下载文档原格式
解剖英文anatomy 解剖学locomotor system 运动系统osteology 骨学bone 骨cartilage 软骨bone marrow 骨髓vertebra 椎骨cervical vertebrae 颈椎thoracic vertebrae 胸椎lumbar vertebrae腰椎sacrum 骶骨coccyx 尾骨rib 肋costal bone 肋骨sternum 胸骨sternal angle 胸骨角cranium, skull 颅orbit 眶paranasal sinus 鼻旁窦frontal sinus 额窦maxillary sinus 上颌窦sphenoidal sinus 蝶窦ethmoidal sinus 筛窦pterion 翼点cranial fontanelles 颅囟clavicle 锁骨humerus 肱骨scapula 肩胛骨radius 桡骨ulna 尺骨carpal bones 腕骨metacarpal bones掌骨phalanges 指骨/趾骨hip bone 髋骨ilium 髂骨ischium 坐骨pubis 耻骨acetabulum 髋臼femur 股骨patella 髌骨tibia 胫骨fibula 腓骨tarsal bones 跗骨metatarsal bones 跖骨arthrology 关节学fibrous joint 纤维连结cartilaginous joint 软骨连结synosteosis 骨性结合joint, articulation 关节vertebral column 脊柱intervertebral disc 椎间盘thoracic cage 胸廓temporomandibular joint颞下颌关节shoulder joint 肩关节elbow joint 肘关节radiocarpal joint/wrist joint桡腕关节pubic symphysis 耻骨联合pelvis 骨盆terminal line 界线sarotuberous ligament骶结节韧带sarospinous ligament骶棘韧带greater sciatic foramen坐骨大孔hip joint 髋关节knee joint 膝关节ankle joint 踝关节transverse tarsal joint跗横关节meniscus 半月板mycology 肌学muscle 肌肉tendon 肌腱aponeurosis 腱膜fascia 筋膜trapezius m. 斜方肌latissimus dorsi m. 背阔肌erector spinae m. 竖脊肌sternocleidomastoid m.胸锁乳突肌pectoralis major m. 胸大肌serratus anterior m. 前锯肌intercostal m. 肋间肌diaphragm 膈obliquus externus abdominis m. 腹外斜肌inguinal ligament 腹股沟韧带sheath of rectus abdominis腹直肌鞘linea alba 腹白线inguinal canal 腹股沟管inguinal triangle 腹股沟三角deltoid m. 三角肌biceps brachii m. 肱二头肌triceps brachii m. 肱三头肌gluteus maximus m. 臀大肌sartorius m. 缝匠肌quadriceps femoris m.股四头肌adductor magnus m. 大收肌triceps surae m. 小腿三头肌splanchnology 内脏学alimentary system 消化系统digestive tube/digestive tract消化管oral cavity 口腔palate 腭tongue 舌cheek 颊tooth 牙tonsil 扁桃体salivary glands 唾液腺sublingual gland 舌下腺parotid gland 腮腺submandibular gland 下颌下腺pharynx 咽esophagus 食管stomach, gaster 胃cardia 贲门pylorus 幽门small intestine 小肠duodenum 十二指肠jejunum 空肠ileum 回肠caecum 盲肠vermiform appendix 阑尾colon 结肠sigmoid colon 乙状结肠rectum 直肠anal canal 肛管anus 肛门liver, hepar 肝porta hepatis 肝门gall bladder 胆囊pancreas 胰respiratory system 呼吸系统nose 鼻nasal cavity 鼻腔larynx 喉trachea 气管bronchus 支气管lung 肺pleura 胸膜pleural cavity 胸膜腔pleural recesses 胸膜隐窝costodiaphragmatic recess肋膈隐窝mediastinum 纵隔urinary system 泌尿系统kidney 肾renal hilum 肾门renal pedicle 肾蒂ureter 输尿管urinary bladder 膀胱urethra 尿道reproductive system生殖系统testis 睾丸epididymis 附睾ductus deferens 输精管ejaculatory duct 射精管spermatic cord 精索prostate/prostate gland前列腺seminal vesicle 精囊bulbourethral gland 尿道球腺scrotum 阴囊penis 阴茎ovary 卵巢uterine tube 输卵管uterus 子宫vagina 阴道mamma, breast 乳房perineum 会阴pelvic diaphragm 盆膈urogenital diaphragm尿生殖膈peritoneum 腹膜greater omentum 大网膜omental burse 网膜囊mesentery 肠系膜subphrenic space 膈下间隙rectovesical ponch直肠膀胱陷凹rectouterine pouch直肠子宫陷凹angiology 脉管学cardiovascular system心血管系统lymphatic syatem 淋巴系统heart 心cardiac atrium 心房cardiac ventricle 心室tricuspid valve 三尖瓣mitral valve 二尖瓣conus arteriosus 动脉圆锥pulmonary orifice 肺动脉口aortic sinus 主动脉窦interatrial septum 房间隔interventricular septum 室间隔sinuatrial node 窦房结atrioventricular node 房室结atrioventricular bundle房室束coronary artery 冠状动脉pericardium 心包pulmonary trunk 肺动脉干arterial ligament 动脉韧带common carotid a.颈总动脉carotid glomus 颈动脉小球internal carotid a. 颈内动脉facial a. 面动脉superficial temporal a.颞浅动脉subclavian a. 锁骨下动脉axillary a. 腋动脉brachial a. 肱动脉ulnar a. 尺动脉radial a. 桡动脉superficial palmar arch 掌浅弓thoracic aorta 胸主动脉abdominal aorta 腹主动脉coeliac trunk 腹腔干left gastric a. 胃左动脉common hepatic a. 肝总动脉splenic a. 脾动脉right gastroepiploic a. 胃网膜右动脉superior mesenteric a.肠系膜上动脉common iliac a. 髂总动脉external iliac a. 髂外动脉popliteal a. 腘动脉posterior tibial a. 胫后动脉peroneal a. 腓动脉dorsal artery of foot 足背动脉uterine a. 子宫动脉superior vena cava 上腔静脉brachiocephalic vein头臂静脉internal jugular v. 颈内静脉cephalic v. 头静脉basilic v. 贵要静脉median cubital v. 肘正中静脉azygos v. 奇静脉great saphenous v. 大隐静脉portal v. 门静脉paraumbilical v. 附脐静脉thoracic duct 胸导管superficial inguinal lymph nodes 腹股沟浅淋巴结spleen 脾thymus 胸腺sensory organs 感觉器visual organs 视器eye 眼cornea 角膜sclera 巩膜iris 虹膜pupil 瞳孔ciliary body 睫状体choroid 脉络膜retina 视网膜optic disc 视神经盘macula lutea 黄斑aqueous humor 房水lens 晶状体vitreous body 玻璃体conjunctiva 结膜lacrimal apparatus 泪器ear 耳tympanic membrane 鼓膜tympanic cavity 鼓室auditory tube 咽鼓管vestibule 前庭cochlea 耳蜗semicircular canal 半规管peripheral nervous system周围神经系统spinal nerve 脊神经spinal ganglia 脊神经节cervical plexus 颈丛phrenic n. 膈神经brachial plexus 臂丛median n. 正中神经musculocutaneous n. 肌皮神经intercostal n. 肋间神经lumbar plexus 腰丛obturator n. 闭孔神经sacral plexus 骶丛sciatic n. 坐骨神经tibial n. 胫神经common peroneal n. 腓总神经cranial n. 脑神经olfactory n. 嗅神经optic n. 视神经oculomotor n. 动眼神经trochlear n. 滑车神经trigeminal n. 三叉神经ophthalmic n. 眼神经maxillary n. 上颌神经mandibular n. 下颌神经abducent n. 展神经facial n. 面神经vestibulocochlear n.前庭蜗神经glossopharyngeal n. 舌咽神经vagus n. 迷走神经accessory n. 副神经hypoglossal n. 舌下神经chorda tympani 鼓索autonomic nervous system自主神经系统sympathetic nerve交感神经parasympathetic nerve副交感神经central nervous system中枢神经系统spinal cord脊髓gray matter灰质cortex 皮质nucleus 神经核white matter 白质medulla 髓质fasciculus 纤维束ganglion 神经节reticular formation 网状结构spinal cord脊髓anterior horn前角posterior funiculus 后索anterior white commissure白质前连合fasciculus gracilis 薄束fasciculus cuneatus 楔束spinothalamic tract脊髓丘脑束corticospinal tract 皮质脊髓束corticonuclear tract 皮质核束brain, encephalon 脑brain stem脑干medulla oblongata延髓pyramid锥体pyramidal decussation锥体交叉pons脑桥midbrain, mesencephalon中脑red nucleus 红核substantia nigra 黑质cerebellum小脑diencephalon间脑thalamus丘脑hypothalamus 下丘脑optic chiasma 视交叉medial geniculate body内侧膝状体telencephalon端脑lateral ventricle侧脑室choroid plexus脉络丛internal capsule 内囊corpus callosum 胼胝体corpus striatum 纹状体cerebral cortex 大脑皮质hippocampal formation海马结构limbic system 边缘系统extrapyramidal system锥体外系cerebral dura mater 硬脑膜cavernous sinus海绵窦epidural space 硬膜外隙subarachnoid space蛛网膜下隙spinal pia mater 软脊膜cerebrospinal fluid 脑脊液endocrine glands 内分泌腺thyroid gland 甲状腺parathyroid gland甲状旁腺suprarenal gland肾上腺hypophysis垂体pineal corpus松果体。
解剖学anatomy人体解剖学human anatomy系统解剖学systematic anatomy, descriptive anatomy 局部解剖学topographic anatomy, regional anatomy 应用解剖学applied anatomy临床解剖学clinical anatomy外科解剖学surgical anatomy解剖学姿势anatomical position内面internal(or interior)surface外面external(or exterior)surface浅层superficial layer 深层deep layer头head颅cranium, skull额front枕occipit颞temples耳ear面face眼eye鼻nose口mouth唇lip颈neck, cervix, collum 躯干trunk背back胸thorax, chest腹abdomen脐umbilicus盆部pelvis四肢limbs, extremities 上肢upper limb肩shoulder腋axilla臂arm肘elbow前臂forearm手hand腕wrist掌palm鱼际thenar小鱼际hypothenar手指finger 拇指thumb示指index finger下肢lower limb髋hip股（又称大腿) thigh膝knee小腿leg踝ankle, malleolus足foot跗tarsus跖sole趾toe骨及骨连结bone and joint骨学osteology骨骼skeleton骨骼系统skeletal system骨bone长骨long bone短骨short bone扁骨flat bone不规则骨irregular bone骨密质compact bonysubstance骨松质spongy bonysubstance骨膜periosteum骨内膜endosteum黄骨髓yellow bony marrow红骨髓red bony marrow骺epiphysis骨干diaphysis干骺端metaphysis骺线epiphysial line滋养孔nutrient foramen髓腔medullary cavity突process棘spine隆起eminence粗隆tuberosity结节uber, tubercle嵴crest线line窝concavity, fossa压迹impression腔cavity窦autrum, sinus管canal, duct孔foramen,opening口mouth, apertura, aditus,ostium裂孔hiatus髁condyle上髁epicondyle缘margin切迹notch, incisura缝suture软骨连结cartilaginous joint关节articulation, joint关节面articular surfac关节软骨articular cartilage关节囊articular capsul纤维层fibrous layer滑膜synovial membrane关节腔articular cavity韧带ligament关节盘articular disk关节唇articular labrum滑膜关节synovial joint平面关节plane joint屈flexion伸extension收adduction展abduction旋转rotation环转circumduction旋前pronation旋后supination外翻eversion内翻inversion背屈dorsiflexion跖屈plantarflexion椎骨vertebrae脊柱vertebral column椎管vertebral canal椎体vertebral body颈椎cervical vertebrae横突孔transverse foramen 寰椎atlas侧块lateral mass枢椎axis齿突dens胸椎thoracic vertebrae腰椎lumbar vertebrae骶骨sacrum, sacral bone尾骨coccyx椎间盘intervertebral disc纤维环anulus fibrosus髓核pulpiform nucleus黄韧带ligaments flava肋ribs, costae肋软骨costal cartilage肋沟costal groove肋弓costal arch胸骨sternum胸骨柄sternal manubrium 胸骨体sternal body剑突xiphoid process胸骨角sternal angle胸廓thoracic cage肋椎关节costovertebral joints胸肋关节sternocostal joints枕骨occipital bone枕骨大孔foramen magnum蝶骨sphenoid bone视神经管optic canal破裂孔foramen lacerum圆孔foramen rotundum卵圆孔foramen ovale棘孔foramen spinosum眶上裂superior orbitalfissure大翼greater wings翼突pterygoid process颞骨temporal bone乳突mastoid process面神经管facial canal肌咽鼓管musculo-tubalcanal内耳门internal acoustic port茎突styloid process下颌窝mandibular fossa顶骨parietal bone额骨frontal bone筛骨ethmoid bone下鼻甲inferior nasal concha泪骨lacrimal bone鼻骨nasal bone犁骨vomer上颌骨maxilla腭骨palatine bone颧骨zygomatic bone下颌骨mandible舌骨hyoid bone颧弓zygomatic arch眶orbit鼻腔nasal cavity冠状缝coronary suture矢状缝sagital suture人字缝lambdoid suture肩胛骨scapula肩峰acromion关节盂glenoid cavity喙突coracoid process锁骨clavicle肱骨humerus桡骨radius尺骨ulna鹰嘴olecranon腕骨carpal bones, carpus舟骨scaphoid bone三角骨triquetral bone豌豆骨pisiform bone大多角骨trapezium bone小多角骨trapezoid bone头状骨capitate bone钩骨hamate bone掌骨metacarpal bones指骨phalanges of fingers胸锁关sternoclavicular joint肩关节shoulder joint盂唇glenoid labrum肘关节elbow joint腕关节wrist joint髋骨hip bone髋臼acetabulum闭孔obturater foramen髂骨ilium髂嵴iliac crest坐骨ischium耻骨pubis骨盆pelvis股骨femur大转子greater trochanter髌骨patella胫骨tibia内踝medial malleolus腓骨fibula外踝lateral malleolus跗骨tarsal bone, tarsus距骨talus跟骨calcaneus足舟骨navicular bone骰骨cuboid bone趾骨phalanges of toes髋关节hip joint膝关节knee joint半月板meniscus交叉韧带cruciate ligaments 踝关节ankle joint(二)肌肉muscles肌学myology肌肉系统muscular system 肌muscle骨骼肌skeletal muscle腱膜aponeurosis起点origin止点insertion筋膜fascia浅筋膜superficial fascia深筋膜deep fascia滑膜囊synovial bursa腱鞘tendinous sheath膈diaphragm中心腱central tendon腹直肌rectus abdominis 白线linea alba腹外斜肌obliquus externus abdominis腰大肌psoas major髂腰肌iliopsoas面肌facial muscles咬肌masseter颞肌temporalis三角肌deltoid大圆肌teres major小圆肌teres minor肱二头肌biceps brachii肱三头肌triceps brachii肱桡肌brachioradialis臀大肌gluteus maximus梨状肌piriformis股四头肌quadriceps femoris髌韧带patellar ligament缝匠肌sartorius股二头肌biceps femoris半腱肌semitendinosus半膜肌semimembranosus 腓骨长肌peroneus longus 腓骨短肌peroneus brevis 胫骨前肌tibialis anterior 小腿三头肌triceps surae腓肠肌gastrocnemius比目鱼肌soleus跟腱tendo calcaneus内脏学splanchnology消化系统digestive system内脏学splanchnology内脏viscera消化系统digestive system口腔mouth cavity唇lip颊cheek腭palatine牙tooth, teeth舌tongue咽pharynx食管esophagus胃stomach小肠small intestine十二指肠duodenum空肠jejunum回肠ileum大肠large intestine盲肠caecum阑尾vermiform appendix结肠colon升结肠ascending colon横结肠transverse colon降结肠descending colon乙状结肠sigmoid colon直肠rectum肛门anus肛管anal canal肝liver肝总管common hepaticduct胆囊gallbladder胆囊管cystic duct胆总管common bile duct胰pancreas胰管pancreatic duct呼吸系统respiratory system外鼻external nose喉larynx甲状软骨thyroid cartilage环状软骨cricoid cartilage杓状软骨arytenoid cartilage会厌epiglottis会厌软骨epiglottic cartilage声门glottis声带vocal fold气管trachea支气管bronchus肺lung肺门hilum of lung胸腔thoracic cavity胸膜pleura纵隔mediastinum(三)泌尿生殖系统urogenital system泌尿生殖系统urogenitalsystem泌尿系统urinary system肾kidney肾盂renal pelvis肾盏renal calices肾窦renal sinus输尿管ureter膀胱urinary bladder膀胱三角trigone of bladder尿道urethra男性生殖器male genitalorgans睾丸testis阴茎penis阴茎头glans of penis阴茎包皮prepuce尿道外口external urethralorifice阴囊scrotum女性生殖器female genitalorgans卵巢ovary输卵管uterine tube子宫uterus子宫峡isthmus of uterus子宫颈cervix of uterus子宫口ostium of uterus阴道vagina处女膜hymen大阴唇labia majora阴道口vaginal orifice阴蒂clitoris乳房mamma, breast乳腺mammary gland会阴perineum(四)腹膜peritoneum腹膜peritoneum脉管系统vascular system 脉管学angiology心血管系cardiovascular system心heart动脉artery静脉vein毛细血管capillary吻合anastomosis心底cardiac base心尖cardiac apex冠状窦coronary sinus右心房right atrium右心耳right auricle右心室right ventricle三尖瓣tricuspid valve左心房left atrium左心耳left auricle左心室left ventricle二尖瓣mitral valve心包pericardium主动脉aorta升主动脉ascending aorta 冠状动脉coronary arteries 主动脉弓aortic arch颈动脉小球carotid glomus 颈动脉窦carotid sinus (二)淋巴系统lymphatic system淋巴系统lymphatic system 毛细淋巴管lymphatic capillary淋巴管lymphatic vessels淋巴干lymphatic trunks 淋巴导管lymphatic ducts淋巴结lymph nodes胸导管thoracic duct乳糜池cisterna chyli脾spleen胸腺thymus感觉器sensory organs视器visual organ眼eye眼球eyeball角膜cornea瞳孔pupil耳ear外耳external ear耳廓auricle(三)其他感觉器嗅器olfactory organ味器gustatory organ皮肤skin表皮epidermis真皮dermis, corium体毛hairs毛囊hair follicle立毛肌arrectores pilorum指甲nail of finger神经系统nervous system神经系统nervous system中枢神经系统centralnervous system周围神经系统peripheralnervous system神经元neuron神经胶质neuroglia树突dendrite轴突axon感觉神经元sensory neuron运动神经元motor neuron尼氏体Nissl bodies神经原纤维neurofibril神经纤维nerve fiber神经膜neurolemma髓鞘myelin sheath突触synapse灰质gray matter白质white matter皮质cortex髓质medulla神经核nucleus纤维束tract神经节ganglion神经nerve周围神经系统peripheralnervous system脊神经spinal nerves中枢神经系统centralnervous system脊髓spinal cord脊髓圆锥conus medullaris马尾cauda equina颈膨大cervical enlargement腰骶膨大lumbosacralenlargement脑brain脑干brain stem延髓medulla oblongata锥体pyramid脑桥pons第四脑室fourth ventricle小脑cerebellum大脑cerebrum脑脊液cerebrospinal fluid甲状腺thyroid gland垂体hypophysis肾上腺suprarenal gland胰岛pancreatic insula。
