SHENYANG CITY PLANING EXHIBITION HALLTABLE OF CONTENTS1. PERSPECTIVES2. TEXT3. SITE PLAN4. ROOF PLAN5. FUNCTIONAL DIAGRAMS6. PLANS7. SECTIONS8. ELEVATIONS9. STRUCTURE10. TECHNICAL DIAGRAMS11. MODEL PHOTOS12. INDEX1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.10.11.12.SHENYANG CITY PLANNING EXHIBITION HALL International Design CompetitionDESCRIPTION1. DESIGN IDEAOur project is based on the idea of several free-formed pavilions in the park. These pavilions with dif-ferent kinds of functions are connected to each other by covered indoor landscape area.The exhibition Hall building of the Shenyang City Planning Office is like a city itself with modern pa-vilion-type of buildings and interesting streets, squares and parks in between, thus creating an unique “Exhibition Park City”.This project and its architectural form is manifesting the idea of the Ecological Green City. The plan and the architecture of this building are telling the visitors that densely populated cities, like Shenyang, cannot survive without nature.The metaphor of the architecture is a forest. Visitors are walking on the large interior landscape area, like in the park, or in the forest under the branches of big trees. There is shade, there is cool, there is nature inside the building, which is formed by exhibition pavilions, as well as congress-, meeting-, of-fice- and restaurant-pavilions.2. URBAN CONTEXT / MODEL CITY FOR THE CITY MODELOne can enter this “Exhibition Park” from each direction: from the North, from the West via pedestrian tunnel under Hunhe Avenue, from the South, which is the main park area, and from the East. There are two “main streets”, crossing through the exhibition building East-West and South-North direction, connecting the exhibition building as a part of surrounding urban areas.The goal of the architect has been to create a “Model City for the City Model” – the Exhibition City with interesting interior to enter, and to see the city models and new development plans. It also welcomes all year round different groups, like families, teachers with school classes, etc. to enjoy of many other exhibitions. There are souvenir shops, restaurants, cafes for visitors, like in any other city.The most important interior element is the large indoor landscape area. It has a character of winter garden or covered street arcade: a glass-covered greenhouse, which is pleasant, especially in the winter time, making this “Exhibition City” attractive all year round.The competition site has a very important location, when approaching the town from the Taoxian Air-port. In order to give more power and character to the Exhibition Hall as a Landmark-building on this building site, the glass roof has been extended as a large pergola-type roof structure, reaching up to the red lines of the urban plan.Since the future urban environment of Chang-Bai (Hun-Nan) new town will be characterized mainly by high-rise, or super high-rise buildings, in height 100 – 350 meters, the Author believes that the Landmark-image can be better obtained by visually and functionally attractive human scale concept, than to compete with height and unnecessary building floors. That is why this large forest- like roof and pergola, covering almost all building site, would act as an unique contrast to future high structures around it.Situated only about 40 – 60 meters from Hunhe Avenue, the Exhibition Hall will be the most important visual Landmark, both day and night. In deeper meaning, it will also be the image and model building of the ecological and sustainable city development.The roof of this building has been designed as a 5th elevation: visible all around from the upper floors of the surrounding high buildings.3. FUNCTIONAL CONCEPT / ROTATING OBSERVATION BRIDGEThe building opens out to the city and surrounding streets, thus inviting to come in. The park area in a way enters into the Exhibition building.There are two main entrances: one in the North side from the road, between the site and “Women Street”, and the other in the South side from the park. To the Congress area there is a separate en-trance from the East side of the building.Two major functional space groups, exhibitions and conferences, could be used together or separately. The most important part of this building is the main Exhibition Hall of the large Shenyang City model. It is situated on the ground floor, in the North-West corner of the building. Especially in the evening this corner exposes the lighted city model to all passers-by car-drivers and pedestrians.Everyone, coming to the lobby from the main entrance, can immediately notice the big City model. The model is located on the round podium – like a jewel – thus emphazising its importance. One can walk around it, or study the model from the observation bridge, only some meters above the model.The City model observation bridge is slowly rotating around, like many view towers and restaurants around the world. Visitors can step to the rotating bridge at any place from the round gallery around the model, because the handrail of the gallery is rotating along with the bridge. This rotating bridge allows the visitors to see and study any part of the large model at a very close distance. For the per-sonnel it is of great importance that they can maintain, clean, repair, and update the model easily, by using more rapid rotation speed and special construction of the maintenance lift under the observation bridge.On the level of observation bridge, the galleries of Shenyang history and culture exhibitions are lo-cated. All other exhibition pavilions are placed around the “Exhibition Square”. The District Exhibition Hall is in four levels, and the City Planning Exhibition Halls of other six cities in two pavilions, in three levels. Visitors can choose different routes, when visiting all spaces, by entering the exhibition halls from the ground floor level, or from the upper levels through the bridges from the main vertical traffic core with escalators and elevators.The Multimedia Exhibition Hall and the Multifunctional flexible Exhibition hall, located under the main city model, are clearly visible and easily accessible from the main Lobby. Also Mini-Cinema and Inter-national Leading Technology Exhibition are on this same underground level.The office spaces are located in the small pavilion, close to the main entrance. Thus the daily working employeers are within a short distance from the main Exhibition hall.The Conference Hall and other meeting and business rooms are situated in two pavilions around the “Conference Square”. The big Conference Hall can be divided in two parts. Between the functions for exhibitions and conferences there is natural place for the Restaurant/ Tea Room Pavilion, opening South towards the park area.VIP-rooms are in the smaller pavilion with a good connection to the conference and business rooms. There is a direct entrance from the ground floor and the underground parking to the VIP-area.4. ARCHITECTURE / “CHAMELEON’S SKIN” OF THE BUILDINGThe architectural image is composed of four exhibition “buildings”, two congress halls and meeting room “buildings”, one VIP-“building”, one restaurant “building” and one office “building”. These “buildings” – as free-formed pavilions in the park – are connected by a large glass roof / pergola.The materials used for the main parts of this project are concrete, steel and glass. Wood and natural stone are complementary materials.The elevations of all pavilions are made by perforated stainless steel plates. They are covering also the “windows”, different kind of glass openings on the facades. Behind the solid parts of the elevations there is warm insulation, covered by the weather-proof plywood.Stainless steel is used as main facade material, for the memory of (as a tribute to) the steel manufactur-ing history of Shenyang. Perforated steel is transparent, giving an unified and solid architectural image during the daytime, and, during the darker period of day, changing the image of the building, because the glass parts of the elevation become more visible.The most important effect of this “Chameleon’s Skin” of the building is created by extra light sources, placed behind each of the 1,5 m x 1,5 m perforated steel component. Light, shining through the holes in the steel sheet, will give a new kind of image for this building and for the city nightscape in the eve-ning. Thanks to the “Chameleon’s Skin”, the elevation looks like a steel building, but, when coming closer, the visitor will notice the warmer tune of wood behind the transparent steel sheet.The roof (and the ceiling of the indoor landscape area) is the 5th elevation in the Exhibition Hall build-ing. The special image of the roof is created by “tree branches” of the roof structure, by the glass roof of the Indoor Landscape area and by the grass roofs of different pavilion “buildings”.The interior character of the exhibition halls is composed of fairfaced concrete walls and wooden par-quet floors. The large glass openings, like in the main exhibition hall, have a steel structure, covered by solid wood. Wood is also used for the interiors of congress-, meeting- and VIP-rooms as important architectural material.The floor of the Indoor Landscape area (the entrance lobby, “Exhibition Square” and “Congress Square”) is covered by different kinds of natural stones and bricks, like streets in old Chinese towns.5. STRUCTUREThe structural design is fully integrated into architectural design. The primary structure consists of three-dimensional, pentagon-shaped rigid frames, made of reinforced concrete. The roof is constructed as T-shaped cantilevel-beams around the pentagon-shaped wall frame. The walls are not vertical, they are in different angles, which create horizontal forces. These horizontal forces are transferred to the roof slab and walls in the other direction. Therefore these walls and slabs partly function as tension members.As a whole, the structure is unique, but also very stable and economical. Over the main concrete can-talever-beams of the roof there is a metal (aluminum) structure, “Leaf stalks”, creating the secondary beams for the glass roof, or pergola around the whole Exhibition Hall building. Together with concrete cantalevers, the secondary metal beams give the impression of tree branches and leaf stalks. The modern computer-aided design and manufacturing make it possible to create new kind of organic architecture at modest costs.6. TRAFFICThere are entrances to the underground garage at the both ends of the site. These entrances are sepa-rated from the main pedestrian flows. The underground parking space is for 212 cars and there is a separate delivery area for the exhibition halls, kitchen etc.The pedestrians’ flow from the parking level can go straight to the underground lobby-level, or by es-calators and elevators to the ground floor Landscape area of the “Exhibition Square”, or “Conference Square”. Pedestrians from the surrounding city can easily reach the Exhibition Hall from any direction and continue their way through the building.7. LANDSCAPEBecause this project is the “Landscape Building”, the outdoor and indoor landscape areas of the Exhi-bition Hall site should be designed together with the surrounding landscape area, with generous tree plantation.Each of four entrances create an Outdoor Plaza. The South entrance Plaza opens out to the large landscape area, which will be designed as an important public park.The indoor landscape area is characteristic feature of this building, and part of the ecological concept. This “Winter Garden” is giving cool atmosphere during the summer, and warm and inviting feeling during the cold winter. There is a rich vegetation with bamboo, palm trees and exotic fruit trees, water themes, natural stone pavements, benches, etc in the indoor landscape area.8. ECOLOGICAL CONCEPTThe architectural image of this Shenyang Exhibition Hall building emphasizes the fact that the City with nature and green areas in the only sustainable solution for the future city planning.This is a modern ecological building, which takes full advantage of the newest technology.This is a daylight building with the high-tech glass roof for the central indoor landscape area, and partly for the exhibition and other rooms. Sun angles in Shenyang are 34.84 ° on the 15th of February, and 67.34 ° on the 15th of June. During the hottest season, when sun is very high, the easiest way to prevent the daylight from penetrating directly to the interior space is to use the high-tech intelligent multi-layer thermo-glass. This kind of modern glass roof will block 70 % of the heat energy, and the rest can be ventilated out by using the hybrid air-conditioning system: a combination of natural ventila-tion and centralized mechanical ventilation.In developing a natural lighting concept for the building, the challenge lay in achieving a brilliant light quality for the exhibition areas without having to make sacrifices in the indoor climate and without giv-ing rise to excessive energy consumption. In collaboration with architects and engineers, a new kind of building element was developed for the light-transmitting roof of the Linz Design Center Exhibition Hall in Austria, in 1993. A plastic grid integrated in roof panels with a complex performance, allows direct luminous radiation from the northern hemisphere of the sky to enter the building, while direct sunlight is screened off. In this way, excessive heat gains are avoided in the internal spaces in the sum-mer. Just 16 mm deep, the retroreflecting grid, thinly coated with pure aluminum, was inserted into the cavity between the panels of double glazing over the roof. The geometry for cutting the grid has to be determined by computer programs and has to take account the azimuth angle of the sun at various seasons, and the slope of the roof.The rain water is collected from the glass roof and used for the irrigation of the landscape areas both inside and outside of the building, as well as for toilet and urinal flushing. Collecting and using so called “gray water”, and separating “black water”, should be applied in this Model building.A silk-mat, 3 mm thick stainless steel as a facade material remains maintenance-free for centuries. The low-energy light sources will be used for the effect lights behind the stainless steel plates.In general, the use of low-cost and poor quality materials will shorten the life-cycle of the building and will increase the number and costs of renovations.The bio-mass of the indoor landscape area has a vital role in supplying oxygen to the air, in the pro-cess of photosynthesis. A healthy environment is part of the ecological concept in the building. It also increases efficiency and creativity at work.The geo-thermal energy is used for cooling and heating of the building through pipelines inside the concrete floors and walls. Since the massive concrete structure has a very good thermo-capacity, this method is widely used in Europe.Geothermal energy is a proven resource for direct heat and power generation. In over 30 countries geothermal resources provide directly used heat capacity of 12,000 MW and electric power genera-tion capacity of over 8,000 MW. Individual geothermal power plants can be as small as 100kW or as large as 100MW depending on the energy resource and power demand.Major factors affecting costs are the depth and temperature of the resource, well productivity, envi-ronmental compliance, project infrastructure and economic factors such as the scale of development, and project financing costs.Geothermal energy has proved to be reliable, economic, environmentally friendly and renewable. In general there are two main categories, the high temperature resources and moderate/low temperature resources. The high temperature are almost always used for power production while most of the low temperature resources are used for direct heating purposes or agriculture and aquaculture. The range of potential methods for utilising any geothermal resource is very dependent on the temperature of the resource.Geothermal heat pumps (GHP) enable geothermal resources once considered marginal to be used economically. An added benefit is that the heat pump can also be used for summer cooling. Ground-coupled heat pumps use earth-temperature soil for heating during winter, cooling during summer, and supplying hot water year-round. Water-to-air heat pumps exchange heat with either ground water, surface water or water passed through cooling towers.Since geothermal is often a replacement for diesel or other fossil fuels, it has great benefits for people´s health through improved air quality. There are atmospheric emissions from geothermal power plants which are predominan CO2 and H2S. However, in the context of global climate change, geothermal significantly lower CO2 emissions than fossil fuels.Many prospective geothermal reservoirs have been identified by surface study and shallow drilling, but a large proportion have not had the potential energy supply confirmed by drilling of deeper wells. Exploration Risk. There are risks of not finding a useable heat resource after expending effort on early reconnaissance and surface exploration works.9. FIRE TECHNICAL DESIGNFIRE SAFETY IN PRELIMINARY DESIGN STAGE UTILIZINGPERFORMANCE BASED FIRE SAFETY ENGINEERING9.1 GeneralStructural fire protection and fire safety of human beings will be secured obeying national fire regu-lations and using internationally approved fire simulation and evacuation simulation softwares. E.g. FDS (Fire Dynamic Simulator; developed by the National Institute of Technology, USA) software was used as a simulation tool in a research work for the WTC - Tower accident in New York. The software simulated the spread of smoke and fire in the accident. Below there is a short description about the simulation technics.9.2 The Safety of Human Beings1. Preliminary proposals for means of escape, compartmentation and structural firesafety2. Preliminary calculations with different kind of fire scenarios and fire loads3. According to the previous results fire engineer simulates different kind of fires resultingsmoke development, temperatures and spread of fire4. In the evacuation simulation the object is full of people. The simulation result is a realtime within people have to get out from the building5. The points 3. and 4. are compared with each other. The time for the evacuation in thepoint 4. must be shorter than the smoke development time given in the point 3.6. Possible improvements will be made for:- means of escape- compartmentations- smoke extract installations- extinguishing installations- location and type of heat or smoke detectors- etc.9.3 Fire Resistance of Structures and Compartment SeparationsFire rated time of the structures and compartment separations will be dimensioned according to the temperature results calculated in the point 3. in the chapter 7.29.4 Active Fire Protection InstallationsThe active fire protection installations for every room will be determined in details as follows: - sprinkler installations- fire detection installations- smoke extract installations (automatic or manual)- smoke sections- smoke curtains- gas extinguishing installations- first - aid fire fighting equipment9.5 Advantages in Performance Based Fire Safety Engineering- remarkable savings in the construction costs- more freedom for the architectural design- better usability of the building- larger compartments- longer distances of means of escape- lighter structures- more functional and cheaper fire technical installations- better fire safety level- other designers know what they have to take account of in there own special design arearegarding fire related matters- cheaper maintain and maintenance costs of fire technical equipment and in stallations9.6SummaryThe summary will be a fire report. In the fire report there will be written all the fire technical related matters concerning the whole building including directions to architect, HVAC - designer and struc-tural designer, etc. Thus the fire report forms a manual for all engineers in the design phase and in the construction phase.According to the above remarks the performance based fire safety engineering gives a lot of advan-tages for a developer and users of the building.intermediate floor between 1st and 2ndintermediate floor between 3rd and 4thSECTION A-A 1:500SECTION B-B 1:500eastsouth westSHENYANG CITY PLANING EXHIBITION HALL SECTION 1:75SEC FACADE DETAIL 1:20FACADE DETAIL 1:10UNFOLDED SKINS OF EXHIBITION PAVILLIONS 1:1500SHENYANG CITY PLANING EXHIBITION HALLNATURAL VENTILATION DIAGRAMRAINWATER USAGE DIAGRAMSUNLIGHT DIAGRAM STRUCTURAL DIAGRAM STRUSHENYANG CITY PLANING EXHIBITION HALL INDEXSTUDY MODELSSHENYANG CITY PLANING EXHIBITION HALL。
