高中英语名词用法名词可以分为专有名词和普通名词，专有名词是某个（些）人，地方，机构等专有的名称，如Beijing，China等。
普通名词是一类人或东西或是一个抽象概念的名词，如：book，sadness 等。
普通名词又可分为下面四类：1）个体名词：表示某类人或东西中的个体，如：gun。
2）集体名词：表示若干个个体组成的集合体，如：family。
3）物质名词：表示无法分为个体的实物，如：air。
4）抽象名词：表示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象概念，如：work。
个体名词和集体名词可以用数目来计算，称为可数名词，物质名词和抽象名词一般无法用数目计算，称为不可数名词。
归纳一下，名词的分类可以下图表示：名词专有名词不可数名词普通名词物质名词抽象名词集体名词可数名词个体名词1.1 名词复数的规则变化情况构成方法读音例词一般情况加 -s 清辅音后读/s/ map-maps浊辅音和元音后读 /z/ bag-bags /car-cars以s, sh, ch, x等结尾加 -es 读 /iz/ bus-buses/ watch-watches以ce, se, ze,等结尾加 -s 读 /iz/ license-licenses以辅音字母+y结尾变y 为i再加es 读 /z/ baby---babies1.2 其它名词复数的规则变化1）以y结尾的专有名词，或元音字母+y 结尾的名词变复数时，直接加s变复数。
例如：two Marys the Henrysmonkey---monkeys holiday---holidays2）以o 结尾的名词，变复数时：a. 加s，如： photo---photos piano---pianosradio---radios zoo---zoos；b. 加es，如：potato--potatoes tomato--tomatoesc. 上述a和b两种方法均可，如zero---zeros / zeroes。
3）以f或fe 结尾的名词变复数时：a. 加s，如： belief---beliefs roof---roofssafe---safes gulf---gulfs；b. 去f,fe 加ves，如：half---halvesknife---knives leaf---leaves wolf---wolveswife---wives life---lives thief---thieves；c. 上述a和b两种方法均可，如handkerchief: handkerchiefs / handkerchieves。
1.3 名词复数的不规则变化1） child---children foot---feet tooth---teethmouse---mice man---men woman---women注意：由一个词加 man 或 woman构成的合成词，其复数形式也是 -men 和-women，如an Englishman，two Englishmen。
但German不是合成词，故复数形式为Germans；Bowman是姓，其复数是the Bowmans。
2）单复同形，如deer，sheep，fish，Chinese，Japanese ，li，jin，yuan，two li，three mu，four jin等。
但除人民币的元、角、分外，美元、英镑、法郎等都有复数形式。
如：a dollar, two dollars; a meter, two meters。
3）集体名词，以单数形式出现，但实为复数。
例如：people police cattle 等本身就是复数，不能说 a people，a police，a cattle，但可以说a person，a policeman，a head of cattle, the English，the British，the French，the Chinese，the Japanese，the Swiss 等名词，表示国民总称时，作复数用，如The Chinese are industries and brave. 中国人民是勤劳勇敢的。
4）以s结尾，仍为单数的名词，如：a. maths，politics，physics等学科名词，一般是不可数名词，为单数。
b. news 为不可数名词。
c. the United States，the United Nations 应视为单数。
The United Nations was organized in 1945. 联合国是1945年组建起来的。
d. 以复数形式出现的书名，剧名，报纸，杂志名，也可视为单数。
例如：\"The Arabian Nights\" is a very interesting story-book. 《一千零一夜》是一本非常有趣的故事书。
5）表示由两部分构成的东西，如：glasses （眼镜）trousers, clothes等，若表达具体数目，要借助数量词 pair（对，双）; suit（套）; a pair of glasses; two pairs of trousers等。
6）另外还有一些名词，其复数形式有时可表示特别意思，如：goods货物，waters水域，fishes（各种）鱼。
1.4 不可数名词量的表示1）物质名词a. 当物质名词转化为个体名词时为可数。
比较：Cake is a kind of food. 蛋糕是一种食物。
（不可数）These cakes are sweet. 这些蛋糕很好吃。
（可数）b. 当物质名词表示该物质的种类时，可数。
例如：This factory produces steel. （不可数）We need various steels. （可数）c. 当物质名词表示份数时，可数。
例如：Our country is famous for tea. 我国因茶叶而闻名。
Two teas, please. 请来两杯茶。
2）抽象名词表示具体的事例时也可数。
例如：four freedoms 四大自由 the four modernizations四个现代化物质名词和抽象名词可以借助单位词表一定的数量，如a glass of water 一杯水/ a piece of advice 一则建议。
5. 定语名词的复数名词作定语一般用单数，但也有以下例外。
1) 用复数作定语。
例如：sports meeting 运动会 students reading-room 学生阅览室talks table 谈判桌 the foreign languages department 外语系2） man, woman, gentleman等作定语时，其单复数以所修饰的名词的单复数而定。
例如： men workers women teachers gentlemen officials3）有些原有s结尾的名词，作定语时，s保留。
例如：goods train （货车） arms produce 武器生产customs papers 海关文件 clothes brush 衣刷4）数词+名词作定语时，这个名词一般保留单数形式。
例如：two-dozen eggs 两打鸡蛋 a ten-mile walk 十英里路two-hundred trees 两百棵树 a five-year plan. 一个五年计划1.6 不同国籍人的单复数国籍总称（谓语用复数）单数复数中国人 the Chinese a Chinese two Chinese瑞士人 the Swiss a Swiss two Swiss澳大利亚人 the Australians an Australian two Australians俄国人 the Russians a Russian two Russians意大利人 the Italians an Italian two Italians希腊人 the Greek a Greek two Greeks法国人 the French a Frenchman two Frenchmen日本人 the Japanese a Japanese two Japanese美国人 the Americans an American two Americans印度人 the Indians an Indian two Indians加拿大人 the Canadians a Canadian two Canadians德国人 the Germans a Germans two Germans英国人 the English an Englishman two Englishmen瑞典人 the Swedish a Swede two Swedes1.7 名词的格英语中有些名词可以加\"\'s\"来表示所有关系，带这种词尾的名词形式称为该名词的所有格，如：a teacher\'s book。
名词所有格的规则如下：1）单数名词词尾加\"\'s\"，复数名词词尾没有s，也要加\"\'s\"，如the boy\'s bag 男孩的书包，men\'s room 男厕所。
2）若名词已有复数词尾-s ，只加\" \' \"，如：the workers\' struggle 工人的斗争。
3）凡不能加\"\'s\"的名词，都可以用\"名词+of +名词\"的结构来表示所有关系，如：the title of the song 歌的名字。
4）在表示店铺或教堂的名字或某人的家时，名词所有格的后面常常不出现它所修饰的名词，如：the barber\'s 理发店。
5）如果两个名词并列，并且分别有\'s，则表示\"分别有\"；只有一个\'s，则表示\'共有\'。
例如：John\'s and Mary\'s rooms（两间）John and Mary\'s room（一间）6）复合名词或短语，\'s 加在最后一个词的词尾。
例如：a month or two\'s absence 名词综合练习题：1. It won’t make much ________ whether you agree or not.A. difficultyB. troubleC. differenceD. matter2. No one has yet succeeded in explaining the ________ of how life began.A. causeB. problemC. reasonD. puzzle3. You must get there within an hour. There should be no ___ in sending this information to him.A. questionB. problemC. quarrelD. delay4. I can’t give you the card without Smith’s ________.A. agreementB. allowingC. permissionD. perfomance5. What impressed me most was that they never lost ________.A. heartsB. heartC. their heartD. their hearts6. Though I spoke to him many times, he never took any ________ of what I said.A. remarkB. observationC. attentionD. notice7. I went to buy a ________ of China Daily.A. pieceB. sheetC. lotD. copy8. Shelly had prepared carefully for her English examination so that she could be sure of passing it on her first ________.A. intentionB. purposeC. attemptD. desire9. There are usually at least two ________ of looking at every question.A. meansB. directionsC. viewsD. ways10. We have worked out the plan and now we must put it into ________.A. factB. realityC. practiceD. deed11. She is young for the job, but on the other ________, she is well trained.A. wayB. situationC. chanceD. hand12. The most important________ of his speech was that we should all work whole-heartedly for the people.A. pointB. senseC. spotD. view13. --- I’d like ________ information about the management of your hotel, please. --- Well, you could have ________ word with the manager. He might be helpful.A. some; aB. an; someC. some; someD. an; a14. He told me he had been offered a very well-paid ________.A. businessB. serviceC. workD. position15. Each player must obey ________, who is the leader of the team.A. captainB. a captainC. the captainD. captains16. It was ________ that he had to ask for help.A. such big a workB. a so big jobC. a so big workD. such a big job17. He dropped the ________ and broke it.A. cup of coffeeB. coff ee’s cupC. cup for coffeeD. coffee cup18. What ________! Where did you get them?A. big fishB. a big fishC. a piece of big fishD. big a fish19. He left ________ with my secretary that he would call again in the afternoon. He said he would keep ________.A. words; his wordsB. word; his wordC. word; wordD. the word; his words20. The new law will come into ________ on the day it is passed.A. effectB. useC. serviceD. existence21. We held a party in ________ of our Australian teacher, Meggi.A. prizeB. honorC. praiseD. pride22. --- Tom, will you boys play soldiers outside? There’s not enough ________ for you boys here.--- But we can play in the next ________, can’t we?A. places; placeB. room; roomC. rooms; spaceD. house; rooms23. --- Is this bridge made of ________?--- Yes, it is made of 2300 huge ________.A. stone; stoneB. stones; stonesC. stone; stonesD. stones; stone24. --- Mum, I’m going to visit my aunt. What about a week?--- A week is too long. Try to be back in a ________ of days.A. numberB. dozenC. fewD. couple25. Mrs. Green tried hard to find a job but she had no ________.A. luckB. timeC. hopeD. chance26. His daughter is always shy in ________ and she never dares to make a speech to ________.A. the public; the publicB. public; the publicC. the public; publicD. public; public27. Fast-food restaurants are ________ to us all.A. of many helpsB. a great helpC. great helpsD. much help28. These young people are now making an active ________ to beautify (美化) our city.A. partB. effortC. decisionD. plan29. --- What you like may not be what I like.--- Yes, one man’s meal is another man’s ________.A. poisonB. medicineC. mealD. food30. He said that two ________ would come to our school the next day.A. woman scientistB. women scientistC. woman scientistsD. women scientists31. My ________ all ________ hard for the people.A. family; workB. family; worksC. families; workD. families; works32. Dr. Jones ordered ________ for the laboratory.A. two equipmentsB. two pieces of equipmentsC. two pieces of equipmentD. two equipment pieces33. --- Where have you been?--- I’ve been to________.A. the TurnersB. the Turner'sC. Mr. Turners'D. the Turners'34. Many children have to see the films for________．A. grown-upB. growns-upC. grown-upsD. growns-ups35. I told about some of the terrible ________ I had had in the war.A. experienceB. experiencesC. experiencingD. experienced things36. The table is only ________ high.A. two-footB. two footC. two-feetD. two feet37. These days I employed two ________ in my house.A. man-servantsB. men-servantC. man-servantD. men-servants38. That' s________.A. James and Charles fatherB. James and Charles's fatherC. James's and Charles's fatherD. James's and Charles father39. ________ is published daily.A. TimeB. TimesC. The TimeD. The Times40. There are many ________ in big ________.A. ladies driver; citysB. lady drivers; citiesC. ladies drivers, citiesD. ladies driver; city。
