when someone keeps being mean to someone else on purpose. It can involve hitting, kicking, name-calling, leaving people out, spreading rumors, and lots of other horrible behaviors. Bullying makes the person being bullied feel scared, alone, and very sad.I've seen bullying happen at my school and it's just awful. My friend Michael gets bullied a lot because he wears glasses and doesn't like sports as much as the other boys. Some kids call him names like "four-eyes" and "nerd." They leave him out at recess time and don't let him join in their games. I've even seen them knock his books out of his hands in the hallway. It makes me feel terrible watching it happen.Another girl in my class, Sara, gets bullied too. The popular girls spread rumors that she smells bad and doesn't brush herhair. They giggle behind her back and whisper mean things about her looks. Sara is actually really nice, but she gets so upset by the bullying that she started eating lunch alone in the bathroom stalls. How sad is that?Bullying is never okay. Nobody deserves to be picked on or treated badly like that. It can really hurt someone's feelings and make them feel unwanted and alone at school. Some kids who get bullied a lot stop wanting to come to school at all because they're so afraid of what the bullies will do or say to them each day.I really hate seeing my friends Michael and Sara get bullied. They seem so sad and scared all the time now. It's not fair that some kids think it's okay to be so mean and cruel to others just because they're a little different. We're all human beings who deserve to be treated with kindness and respect.That's why I've decided to take a stand against bullying at my school. I started sitting with Michael at lunch so he doesn't have to be alone. I invite Sara to join me and my other friends at recess. Whenever I see someone getting bullied, I tell the bully to stop it and that their behavior is wrong. Some of my other friends have started doing the same.We also reported the bullying to our teacher, Ms. Henderson. She had a big meeting to talk about bullying and reminded everyone that it is unacceptable and won't be tolerated. She said anyone who bullies others will get detention or suspension. Now there are posters up around school about bullying prevention.I really hope more schools, teachers, and students can take bullying seriously like we are. It's not just harmless teasing - it can really hurt people and make them feel depressed and alone. We all need to work together to put an end to bullying once and for all.So what can you do to stop bullying at your school? First off, don't ever bully others yourself through hitting, name-calling, leaving people out, or spreading rumors. Treat everyone with respect, even if they're a little different than you. You can also stick up for anyone you see getting bullied by telling the bullies to stop and getting a teacher involved if needed.If you're being bullied yourself, please tell a parent, teacher, counselor, or trusted adult about it right away. Don't bottle it up inside or blame yourself - bullying is never the victim's fault. You have a right to feel safe, respected, and happy at school. The bullying can be stopped if you speak up and get help.Schools also need to take bullying much more seriously by having clear anti-bullying rules and punishments, teaching lessons on bullying prevention, and encouraging bystanders to speak up against it. Bullying shouldn't ever be dismissed as "kids just being kids" - it has serious consequences and needs to be addressed.I really hope my school can be a bullying-free zone where everyone feels included, respected, and able to just be themselves without fear or intimidation. We're all in this together, so let's all treat each other with compassion and kindness. Bullying needs to be stopped once and for all! Who's with me?篇2Say No to Bullying at SchoolHi there! My name is Lily and I'm in 5th grade. Today I want to talk about something that's really important to me - stopping bullying at school. Bullying is when someone hurts, threatens, or makes fun of another person over and over again. It can involve physical violence like hitting, kicking, or pushing. But it can also be verbal bullying with mean words, name-calling, and insults. Sometimes bullies leave people out or spread rumors aboutthem too. Bullying makes people feel scared, sad, and alone. No one should have to go through that, especially at school!I've seen bullying happen at my school and it's not okay. Just the other day, I saw a group of older kids picking on one of the younger students during recess. They were calling him names and shoving him around just because he looked a little different. That boy looked so upset and scared. It broke my heart to watch.Sadly, bullying happens way too much in schools all across the country and world. Studies show that 1 in 5 students aged 12-18 have experienced bullying. That's a huge number! The effects of bullying can be really harmful too. Kids who are bullied are more likely to struggle with low self-esteem, depression, anxiety, health issues, and even thoughts of hurting themselves. They may start to feel like something is wrong with them when the real problem is the bully's mean behavior. Bullying can also lead to worse grades, attendance issues, and dropping out of school entirely.On the flip side, kids who bully others often have problems too like substance abuse, violent behavior, and breaking laws and rules. Many times they are bullying because they have been bullied themselves or maybe their family life isn't so great. Thatdoesn't excuse their actions, but it shows we need to have empathy and try to address the root causes of bullying.The good news is that everyone can help stop bullying if we work together! Here are some of the most important things we can all do:Students: If you see someone being bullied, be an upstander not a bystander. Stand up for the person being bullied and tell the bully to stop in a calm, confident voice. You can say something like "That's not cool, leave them alone." Or go get help from a teacher or trusted adult. Never join in or encourage the bullying, even if your friends are doing it. Treat everyone with kindness and respect, no matter how they look, talk, or dress.If you are being bullied, know that it's not your fault and you don't deserve it. Talk to a parent, teacher, counselor or trusted friend so they can help stop it. Avoid the bully as much as possible and try to stick with friends when you can. Don't fight back as that could just make it worse.Parents and families: Take bullying seriously if your child tells you about it happening to them or others. Listen without judgment and reassure them that it's not their fault. Work with the school to address the situation and monitor it closely. Teachyour kids to be upstanders against bullying and model kind, respectful behavior at home.Teachers and school staff: Make it crystal clear that bullying will not be tolerated at your school. Respond quickly and consistently every time you see it happen or it's reported. Have clear anti-bullying rules and consequences, but also focus on preventing it through education. Teach lessons about empathy, inclusion, conflict resolution and being an upstander. Create a positive school climate where all students feel safe, supported and accepted for who they are.If we all work together and commit to being upstanders, we can help reduce bullying in our schools! It starts with each and every one of us choosing to treat others the way we want to be treated. A little bit of kindness, compassion and standing up for what's right can go a long way.It's not always easy, but refusing to bully others and standing up against it when we see it happen is the right thing to do. We all deserve to feel safe, respected and accepted at school no matter what. So let's make our schools bully-free zones where kindness, not cruelty, wins! Who's with me?篇3Say No to Bullying!Hi, my name is Jamie and I'm 10 years old. I love school, but there's one thing I really hate – bullies! Bullies make me feel scared and sad. They call me mean names, push me around, and take my stuff. It's not fair!Bullying is when someone hurts you over and over again. They might hit, kick, or punch you. Or they might say really horrible things to you like calling you stupid or ugly. Sometimes bullies spread lies and rumors about you or leave you out on purpose. Bullies want to make you feel bad so they can feel powerful.I know bullying happens a lot in schools. But that doesn't make it right! Bullying is wrong and it needs to stop. No kid should ever have to feel afraid or get hurt at school. School is supposed to be a safe place where we can learn and have fun with our friends.There are different types of bullying too. Physical bullying is when bullies hurt your body by hitting, kicking, or pushing you. Verbal bullying is when they say mean things or make fun of you. Social bullying is when they leave you out or spread lies to try to ruin your friendships. And cyberbullying is when bullies are mean online through texts, social media, or emails.I've seen all kinds of bullying at my school. Sometimes I see the same kids getting bullied over and over by the same bullies. Those bullies seem to pick on anyone who is a little different –like kids with glasses, red hair, braces, or who are really tall or short. They also often bully kids who get good grades or aren't as good at sports. It's not right to bully someone for those reasons!Bullying can really hurt kids. Bullied kids often feel sad, lonely, and scared. Some kids even get depressed or anxious because of bullying. It makes it hard to concentrate in class or enjoy school. Some bullied kids don't want to go to school at all because they are so afraid of being bullied again. Bullying is never the victim's fault, but it can start to make them feel really bad about themselves.I've seen bullies make some kids cry or get so mad that they lash out. Sometimes bullied kids even start bullying others because they don't know how else to stop feeling so bad. Bullying just leads to more bullying and more hurt feelings all around. It's a cycle that needs to be broken.That's why we ALL need to stand up against bullying. If you see someone being bullied, you should never just watch it happen. Tell the bully to stop or get an adult to help. Bullies keepbullying because they think they can get away with it. If more people take a stand, bullies will learn that their behavior won't be tolerated.And if you're being bullied, you need to speak up and tell a teacher, principal, parent, or trusted adult. They can step in and put a stop to it. Don't keep bullying a secret – it only allows it to continue. Write down or take videos of what's happening so you have proof. The more evidence you have, the easier it will be to get help.It's also important to not fight back against a bully by bullying them. That's just continuing the cycle of bullying. Instead, surround yourself with supportive friends and find ways to stay confident in yourself. Do activities you enjoy and are good at to remind yourself of your strengths. Treat others how you want to be treated – with kindness and respect.Kids aren't the only ones who can stop bullying. Parents and teachers have to step up too! Parents need to teach their kids that bullying is never okay and that they should be accepting of people's differences. Teachers should have clear anti-bullying rules in their classrooms and consistent consequences for bullies. They also need to closely monitor for signs of bullying and workto create a positive classroom community where kindness is valued.The big message is that bullying causes serious harm and has no place in schools. Students, teachers, parents – we ALL need to take a stand! If everyone works together, we can create a bully-free environment where all kids feel safe, supported, and can thrive. I have a dream that one day no kid will ever have to feel afraid at school because of bullies. By learning to respect and include each other, that dream can become a reality. So let's all say NO to bullying once and for all!篇4Say No to Bullying!Hi there! My name's Alex and I'm 10 years old. I love playing soccer, reading comics, and hanging out with my friends at school. But there's one thing I really hate - bullying. It makes me super angry and sad when I see kids getting picked on just for being a little different.Bullying is when someone keeps doing or saying mean things to hurt someone else on purpose. It can be physical, like hitting, kicking, or pushing. Or it can be verbal, like calling names, teasing in a mean way, or leaving someone out on purpose.Some bullies even go online and cyberbully by sending nasty messages or posting embarrassing photos and videos.I've seen kids get bullied for all sorts of reasons - their looks, their religion, their abilities, you name it. Just last week, I saw a group of older boys making fun of my friend Marcus because he's in a wheelchair. They were calling him names and doing mean impressions of how he walks and talks. Marcus looked so hurt and embarrassed. It was awful to watch and I felt terrible for him.Bullying isn't just mean, it's actually dangerous. It can really mess with someone's self-esteem and make them feel scared, alone, and depressed. Some kids who get bullied a lot even start having thoughts of hurting themselves or worse. No one should have to go through that just for being who they are. We're all human and we all deserve to feel safe, respected, and valued no matter what.I got bullied a bit last year for being one of the youngest and smallest kids in my grade. This group of older boys would call me "shrimp" and "baby" and make fun of my high-pitched voice. At first I tried to ignore it, but then the bullying got worse. They started shoving me around on the playground and stealing my snacks at lunch. I felt afraid to go to school and startedpretending to be sick so I could stay home. My parents could see how miserable I was and arranged a meeting with the principal.Thankfully, the principal took the bullying seriously. She met with the boys and their parents and made it very clear that bullying behavior would not be tolerated under any circumstances. The boys had to publicly apologize to me and faced consequences like detention and loss of recess time. Things got a lot better after that.I know that bullying can be really tempting, especially if it makes you feel more powerful or gets you attention and laughs from other kids. But bullying is never the right choice. It causes serious harm and hurts the whole school community. There are much better ways to build friendships and boost yourself-esteem that don't involve putting others down.So what can we do to stop bullying and make our schools a kinder, safer place? For starters, if you see someone getting bullied, don't just watch and do nothing. That's a form of joining in. Instead, speak up and tell the bully to stop right then and there. Or find a teacher or trusted adult to help step in. You can also encourage the person getting bullied to walk away and practice simple phrases like "Leave me alone" or "That's not cool."We should also try talking to bullies in a calm, respectful way when they are not actively bullying. Let them know that their behavior is hurtful and unacceptable, but avoid threats or insults - that could make the situation escalate. If the bullying persists after that, get help from parents, teachers, counselors, or administrators who can directly intervene and enforce consequences.It's also super important to be kind to everyone, no matter how they look, talk, or behave. Go out of your way to include anyone who seems left out. Get to know people for who they really are on the inside, not what they look like on the outside. And if someone is being bullied, be their friend! Having supportive, caring friends can make an enormous difference for someone who is being mistreated by others.At the end of the day, bullying is all about making others feel small so you can feel bigger. But that's not real strength or power at all. The篇5Say No to Bullying at SchoolHi, my name is Emma and I'm in the 5th grade. Today I want to talk about bullying at school, which is a really big problem thataffects lots of kids. Bullying can make you feel scared, sad, alone, and like there's something wrong with you when there isn't. It's never okay for someone to bully you or anyone else.Bullying comes in different forms. Physical bullying is when someone hits, kicks, pushes, or does other things to hurt you physically. Verbal bullying is name-calling, teasing in a mean way, threatening you, or saying nasty rumors about you. Then there's social bullying where people leave you out, ignore you, or spread gossip to try to ruin your friendships and reputation. Cyberbullying is bullying over phones, computers or online like sending mean messages or posting embarrassing pics of you.I've seen bullying happen at my school before and it's really upsetting. Last year, there was this boy named Jake who would call this other boy Michael names like "loser", "weirdo", and "dummy" all the time. He'd make fun of Michael for getting good grades and would trip him in the hallways sometimes. Michael started feeling really sad and didn't want to come to school anymore.Another time, I remember this group of girls who were being so mean to this other girl Sophia online. They made an awful group chat where they would send her horrible messages saying she was ugly and had no friends. They even posted somepictures of her on social media and told everyone to make fun of how she looked. Sophia ended up having to leave our school because she felt so alone and embarrassed.Bullying is never the victim's fault – bullies are the ones doing something wrong, not the person getting bullied. There's nothing wrong with you if you get bullied. Bullies often pick on others because they're insecure or unhappy themselves and want to bring other people down. But that doesn't make it okay!If you're being bullied, it's important to tell a teacher, parent, counselor or trusted adult about it right away. Bullying often gets worse if it's ignored. It's never your fault and you shouldn't have to go through it alone. The adults can step in to make sure the bullying stops and get help for both the bullied kid and the bully.We should all speak up against bullying whenever we see it happening. If you see someone getting bullied, you can tell them bullying is unacceptable and that they don't deserve to be treated that way. Let the person being bullied know they have a friend and you're there for them. You can also tell an adult about the situation so they can address it properly.At the end of the day, we're all human beings who deserve to feel safe, respected and accepted at school. Bullying ruins thatfor so many kids and can really mess with someone's self-esteem, mental health, and ability to learn. Every student should feel comfortable to just be themselves without fear of being mistreated or left out.Together, we need to take a stand and create a school environment where bullying isn't tolerated at all. If we all do our part by being upstanders, not bullies, and showing kindness and compassion to our peers, we can help stop this hurtful cycle. Let's make our school a bully-free zone where everyone feels included and respected. Because bullying is never okay and has no place here!篇6Say No to Bullying at SchoolHi, my name is Jenny and I'm 10 years old. I want to talk to you about something really important that happens at schools - bullying. Bullying is when someone keeps being mean to someone else on purpose. It can involve hitting, kicking,name-calling, leaving others out, spreading rumors, or taking and breaking someone's things. Bullying makes the person being bullied feel afraid, sad, alone and even ashamed when they shouldn't.I see bullying happen sometimes at my school and it makes me really upset. Just the other day, I saw a group of older boys picking on David during recess. They were calling him names like "loser" and "dummy" because he doesn't do well in math class. Then they knocked his backpack out of his hands and kicked it around so all his books went everywhere. David looked like he was going to cry. That's not okay at all!Bullying can happen to anyone, but kids who are different in some way often get bullied more. Maybe they wear glasses, have a disability, speak another language at home, or just look or act a little differently than others. Some bullies pick on kids because of their religion, the color of their skin or if their family doesn't have a lot of money. But none of those things make bullying okay. All kids deserve to feel safe and respected at school no matter what.Bullying can really hurt kids. It can make them not want to go to school, lose friends, struggle with school work, and feel awful about themselves for a long time. Some kids who get bullied a lot even start bullying others or hurting themselves. No child should have to go through that. School is hard enough as it is!I've seen kids try to stop bullying in different ways. Some ignore the bully and walk away. Others tell a teacher or staffmember right away so they can step in. Having friends around can help too - it's harder for bullies to pick on someone if they have backup. Learning to be more confident and not letting bullies see that their words really get to you can help too.But the best way to stop bullying is for everyone at school to work together and not allow it. All students need to keep their hands to themselves and speak to each other with respect. Teachers should look out for bullying and stop it whenever they see it happening. The principal should have very clear rules against bullying that actually get enforced. And parents need to talk to their kids about not bullying and being kind to everyone.I get that some kids bully because they're unhappy themselves or because they think it will make them more popular. But that's no excuse. Bullying is never the right thing to do. To all the bullies out there, please stop and think about how you would feel if someone treated you that way. Put yourself in the other person's shoes for once. Didn't feel good, did it? Exactly.No one deserves to be bullied, ever. We're all human beings who deserve to be treated with dignity and respect, no matter what. So let's work together to make our schools bully-free zones where all kids feel safe, supported and free to learn and just be kids. Who's with me?。

威廉·布莱克《从一颗沙子看世界》（Toseeaworldinagrainofsand）威廉·布莱克（William Blake）是18世纪末、19世纪初的一个英国诗人，活着的时候没人知道，直到20世纪初才被挖掘出来。

他在国内最出名就是下面四行诗：To see a world in a grain of sandAnd a heaven in a wild flower,Hold infinity in the palm of your handAnd eternity in an hour.这四行诗的中译，我估计至少有二三十种。

下面选贴几种。

一沙见世界,一花窥天堂.手心握无限,须臾纳永恒.----译者不详在一颗沙粒中见一个世界，在一朵鲜花中见一片天空，在你的掌心里把握无限，在一个钟点里把握无穷。

----《布莱克诗集》上海三联，张炽恒译从一粒沙看世界，从一朵花看天堂，把永恒纳进一个时辰，把无限握在自己手心。

----王佐良一花一世界，一沙一天国，君掌盛无边，刹那含永劫。

----宗白华一颗沙里看出一个世界一朵野花里一座天堂把无限放在你的手掌上永恒在一刹那里收藏----《世界上最美丽的英文----人生短篇》但是，这几行诗在欧美并不是那么有名，讲起布莱克的时候，也不把这看作他的代表作。

似乎只有中国人才特别迷恋这几句话，我猜想也许因为这首诗跟佛教思想有相通之处有关系。

这四行诗选自一首长达132行、名为《天真的预兆》（Auguries of Innocence）的长诗，是开头四行。

这首长诗似乎并不重要，没有收在布莱克主要几本诗集里，评论家也不谈，我在网上甚至找不到它是写于哪一年的。

这首长诗通篇的风格与前四行诗很吻合，都是那种含有哲理的格言诗，总得来说很费解。

越到后面越难理解，我读了几遍，都没有看明白。

William Blake - Auguries of InnocenceTo see a world in a grain of sand,And a heaven in a wild flower,Hold infinity in the palm of your hand,And eternity in an hour.A robin redbreast in a cagePuts all heaven in a rage.A dove-house fill'd with doves and pigeons Shudders hell thro' all its regions.A dog starv'd at his master's gate Predicts the ruin of the state.A horse misused upon the roadCalls to heaven for human blood.Each outcry of the hunted hareA fibre from the brain does tear.A skylark wounded in the wing,A cherubim does cease to sing.The game-cock clipt and arm'd for fight Does the rising sun affright.Every wolf's and lion's howlRaises from hell a human soul.The wild deer, wand'ring here and there, Keeps the human soul from care.The lamb misus'd breeds public strife, And yet forgives the butcher's knife.The bat that flits at close of eveHas left the brain that won't believe.The owl that calls upon the night Speaks the unbeliever's fright.He who shall hurt the little wrenShall never be belov'd by men.He who the ox to wrath has mov'dShall never be by woman lov'd.The wanton boy that kills the flyShall feel the spider's enmity.He who torments the chafer's sprite Weaves a bower in endless night.The caterpillar on the leafRepeats to thee thy mother's grief.Kill not the moth nor butterfly,For the last judgement draweth nigh. He who shall train the horse to war Shall never pass the polar bar.The beggar's dog and widow's cat, Feed them and thou wilt grow fat.The gnat that sings his summer's song Poison gets from slander's tongue.The poison of the snake and newtIs the sweat of envy's foot.The poison of the honey beeIs the artist's jealousy.The prince's robes and beggar's rags Are toadstools on the miser's bags.A truth that's told with bad intent Beats all the lies you can invent.It is right it should be so;Man was made for joy and woe;And when this we rightly know,Thro' the world we safely go.Joy and woe are woven fine,A clothing for the soul divine.Under every grief and pineRuns a joy with silken twine.The babe is more than swaddling bands; Every farmer understands.Every tear from every eyeBecomes a babe in eternity;This is caught by females bright,And return'd to its own delight.The bleat, the bark, bellow, and roar,Are waves that beat on heaven's shore. The babe that weeps the rod beneath Writes revenge in realms of death.The beggar's rags, fluttering in air,Does to rags the heavens tear.The soldier, arm'd with sword and gun, Palsied strikes the summer's sun.The poor man's farthing is worth more Than all the gold on Afric's shore.One mite wrung from the lab'rer's hands Shall buy and sell the miser's lands;Or, if protected from on high,Does that whole nation sell and buy.He who mocks the infant's faithShall be mock'd in age and death.He who shall teach the child to doubt The rotting grave shall ne'er get out.He who respects the infant's faith Triumphs over hell and death.The child's toys and the old man's reasons Are the fruits of the two seasons.The questioner, who sits so sly,Shall never know how to reply.He who replies to words of doubtDoth put the light of knowledge out. The strongest poison ever knownCame from Caesar's laurel crown.Nought can deform the human raceLike to the armour's iron brace.When gold and gems adorn the plow,To peaceful arts shall envy bow.A riddle, or the cricket's cry,Is to doubt a fit reply.The emmet's inch and eagle's mileMake lame philosophy to smile.He who doubts from what he seesWill ne'er believe, do what you please.If the sun and moon should doubt,They'd immediately go out.To be in a passion you good may do,But no good if a passion is in you.The whore and gambler, by the state Licensed, build that nation's fate.The harlot's cry from street to streetShall weave old England's winding-sheet. The winner's shout, the loser's curse,Dance before dead England's hearse.Every night and every mornSome to misery are born,Every morn and every nightSome are born to sweet delight.Some are born to sweet delight,Some are born to endless night.We are led to believe a lieWhen we see not thro' the eye,Which was born in a night to perish in a night, When the soul slept in beams of light.God appears, and God is light,To those poor souls who dwell in night; But does a human form displayTo those who dwell in realms of day.。

运用心理描写和场面描写的英语作文全文共3篇示例，供读者参考篇1An AwakeningThe rhythmic ticking of the clock echoed through the silent classroom, each second feeling like an eternity as I waited for the final bell. My eyes were glazed over, barely registering the algebra equations scribbled across the chalkboard. Math had never been my strongest subject, but today the numbers and variables danced before my eyes in an indecipherable blur.I could feel the weight of exhaustion pressing heavily on my shoulders, a reminder of the restless night before. Dreams of failure had plagued my sleep, visions of disappointing test scores and a future left in ruin. The all too familiar grip of anxiety had taken hold, its icy fingers wrapping around my throat until I could scarcely breathe.At last, the shrill ringing of the bell sliced through the stillness. I gathered my books with leaden arms, the papers and pencils feeling like led weights in my grasp. The hallways were achurning sea of students, whispers and laughter filling the air as they eagerly made their way towards freedom.I moved through the crowd like a ghost, separate and unseen. My feet carried me not towards the parking lot and the comforts of home, but rather to the quiet solitude of the library. Its towering shelves and musty scent beckoned to me like an old friend, offering an escape from the pressures that threatened to drown me.Sinking into one of the worn armchairs, I let my books spill across the table before me. The harsh fluorescent lights flickered faintly, casting an almost dreamlike glow across the space. Here, surrounded by the collected knowledge of ages, I could finally breathe.My fingers trailed across the spines of volumes that had brought wisdom and wonder to countless minds before mine. Stories of struggle and triumph, of ordinary individuals who had defied the limits placed upon them by society, by circumstance, by their very selves. With each page turned, I could feel the shackles of doubt and insecurity loosening their hold.It was here, amid the peaceful silence, that the veil began to lift. Like a thick fog dissipating to reveal a hidden landscape, the true path became clear to me. The grades, the tests, they werebut temporary obstacles on a journey far greater than I had understood. My value, my potential, transcended the numbers and scores that had weighed me down for so long.Armed with this newfound clarity, the words began to flow from my pen like water breaching a dam. Poems and prose poured forth, a torrent of thoughts and emotions too long restrained. Here were the dreams I had scorned as childish fancies, the passions I had pushed aside in pursuit of acceptability. They spilled across the pages in vibrant hues, no longer muted by the monochrome filters of self-doubt.As the final verse bloomed upon the paper, I felt a profound sense of release, as though some great burden had been lifted from my weary soul. In that moment, cradled within the sacred walls of the library, I understood that this was only the beginning.The path ahead would not be an easy one. Challenges and setbacks were inevitable, the static of societal expectations ever present. But now, I possessed the armor of self-belief, a shining sword to cut through the tangle of insecurities that had bound me for far too long.With a renewed determination, I gathered my belongings and made my way out into the fading light of dusk. The worldseemed different now, the air sweeter, the colors more vibrant. Each step carried me further away from the shackles of yesterday and closer towards a future unbound by the limitations I had imposed upon myself.As I passed through the heavy doors and into the cool evening, a single, blazing thought echoed through my mind:I am awakened. And nobody can dull my shine.篇2The AuditionMy heart raced as I stood in the wings of the old theater, clutching the creased script in my trembling hands. The aroma of dusty velvet curtains mingled with the lingering scent of decades-old greasepaint, transporting me to a world where dreams took flight on the well-trodden boards. This was my moment, the culmination of months of preparation, and the weight of anticipation threatened to crush me.I peered through the gap in the faded crimson drapes, squinting against the glare of the spotlights. The auditorium stretched before me, a vast expanse of empty seats that seemed to mock my ambitions. A bead of sweat trickled down my templeas I struggled to quell the rising tide of self-doubt that threatened to engulf me."You've got this," I whispered to myself, my voice barely audible over the thunderous pounding of my heart.The stage manager's gruff voice pierced the silence, shattering my reverie. "Next!"With leaden steps, I made my way onto the stage, the floorboards creaking beneath my weight as if to herald my arrival. The bright lights seared my eyes, and for a moment, I was blinded, unable to discern the faces of the panel of judges who held my fate in their hands.Gathering every ounce of my resolve, I began to recite the lines that had become etched into my very being. The words tumbled from my lips, each syllable a testament to the countless hours I had spent studying, rehearsing, and perfecting my craft.As the scene unfolded, I found myself transported into the very heart of the character I was portraying. The world around me faded into insignificance, replaced by the vivid tapestry of emotions that wove through the narrative. Joy, sorrow, anger, and love intermingledDesire, fear, rage, and hope coalesced intoa rich tapestry of human experience, and I became the conduit through which these powerful feelings flowed.Time seemed to hold its breath as I lost myself in the role, my voice rising and falling with the ebb and flow of the character's emotional journey. Each gesture, each inflection, was a brushstroke on the canvas of my performance, painting a vivid picture that transcended the confines of the stage.In those fleeting moments, I was no longer a student, a hopeful dreamer clinging to the fringes of ambition. I was the embodiment of the character itself, a vessel through which the playwright's vision came to life.As the final lines left my lips, I found myself enveloped in a silence so profound, it was almost deafening. The auditorium seemed to hold its collective breath, suspended in a moment of shared awe and anticipation.Then, like a thunderclap, applause erupted from the judges' table, echoing through the cavernous space and washing over me like a wave of validation. I basked in the warmth of their approval, my heart swelling with pride and a sense of accomplishment that defied words.In that moment, I knew that regardless of the outcome, I had already won. I had conquered my fears, laid bare my soul, and offered up a piece of myself to the world. The audition had become a transformative experience, a rite of passage that had forged me anew in the crucible of artistic expression.As I took my final bow and exited the stage, the roar of applause still ringing in my ears, I knew that this was merely the beginning. The path ahead was fraught with challenges and uncertainties, but I was ready to embrace them, secure in the knowledge that I had tapped into a wellspring of passion and determination that would sustain me through the inevitable trials and tribulations.For in that sacred space, where dreams took flight and souls were bared, I had found my calling, my raison d'être. And no matter what the future held, I would forever carry with me the memory of that transcendent moment, a talisman against the doubts and fears that threatened to dim the radiance of my ambitions.The audition was over, but the journey had just begun.篇3The Fateful ExamSweat trickled down my forehead as I stared at the daunting stack of papers on my desk - past exam papers for the University Entrance Exam. My heart hammered in my chest as waves of anxiety washed over me. This was it - the make or break moment that would determine the entire course of my future.I took a deep, shuddering breath, trying to calm the turmoil raging inside me. Get a grip, I told myself sternly. You've worked so hard for this. Don't psych yourself out now.Dragging my mind back to the present, I picked up the first practice test and began reading through the questions. Instantly, my mind was a whirlpool of formulae, dates, quotes and facts all swirling together in a dizzying vortex. I felt my chest tighten as doubt started creeping in. What if I blank out during the real exam? What if I miss out on getting into my dream university?No, I can't afford to think like that! Clenching my jaw, I refocused on the papers with renewed determination. I went through them meticulously, double-checking my work and making notes where required. Time slipped by in a blur as I became utterly engrossed."Jayden! It's midnight, take a break!" My mom's concerned voice made me jump. I glanced at the time in disbelief - I'd been at it for over six hours straight!Reluctantly, I set my papers aside and stretched my cramped muscles. As I headed to the kitchen to grab a drink, snippets of overheard conversations from my parents' room made me pause."...I'm just worried he's pushing himself too hard. This exam has consumed his entire life," my mom was saying, her voice hushed but laced with distress."He'll be fine, he's a hard worker. And you know how much getting into ZYX University means to him," my dad responded in a placating tone.My heart clenched at their words. Of course they were stressed about this too - my entire future was riding on this stupid exam. Suddenly overwhelmed, I slumped against the wall, feeling unbearably drained. Maybe they were right, maybe I was obsessing over this unhealthily...Shoving such unproductive thoughts aside, I splashed some cold water on my face and rejoined my study materials with a renewed sense of vigor. I knew I had to keep going, had to give this my all - not just for me, but for my parents too. They had sacrificed so much to ensure I got this coveted shot at an amazing education and bright future.The days blurred together after that in a cycle of study, practice tests and precious little else. My social life wasnon-existent as I remained confined to my room, surrounded by a forteress of books and papers. Stress became my constant companion, filling every breath I took.Finally, the dreaded day arrived. My family showered me with reassurances and well-wishes that morning as we left for the exam center. But their words just seemed to heighten the massive lump of anxiety expanding in my throat.The hall was pandemonium when we arrived, a teeming mass of highly-strung students exchanging last-minute studious whispers. I fought my way to my allocated desk in a daze, the cacophony of noise and nervous energy around me blurring into an indistinct roar in my ears.At last, the final warning bell rang and the exam invigilators took their places at the front. An ominous hush fell over the room as we waited with bated breath. This was it - judgment day."You may begin."Those two small words catalyzed a frenzy of furious writing and paper rustling as everybody rushed to start. My pen feltheavy and foreign in my hand as I turned over the first page of the exam booklet. I couldn't breathe, couldn't think-No. Forcing myself to stop hyperventilating, I focused every ounce of my concentration on the questions in front of me. Gradually, as I fell into the rhythm of answering them one by one, the panic receded. I was okay. I could do this.The next few hours were among the most grueling of my life. Brow furrowed in intense concentration, I worked my way through question after question, fighting to recall every tiny scrap of information I had crammed into my brain over the past months. My hand cramped from the endless writing but still I pressed on, determined to leave nothing unattempted.By the time the exam ended, I was utterly spent - mentally, physically and emotionally drained to the bone. The relief of being done was swiftly overshadowed by the dreaded uncertainty of whether I had done enough to secure my place.The agonizing wait for results that followed was a blur of restless nights and endless worrying. No matter how much I tried to distract myself, the terrifying possibility of failure loomed overhead like a razor-edged guillotine, ready to sever all my hopes and ambitions.At last, the fateful notification email dropped into my inbox one lazy afternoon. My hands trembled violently as I opened it, the future stretching out before me in those few, powerfully impactful lines of text.And then...elation, pure euphoric elation. I had done it! All the hard work, sacrifices and obstacles had paid off - I was going to attend ZYX University! Tears of joy and relief streamed down my face as I shared the new with my ecstatic family.That day, amidst the celebratory hugs and congratulations, it struck me that this was merely the first hurdle. The hard road was just beginning, filled with brand new challenges and obstacles to overcome. But bolstered by my newfound confidence andself-belief, I felt ready to face whatever came my way head-on.Because in that moment, as I brimmed with pride over my hard-earned victory, I realized that the most important thing this entire exam experience had given me wasn't a place at a prestigious university.It was the knowledge that I possessed the grit, determination and resilience to make any dream of mine become a reality. And that was a lesson more valuable than any classroom education could provide.。

UNIT 5Period Four基础练Ⅰ.单词拼写1．With years of hard work，the villagers have turned the ________(沙漠) into green grassland.2．It is not easy to ________(获得) the accuracy and fluency of a foreign language.3．Miss Li obtained a teacher’s ________(证书)，and she is qualified to be a teacher now.4．Building a wide road to the outside world is the top________(要事) for the villagers.5．My mother used to ________(缝制) clothes for us siblings in the past.6．He was ________ (指控) of having thrown the game by his teammates.7．I’m determined to be a ________(律师) for the sake of justice and fairness.8．The ______________(委员会) has relaxed the ban on dogs in city parks.【答案】1．desert2．acquire3．certificate4．priority5．sew6．accused7．lawyer8．councilⅡ.短语填空be popular with，take on responsibility，prepare oneself for，be suited to，a great deal of，up to，be related to1．This kind of school uniform ________________________ the school students，especially senior high school students.2．Mr Black is believed ____________________________ the accident and has been taken away by the police.3．You should work hard and ______________________ the coming final examination.4．It is ____________________ you to prepare dinner for the whole family today.And tomorrow will be my turn.5．Helping others takes up __________________________ his free time.6．I think this blue shirt ________________ you，e over and try it on.7．You are old enough to __________________________ to take care of your sick parents.【答案】1．is popular with2．to be related to3．prepare yourself for4．up to5．a great deal of6．is suited to7．take on responsibilityⅢ.完成句子1．This beer is not bad.I’m beginning ______________ it.这啤酒不错。

高中英语真题:Unit4Earthquake【重点词汇】1. frighten vt. 使惊吓；吓唬The child was frightened to death by the violent thunderstorm. 那孩子让狂风暴雨吓得要命。

The birds were frightened off by the sudden explosion. 群鸟被突然的爆炸声吓跑了。

News of the robberies frightened many people into fitting new lo cks to their doors. 发生抢劫的消息把许多人吓得装上新门锁。

Frightened children were calling for their mothers. 惊恐的孩子们呼喊着找妈妈。

2. burst (burst, burst) n.& vi. 爆裂；突然爆发In the city, the water pipes in some buildings cracked and burst.在市内一些建筑物的水管爆裂开来。

Hearing the good news, all those present burst into cheers. 听到这个好消息，在场的人都欢呼起来。

Suddenly the door burst open and police officers carrying guns rushed in. 突然门被撞开了，全副武装的警察冲了进来。

To our surprise, the boy is constantly bursting out laughing now and then. 奇怪的是这孩子老是突然大笑。

3. judge n. 裁判；法官；vt. 判断；判决；断定；认为It is difficult to judge the full extent of the damage. 很难断定损失有多大。

2009考研英语（二）真题及答案解析Directions：For each numbered blank in the following passage，there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best one and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a pencil.In1999, the price of oil hovered around $16 a barrel. By 2008, it had 21 the $100 a barrel mark. The reasons for the surge 22 from the dramatic growth of the economies of china and India to widespread 23 in oil-producing regions, including Iraq and Nigeria's delta region. Triple-digit oil prices have 24 the economic and political map of the world, 25 some old notions of power. Oil-rich nations are enjoying historic gains and opportunities, 26 major importers—including china and India, home to a third of the world's population 27 rising economic and social costs.Managing this new order is fast becoming a central 28 of global politics. Countries that need oil are clawing at each other to 29 scarce supplies, and are willing to deal with any government, 30 how unpleasant, to do it .In many poor nations with oil , the profits are being ,lost to corruption, 31 these countries of their best hope for development. And oil is fueling enormous investment funds run by foreign governments, 32 some in the west see as a new threat. Countries like Russia, Venezuela and Iran are well supplied with rising oil 33 , a change reflected in newly aggressive foreign policies. But some unexpected countries are reaping benefits, 34 costs, from higher prices. Consider Germany. 35 it imports virtually all its oil, it has prospered from extensive trade with a booming Russia and the Middle East. German exports to Russia 36 128 percent from 2001 to 2006.In the United States, as already high gas prices rose 37 higher in the spring of 2008,the issue cropped up in the presidential campaign, with Senators McCain and Obama 38 for a federal gas tax holiday during the peak summer driving months. And driving habits began to 39 ,as sales of small cars jumped and mass transport systems 40 the country reported a sharp increase in riders.21. A. come B. gone C. crossed D. arrived22. A. covered B. discovered C. arranged D. ranged23. A. intensity B. infinity C. insecurity D. instability24. A. drawn B. redrawn C. retained D. reviewed25. A. fighting B. struggling C. challenging D. threatening26. A. and B. while C. thus D. though27. A. confine B. conflict C. conform D. confront28. A. problem B. question C. matter D. event29. A. look for B. lock up C. send out D. keep off30. A. no matter B. what if C. only if D. in spite of31. A. abolishing B. depriving C. destroying D. eliminating32. A. what B. that C. which D. whom33. A. interests B. taxes C. incomes D. revenues34. A. as many as B. as good as C. as far as D. as well as35. A. Although B. Because C. Since D. As36. A. advanced B. grew C. reduces D. multiplied37. A. even B. still C. rather D. fairly38. A. asking B. requesting C. calling D. demanding39. A. change B. turn C. shift D. transform40. A. for B. from C. across D. overPart III Reading Comprehension (40%)Direction: There are 4 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. You should decide on the best choice. Then blacken the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a pencil.PASSAGE1.Henric Ibsen ,author of the play"A Doll's House", in which a pretty, helpless housewife abandons her husband and children to seek a more serious life, would surely have approved.. From January Ist ,2008, all public companies in Norway are obliged to ensure that at least 40% of their board directors are women. Most firms have obeyed the law, which was passed in 2003.But about 75 out of the 480 or so companies it affects are still too male for the government's liking. They will shortly receivea letter informing them that they have until the end of February to act , or face the legal consequences---which could include being dissolved.Before the law was proposed, about 7% of board members in Norway were female , according to the Centre for Corporate Diversity .The number has since jumped to 36%. That is far higher than the average of 9% for big companies across Europe or America's 15% for the Fortune 500.Norway's stock exchange and its main business lobby oppose the law, as do many businessmen." I am against quotas for women or men as a matter of principle," says Sverre Munck , head of international operations at a media firm. "Board members of public companies should be chosen solely on the basis of merit and experience,"be says. Several firms have even given up their public status in order to escape the new law.Companies have had to recruit about 1,000 women in four years. Many complain that it has been difficult to find experienced candidates. Because of this, some of the best women have collected as many as 25-35 directorships each, and are known in Norwegian business circles as the "golden skirts". One reason for the scarcity is that there are fairly few women in management in Norwegian companies---they occupy around 15% of senior positions. It has been particularly hard for firms in the oil, technology and financial industries to find women with a enough experience. Some people worry that their relative lack of experience may keep women quiet on boards, and that in turn could mean that boards might become less able to hold managers to account. Recent history in Norway, however, suggests that the right women can make strong directors. "Women feel more compelled than men to do their homework," says Ms Reksten Skaugen , who was voted Norway's chairman of the year for 2007, "and we can afford to ask the hard questions, because women are not always expected to know the answers."41. The author mentions Ibsen's play in the first paragraph in order to .A. depict women's dilemma at workB. explain the newly passed lawC. support Norwegian governmentD. introduce the topic under discussion42. A public company that fails to obey the new law could be forced to .A. pay a heavy fineB. close down its businessC. change to a private businessD. sign a document promising to act43. To which of the following is Sverre Munck most likely to agree? A. A set ratio of women in a board is unreasonable.B. A reasonable quota for women at work needs to be set.C. A common principle should be followed by all companies.D. An inexperienced businessman is not subject to the new law.44.The author attributes the phenomenon of "golden skirts" to .A. the small number of qualified females in managementB. the over-recruitment of female managers in public companiesC. the advantage women enjoy when competing for senior positionsD. the discrimination toward women in Norwegian business circles45. The main idea of the passage might be .A. female power and liberation in NorwayB. the significance of Henric Ibsen's playC. women's status in Norwegian firmsD. the constitution of board members in NorwayPASSAGE2.While there's never a good age to get cancer, people in their 20s and 30s can feel particularly isolated. The average age of a cancer patient at diagnosis is 67. Children with cancer often are treated at pediatric (小儿科的) cancer centers, but young adults have a tough time finding peers, often sitting side-by-side during treatments with people who could be their grandparents.In her new book Crazy Sexy Cancer Tips, writer Kris Carr looks at cancer from the perspective of a young adult who confronts death just as she's discovering life. Ms. Carr was 31 when she was diagnosed with a rare from of cancer that had generated tumors on her liver and lungs.Ms. Carr reacted with the normal feelings of shock and sadness. She called her parents and stocked up on organic food, determined to become a "full-time healing addict." Then she picked up the phone and called everyone in her address book, asking if they knew other young women with cancer. The result was her own personal "cancer posse": a rock concert tour manager, a model, a fashion magazine editor, a cartoonist and a MTV celebrity, to name a few. This club of "cancer babes" offered support, advice and fashion tips, among other things.Ms. Carr put her cancer experience in a recent Learning Channel documentary, and she has written a practical guide about how she coped. Cancer isn't funny, but Ms. Carr often is. She swears, she makes up names for the people who treat her ( Dr. Fabulous and Dr. Guru ), and she even makes second sound fun ("cancer road trips," she calls them).She leaves the medical advice to doctors, instead offering insightful and practical tips that reflect the world view of a young adult. "I refused to let cancer ruin my party," she writes. " Thereare just too many cool things to do and plan and live for."Ms. Carr still has cancer, but it has stopped progressing. Her cancer tips include using time-saving mass e-mails to keep friends informed, sewing or buying fashionable hospital gowns so you're not stuck with regulation blue or gray and playing Gloria Gaynor's "I Will Survive" so loud you neighbors call the police. Ms. Carr also advises an eyebrow wax and a new outfit before you tell the important people in your illness. " people you tell are going to cautious and not so cautiously try to see the cancer, so dazzle them instead with your miracle," she writes.While her advice may sound superficial, it gets to the heart of what every cancer patient wants: the chance to live life just as she always did, and maybe better.46. Which of the following groups is more vulnerable to cancer?A. Children.B. People in their 20s and 30s.C. Young adults.D. Elderly people.47. All of the following statements are true EXCEPT _______.A. Kris Carr is a female writerB. Kris Carr is more than 31-year-old.C. Kris Carr works in a cancer center.D. Kris Carr is very optimistic.48. The phrase "cancer posse" (Line 4, para.3 ) probably refers to ________A. a cancer research organizationB. a group of people who suffer from cancerC. people who have recovered from cancerD. people who cope with cancer49. Kris Carr make up names for the people who treat her because ________A. she is depressed and likes swearingB. she is funny and likes playing jokes on doctorC. she wants to leave the medical advice to doctorD. she tries to leave a good impression on doctor50. From Kris Carr's cancer tips we may infer that ________A. she learned to use e-mails after she got cancerB. she wears fashionable dress even after suffering from cancerC. hospital gowns for cancer patients are usually not in bright colorsD. the neighbors are very friendly with cancer patientsPASSAGE3.Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage:Should a leader strive to be loved or feared?This question,famously posed by Machiavelli,lies at the heart of Joseph Nye's new book.Mr.Nye,a former dean of the Kennedy School of Govemment at Harvard and one-time chairman of America's National Intelligence Council,is best known for promoting the idea of "soft power",based on persuasion and influence,as a counterpoint to "hard power",based on coercion(强迫) and force.Having analyzed the use of soft and hard power in politics and diplomacy in his previous books,Mr.Nye has now turned his attention to the relationship between power and leadership,in both the political and business spheres.Machiavelli,he notes,concluded that "one ought to be both feared and loved,but as it is difficult for the two to go together,it is much safer to be feared than loved."In short,hard power is preferable to soft power.But modem leadership theorists have come to the opposite conclusion.The context of leadership is changing,the observe,and the historical emphasis on hard power is becoming outdated.In modem companies and democracies,power is increasingly diffused and traditional hierarchies(等级制) are being undermined,making soft power ever more important.But that does not mean coercion should now take a back seat to persuasion.Mr.Nye argues.Instead,he advocates a synthesis of these two views.The conclusion of The Powers to Lead ,his survey of the theory of leadership,is that a combination of hard and soft power,which he calls”smart power”,is the best approach.The dominant theoretical model of leadership at the moment is ,apparently,the “transformational leadership pattern”.Anone allergic(反感) to management term will already be running for the exit,but Mr,Nye has performed a valuable service in rounding up and summarizing the various academic studies and theories of leadcriship into a single,slim volume.He examines different approaches to leadership,the morality of leadership and how the wider context can determine the effcctiveness of a particular leader.There are plcnty of anccdotes and examples,both historical and contemporary,political and corporate.Alsa,leadership is a slippery subject,and as he depicts various theories,even Mr.Nye never quite nails the jelly to the wall.He is at his most interesting when discussing the moral aspects of leadershipin particular,the question of whether it is sometimes necessary for good leaders to lie -and he provides a helpful 12-point summary of his conclusions.A recuming theme is that as circumstances change,different sorts of leadcrs are required;a leader who thrives in one environment may struggle in another,and vice versa.Ultimately that is just a fancy way of saying that leadcrship offers no casy answers.51.From the first two paragraphs we may learn than Mr.Machiavelli's idea of hard power is ______.A.well accepted by Joseph NyeB.very influential till nowadaysC.based on sound theoriesD.contrary to that of modem leadership theorists52.Which of the following makes soft power more important today according to Mr.Nye?A.Coercion is widespread.B.Morality is devalued.C.Power is no longer concentrated.D.Traditional hierarchies are strengthened53.In his book the Powers to lead,Mr.Nye has exmined all the following aspects of leadership EXCEPT_____.A.authorityB.contextC.approachesD.morality54.Mr.Nye's book is particularly valuable in that it _____.A.makes little use of management termsB.summarizes various studies conciselyC.serves as an exit for leadership researchersD.sets a model for contemporary corporate leaders55.According to the author,the most interesting part of Mr.Nye's book lies in his _____.A.view of changeable leadershipB.definition of good leadershipC.summary of leadership historyD.discussion of moral leadershipPASSAGE4Questions 56to 60are based on the following passage:Americans don't like to lose wars. Of course, a lot depends on how you define just what a war is. There are shooting wars-the kind that test patriotism and courage-and those are the kind at which the U.S excels. But other struggles test those qualities too. What else was the Great Depression or the space race or the construction of the railroads? If American indulge in a bit of flag—when the job is done, they earned it.Now there is a similar challenge. Global warming. The steady deterioration(恶化)of the very climate of this very planet is becoming a war of the first order, and by any measure, the U.S. produces nearly a quarter of the world's greenhouse gases each year and has stubbornly made it clear that it doesn't intend to do a whole lot about it. Although 174 nations approved the admittedly flawed Kyoto accords to reduce carbon levels, the U.S. walked away from them. There are vague promises of manufacturing fuel from herbs or powering cars with hydrogen. But for a country that tightly cites patriotism as one of its core values, the U.S. is taking a pass on what might be the most patriotic struggle of all. It's hard to imagine a bigger fight than one for the survival of a country's coasts and farms, the health of its people and stability of its economy.The rub is, if the vast majority of people increasingly agree that climate change is a global emergency, there's far less agreement on how to fix it. Industry offers its pans, which too often would fix little. Environmentalists offer theirs, whichtoo often amount to native wish lists that could weaken American's growth. But let's assume that those interested parties and others will always bent the table and will always demand that their voices be heard and that their needs be addressed. What would an aggressive, ambitious, effective plan look like-one that would leave the U.S. both environmentally safe and economically sound?Halting climate change will be far harder. One of the more conservative plans for addressing the problem calls for a reduction of 25 billion tons of carbon emissions over the next 52 year. And yet by devising a consistent strategy that mixes and blends pragmatism(实用主义)with ambition, the U.S. can, without major damage to the economy, help halt the worst effects of climate change and ensure the survival of its way of life for future generations. Money will do some of the work, but what's needed most is will. "I'm not saying the challenge isn't almost overwhelming," says Fred Krupp. "But this is America, and America has risen to these challenges before."56. What does the passage mainly discuss?A. Human wars.B. Economic crisis.C. America's environmental policies.D. Global environment in general.57. From the last sentence of paragraph 2 we may learn that the survival of a country's coasts and farms, the health of its people and the stability of its economyis__________.A. of utmost importanceB. a fight no one can winC. beyond people's imaginationD. a less significant issue58. Judging from the context, the word "rub"(Line 1, Para.3)probably means_______.A. frictionB. contradictionC. conflictD. problem59. What is the author's attitude toward America's policies on global warming?A. CriticalB. IndifferentC. SupportiveD. Compromising60. The paragraphs immediately following this passage would most probably deal with___________.A. the new book written by Fred KruppB. how America can fight against global warmingC. the harmful effects of global warmingD. how America can tide over economic crisisPart Ⅳ TranslationWith the nation’s financial system teetering on a cliff. The compensation arrangements for executives of the big banks and other financial firms are coming under close examination again.Bankers’ excessive risk- taking is a significant cause of this financial crisis and has continued, to others in the past, in this case, it was fueled by low interest rates and kept going by a false sense of security created by a debt-fueled bubble in the economy.Mortgage lenders gladly lent enormous sums to those who could not afford to pay them back dividing the laws and selling them off to the next financial institution along the chain, advantage of the same high-tech securitization to load on more risky mortgage-based assets.Financial regulation will have to catch up with the most irresponsible practices that led banks down in this road, in hopes averting the next crisis, which is likely to involve different financial techniques and different sorts of assets. But it is worth examining the root problem of compensation schemes that are tied to short-term profits and revenue’s, and thus encourage bankers to take irresponsible risks. Section Ⅲ Translation 46. Directions: In this section there is a text in English. Translate it into Chinese. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET 2. (15 points) Who would have thought that, globally, the IT industry produces about the same volume of greenhouse gases as the world’s airlines do --- roughly 2 percent of all CO2 emissions? Many everyday tasks take a surprising toll on the environment. A Google search can leak between 0.2 and 7.0 grams of CO2, depending on how many attempts are needed to get the “right” answer. To deliver results to its users quickly, then, Google has to maintain vast data centres around the world, packed with powerful computers. While producing large quantities of CO2, these computers emit a great deal of heat, so the centres need to be well air-conditioned, which uses even more energy. However, Google and other big tech providers monitor their efficiency closely and make improvements. Monitoring is the first step on the road to reduction , but there is much more to be done, and not just by big companies.小作文真题：suppose your cousin LI MING has just been admited to a university write him/her a letter to:(1)Congratulate him/her,and(2)give him/her suggestions on how to get prepared for university life you should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2. DO not sign your own name at the end of the letter,Use "zhangwe"大作文真题：write a short essay baesd on the following chart.in your writing,you should:1)interpret the chart and2)give your comments you should write at least 150 wrods write your essay on answer sheet 2(15points)2009考研英语（二）真题及答案解析（4）答案SECTION 221-30 CDDBC BDABA31-40 BADDA BACACSECTION 341-50 BBAAC CCBCC51-60 DCABD CAAACSECTION 4由于国家金融体制处于危机边缘动荡,一些大银行和金融机构中的高级管理人员的补偿金计划就受到密切关注. 银行家们过度冒险是金融危机的至关重要原因,在历史上也有类似情况.在这种情况下,一般是由低息引起并造成持续的错觉,其实是一种债务泡沫经济. 抵押贷款人很乐意把大量资金借给无力偿还的人,就把贷款瓜分了,并沿这样的链条出售给下一个金融机构,这些做法都在利用高科技证券业,结果,却增加了抵押资产的风险. 金融条例必须能应付这种能使银行下滑的,最不负责任的做法,以期扭转下一个危机,而这下一个危机很可能包括有各种类型的技术和资产.但值得审视补偿金计划的根本问题,因为那是眼前利益,但却让银行家们不负责任的甘冒风险.46.Directions:In this section there is a text in English .Translate it into Chinese. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET2.(15points)“Suatainability” has become apopular word these days, but to Ted Ning, the concept will always have personal meaning. Having endured apainful period of unsustainability in his own life made itclear to him that sustainability-oriented values must be expressed though everyday action and choice.Ning recalls spending aconfusing year in the late 1990s selling insurance. He‟d been though the dot-com boom and burst and,desperate for ajob,signed on with a Boulder agency.It didin‟t go well. “It was a really had move because that‟s not my passion,” says Ning, whose dilemma about the job translated, predictably, into a lack of sales. “I was miserable, I had so much anxiety that I would wake up in the middle of the night and stare at the ceiling. I had no money and needed the job. Everyone said, …Just wait, you‟ll trun the corner, give it some time.‟”翻译参考“坚持不懈”如今已成一个流行词汇，但对TedNing而言，这个概念一直有个人含义，经历了一段痛苦松懈的个人生活，使他清楚面向以坚持不懈为导向的价值观，必须贯彻到每天的行动和选择中。

美国校园俚语Top 20 College Slang TermsCal Poly, Pomona, 19981998年最流行的20条美国校园俚语20. sweet (adj.) Good; very good; nice.19. wack/wacked/whack/whacked (adj.) Uncool; boring; ugly; messed up; not right; bad.18. da bomb/the bomb (adj.) Good; very good; the best.17. What's up? (int.) Greeting; hi.16. like (int.) No real meaning; just a filler.15. mack/mack on(verb) To kiss; to make out; to engage in heavy kissing.14. chick (noun) [often regarded as offensive by females] A female.13. floss (verb) To show off; to flaunt; to be flashy.12. phat (adj.) Good; very good; cool; great; awesome.11. stoked (adj.) Very happy and/or excited.10. cool (adj.) Good; very good; excellent.9. grub/grub on (verb) To eat.8. dope (adj.) Good; very good; cool; great.7. my bad (phrase) My fault; my mistake (implies apology).6. kick it (verb) To relax.5. tight (adj.) Good; very good; sharp; cool; dope; attractive.4. player/playa (noun) A person (usually male) who dates (usually secretly) many other people at the same time; someone not serious about a relationship; a womanizer.3. trip/trip out (verb) To act crazy and/or overemotional; to overreact; to worry excessively.2. chill/chill out (verb) To relax.1. Da/the bomb: (adjective) Great; awesome; extremely cool.Top 20 College Slang TermsCal Poly, Pomona, 19971997年最流行的20条美国校园俚语20. Crash: (verb)To rest or sleep.19. All that: (adjective)1. Great; the best. 2. Superior to others; conceited.18. Grub: 1.(verb) To eat. 2.(noun) Food, meal.17. Dude: 1.(noun) Person, especially male. 2.(interjection) A greeting orsalutation. 3.(interjection)An indication of surprise.16. Hottie: (noun) An attractive person.15. Bad: 1.(adjective) Good. 2.(noun) Fault.14. What's up?: (greeting) Hi; what is new or happening?13. Jack up: 1.(verb) To mess up or ruin. 2.(adjective) Mean, cruel.12. Hoochie: (noun)1. A person that is sexually promiscuous. 2. A sexy woman. 3. A female who dresses provacatively.11. Homey: (noun) A friend or buddy, pal.10. Dis': (verb) 1. To disrespect, make fun of, tease, harass. 2. To ignore, treat badly, brush off.9. Cool: (adjective) 1. Calm. 2. Fine, acceptable. 3. Neat; exciting; interesting; very good.8. Phat: (adjective) 1. Cool; very good. 2. Attractive or nice. 3. Large; huge. 4. Big; high, especially used as a term by skateboarders, rollerbladers or snowboarders to describe a jump.5. Someone who is respected, looked up to.7. My bad: (noun) My fault.6. Stoked: (adjective) 1. Excited; very happy; psyched. 2. Surprised or bewildered.5. Kick it: (verb) 1. To relax. 2. Command to pay attention.4. Trip/trip out/trippin': 1.(noun) An unusual or strange thing or event. 2.(verb)To act out of character. 3.(verb) To not make sense. 4.(verb) To be overwhelmed.5.(verb) To overreact.6.(verb)To disagree.7.(verb) To get upset; to rage.8.(verb) To act crazy or surprised.9.(verb)To act as though one is high on drugs.3. Chill: (verb) To relax; calm down.2. Dope: (adjective) Something that's fun, addicting, awesome, out of this world, cool, hipand/or attractive.1. Da/the bomb: (adjective) Great; awesome; extremely cool.听力小词经典100例1，a change of pace 节奏变换You can't do these chemistry experiments all day long. You certainly need a change of pace. 2, a far cry from 相距甚远The published book is far cry from the early manuscript. 3, and how 的确A: She's a good dancer. B: and how. 4, a matter of time 时间问题It is only a matter of time. 5, a phone call away 一个电话之远，愿意过来帮忙。