2007-FAST-A Five-Year Study of File-System Metadata
- 格式:pdf
- 大小:188.84 KB
- 文档页数:15
2007年雅思大作文全集(1)2007.01.06(新题)The world of work is changing rapidly, so people cannot always depend on their jobs. What are the reasons of such phenomenon and offer some measures to solve it.-(2)2007.01.13 (原题)=2005.05.28Some people think universities should provide knowledge and skills related to future career. Others think the true function of the university is to give access to knowledge for its own sake. What is your opinion?2005.05.28题目Nowadays, some university offer graduate students skills that assist to find employment, but some people believe the main function of university should be to access knowledge for its sake. What’s your opinion?(3)2007.01.20 (原题) =2005.07.09Some people say the government should pay for the health care and education, but others say that it is not the government’s responsibility. Discuss both views and giveyour opinion.2005.07.09题目Some people think the government should pay for health care and education, but other people think it's not government's responsibility. Discuss both sides and give your opinion.(4)2007.02.03 类似2006.06.17Individuals can do nothing to improve the environment, and only governments and large companies can make a difference. To what extent do you agree or disagree? 2006.06.17题目The best way to solve the world’s environmental problems is to increase the price of fuel. To what extent do you agree or disagree?(5)2007.02.10 类似2005.11.26People think the public library will be replaced by the computer. To what extent do you agree or disagree? 2005.11.26题目The main purpose of libraries is to provide books, therefore they should not use limited resources and space and shouldbe replaced by computer software, DVDs etc. Do you agree or disagree?(6)2007.03.03 类似2004.02.21Some people think schools should select pupils according to their academic ability, but others believe pupils with different abilities should be educated together. Discuss both views and give your opinion.2004.02.21题目Some people think intelligent children should learn with others together, since it will benefit everyone, while other people think intelligent children should learn separately, and also should get special treatment. Discuss both sides and give your own opinion.(7)2007.03.10 (新题)More and more people use the mobile phone or computer to communicate, and no longer write letters to each other. Some people think the skills of letter writing will soon disappear completely. Do you agree or disagree? How important do you think letter-writing is?(8)2007.03.31 (原题)=2005.2.26It is now possible to perform everyday tasks as banking, shopping and business transactions without meeting people face-to-face. What are the effects it may bring on the individual and the society as a whole?2005.02.26题目People can perform everyday task, such as shopping and banking, as well as business transactions, without meeting other people face-to-face. What are the effects on both individuals and society?(9)2007.04.14 类似2006.09.02The society would benefit from the ban on forms of advertising because it serves no useful purposes and can even be damaging. To some extent do you agree or disagree with the opinion?2006.09.02题目In some countries, advertisers increase the amount of advertising to persuade children to buy snacks, toys,and other goods. Parents object such pressure on children. But some advertisers claim that there is useful information inthese advertisements. Discuss both views and give your opinion.(10)2007.04.21 类似2006.09.02Customers are faced with increasing amounts of advertising due to the competition among companies. To what extent do you think consumers are influenced by advertisements? And what measures can be taken to protect their interests? 2006.09.02题目In some countries, advertisers increase the amount of advertising to persuade children to buy snacks, toys,and other goods. Parents object such pressure on children. But some advertisers claim that there is useful information in these advertisements. Discuss both views and give your opinion.(11)2007.04.28(原题)=2004.09.18Air transport is increasingly used to export fruits and vegetables to other countries where they cannot be grown or are out of season. Some people believe that this is a good thing, but others consider this use of air t ransport can’t be justified. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.2004.09.18题目Air transport is increasingly used to export fruits and vegetables to other countries where they cannot be grown or are out of season. Some people believe that this is a good thing, but others consider this use of air transport can’t be justified. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.(12)2007.05.12 类似2006.09.23The unpaid community service should be a necessary part in high college programs (such as helping your neighbor or teaching the children sports or working for the charity).To what extent do you agree or disagree?2006.09.23题目Young adults should undertake unpaid work to help people in the community. To what extent do you think it brings more drawbacks to the community and the young adults than benefits?(13)2007.05.19 类似2004.07.17Nowadays, computer is used more and more in education. Do you think in which areas computer is more important and in which areas teachers are more important?2004.07.17题目Computers do not help children learn more efficiently. On the contrary, computers used in schools have negative effects on children’s physical and mental development. Do you agree or disagree?(14)2007.06.02 类似2006.05.20Many developing countries are increasingly expanding their tourism industry. Why is this case? Is it a positive development?2006.05.20题目The international tourism is the biggest industry in the world. To what extent do you think its advantages far outweigh its disadvantages?(15)2007.06.09 (合并)=2006.08.05+2007.02.10 Nowadays, some people claim that public museums and art galleries will not be needed because people can see historical objects and works by using computer. Do you agree or disagree?2006.08.05题目Some people think museums should be enjoyable places to attract and entertain young people. Other think the purpose of museums is to educate, not to entertain. Discuss both sides and give your own opinion.2007.02.10题目People think the public library will be replaced by the computer. To what extent do you agree or disagree?(16)2007.06.16 (新题)In many countries, traditional foods are being replaced by international fast foods. This is having a negative effect on both families and societies. To what extent do you agree or disagree?(17)2007.07.07 类似2004.12.18In some countries, schools aim to provide a general education across a range of subjects. In others, children focus on a narrow range of subjects related to a particular career. For today’s world, which of thes e systems is more appropriate?2004.12.18题目Nowadays, university students focus on one specific subject. However, some people claim that universities should encourage students to study a range of subjects. Do you agree or disagree?(18)2007.07.14 (新题)Lectures were used in the past as an old way of teaching a large number of students. As new technology is now available for education, some people suggest that there is no justification for lectures. To what extent do you agree or disagree?(19)2007.07.21(新题)Many problems have impacts on the world, so good relationships between different countries are becoming more and more important. To what extent do you agree or disagree?(20)2007.08.11Some people think the food has been changed and improved by technological and scientific advances, but others worry that it is harmful to eat this kind of food.Discuss both sides and give your opinion.(21)2007.08.18Some people support to invent a new language that can be used by people all over the world for international communication. Do you think the benefits of this would outweigh the problems?(22)2007.08.25Nowadays, many people save money for their own care after retirement. To what extent do you agree or disagree?(23)2007.09.01Some think that the young should take a job as soon as they leave school to develop career. Others think they should further their study in universities to have a successful career. Discuss both opinions.(24)2007.09.08Today, cars cause many problems. What are those problems? Should we discourage people to use cars?Some people think government should invest in art, but others think it should finance health care and education. Discuss and give your opinion.(26)2007.09.22Today, the expenditure of higher education is paid by the government, students or loans which can be paid back after graduation. State the benefits of the three ways. Which way you think is the best way for the society?(27)2007.10.20Some people believe that children begin to learn a foreign language in primary school rather than in secondary school. To what extent do you agree or disagree?(28)2007.10.13Some employers focus on academic qualifications, paying less attention to life experiences and personal qualities. What are causes of this phenomenon? Is this development positive or negative?Some experts believe that it is better to learn a foreign language at a primary school then at a secondary school. Do advantages outweigh disadvantages?(30)2007.11.03=2007.09.22Today, the expenditure of higher education is paid by the government, students or loans which can be paid back after graduation. State the benefits of the three ways. Which way you think is the best way for the society?(31)2007.11.17Nowadays, a lot of advertisements are aimed at children. Some people think there are lots of negative effects for children and should ban the advertisements. To what extent do you agree or disagree?(32)2007.11.24Some say it’s not good for the poor countries to receive financial aid from the rich countries, for it deteriorates their self-dependence and capability to get stronger. To what extent do you agree with the opinion?(33)2007.12.01Some think we have grown in a thrown-away society. People always carry plastic bags and throw them away after one-use, thus it will pollute our environment. What are the reasons for the situation and how it can be alleviated?(34)2007.12.08Some people believe that the aim of university education is to help graduates find better jobs while some others hold that there are wider benefits for the individual and the society. Discuss both viewpoints and give your own opinion.(35)2007.12.13Everyday, many species of plants and animals are declining. Offer the reasons for the situation and some solutions to it.(36)2007.12.15Today, it is common that TV news programs show the images of disasters and violence to the public. Discuss the reasons and the effects on the individual and the society.2008年雅思大作文全集(1)2008.01.10Some p eople think children’s spending time on TV, video and PC games is good, while others think it is bad. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.(2)2008.01.12Some people think that criminals should be given longer terms in prison, so as to reduce crime rate. To what extent do you agree or disagree?(3)2008.01.19Some think the traditional thoughts of old people are out of date. Some believe they are still of some value. To what extent do you agree or disagree with the opinions?(4)2008.01.26Unemployment is getting increasingly serious in many countries. Some people think students only need to getprimary education, while others think secondary education is necessary. What’s your opinion?(5)2008.02.02Some people think people can exploit animals for any purpose they need, while others do not think so. What is your opinion?(6)2008.02.14An increasing number of people choose to live in big cities. What problems will this bring about? Should the government encourage people to live in small towns?(7)2008.02.16An American film actor once said, “Tomorrow is important and precious.”Some people think individuals and society should pay more attention to the future than to the present. Do you agree or disagree?(8)2008.02.23≈2007.04.28Some people think imported food exerts positive impacts on our lives. To what extent do you agree or disagree?(9)2008.03.01Schools offer a wide range of courses such as physical education, music, economics, philosophy, math, English, geography, physics and history. Among all these subjects, which one do you think is the most important and which one is the least important?(10)2008.03.08The number of cars keeps increasing, road systems should be expanded. Some people think the government should pay for it. Some people think the car owners should pay for it. What is your opinion?(11)2008.03.13Nowadays people pay lots of attention to physical health through many ways. Some regard the attention is just for individual benefit, others say it is a social responsibility to care about health. What is your opinion toward the statements?(12)2008.03.29≈ 2008.03.13Some people think government should ensure the healthy lifestyle of people, but others argue that it should be decided by individuals. Discuss both views and give your opinion.(13)2008.04.05≈ 2007.09.08Aircraft uses more fuel than cars and produces more pollution. Some people suggest the non-essential use of aircraft like international travel should be discouraged. Do you agree or disagree?(14)2008.04.12More working people are busy with work and have not enough time to spend with their family and friends. Why does this happen? What are the effects on family life and society as a whole?(15)2008.04.19Figures show that some countries have an ever-increasing proportion of the population who are aged 15 or younger. What do you think are the current and future effects of this may be for those countries?(16)2008.04.24Teachers used to convey information, but now with wide resources of information, there is no role for teachers to play in modern education. Do you agree or disagree?(17)2008.05.10Some people believe that children can learn effectively by watching TV and they should be encouraged to watch TV both at home and school. To what extent do you agree or disagree?(18)2008.05.22Some people think that schools should concentrate on academic classes, because they are helpful for future career. But they think music and sports classes are not useful. To what extent do you agree or disagree?(19)2008.05.31Some people argue that the fittest and strongest individuals and teams can achieve the greatest success in sports. But other people think the success is much related to the mentalattitude. Discuss both and give your opinion.(20)2008.06.05Some people think that university students should specialize in one subject, while others think universities should encourage students to learn a range of subjects. Discuss both views and give your opinion.(21)2008.06.14Some people think the cheap air flight gives ordinary people more freedom. However, others think the cheap air flight should be banned because it pollutes the air and brings many other problems. Discuss both views and give your opinion.(22)2008.06.21Some people think that children should obey rules or do what their parents and teachers want them to do, but others think that children controlled too much cannot deal with problems well by themselves. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.(23)2008.06.28With technology speeding up, more and more young people begin to use mobile phones and the Internet, but old people have little chance to be exposed to them. What ways could mobile phone and the Internet be useful to old people? How do old people be encouraged to use this new technology?(24)2008.07.05Some people think students should learn more practical courses like computer, but others think they should learn more about theoretical courses like geography and mathematics. Discuss both views and give your opinion.(25)2008.07.12Some people support development of agriculture, like factory farming and scientific creation of fruits and vegetables, while others oppose. Discuss both views and give your opinion.(26)2008.07.24Some people think that in the modern society individuals are becoming more dependent on each other,while otherssay that individuals are becoming more independent of each other. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.(27)2008.07.26Some people think the main benefit of international cooperation is in protection of the environment, while others think that the main benefit is in the world business. Discuss both views and give your opinion.(28)2008.08.09In some countries government moves industries and businesses from big city to rural area. Discuss advantages and disadvantages of the situation and say what you agree with.(29)2008.08.16Giving detailed descriptions about the crime in the newspaper and on TV brings argument. Someone said it has a bad consequence for the society. To what extent do you agree or disagree?(30)2008.08.21International travel makes people prejudiced rather than broad-minded. What are the reasons and how to solve it?(31)2008.08.30Some people think that students should study in group, while others argue that they should study alone. Discuss both opinions.(32)2008.09.06Once children start school, their teachers have more influence on their intellectual and social development than parents. To what extent do you agree or disagree?(33)2008.09.13Some believe that environmental protection is very important but they do not do anything about it. Why does it happen? How can we do to solve the problem?(34)2008.10.11Society is based on rules and laws. It could not function if individuals were free to do whatever they want. To what extent do you agree or disagree?(35)2008.10.25Economic progress is one way to measure the success of one country. What other factors should be considered? Within these factors, which you think is more important than the others?(36) 2008.11.08More and more people now choose to wear the fashionable clothes. Why is it? What are the positive and negative effects does this trend impose on the society?(37) 2008.11.15More and more people work at home and study at home with the development of computer technology. Do you think it is positive or negative development?(38) 2008.11.20International travel is becoming cheaper than before, so more and more countries open their doors to tourists. Do the advantages of the increased tourism outweigh the disadvantages?(39) 2008.11.29Some people think modern games can help children to develop wide range of skills, but other people argue that traditional games can be much better for developing such skills. Discuss both views and give your opinion.(40) 2008.12.04Because of the global economy, many goods including what we use as daily basic produced by other counties have to be transported for a long distance. To what extent do the advantages outweigh the disadvantages?(41)2008.12.06Memorization of information by frequent repetition, namely rote learning, plays a role in many education systems. To what extent do the advantages outweigh the disadvantages?(41) 2008.12.06 (G)What are the teenager problems? How could schools and parents do to solve these problems?(42)2008.12.13Some people believe that a country can benefit a lot from university education, while others believe that sending a large percentage of young students to go to university is the way leading to unemployment. Discuss both views and give your opinion.05-10雅思大作文集锦05.01.08Nowadays, people get information through news and papers, but meanwhile are uncertain about the truth of these news. Should we believe the journalists? What qualities should a good journalist or correspondent have?05.01.15Some teachers say students should be organised into groups to study. Others argue students should be made to study alone. Tell the benefits of each study method. Which one do you think is more effective?05.01.22Recent years, the number of crimes committed by young people in major cities throughout the world is increasing. Discuss this issue. Give reasons and suggest some solutions.05.02.05Food can be produced much more cheaply today because of improved fertilisers and better machinery. However, some of the methods used todo this may be dangerous to human health and may have negative effects on local communities. To what extent do you agree or disagree?05.02.19Leisure is a growing industry, but people no longer entertain themselves as much as they used to because the use of modern technology has made them less creative. Do you agree or disagree?05.02.26People can perform everyday tasks, such as shopping and banking as well as business transactions, without meeting other people face-to-face. What are the effects of this on individual and society as a whole?05.03.05Some people think visitors to others countries should imitate local customers and behaviours. Some people disagree; they think the host country should welcome cultural differences. Discuss the two views and give your opinion.05.03.12It is generally believed that education is of vital importance to the development of individuals and the well-being of societies. What should education consist of to fulfil both these functions?Some people think that cultural traditions may be destroyed when they are used as money-making attractions aimed at tourists. Others believe it is the only way to save these traditions. Discuss on both sides and give your opinion.05.04.02Pressure on the school and university students is increasing and students are pushed too hard work when they are young. Do you think it is a positive or negative development?05.04.09Nowadays education quality is very low. Some people think we should encourage our students to evaluate and criticise their teachers. Others believe that it will result in a loss of respect and discipline in the classroom. Discuss on both sides.05.04.16The advantages brought by the spread of English as a “global language” will outweigh the disadvantages. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this view?Some school leavers travel or work for a period of time instead of going directly to university. What are the advantages and disadvantages? 05.05.21many people are optimistic of the 21st century and see it as an opportunity to make positive changes to the world. To what extent do you share their optimism? What changes would you like to see in the new century?05.05.28Nowadays, some universities offer graduate students skills that assist to find employment, but some people believe the main function of a university should be to access knowledge for its sake. What’s your opinion?05.06.11The government is responsible for pr otecting a nation’s cultural identity. Thus, some people believe new buildings should be built in traditional styles. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this opinion?05.06.18Sending criminals to prison is not the best method of dealing with them.Education and job training are better ways to help them. Do you agree or disagree?05.06.25Some people think that the news media nowadays have influenced people’s lives in negative ways. To what extent do you agree or disagree?05.07.09Some people think the government should pay for health care and education, but other people think it is not the government's responsibility. Discuss both sides and give your opinion.05.07.16Many employees may work at home with the modern technology. Some people claim that it can benefit only the workers, not the employers. Do you agree or disagree?05.07.23The detailed description about crime will affect the people and cause many social problems. Some people say that the media should be strictly controlled. Do you agree or disagree?05.08.06Many people say that we have developed into a “throw-away” culture,because we are filling up our environment with so many plastic bags and rubbish that we cannot fully dispose of. To what extent do you agree with this opinion and what measures can you recommend reducing this problem?05.08.13Some scientists believe that studying the behaviour of 3-year-old children can tell which children would grow up to be criminals. To what extent in your opinion is crime a product of human nature or is it possible to stop children from growing up to be criminals?05.08.20Some people think that people moving to a new country should accept new culture in the foreign country rather than living as a separate minority group with different lifestyle. Do you agree or disagree?05.09.03Children who grow up in families which are short of money are better prepared with the problems of adult life than children who are brought up by wealthy parents. To what extent do you agree or disagree?05.09.10The only way to improve the safety on our own road is to have stricterpunishment for driving offenders. To what extent do you agree or disagree?05.09.17Some people think that using animals for experimentation purpose is cruel, but other people think that is necessary for the development of science. Discuss both views and give your opinion.05.10.15In many countries, good schools and medical facilities are available only in cities. Some people think new teachers and doctors should work in rural areas for a few years, but others think everyone should be free to choose where they work. Discuss and give your own opinion.05.10.22The speeding up of life in many areas such as travel and communication has negative effects on society at all levels—individual, national and global. To what extent do you agree or disagree?05.10.29Some people think the increasing business and cultural contact between countries brings many positive effects. Others say it causes the loss of national identities. Discuss on both sides and give your opinion.05.11.12As global trade increases between different countries, many daily necessities are produced in other countries. Such goods are usually transported a long distance. Do the benefits of this trend outweigh its drawbacks?05.11.19Advertising encourages consumers to buy in quantity rather than promoting quality. To what extent do you agree or disagree?05.11.26The main purpose of public libraries is to provide books and they shouldn’t waste their limited resources and space on providing expensive hi-tech media such as computer software, videos and DVDs. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this statement?05.12.03Far too little has been done to prevent animals and plants from dying out, although people have been aware of this problem for a long time. Why do people do so little about it? Give your suggestions on how to solve this problem.05.12.10Many people believe that scientific research should be carried out andcontrolled by the governments rather than private companies. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this opinion?05.12.17It is more important for a building to serve a purpose than to look beautiful. Architects shouldn’t worry about producing building as a work of art. Do you agree or disagree?06.01.07Some people believe they should keep all the money they have earned and should not pay tax to the state. Do you agree or disagree?06.01.14There are social, medical and technical problems associated with the use of mobile phones. What forms do they take? Do you agree that the problems outweigh the benefits of mobile phones?06.01.21Today, the advanced science and technology have made great changes to people’s life, but artists such as musicians, painters and writers are still highly valued. What can arts tell us about life that science and technology cannot?。
2007年12月高等学校英语应用能力A级考试真题参考答案及听力录音原文Part I Listening Comprehension (15 minutes)(评分标准:1-15题每题1分,共15分)Section A1. A2. D3. B4. A5. CSection BConversation 16. C7. BConversation 28. B 9. B 10. DSection C11. the Internet 12. boss 13. pollution14. human 15. face to facePart II Vocabulary & Structure (15 minutes)(评分标准:16-25每题0.5分,26-35每题1分,共15分)Section A16. B 17. A 18. C 19. D 20. A21. B 22. C 23. C 24. D 25. DSection B26. applications 27. cheerful 28. has seen 29. introduced 30. is allowed 31. having seen 32. to discuss 33. will last 34. deeply 35. usePart III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)(评分标准:36-45每题2分,46-50每空1分,51-55每空0.5分,56-60每题1分,共35分)Task 136. B 37. C 38. A 39. B 40. CTask 241. C 42. B 43. C 44. B 45. ATask 346. Information security specialist 47. information system security48. bachelor’s 49. Permanent Resident status 50. resumes@Task 451. B, G 52. K, M 53. J, N 54. P, F 55. Q, EA. reading, reference and copying阅读、查阅、复印B. staff only员工专用C. closed shelves for undergraduates本科生专用书架D. information retrieval room信息检索室E. inter-library loan馆际互借F. display & reading room for new books新书展览室G. multi-media reading room多媒体阅览室H. reference department office参考书部门办公室I. novelty research奇书检索J. lecture hall报告厅K. reading room for reference books参考书阅览室L. return deposit还书库M. reading room for Chinese social books中文社科图书阅览室N. title catalogue书名目录O. circulation for foreign books外文书刊借阅P. card catalogue卡片目录Q. periodicals and magazines期刊杂志阅览Task 556. visitors 57. accepted 58. website59. questions or comments 60. Jim SmithPart IV Translation---English into Chinese (25 minutes)(评分标准:61-64每题2分,65题12分,共20分)61. B---A---D---C 2---1---0.5---062. D---C---B---A 2---1---0.5---063. B---A---D---C 2---1---0.5---064. C---A---B---D 2---1---0.5---065.这些规章制度可以保证你在使用信用卡网上购物或电话购物时更安全。
2007年专四作文真题及范文英文回答:In an increasingly interconnected world, the significance of language transcends mere communication. As a gateway to diverse cultures and perspectives, language empowers individuals to navigate societal landscapes and forge meaningful connections across geographical and linguistic boundaries.The study of foreign languages has been recognized as a powerful catalyst for cognitive development, enhancing critical thinking, problem-solving, and memory recall. By engaging with foreign languages, learners develop an enhanced understanding of their own native language and gain a deeper appreciation for the richness and diversity of human expression.Moreover, the ability to communicate in multiple languages has profound implications for career advancement.In today's competitive global marketplace, professionals who possess foreign language skills are highly sought after by multinational corporations and organizations operating worldwide. Fluency in a non-native language enables individuals to effectively interact with colleagues, clients, and stakeholders from different cultures, bridging communication barriers and fostering productive collaborations.Beyond the practical benefits, foreign language study fosters cultural understanding and empathy. By immersing themselves in different linguistic worlds, learners gain invaluable insights into the customs, values, and perspectives of other societies. This expanded worldview promotes tolerance, respect, and a greater appreciation for the interconnectedness of humanity.In the realm of education, foreign language instruction has been demonstrated to enhance academic performance in non-language subjects. Studies have shown that students who study foreign languages exhibit improved reading comprehension, vocabulary, and overall cognitive abilities.Additionally, foreign language study has been linked to increased cultural awareness, creativity, and open-mindedness.In conclusion, the study of foreign languages is an invaluable investment in one's intellectual, professional, and personal development. By fostering cognitive growth, expanding career opportunities, promoting cultural understanding, and enhancing academic performance, foreign language education empowers individuals to thrive in a multilingual and intercultural world.中文回答:在日益联系紧密的世界中,语言的重要性超越了简单的交流。
2007年全国普通高等学校招生统一考试(上海卷)英语试卷本试卷分为第I卷(第1-12页)和第II卷(第13页)两部分。
全卷共13页。
满分150分。
考试时间120分钟。
第I卷(共150分)考生注意:1.答第I卷前,考生务必在答题卡和答题纸上用钢笔或圆珠笔清楚填写姓名、准考证号、校验码,并用铅笔在答题卡上正确涂写准考证号和校验码。
2.第I卷(1-16小题,25-84小题)由机器阅卷;答案必须全部涂写在答题卡上。
考生应将代表正确答案的小方格用铜笔涂黑。
注意试题号和答题卡编号——对应,不能错位。
答案需要更改时,必须将原选项用橡皮擦去,重新选择。
答案不能涂写在试卷上,涂写在试卷上一律不给分。
第I卷中的第17-24小题和第II卷的试题,其答案用钢笔或圆珠笔写在答题纸上,如用铅笔答题,或写在试卷上也一律不给分。
1.Listening ComprehenslonPart A Short ConversationsDivertions In Part A, you will bear ten short conversations between two speaker. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked aiout what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and deode which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1.A.Coke.B.CoffeeC.Tea.D.Water.2.A.At a restaurant.B.At a studio.C.At a concert.D.At a theatre.3.A.Relievel.B.Worried.C.confused.D.Depressed.4.A.The Browns.B.The Browns’s son.C.The postman.D.The neighbour.5.A.7:00B.7:10C.9:00D.9:106.A.The ring is not hers.B.She doesn’t have gold rings.C.She prefers gold to silver.D.She lost her silver ring.7.A.The screen doesn’t have to be cleaning.B.The keyboard also needs cleaning.C.The man shouldn’t an the cleaning.D.There’s not enough time to clean both. 8.A.The driver will stop the his immediately.B.The guy by the door will help the woman.C.The woman should check the map.D.He will tell the woman when to get off. 9.A.She dislikes fireworks.B.She has plans tar the evening.C.She doesn’t feel like going out.D.She has to get theatre tickets. 10.A.They can’t see the stars clearly.B.They’re not in the city tonight.C.They’re looking at the stars from the city.D.They’re talking about movie stars.Part B PassagesDirections:In Part B, you will heat two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passage. The passage will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on you paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11.A.It can make her famous.B.It is easy and rewarding.C.It is dangerous but exciting.D.It has its moving moment.12.A.Somebody was killed.B.Nobody was injured.C.Karen was physically hurt.D.Many buildings exploded.13.A.A fierce war.B.A serious injury.C.A terrible explosion.D.A brave journalist.Question 14 through 16 are based on the following news.14.A.Internet use is increasing quickly in rural and urban areas.B.More and more rural residents have Internet access.C.People have a limited choice of Internet providers.D.City residents use the Internet frequently.15.A.Over 2 million.B.Around 6 million.C.23 million.D.17 million.16.A.More girls have their own websites than boys.B.1 in 4 kids have Internet access from home.C.Most kids think they get too little time online at school.D.Internet connection at home is quicker than that at school.Part C Longer ConversationsDirections:In Part C. you will hear two longer conversations. The conversations will be read twice. After you hear each conversation, you ore required to fill in the numbered blanks with the information you have heard. Write your answers an you answer sheet.Complete the from. Write ONE WORD for each answer.Complete the from. Write NO MORE THAN TOREE WORDS for each answer.11.Grammar and V ocabularyDirections:Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A、B、C and D. Choose the one answer that best completes the sentence.25.Leaves are found on all kinds of trees, but they differ greatly size and shape.A.onB.fromC.byD.in26.The mayor has offered a reward of $ 5 000 to who can capture the tiger alive or dead.A.bothB.othersC.anyoneD.another27.Alan is a careful driver, but he drives of my friends.A.more carefullyB.the most carefullyC.less carefullyD.the last carefully28.—Did you tidy your room?—No, I was going to tidy my room but I visitors.A.hadB.haveC.have hadD.will have29.—Guess what! I have got A for my term paper.—Great! You read widely and put a lot of work into it.A.mustB.shouldC.must haveD.should have30.With the help of high technology, more and more new substances in the past years.B.have discoveredC.had been discoveredD.have been discovered31.—How was the televised debate last night?—Super! Rarely so much media attention.A.a debate attractedB.did a debate attract.C.a debate did attractD.attracted a debate32.The little boy came riding full speed down the motorway on his bicycle, it was!A.What a dangerous sceneB.What dangerous a sceneC.How a dangerous sceneD.How dangerous the scene33.Pop music is such an important part of society it has even influenced our language.A.asB.thatC.whichD.where34.After a knock at the door, the child heard his mother’s voice him.A.callingB.calledC.being calledD.to call35.There is nothing more I can try you to stay, so I wish you good luch.A.being persuadedB.persuadingC.to be persuaded36.The Town Hall in the 1800’s was the most distinguished building at that time.A.to be completedB.having been completedC.completedD.being completed37.His movie won several awards at the film festival, was beyond his wildest dream.A.whichB.thatC.whereD.it38.Small sailboats can easily torn over in the water they are not managed carefully.A.thoughB.beforeC.untilD.if39.he referred to in his article was unknown to the general reader.A.ThatB.WhatC.whetherD.that40.The traditional view is we sleep because our brain is “programmed”to make us do so.A.whenB.whyC.whetherD.that41.At minus 130 ℃, a living cell can be for a thousand years.A.sparedB.protectedC.preservedD.developed42.Since Tom downloaded a virus into his computer, he can not open the file now.A.readilyB.horriblyC.accidentallyD.irregularly43.My morning includes jogging in the park and reading newspapers over breakfast.A.drillB.actionC.regulationD.routine44.John was dismissed last week because of his attitude towards his job.A.informalB.casualC.determinedD.earnestⅢ.ClozeDirections:For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.(A)Being alone in outer space can be frightening. That is one reason why astronauts on solo(单独的)space flight were given plenty of work to keep them 45 . They were also in constant communication with people on the earth, 46 , being with people from whom you cannot get away might be even harder than being alone. This is what happens on long submarine (潜水艇)voyages. It will also happen on 47 space flights in the future. Will there be special problems of adjustment under such conditions?Scientists have studied the reactions of men to one another during long submarine voyages. They have found that the longer the voyage lasts, the more serious the problem of 48 is.When men are 49 together for a long period, they begin to feel uneasy. Everyone has little habits of speaking and behaving that are ordinarily acceptable. In the limited space over a long period of time, however, these little habits may become very 50 .Apparently, although no one wants to be 51 all the time, everyone needs some degree of privacy. When people are enclosed together, they are in what is called a stress situation. That means that they are under an unusual amount of 52 or stress.People who are well-adjusted are able to 53 stress situations better than others. That is one reason why so much care is taken in 54 our astronauts. These men undergo a long period of testing and training. One of the things tested is their behaviour under stress.45.A.tiredB.asleepC.consciousD.busy46.A.So farB.After allC.HoweverD.Therefore47.A.longB.fastC.dangerousD.direct48.A.fuelB.entertainmentC.adjustmentD.health49.A.shut upB.held upC.brought upD.picked up50.A.pleasingB.annoyingC.commonD.valuable51.A.noisyB.aloneC.personalD.sociable52.A.emphasisB.conflictC.powerD.pressure53.A.handleB.createC.affectD.investigate54.A.becomingB.choosingC.orderingD.promoting(B)One topic is rarely mentioned in all the talk of improving standards in our schools: the almost complete failure of foreign-language teaching. As a French graduate who has taught for more than twenty-five years, I believe I have some idea of why the failure is so total. 55 the faults already found out in the education system as a whoie-such as child-centred learning, the “discovery”method, and the low expectations by teachers of pupils-there have been several serious 56 which have a direct effect on language teaching.The first is the removal from the curriculum(课程)of the thorough teaching of English57 . Pupils now do not know a verb from a noun, the subject of a sentence from its object, or the difference between the past, present, or future.Another important error is mixed-ability teaching, or teaching in ability groups so 58 that the most able pupils are 59 and are bored while the least able are lost and 60 Bored. Strangely enough, few head teachers seem to be in favour of mixed-ability school football teams.Progress depends on memory, and pupils start to forget immediately they stop having 61 lessons. This is why many people who attended French lessons at school, even those whogot good grades, have forgotten it a few years later. 62 they never need it, they do not practice it.Most American schools have accepted what is inevitable and 63 modem languages, even Spanish, from the curriculum. Perhaps it is time for Britaio to do the same, and stop 64 resources on a subject which few pupils want or need.55.A.Due toB.In addition toC.Instead ofD.In spite of56.A.errorsB.situationsC.systemsD.methods57.A.vocabularyB.cultureC.grammarD.literature58.A.wideB.similarC.separateD.unique59.A.kept outB.turned downC.help backD.left behind60.A.surprisinglyB.individuallyC.equallyD.regular61.A.extraB.traditionalC.basicD.regular62.A.AlthoughB.BecauseC.UntilD.Unless63.A.restoredB.absorbedC.prohibitedD.withdrawn64.A.wastingB.focusingC.exploitingD.sharingIV.Reading ComprehensionDirections:Read the following four passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)What do you want to be when you grow up? A teacher? A doctor? How about an ice-Cream taster?Yes, there really is a job where you can get paid to taste ice cream. Just ask John Harrison, an “Official Taste Tester”for the past 21 years. Testing helps manufacturers to be sure of a product’s quality. During his career Harrison has been responsible for approving large quantities of the sweet ice cream –as well as for developing over 75 flavors (味道).Some people think that it would be casy to do this job; after all, you just have to like ice cream, right? No –there’s more to the job than that, says Harrison, who has a degree in chemistry. He points out that a dairy or food –science degree would be very useful to someone wanting a career in this “cool”field.In a typical morning on the job, Harrison tastes and assesses 60 ice-cream samples. He lets the ice cream warm up to about 12 F. Harrison explains, “You get more flavor from warmer ice cream, which is why some kids like to stir it, creating ice-cream soup.”While the ice cream warms up, Harrison looks over the samples and grades each one on its appearance. “Tasting begins with the eyes,”he explains. He checks to see if the ice cream is attractive and asks himself, “Does the product have the colour expected from that flavor?”Next it’s time to taste!Continuing to think up new ideas、try out new flavors、and test samples from so many kinds of ice cream each day keeps Harrison busy but happy –working at once cool job.65.what is John Harrison’s job?A.An official.B.An ice-cream taster.C.A chemist.D.An ice-cream manufacturer.66.According to John Harrison, to be qualified in the “cool field”, it is helpful to .A.keep a diary of workB.have a degree in related subjectsC.have new ideas every dayD.find out new flavors each day67.What does Harrison do first when testing ice cream?A.He stirs the ice cream.B.He examines the colour of the ice cream.C.He tastes the flavor of the ice cream.D.He lets the ice cream warm up.68.Which of the following is probably the best title of the passage?A.Tasting with EyesB.Flavors of Ice CreamC.John Harrison’s LifeD.One Cool Job(B)(You may read the questions first.)69.The Fresh Water series at 9 PM .A.explores the lakes, rivers and the creatures in themB.is devoted to the freshwater creatures in the worldC.explains the relationship among inhabitants on the earthD.focuses on the deepest river on the planet70.The phrase “stow away”most probably means“”A.hide secretlyB.talk excitedlyC.operate easilyD.guide successfully71.A mystery story adapted from Agatha Christie’s novel will be shown on .A.BBC1B.BBC2C.ITV1D.Channel 4(C)Mail carriers will be delivering some good news and some bad news this week.The bad news: Stamp prices are expected to rise 2 cents in May to 41 cents, the Postal Regulatory Commission announced yesterday. The good news: With the introduction of a “forever stamp,”it may be the last time Americans have to use annoying 2-or 3-cent stamps to make up postage diffcrences.Beginning in May, people would be able to purchase the stamps in booklets of 20 at the regular rate of a first-elass stamp. As the name implies, “forever stamps”will keep their first-class mailing value forever, even when the postage rate goes up.The new “forever stamp”is the United States Postal Service’(USPS)answer to the complaints about frequent rate increases. The May increase will be the fifth in a decade. Postal rates have risen because of inflation (通货膨胀),competition from online bill paying, and the rising costs of employee benefits, including healthcare, says Mark Saunders, a Spokesman for USPS.The USPS expects some financial gain from sales of the “forever stamp”and the savings from not printing as many 2-or 3-cent stamps. “It’s not your grandfather’s stamp,”says Mr. Saunders. “It could be your great-grandchildren’s stamp.”Other countries, including Canada, England, and Finland use similar stamps.Don Schilling, who has collected stamps for 50 years, he’s interested in the public’s reaction. “This is an entirely new class of stamps,”Mr. Schilling says. He adds that he’ll buy the stamps because he will be able to use them for a long period of time, not because they could make himrich-the volume printed will be too large for collectors. “We won’t be able to send our kids to college on these,”he says, laughing.The USPS board of governors has yet o accept the Postal Regulatory Commission’s decision, but tends to follow its recommendations. No plans have been announced yet for the design of the stamps.72.The main purpose of introducing a “forever stamp”is .A.to reduce the cost of printing 2-or 3-cent stampsB.to help save the consumers’cost on first-class mailingC.to respond to the complaints about rising postal ratesD.to compete with online bill paying73.By saying “It could be your great-grand children’s stamp”, Mr Saunders means that forever stamps .A.could be collected by one’s great-grandchildrenB.might be very precious in great-grandchildren’s handsC.might have been inherited from one’s great-grandfathersD.could be used by one’s great-grandchildren even decades later74.Which of the following is true according to the passage?A.The investment in forever stamps will bring adequate reward.B.America will be the first country to issue forever stamps.C.The design of the “forever stamp”remains to be revealed.D.2-or 3-cent stamps will no longer be printed in the future.75.What can be concluded from the passage?A.With forever stamps, there will be no need to worry about rate changes.B.Postal workers will benefit most form the sales of forever stamps.C.The inflation has become a threat to the sales of first-class stamps.D.New interest will be aroused in collecting forever stamps.(D)The traditional tent cities at festivals such as Glastonbury may never be the same again. In a victory of green business that is certain to appeal to environmentally-aware music-lovers, a design student is to receive financial support to produce eco-friendly tens made of cardboard that can be recycled after the bands and the crowds have gone home.Major festivals such as Glastonbury throw away some 10,000 abandoned tents at the end ofevents each year. For his final year project at the University of the West of England, James Dunlop came up with a material that can be recycled. And to cope with the British summer, the cardboard has been made waterproof.Taking inspiration from a Japanese architect, who has used cardboard to make big buildings including churches, Mr Dunlop used cardboard material for his tents, which he called Myhabs.The design won an award at the annual New Designers Exhibition after Mr Dunlop Graduated from his product design degree and he decided to try to turn it into a business.To raise money for the idea, he toured the City’s private companies which fund new businesses and found a supporter in the finance group Mint. He introduced his idea to four of Mint’s directors and won their support. Mint has committed around £500,000 to MyHab and taken a share of 30 per cent in Mr Dunlop’s business. The first Myhabs should be tested at festivals this summer, before being marketed fully next year.Mr Dunlop said that the design, which accommodates two people, could have other uses, such as for disaster relief and housing for the London Olympics.For music events, the cardboard houses will be ordered online and put up at the sites by the Myhab team before the festival-goers arrive and removed by the company afterwards, They can be Personalized and the company will offer reductions on the expense if people agree to sell exterior (外部的)advertising space.The biggest festivals attract tens of thousands of participants, with Glastonhury having some 150,000 each year. Altogether there are around 100 annual music festivals where people camp in the UK. The events are becoming increasingly environmentally conscious.76.“Eco-friendly tents”in paragraph 1 refer to tents .A.economically desirableB.favorable to the environmentC.for holding music performancesD.designed for disaster relief77.Mr Dunlop established his business .A.independently with an interest-free loan from MintB.with the approval of the City’s administrationC.in partnership with a finance groupD.with the help of a Japanese architect78.It is implied in the passage that .A.the weather in the UK. Is changeable in summerB.most performances at British festivals are given in the open airC.the cardboard tents produced by Mr Dunlop can be user-tailoredD.cardboard tents can be easily put up and removed by users79.The passage is mainly concerned with .A.an attempt at developing recyclable tentsB.some efforts at making full use of cardboardsC.an unusual success of a graduation projectD.the effects of using cardboard tents on music festivals(E)Directions: Read the following text and choose the most suitable heading from A-F for each80.There were the older jazz musicians who hung around our house when I was young. I saw how much they practiced, how serious they were about their art. I knew then I had to work just as hard if I wanted to succeed. Of course, my father inspired me a lot, and many teachers took the time to81.Yes. We’ve done such a poor job with music education because, as a society, we haven’t maintained the kind of education that a true artist and musician needs. Young people haven’t been able to equate romance and talent with music. For instance, most of the people who make it in the music industry today have to look good. How they sound is secondary. Sarah Vaughan, Bessie Smith, Ella Fitzgerald —those big, romantic queens of jazz music wouldn’t make it in today’s82.Around the would people make music that, if you listen carefully to it, sounds a little like the cadence of their language. I’d call it folk music. When I’m away from home, I make a point of’s on the radio.83.The same music is on the radio all over the world, and the American sound is overwhelming. Even the pop music that’s produced and created in foreign countries has that American beat, that underscore of funk. As a musician, I’m not interested in hearing recycled versions of the same genre over and over. Any music that doesn’t have a development section just isn’t interesting to me.84.The music press has so much to introduce these days, and jazz is just a small fraction of it. Because some people are intimidated by jazz, they don’t cover it unless it’s a big name. New jazz musicians don’t get much of break. A lot of editors don’t say anything about jazz these days unless it’s Marsalis. That’s a shame. What VH1 is doing with their Save the Music campaign is phenomenal. They’re getting all these instruments out to needy kids. It’s the kind of thing all networks should be doing.第Ⅱ卷(共45分)I.TranslationDirections::Translate the following sentences into English using the words given in the brackets.1.他们的新房子离学校很远。
英语考试作文2007本文为十一年雅思写作真题大汇总之2007年部分,按照雅思出题喜欢旧题重现的传统,大家且练且珍惜吧。
经典推荐:考官级口语写作9分范文资料超级大汇总(史无前例数百篇)真题汇总:2007-2017年十一年雅思写作task2考题汇总2007年1月6日The world of work is changing rapidly. Working conditions today are not the same as before and people no longer rely on taking one job for life. Discuss the possible causes for these changes and give your suggestions on how people should prepare for work in the future.2007年1月13日Some people think universities should provide graduates with the knowledge and skills needed in the workplace in the future. Others think the true function of the universityis to give access to knowledge for its own sake. What do you think are the main functions of a university?2007年1月20日Some people say the government should pay for the health care and education, but others say that it is not the government’s responsibility. Discuss both views and give your opinion.2007年2月3日Individuals can do nothing to improve the environment. Only governments and large companies can make a difference. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this opinion?2007年2月10日Maintaining public libraries is a waste of money since computer technology is now replacing their functions. To what extent do you agree or disagree?2007年3月3日Some people think that schools should select pupils according to their academic abilities, while others believe that it is better to have pupils with different abilities study together. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.2007年3月10日With the increase in the use of mobile phones andcomputers, fewer people are writing letters. Some people think that the traditional skill of writing letters will disappear completely. To what extent do you agree or disagree? How important do you think is letter-writing?2007年3月22日Some people think that the government should provide assistance to all kinds of artists including painters, musicians and poets, etc. However, other people think that is a waste of money. Discuss both views and give your opinion.2007年3月31日People can perform everyday tasks, such as shopping and banking as well as business transactions, without meeting other people face-to-face. What are the effects of this on an individual and the society as a whole?2007年4月14日The society would benefit from a ban on all forms of advertising because it serves no useful purpose, and can even be damaging. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this opinion?2007年4月21日Consumers are faced with increasing numbers of advertisements from competing companies. To what extent do youthink are consumers influenced by advertisements? What measures can be taken to protect them?2007年4月28日Air transport is increasingly used to export types of fruits and vegetables to countries where they cannot be grown or are out of season. Some people say it is a good thing, but other people think it can’t be justified. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.2007年5月12日Some people believe that some unpaid community service should be a compulsory part of high school programmers (e.g. working in a charity, improving the relationship of neighborhood or teaching sports to children) To what extent do you agree or disagree?2007年5月19日Computers are increasingly used in education. In which areas do you think are computers more important and in which areas are teachers more important?2007年6月2日Many developing countries are currently expanding their tourist industries Why is this the case? Is it a positive development?2007年6月9日Some people claim that public museums and art galleries will not be needed because people historical objects and works of art by using a computer. Do you agree or disagree with this opinion?2007年6月16日In many countries traditional foods are being replaced by international fast foods. This is having a negative effect on both families and societies. To what extent do you agree or disagree?2007年6月28日The natural resources such as oil, forests and fresh water are being consumed at an alarming rate. What problems does it cause? How can we solve these problems?2007年7月7日In some countries, secondary schools aim to provide a general education across a range of subjects. In others, children focus on a narrow range of subjects related to a particular career. For today’s world, which system is appropriate?2007年7月14日In the last, lecture lectures were used as a way ofteaching large numbers of student, but now with the development of technology for education, many people think there is no justification for attending lectures. To what extent do you agree or disagree?2007年7月21日As we are facing more and more problems which affect the whole planet, good relationships between different countries are becoming more important than ever before. To what extent do you agree or disagree?2007年7月26日Team activities can teach more skills for life than those activities which are played alone. To what extent do you agree or disagree?2007年8月11日It is known to all that the technological and scientific advances have made greater changes to therange and quality of our food. Some people regard it as an improvement while others believe that the change is harmful. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.2007年8月16日The consumption of the resources on the earth is increasing at an alarming rate and above a dangerous level.What are the causes of this? What can be done to reduce it?2007年8月18日Some people think that we should invent a new language for international communication. Do the benefits of this outweigh the problems?2007年8月25日Some people say that it is the responsibility of individuals to save money for their own care after they retire. To what extent do you agree or disagree?2007年9月1日Some people think that studying in a college or university is the best way for students to prepare for their future career. But others think they should leave school as soon as possible to develop their career through work experience. Discuss both these views and give your own opinion.2007年9月8日The unlimited use of cars may cause many problems. What are those problems? In order to reduce the problems, should we discourage people to use cars?2007年9月20日Many countries spend a lot of money in art. Some people think investment in art is necessary, but others saymoney is better spent on improving health and education. Discuss both these views and give your own opinion.2007年9月22日Higher education can be funded in several ways including the following three: 1. All costs are paid by the government. 2. All costs are paid by the student. 3. All costs are paid by the student using loans from the government that must be repaid after graduation. Discuss the benefits of each option. Which is the best one?2007年10月6日Today’s children are living under more pressure from the society than children in the past. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this opinion?2007年10月13日Some employers think that formal academic qualifications are more important than life experiences and personal qualities when they look for an employee. Why is it the case? Is it a positive or negative development?2007年10月20日Some people think it is better for children to begin to learn a foreign language at primary school than at secondary school. What’s your opinion? Do you think the advantagesoutweigh the disadvantages?2007年10月25日Some people think the only purpose of prison is to punish crime. Others think it has other functions. Discuss the two views and give your opinions.2007年11月3日The government should pay for the course fees for everyone who wants to study at the university. To what extent do you agree or disagree?2007年11月17日Nowadays, a large amount of advertising is aimed at children, some people think there are lots of negative effects for children, and should ban it. To what extent you agree or disagree?2007年11月24日Some people believe that giving aid to poorer countries has more negative effects than the positive effects. To what extent do you agree or disagree?2007年12月1日We have entered a throw-away society and fill the environment with rubbish. What are the causes and what are your solutions?2007年12月8日Many people believe that main aim for university education is help graduates to find better job, while some people believe that university education has wider benefit for individual and society.Discuss both view and give your opinion.2007年12月15日Today, it is common that TV news programmes show the images of disasters and violence to the public. Discuss the reasons and the effects on the individual and the society.。
2007年新目标英语作文Absolutely, here's a detailed 800-word essay in English, designed to fulfill your requirements. The essay focuses on the topic of the impact of technology on education, a relevant subject that allows for considerable exploration:---。
The Impact of Technology on Education。
In the modern era, technology has become an integralpart of our daily lives. From smartphones to computers, technology surrounds us, influencing how we communicate, work, and even learn. This rapid technological evolutionhas had a profound impact on education, transforming traditional classrooms and reshaping the way students acquire knowledge. This essay explores how technology has changed education, the benefits it brings, and the challenges it presents.Technological Advancements in Education。
One of the most significant changes technology has brought to education is the digitalization of learning materials. In the past, students relied on textbooks and physical resources to study, but today, much of that information is available online. E-books, online articles, and educational videos have replaced traditional materials, providing students with access to a vast repository of knowledge at their fingertips. This shift has made learning more convenient and flexible, allowing students to study from virtually anywhere.Furthermore, technology has facilitated new forms of learning, such as virtual classrooms and online courses. Platforms like Coursera, Udemy, and Khan Academy offer a wide range of courses on various subjects, allowing students to learn at their own pace. This flexibility is especially valuable for those who may not have the means to attend traditional schools or who need to balance work and education.The Benefits of Technology in Education。
全国2007年4月高等教育自学考试综合英语(二)试题课程代码:00795Ⅰ.语法、词汇。
从A、B、C、D四个选项中,选择一个正确答案,并填入答题纸相应位置。
(本大题共25小题,每小题1分,共25分)Complete each of the following sentences with the most likely answer.(25 points)1. Nowadays some mothers still play ______ big part in the lives of their grown-upchildren.A. /B. aC. theD. an2. It’s much braver to ask questions than to suppress your questions and become deadened _______the world around you.A. ofB. inC. onD. to3. The decorator suggested that he ______ up a screen on the window to let in fresh air and keep out flies.A. fixB. fixedC. fixesD. fixing4. Since she was trapped in a lift for about two hours a year ago she ______ to get back into one.A. doesn’t dareB. didn’t dareC. hasn’t daredD. hadn’t dared5. He has been sitting at the table for several hours, _______ considerably more wine than is good for his health.A. drinksB. drankC. drinkingD. to drink6. “Shall I turn on the television for you?”“No, thanks. I’d rather not ______ television tonight.”A. watchB. to watchC. watchingD. for watching7. The eldest son ______ an outsider when he talks about providing for his old and sick parents.A. seemsB. looks likeC. sounds likeD. appears8. It is estimated that the price of a personal computer ______ by an average of 25% a year since 1990.A. fellB. had fallenC. is fallingD. has fallen9. On a quiet weekend one ______ by the noise of the home interior decoration of one’s neighbours.A. annoysB. is annoyedC. annoyedD. annoying10. If you had listened to me, you ______ in such great trouble now.A. wouldn’t beB. would not have beenC. won’t beD. won’t have been11. Peter planned to convert his house into three flats, ______ two bedrooms, aliving-room, a kitchen and a bathroom.A. every one consisted ofB. all consisting inC. each consisting ofD. one consisted in12. ______ been so many people on a diet as today.A. More than ever before have thereB. In the past there have neverC. Never before there haveD. Formerly there had never13. In the operation two armed robbers were killed and ______ were captured.A. restB. othersC. the restD. the other14. The director was told that he had finally got the ______ to film Moment in Peking.A. promiseB. offerC. agreementD. permission15. We had a marvelous holiday; only the last two days were slightly ______ by the bad weather.A. damagedB. spoiledC. ruinedD. wasted16. I kept the little girl ______ till her parents returned home.A. the companyB. the companionC. companyD. companion17. Typing all in capital letters is generally considered as impolite, because it ______ shouting.A. equals toB. equatesC. is equalD. is equivalent to18. Cathy doesn’t care about what she eats, but she is very ______ about what she wears.A. particularB. caringC. carelessD. demanding19. His offer took me completely ______.A. with surpriseB. of surpriseC. by surpriseD. to surprise20. Students of the Foreign Languages Department should ______ themselves with international affairs.A. be concernedB. concernC. get involvedD. involve21. We are going to the pier to see a friend ______. He is sailing for Europe.A. ofB. offC. awayD. out22. Shoppers have a great _______ toward impulsive buying.A. temptationB. attractionC. desireD. tendency23. In many ______, parents might unintentionally wrong their children.A. examplesB. occasionsC. casesD. ways24. The art exhibition was well designed ______ the disarrangement of a few pieces of photos.A. exceptB. besidesC. in addition toD. except for25. I am afraid your paper is not closely related ______ the topic given.A. toB. ofC. withD. aboutⅡ.完形填空。
英语六级2007年6⽉6级真题听⼒lrc录⾳原⽂2007年6⽉6级真题制作lrc⽂件的⽅法:1.先新建⼀个⽂本⽂档2.复制全⽂3.粘贴到⽂本⽂档,并保存4.将⽂本⽂档的为⽂件后缀名txt改为lrc,将会弹出⼀个对话框,击“确定”5.再将此lrc⽂件的⽂件名改成与⾳频⽂件的⽂件名相同即可。
注:由于⾳频⽂件的不同,lrc原⽂可能不同步,可以⽤“记事本”打开此lrc⽂件,修改时间即可。
[ti:][ar:][al:][by:][00:08.00]College English Test-Band six[00:11.28]Part III Listening Comprehension[00:14.89]Section A[00:16.75]Directions: In this section,[00:19.92]you will hear 8 short conversations[00:22.43]and 2 long conversations.[00:24.73]At the end of each conversation,[00:26.92]one or more questions will be asked about[00:29.32]what was said. Both the conversation and the questions[00:33.15]will be spoken only once.[00:35.34]After each question there will be a pause.[00:38.62]During the pause, you must read the four choices[00:42.23]marked A), B), C) and D), and decide[00:46.71]which is the best answer.[00:48.79]Then mark the corresponding letter on[00:51.52]Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.[00:56.61]Now let's begin with the 8 short conversations.[01:02.65]11. W: Jim, you are on the net again![01:07.90]When are you going to get off? It's time for the talk show.[01:12.16]M: Just a minute dear! I'm looking at a new jewelry site.[01:16.10]I want to make sure I get the right gift for mom's birthday.[01:20.23]Q: What is the man doing right now?[01:37.33]12. W: I have never seen you[01:41.04]have such confidence before in the exam![01:43.67]M: It's more than confidence![01:45.53]Right now I feel that if I get less than an A,[01:48.81]it will be the fault of the exam itself.[01:51.90]Q: What does the man mean?[02:08.57]13. W: Just look at this newspaper![02:12.95]Nothing but murder, death and war![02:16.34]Do you still believe people are basically good?[02:19.73]M: Of course, I do! But newspapers[02:22.68]hardly ever report stories about peace and generosity.[02:26.73]They are not news![02:28.80]Q: What do we learn from the conversation?[02:45.55]14. M: Tom must be joking when he said[02:50.59]he plans to sell his shop and go to medical school.[02:54.09]W: You are quite right! He's just kidding![02:56.93]He's also told me time and time again[03:00.21]he wished to study for some profession[03:02.83]instead of going into business.[03:05.13]Q: What will Tom probably do according to the conversation?[03:22.51]15. W: I hear your boss has a real good impression of you,[03:29.29]and he is thinking about giving you two more days off each month. [03:33.56]M: I hope not. I'd rather get more work hours ,[03:36.83]so I can get enough bucks to help out my two kids at college. [03:41.32]Q: What does the man truly want?[03:58.33]16. M: I heard you took a trip to Mexico last month.[04:04.01]How did you like it?[04:05.55]W: Oh, I got sick and tired of the hotels[04:08.83]and hotel food! So now I understand the thing:[04:13.31]East, west, home's best![04:17.47]Q: What does the woman mean?[04:32.66]17. W: I'm worried about Anna.[04:37.80]She's really been depressed lately.[04:40.53]All she does is staying in her room all day.[04:43.70]M: That sounds serious![04:45.78]She'd better see a psychiatrist at the counseling center.[04:50.15]Q: What does the man suggest Anna do?[05:06.52]18. M: I could hardly recognize[05:11.66]Sam after he got that new job![05:13.96]He's always in a suit and tie now.[05:16.48]W: Yeah. He was never liked that in college.[05:19.97]Back then, he went around in old T-shirts and jeans.[05:24.46]Q: What do the speakers say about Sam?[05:42.63]Now you will hear the two long conversations.[05:46.45]Conversation One[05:48.53]M: Hi, Ann! Welcome back! How was your trip to the States? [05:54.11]W: Very busy. I had a lot of meetings,[05:58.05]so, of course, I didn't have much time to see New York.[06:02.41]M: What a pity! Actually, I have a trip there myself next week. [06:06.69]W: Do you? Then take my advice, do the well-being[06:11.39]in the air program. It really works.[06:14.45]M: Oh, I read about that in a magazine.[06:16.86]You say it works?[06:18.05]W: Yes, I did the program on the flight to the States,[06:21.45]and when I arrived in New York,[06:24.07]I didn't have any problem, no jet lag at all.[06:28.12]On the way back, I didn't do it, and I felt terrible.[06:33.04]M: You're joking![06:34.13]W: Not at all, it really made a lot of difference.[06:37.85]M: En. So what did you do?[06:40.70]W: Well, I didn't drink any alcohol or coffee,[06:44.63]and I didn't eat any meat or rich food.[06:47.91]I drink a lot of water, and free juice,[06:51.19]and I ate the meals on the well-being menu.[06:54.58]They're lighter. They have fish, vegetables, and noodles, [06:59.39]for example, and I did some of the exercises in the program. [07:03.77]M: Exercises? On a plane?[07:06.39]W: Yes. I didn't do many, of course,[07:09.67]there isn't much space on a plane.[07:12.19]M: How many passengers do the exercises?[07:14.93]W: Not many.[07:16.57]M: Then how much champagne did they drink?[07:19.08]W: A lot! It was more popular than mineral water.[07:22.69]M: So, basically, it's a choice.[07:24.77]Mineral water and exercises, or champagne and jet lag.[07:28.92]W: That's right! It's a difficult choice.[07:33.73]Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation[07:38.55]you have just heard.[07:40.41]19. Why did the woman go to New York?[07:59.16]20. What does the woman say about the well-being[08:03.75]in the air program?[08:19.58]21. What did the woman do to follow the well-being menu? [08:39.66]22. What did the woman say about other passengers?[08:59.60]Conversation Two[09:02.30]W: Morning. Can I help you?[09:05.48]M: Well, I' m not really sure.[09:07.77]I' m just looking.[09:08.98]W: I see. Well, there's plenty to look at it again this year. [09:13.24]I'm sure you have to walk miles to see each stand. [09:16.85]M: That's true.[09:17.72]W: Er..., would you like a coffee?[09:19.91]Come and sit down for a minute, no obligation. [09:22.75]M: Well, that's very kind of you, but…[09:25.27]W: Now, please. Is this the first year[09:28.22]you've been to the fair, Mr...[09:30.08]M: Yes, Johnson, James Johnson.[09:32.71]W: My name's Susan Carter.[09:34.67]Are you looking for anything in particular,[09:37.19]or are you just interested in computers in general? [09:40.25]M: Well, actually, I have some specific jobs in mind. [09:43.97]I own a small company, we've grown quite dramatically [09:47.80]over the past 12 months,[09:49.00]and we really need some technological help to [09:51.73]enable us to keep on top of everything.[09:54.25]W: What's your line of business, Mr. Johnson?[09:57.20]M: We're a training consultancy.[09:59.39]W: I see. And what do you need “to keep on top”? [10:03.87]M: The first thing is correspondence.[10:06.28]We have a lot of standard letters and forms.[10:08.90]So I suppose we need some kind of word processor. [10:12.07]W: Right. Well, that's no problem.[10:15.36]But it may be possible for you to get a system[10:18.53]that does a lot of other things[10:20.28]in addition to word processing.[10:22.14]What might suit you is the MR5000.[10:26.73]That's it over there! It's IBM compatible.[10:30.12]M: What about the price?[10:32.62]W: Well, the MR5000 costs 1 050 pounds.[10:38.64]Software comes free with the hardware.[10:41.48]M: Well, I'll think about it. Thank you.[10:45.20]W: Here's my card. Please feel free to contact me. [10:49.79]Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation [10:54.60]you have just heard.[10:57.12]23. Where did the conversation take place?[11:16.64]24. What are the speakers talking about?[11:35.72]25. What is the man's line of business?[11:54.49]Section B[11:56.67]Directions: In this section,[12:01.05]you will hear 3 short passages.[12:04.22]At the end of each passage,[12:05.97]you will hear some questions.[12:07.94]Both the passage and the questions[12:10.13]will be spoken only once.[12:12.64]After you hear a question,[12:14.39]you must choose the best answer from the four choices [12:18.00]marked A), B), C) and D).[12:22.37]Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 [12:26.75]with a single line through the centre.[12:29.81]Passage One[12:32.22]The new year always brings with the cultural tradition [12:36.92]of new possibilities.[12:38.89]We see it as a chance for renewal.[12:41.73]We begin to dream of new possible selves.[12:45.23]We design our ideal self or an image[12:49.06]that is quite different from what we are now.[12:51.79]For some of us, we roll at dreamy film in our heads[12:56.17]just because it's the beginning of a new year.[12:58.79]But we aren't serious about making changes.[13:02.51]We just make some half-hearted resolution[13:05.35]and it evaporates after a week or two.[13:08.53]The experience makes us feel less successful[13:12.24]and leads us to discount our ability[13:15.08]to change in the future. It's not the changes impossible [13:19.90]but that it won't last unless our resolutions[13:23.29]are supported with plans for implementation.[13:26.57]We have to make our intentions manageable[13:29.52]by detailing the specific steps[13:32.04]that will carry us to our goal.[13:34.33]Say your goal is to lose weight by dieting[13:38.38]and cutting off sweets.[13:40.56]But one night you just have to have a cookie.[13:44.06]And you know there's a bag of your favorites[13:46.91]in the cupboard. You want one, you eat two,[13:51.39]you check the bag and find out[13:53.91]you've just shot 132 calories. You say to yourself,[13:59.16]“What the hell!” and polish off the whole bag.[14:02.11]Then you begin to draw all kinds of[14:05.61]unpleasant conclusions about yourself.[14:09.00]To protect your sense of self,[14:11.07]you begin to discount the goal. You may think--[14:15.24]"Well, dieting wasn't that important to me[14:18.40]and I won't make it anyhow.”[14:20.92]So you abandon the goal and return to your bad habits. [14:26.72]Questions 26 to 28 are based on the passage[14:31.42]you have just heard.[14:33.93]26. What do people usually wish to do[14:39.29]at the beginning of a new year?[14:54.88]27. How can people turn their new year's resolutions[15:00.56]into reality?[15:15.43]28. Why does the speaker mention[15:20.03]the example of sweets and cookies?[15:37.66]Passage Two[15:39.85]25 years ago, Ray Anderson,[15:43.90]a single parent with a one-year-old son[15:46.19]witnessed a terrible accident[15:48.60]which took place when the driver of a truck[15:51.22]ran a red light and collided with the car of Sandra Drinkins. [15:56.14]The impact of the collision killed Sandra instantly.[15:59.54]But her three-month-old daughter[16:01.83]was left trapped in the burning car.[16:03.91]While others looked on in horror,[16:06.42]Andersen jumped out of his vehicle[16:08.83]and crawled into the car through the shadowed rear window [16:12.22]to try to free the infant. Seconds later,[16:16.49]the car was enclosed in flames.[16:19.66]But to everyone's amazement,[16:22.07]Andersen was able to pull the baby to safety.[16:25.67]While the baby was all right, Andersen[16:28.41]was seriously injured. Two days later he died.[16:33.55]But his heroic act was published widely in the media. [16:37.59]His son was soon adopted by relatives.[16:40.88]The most remarkable part of the story unfolded only last week. [16:46.02]Karen and her boyfriend Michael were looking[16:49.40]through some old boxes[16:50.93]When they came across some old newspaper clippings. [16:54.54]“This is me when I was a new born baby.[16:57.61]I was rescued from a burning car.[16:59.79]But my mother died in the accident,”explained Karen.[17:03.62]Although Michael knew Karen's mother[17:05.81]had died years earlier,[17:07.67]he never fully understood the circumstances[17:10.29]until he skimmed over the newspaper article.[17:13.68]To Karen's surprise,[17:15.87]Michael was absorbed in the details of the accident.[17:18.82]And he began to cry uncontrollably.[17:22.21]Then he revealed that the man that pulled Karen[17:25.82]from the flames was the father he never knew.[17:29.54]The two embraced and shed many tears,[17:32.49]recounting stories told to them about their parents.[17:37.41]Questions29 to 31 are based on the passage you have just heard.[17:43.65]29. What happened twenty-five years ago?[18:01.79]30. What does the speaker say about Michael's father?[18:20.82]31. Why did Michael cry uncontrollably[18:25.84]when he skimmed over the newspaper article?[18:42.66]Passage Three[18:45.71]Americans suffer from an overdose of work.[18:49.87]Regardless of who they are or what they do.[18:53.15]Americans spend more time at work[18:55.34]than that any time since World War II.[18:58.41]In 1950,the US had fewer working hours[19:03.16]than any other industrialized country.[19:06.12]Today, it exceeds every country but Japan[19:09.07]where industrial employees load 2155 hours a year[19:15.41]compared with 1951 in the US[19:19.79]and 1603 in the former West Germany.[19:24.93]Between 1969 and 1989, employed Americans[19:30.29]add an average of 138 hours to their yearly work schedules.[19:35.97]The workweek has remained above 40 hours.[19:39.37]But people are working more weeks each year.[19:43.09]Specifically pay time off holidays, vacations,[19:48.33]sick leave shrank by 50% in the 1980s.[19:53.47]As corporations have experienced stiff competitions[19:57.59]and slow in growth of productivity,[19:59.77]they have pressed employees to work longer.[20:03.60]Cost-cutting lay-offs in the 1980s[20:06.88]reduce the professional and managerial runs,[20:10.16]leaving fewer people to get the job done.[20:13.12]In lower paid occupations[20:16.07]where wages have been reduced,[20:18.26]workers have added hours in overtime[20:20.99]or extra jobs to preserve their living standard.[20:24.38]The government estimates that more than 7 million people hold a second job. [20:29.85]For the first time,[20:32.25]large numbers of people say they want to cut back[20:34.87]on working hours even it means earning less money.[20:38.81]But most employers are unwilling to let them do so.[20:42.96]The government which has stepped back from its traditional role[20:47.01]as a regulator of work time[20:49.52]should take steps to make shorter hours possible.[20:53.96]Questions 32 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.[21:00.53]32. In which country do industrial employees[21:06.32]work the longest hours?[21:22.23]33. How do employed Americans manage to work more hours?[21:42.96]34. Why do corporations press their employees[21:48.43]to work longer hours according to the speaker?[22:05.90]35. What does the speaker[22:09.07]say many Americans prefer to do?[22:25.20]Section C[22:27.72]Directions: In this section,[22:30.67]you will hear a passage three times.[22:33.51]When the passage is read for the first time,[22:36.36]you should listen carefully for its general idea.[22:39.42]When the passage is read for the second time,[22:42.48]you are required to fill in the blanks numbered[22:45.32]from 36 to 43 with the exact words[22:49.04]you have just heard. For blanks numbered[22:52.43]from 44 to 46 you are required[22:55.38]to fill in the missing information.[22:58.23]For these blanks, you can either use the exact words [23:01.94]you have just heard or write down the main points[23:05.01]in your own words. Finally, when the passage[23:08.83]is read for the third time, you should check[23:11.56]what you have written.[23:13.81]Now listen to the passage.[23:16.87]Nursing, as a typically female profession,[23:21.14]must deal constantly with the false impression[23:23.98]that nurses are there to wait on the physician.[23:27.48]As nurses, we are licensed to provide nursing care only. [23:32.74]We do not have any legal[23:34.26]or moral obligation to any physician.[23:37.76]We provide health teaching, assess physical[23:41.26]as well as emotional problems,[23:43.88]coordinate patient-related services,[23:46.29]and make all of our nursing decisions based upon[23:49.13]what is best or suitable for the patient.[23:52.41]If, in any circumstance,[23:54.93]we feel that a physician's order[23:56.90]is inappropriate or unsafe,[23:59.96]we have a legal responsibility to question[24:02.59]that order or refuse to carry it out.[24:06.31]Nursing is not a nine-to-five job with every weekend off. [24:11.01]All nurses are aware of that before they enter the profession. [24:15.16]The emotional and physical stress, however,[24:18.00]that occurs due to odd working hours[24:20.41]is a prime reason for a lot of the career dissatisfaction. [24:25.33]It is sometimes required that we work overtime,[24:28.94]and that we change shifts four or five times a month. [24:33.42]That disturbs our personal lives,[24:36.16]disrupts our sleeping and eating habits,[24:39.01]and isolates us from everything[24:41.52]except job-related friends and activities.[24:45.13]The quality of nursing care[24:46.99]is being affected dramatically by these situations.[24:50.82]Most hospitals are now staffed by new graduates,[24:54.53]as experienced nurses[24:56.72]finally give up trying to change the system.[25:00.55]Consumers of medically related services[25:03.50]have evidently not been affected enough yet[25:06.78]to demand changes in our medical system.[25:10.28]But if trends continue as predicted,[25:13.67]they will find that most critical hospital care[25:16.85]will be provided by new, inexperienced,[25:21.00]and sometimes inadequately trained nurses.[25:26.30]Now the passage will be read again.[25:29.03]Nursing, as a typically female profession,[25:33.40]must deal constantly with the false impression[25:36.36]that nurses are there to wait on the physician.[25:40.08]As nurses, we are licensed to provide nursing care only. [25:45.32]We do not have any legal[25:46.97]or moral obligation to any physician.[25:50.25]We provide health teaching, assess physical[25:54.07]as well as emotional problems,[25:56.38]coordinate patient-related services,[25:59.22]and make all of our nursing decisions based upon[26:02.39]what is best or suitable for the patient.[26:05.56]If, in any circumstance,[26:08.40]we feel that a physician's order[26:10.04]is inappropriate or unsafe,[26:12.89]we have a legal responsibility to question[26:15.73]that order or refuse to carry it out.[26:19.23]Nursing is not a nine-to-five job with every weekend off. [26:24.92]All nurses are aware of that before they enter the profession. [26:29.73]The emotional and physical stress, however,[26:32.68]that occurs due to odd working hours[26:35.09]is a prime reason for a lot of the career dissatisfaction. [26:40.11]It is sometimes required that we work overtime,[26:44.27]and that we change shifts four or five times a month. [27:52.59]That disturbs our personal lives,[27:55.43]disrupts our sleeping and eating habits,[27:57.94]and isolates us from everything[28:00.13]except job-related friends and activities.[28:04.02]The quality of nursing care[28:06.53]is being affected dramatically by these situations.[28:10.65]Most hospitals are now staffed by new graduates,[28:14.58]as experienced nurses[28:16.77]finally give up trying to change the system.[29:35.84]Consumers of medically related services[29:38.36]have evidently not been affected enough yet[29:41.03]to demand changes in our medical system.[29:44.09]But if trends continue as predicted,[29:47.04]they will find that most critical hospital care[29:50.10]will be provided by new, inexperienced,[29:53.49]and sometimes inadequately trained nurses.[31:26.61]Now the passage will be read for the third time.[31:31.75]Nursing, as a typically female profession,[31:35.80]must deal constantly with the false impression[31:38.42]that nurses are there to wait on the physician.[31:42.03]As nurses, we are licensed to provide nursing care only. [31:47.61]We do not have any legal[31:48.93]or moral obligation to any physician.[31:52.53]We provide health teaching, assess physical[31:56.14]as well as emotional problems,[31:58.77]coordinate patient-related services,[32:01.06]and make all of our nursing decisions based upon[32:03.80]what is best or suitable for the patient.[32:07.08]If, in any circumstance,[32:09.59]we feel that a physician's order[32:11.56]is inappropriate or unsafe,[32:14.84]we have a legal responsibility to question[32:17.36]that order or refuse to carry it out.[32:21.08]Nursing is not a nine-to-five job with every weekend off. [32:25.89]All nurses are aware of that before they enter the profession. [32:29.93]The emotional and physical stress, however,[32:32.67]that occurs due to odd working hours[32:35.40]is a prime reason for a lot of the career dissatisfaction. [32:40.21]It is sometimes required that we work overtime,[32:43.83]and that we change shifts four or five times a month. [32:48.31]That disturbs our personal lives,[32:51.15]disrupts our sleeping and eating habits,[32:54.10]and isolates us from everything[32:56.18]except job-related friends and activities.[33:00.12]The quality of nursing care[33:02.09]is being affected dramatically by these situations.[33:06.02]Most hospitals are now staffed by new graduates, [33:09.85]as experienced nurses[33:12.04]finally give up trying to change the system. [33:15.64]Consumers of medically related services [33:18.71]have evidently not been affected enough yet [33:22.10]to demand changes in our medical system. [33:25.27]But if trends continue as predicted,[33:28.99]they will find that most critical hospital care [33:32.05]will be provided by new, inexperienced,[33:36.28]and sometimes inadequately trained nurses. [33:42.14]This is the end of listening comprehension.。
Part I Listening Comprehension (25minutes,30points)Section A (6points)Directions:In this section,you will hear 6short conversations.At the end of each conversation,a question will be asked about what was said.Both the conversation and the question will be read only once.After each question,there will be a pause.During the pause,you must read the three choices marked A,B and C,and decide which is the best answer.Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.1.A.He hasn ’t found a suitable one. B.He hasn ’t enough money.C.He prefers his old one.2.A.In ten minutes. B.In fifteen minutes. C.In twenty minutes.3.A.Have dinner with Mary. B.See a film with Mary.C.Do his homework.4.A.Rainy. B.Sunny. C.Cloudy.5.A.He has to go to the bank. B.He has missed the train.C.His train has been delayed.6.A.£315. B.£350. C.£375.Section B (4points)Directions:In this section,you will hear one long conversation.The conversation will be2007National English Contest for College Students(Level C -Preliminary)1--read only once.At the end of the conversation,there will be a one-minute pause.During the pause,you must read the four questions,each with three choices marked A,B and C, and decide which is the best answer.Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.7.What office is the student looking for?A.Accounting.B.Economic History.C.Economics.8.When was the orientation meeting held?A.Yesterday.st Friday.C.A week ago.9.What is the rule about attendance at lectures?A.It is optional.B.It is necessary.C.It is difficult to enforce.10.How often does the student have to attend tutorials?A.Once every other week.B.Three times a week.C.Once a week.Section C(10points)Directions:In this section,you will hear10short news items.After each item,there will be a pause.During the pause,you must read the question and then the three choices marked A,B and C,and decide which is the best answer.Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.11.When did the bomb go off in a popular market in central Baghdad?te in the evening.B.At mid-morning.te in the afternoon.12.What’s the purpose of the Amber Alert program?A.To report the number of children missing in the U.S.every year.B.To help find the children who are believed to have been abducted.C.To find out the reasons why children are kidnapped in the U.S.13.How many villages have been involved in the inter-communal fighting in Chad?A.Fewer than8.B.About10.C.Over20.14.What is the best tactic when you’re caught up by a rolling wave of snow?A.To create space around you.B.To outrun the avalanche.C.To leave the ski resort instantly.15.What’s the news item mainly talking about?A.Development of medical technology.B.Health care in California.C.Health insurance in the U.S.2--16.How many people did bird flu kill in Indonesia in two weeks?A.5.B.2.C.35.17.What’s the function of the new drug produced by Pfizer?A.Reducing dogs’weight.B.Increasing dogs’appetite.C.Controlling dogs’population.18.What will soon begin in the southern Senegalese towns?A.Planting new agricultural crops.B.Biofuel production.C.Fuel recycling.19.When did Ponti begin making films?A.In1913.B.In1931.C.In1938.20.What’s the main reason Democrats could regain control of Congress after12years?A.Nancy Pelosi has become their leader.B.Americans are dissatisfied with the Iraq war.C.They support sending more troops to Iraq.Section D(10points)Directions:In this section,you will hear a short passage.There are ten missing words or phrases in it.Fill in the blanks with the exact words you hear on the tape.Remember to write the answers on the Answer Sheet.Every traveller has a tale to tell about bad driving.These are usually exaggerated (21)of life on the main streets of cities where the motorists are crazy and traffic lights are treated as colourful(22).It all happened on a Sunday April morning.I(23)my intention to turn left into a side road and paused as the oncoming traffic cleared.But as I drove across the road,an elderly man driving a battered Renault12chose to overtake me(24)pass on the inside.There was a fearful bang and my car was pushed sideways.I felt groggy and bruised and was taken to hospital in the back seat of a police car.There my spleen was removed.Fortunately,though,my recovery was steady and(25).But that’s not the end of the tale.Yes,I had taken out insurance and it covered my medical expenses,(26)while I recovered and my flights home.However,as al-ways,there was a catch to it.I had(27)hired my car from a backstreet firm called Kavis that had been recommended by the hotel front desk.I was assured that I had3--full insurance cover,but Kavis(28)my credit card谊800on the day of the accident.My solicitor took advice on the form I had signed.Being in a hurry at the time,I hadn’t(29)to get it translated.“Mr.Balmer was stupid to sign this document,”it read.I(30)with a smile.After all,I am still alive!Part II Vocabulary and Structure(10minutes,15points) Directions:There are15incomplete sentences in this part.For each blank there are four choices marked A,B,C and D.Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.31.If I lose my new watch my parents will be very annoyed me.A.againstB.withC.forD.about32.I don’t think possible to master a foreign language without much memorywork.A.thisB.thatC.itsD.it33.Does brain power as we get older?Scientists now have some surprising an-swers.A.descendB.declineC.reduceD.collapse34.I don’t believe in Brown’s adventure at all.It sounds so.A.incredibleB.credibleC.incredulousD.credulous35.We’ll never get to the station on time we run as fast as we can.A.in caseB.even ifC.provided thatD.if only36.Oil sales volume in local urban and rural areas rose by24%and50%,overJuly2006.A.separatelyB.individuallyC.independentlyD.respectively37.The shipping authorities followed the of the unidentified submarine ontheir radar screens.A.channelB.wayC.courseD.direction38.I set off as soon as I got the news about my grandpa’s illness.Unfortunately,heat the hospital before I.A.has died;went thereB.had died;arrivedC.died;had been thereD.was dying;had gone39.The committee has made rules all its members are supposed to work.4--A.by whichB.so thatC.now thatD.for which40.They were married for fifteen years but have now up and live apart.A.splitB.dividedC.divorcedD.separated41.We wouldn’t have missed the train if we to the station.A.didn’t walkB.wouldn’t runC.hadn’t walkedD.weren’t running42.No matter what measure they took,in no way.A.could the outflowing tide be controlledB.the outflowing tide could be controlledC.could the outflowing tide controlD.the outflowing tide could control43.—Did you get any information from Peter?—He an expert,but he doesn’t seem to know much.A.believes to beB.is supposed to beC.thought to beD.is claimed being44.—The radio’s terribly loud.Could you turn it down a little?—Sorry!—Yes,and something else-wouldn’t it be an idea to buy your own soap?A.Is it disturbing you?B.I forgot where I put my soap this morning.C.A football match was broadcast live on it.D.Could you repeat what you said?45.—Can I book a room from now until Friday?——What’s the price?—$128.75not counting the service.A.Definitely.Go see it yourself.B.Yes,our hotel is quite near to the station.C.Of course.Would you like to follow me?D.You can have Room33,overlooking the sea.Part III IQ Test(5minutes,5points)Directions:There are5IQ Test questions in this part.For each question there are4 choices marked A,B,C and D.Mark your answer on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.5--46.Which figure completes the sequence?47.A man has 29socks in his drawer,9identical blue,8identical grey and 12identical black.The lights have fused and he is completely in the dark.How many socks must he take out to make certain that he has a pair of each colour?A.21B.14C.23D.2448.Which comes next?A,1A,111A,311A,?A.1312AB.13211AC.1231AD.11231A49.Find the weight to balance the scales.A.5kg 50.What is the missing number?A.748B.754C.745D.784Part IV ReadingComprehension (25minutes,40points)Section A (6points)Directions:There is one passage in this section with 6questions.For each question,there are four choices marked A,B,C and D.You should decide on the best choice.Then4kg 16kg 10kg ?A. B.C. D.6--“A Unique Experience inIndian Cuisine”Opening night at the Gandhi Restaurant brought cries of praise and delight from customers when they sampled the unique cuisine on Monday night. Opened by County Councillor,Mr. Tony Peaston,the Gandhi offers the dis-cerning diner authentic Indian dishes,many available for the first time in Hampshire. The secret lies in the preparation-only authentic Indian herbs and spices are used to individually prepare each special dish,following ancient recipes,many hand-ed down through generations of Indian chefs.High Standard“I’ve travelled extensively and dined at many Indian restaurants throughout the country,but rarely have I tasted Indian food of such a high standard,”extolled Councillor Peaston.“Whilst Gandhi himself was a leader of men,the Gandhi Restaurant could be considered the leader of a new breed of Indian cuisine in Hampshire,”he added.“By far the best curry we have had in the Portsmouth area,”was the comment of Havant diners,Mr.and Mrs.Jim Cairns of Denvilles.“We enjoyed the different menu andmark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre. Questions51-56are based on the following passage.7--51.“A Unique Experience in Indian Cuisine ”here means that the Gandhi restaurant.A.is the only genuine Indian restaurant in HampshireB.offers customers its own special style of cookingC.makes special food for native Indian customersD.is trying out Indian recipes for the first time52.How does the food preparation contribute to the unique experience?A.It varies from customer to customer,depending on the price.B.The methods used are secret and known only to the chef.C.It uses genuine Indian ingredients and follows ancient recipes.D.It follows methods described by traditional Indian authors.found the advice of the staff,explaining how each dish was prepared,very helpful for de -ciding our choice of menu,”they said.Such glowing comments reflect the ex -clusive nature of the dishes available at the Gandhi Restaurant.Original Recipes You can choose from a menu which of -fers curries and tandoories,knowing each one is specially cooked for you,with indi -vidual care and attention,according to strict original recipes,by a top London chef,for -merly of Covent Garden.And after you have sampled the spicy delights of your main course,you can select from a choice of original Indian sweets to temper your palate.Relaxing in the comfortable surround -ings of the restaurant,you can have a hot towel to freshen yourself or clean your fin -gers between courses -another touch of In -dian living.The Gandhi Restaurant,situated at 139Kingston Road,Portsmouth,is fully li -censed and open seven days a week.You can pop in for a traditional Indi -an lunch between 12and 2:30pm or enjoy a languid evening meal,when the restau -rant is open from 6pm to midnight.But take care to book in advance,as demand for this cuisine is expected to be high,so avoid disappointment by tele -phoning Portsmouth 811966.As proof of confidence in your enjoy -ment,the Gandhi is offering a 10per cent discount on the cost of your meal,when you produce this advertisement within three months of the opening.The staff at the Gandhi look forward to serving you with your first taste of truly authentic Indian cuisine in this area -and they know you will come back again and again.8--53.According to the article,in what way does the restaurant live up to its name?A.It will soon be as famous throughout the world as Gandhi himself.B.The owner considers himself to be a leader of the local Indian community.C.It has had a considerable influence on other Hampshire restaurants.D.It sets new standards of excellence for other Indian restaurants to follow.54.Where did the top chef of the Gandhi Restaurant use to work?A.In London.B.In Hampshire.C.In Denvilles.D.In Portsmouth.55.Hot towels are provided.A.because customers feel coldB.to make customers feel more relaxedC.mainly for hygienic reasonsD.to give customers the true feel of Indian life56.Customers can obtain a cheaper meal by.A.bringing the advertisement with themB.making a phone call to the restaurantC.providing proof of their enjoymentD.contributing to the cost of advertisingSection B(7points)Directions:In this section,there is one passage followed by7statements.Go over the passage quickly and mark the answers on the Answer Sheet.For questions57-63,mark Y(for Yes)if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage;N(for No)if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage;NG(for Not Given)if the information is not given in the passage.Questions57-63are based on the following passage.Eleven days ago,as he felt himself being crushed from head to toe,Andrew Jepson was certain he was about to die.Yesterday the26-year-old construction worker was able to stroll around his parents蒺home and tell for the first time how he survived being run over by a four-ton road roller.9--The accident hap -penedas Mr.Jepson worked at a building site at Heathrow andthe roller was reversing at 4mph.“I was looking awayand then I just felt it goover my leg ”,he said.“Ifell to the floor and felt this amazing pain in my leg as it was being crushed.”“When I felt it running over me I thought this is it,I ’m dead.Nobody can survive this.”“There was absolutely nothing I could do.The pain was horrendous and all the air was being crushed out of my lungs.”“I couldn ’t breathe.I thought every breath would be my last.”The machine took more than a second to roll over Mr.Jepson ’s body.“It came over my head but I had my hard hat on which must have blocked most of the pressure,”he said.Workmates believed he would be dead but the uneven surface,foundation for a road,cushioned much of the weight of the roller and saved him.“Afterwards I tried to get straight up,”he said.“I was fully conscious.I was in shock but for some reason I thought,‘If I stay down,I will die.’”“Luckily a labourer ran over and kept me down so that I would not do any more in -jury to myself.”“The driver rushed over.He was really upset.I said,‘You are not to blame,it was just an accident.’”Mr.Jepson,a site engineer,suffered crushed ribs,bruising,cuts and a collapsed left lung but escaped permanent injury.An air ambulance arrived and doctors operated at the scene.He spent two days in intensive care but six days later was back at his parents ’home near Spalding,Lincolnshire.Worker is crushed into broken gravel /concrete base as roller reverses over him at 4mph.Ridges in uneven surface take some of roller 蒺s 4-ton load.Mail Graphics:Adrian Black and Liz Faunce 10--“It is like being born again,”said Mr.Jepson,who has amazed doctors with his re-covery.“When I came around from the anaesthetic I just cried with joy.Being able to walk and breathe again is the most wonderful thing in the world.”Mr.Jepson’s62-year-old father,John,said,“When we heard he had been under a roller I feared the worst.We prayed all the way to the hospital.To see him now is just wonderful.”Mr.Jepson’s employer,construction firm Laing,said the accident was still being in-vestigated.Statements:Section C(7points)Directions:Y ou are going to read a magazine article about sand.Seven sentences have been removed from the article.Choose from the sentences(A-H)the one which fits each gap(64-70).There is one extra sentence which you do not need to use.Mark your an原swers on the Answer Sheet.Sand:as children we play on it and as adults we relax on it.It is something we complain about when it gets in our eyes on a windy beach,and praise when it is made into sand castles.But we don’t often look at it.If we did,we would discover an account of a11--geological past and a history of sea life that goes back thousands and,in some cases,mil-lions of years.Sand covers not just seashores,but also ocean beds,deserts and mountains.And it is a major element in manufactured products too-concrete is largelysand,while glass is made of little else.Well,it is larger than fine dust and smaller than shingle.In fact,accord-ing to the most generally accepted scheme of measurement,grains can be called sand if their diameter is greater than0.06of a millimetre and less than0.6of a millimetre.Depending on its age and origin,a particular sand can consist of tiny stones or porous grains through which water can pass.They have come from the breakingdown of rocks,or from the dead bodies of sea creatures,which collect on the bottom of the oceans,or even from volcanic eruptions.If it is a dazzling white,its grains may come from nearby coral,fromcrystalline quartz rocks or from gypsum,like the white sand of New Mexico.On Pacific Islands,jet black sands form from volcanic minerals.Other black beaches are magnetic and are mined for iron ore.It washes rock into streams and rivers and down to the sea,leaving be-hind softer materials.By the time it reaches the sea,the hardest rocks remain but every-thing else has been broken into tiny particles of0.02millimetre diameter or less.The largest pieces fall to the bottom quickly,while smaller particles float and settle only slowly in deeper water,which is why the sandy beach on the shoreline so often turns to mud further out.If the individual fragments still have sharp edges,you can be sure theywere formed fairly recently.This is the case on the island of Kamoama in Hawaii,where a beach was created after a volcanic eruption in1990.Molten lava spilled into the sea and exploded into glassy droplets.It seems that when the poet William Blake saw infinity in a grain of sand he was not far wrong.Sand is an irreplaceable industrial ingredient which has many uses.Sand cushions our land from the force of the sea,and geologists say it often does a better job protecting our shores than the most advanced coastal technology.12--Section D(10points)Directions:In this section,there is one passage followed by5questions.Read the pas原sage carefully,then answer the questions in as few words as possible(not more than10 words).Remember to write the answers on the Answer Sheet.Questions71-75are based on the following passage.Rare among American actors,Depp has made a name for himself effortlessly switching between mainstream Hollywood movies and more“out of the ordinary”projects.Talking about his choice of roles,he once said,“With any part you play,there is a certain amount of yourself in it.There has to be,otherwise it’s not acting.It’s lying.”Highlights of a richly diverse career include Edward Scissorhands,Sleepy Hollow and Pirates of the Caribbean.Depp dropped out of school at sixteen to concentrate on a career in music,playing the guitar(he played with more than twenty bands).However,his musical career failed to take off,and he found himself selling pens over the phone to pay the bills.His lucky break came when makeup artist Lori Allison,to whom he was briefly married,introduced him13--to Nicolas Cage.Although at first they did not like each other,they later became good friends and Cage persuaded him to try acting.Depp signed on with Cage’s agent,and made his feature film debut in Wes Craven’s horror film Nightmare on Elm Street,in which the character he played was eaten by his bed.After that he had his first screen lead-ing role in Private Resort.Depp went on to achieve teen idol status in the TV series21Jump Street,but after four seasons,he wanted out,with the hope of making the transition to the big screen.He starred in Cry-Baby,followed by Tim Burton’s Edward Scissorhands,after which he went on to win considerable critical acclaim in Ed Wood,a reunion with Burton.Depp made his feature directorial debut with The Brave in1997,a film he also co-wrote and starred in. Premiering at the Cannes Film Festival,the film also featured Marlon Brando,but earned mostly negative reviews,with most critics blaming its weak script.Sleepy Hollow teamed him with director Burton yet again,before he starred in Ted Demme’s Blow,and ap-peared in the thriller From Hell,about Jack the Ripper.Off screen,his good looks and“bad boy”image(he was once arrested for attackingintrusive paparazzi with a wooden plank)have earned him alot of media attention.He was voted one of the fifty mostbeautiful people in the world by People magazine in1996.Hehas also had his fair share of celebrity romances;when his en-gagement to Edward Scissorhands co-star Winona Ryderended,he had a tattoo(one of at least eight),which said“Winona Forever”,altered by laser to get rid ofthe last two letters of her name.His relation-ship with model Kate Moss also ended abruptlyin1998,when he started dating Frenchsinger-actress Vanessa Paradis.They are nowmarried and have two children,Lily-RoseMelody and Jack.More recent work has in-cluded Pirates of the Caribbean with Geoffrey14--Rush and Once Upon a Time in Mexico.Questions:Section E(10points)Directions:In this section,there is one passage followed by a summary.Read the pas原sage carefully and complete the summary below by choosing a maximum of three words from the passage to fill in the spaces76-80.Remember to write the answers on the An原swer Sheet.Questions76-80are based on the following passage.Lack of culture,or rather an excess of the wrong sort of culture,is often considered to be synonymous with disadvantage.Most commonly associated with low cultural standards are low levels of reading,and some thirteen per cent of all twenty-three-year-olds feel they have trouble with reading and writing.One way of compensating such disadvantaged young people is thought to be to provide them with the culture they lack:in particular, high quality reading material.Whereas forty to fifty per cent of young people aged sixteen to twenty rarely read a book,the majority appear to read comics.In1991sales of Viz,a UK comic,exceeded one million copies per issue,making it the fourth best-selling periodical in Britain.The read-ing of comics,however,is not restricted to young people:by1992it was estimated that two out of three men aged eighteen to fifty-three read Viz.The number of imitators this comic has spawned,including Zit,Gas,Brain Damage and Swiz,indicates the extent of the influence it wields.The reading of comics was traditionally regarded by the educational establishment15--with considerable suspicion.Whereas the received arts were always assumed to exert an improving or civilizing influence,comics were thought to“rot children’s brains”,to lower educational standards and to threaten morality.They were,and are,assumed to be an infe-rior cultural form,their readers assumed to come from the lower social classes,to be low educational attainers and to be easily led astray.Over the past decade,perceptions of comics have shifted.Since the1970s,the comic format has been commonly used to represent the interests of various disenfranchised groups-community groups,the unemployed,welfare recipients-who became more conscious of a climate conditioned by other contemporary movements such as civil rights,con-sumerism,self-help and de-institutionalization.As cultural signifiers,comics have become the subject matter of academic courses in cultural and media studies.Indeed,young peo-ple’s cultural activities,grounded in the commercial rather than the subsidized sector,are beginning to merit the attention of the arts establishment.Summary:Part V Cloze(10minutes,10points)Directions:There are10blanks in the e the words(phrases)given in the box to fill in the blanks,changing the form where e only one word(phrase)in each blank.There are two extra words(phrases)which you do not need to use.Remember towrite the answers on the Answer Sheet.16--Working out body,(81) you are football crazy or keen on tennis.The(82)that rock or pop music might ever play a part in sports training would have been regarded as a joke not so long ago.But today modern music is increasingly filling the gym as well as the front room.The idea of exercise to music is not new.For years,(83)in eastern Europe,the benefits of sportsmen and sportswomen having(84)in ballet and classical dance,with their stress on total body control and balance,have long been recognised.Figure-skating and ice-dance are usually performed to music and can be said to be specialised(85)of this type of exercise.But ballet and classical dance can be(86)other sports that are also pleasing to the eye,such as gymnastics and skiing,(87)of which demand high standards of balance,coordination and suppleness.In western Europe and North America,a far(88)interest has been shown in working out to classical music.Even sports which seem to demand muscular(89)more than any other physical requirement have taken up exercise to music as a valuable addition to their own specialised training schemes.Devotees of soccer,rugby,and rowing now regularly train to music;even those who take part in weightlifting,(90)demands enormous physical strength,and partici原pants in athletics field events,find that exercise to music is beneficial and makes their movements more fluid.Part VI Translation(15minutes,20points)Section A(10points)Directions:Translate the underlined sentences in the following passage into Chinese. Remember to write the answers on the Answer Sheet.17--(91)An active lifestyle and a healthy,fish-rich diet are not only good for your heart,they may also help tackle the memory loss associated with old age,two leading neuroscientists said.As people live longer,finding ways of halfing the decline in mental agility is becoming increasingly important,said Professor Ian Robertson,director of the Institute of Neuroscience at Trinity College Dublin.(92)“The biggest threat to being able to function well and properly is our brains,”he told journalists.“There is very strong evidence,particularly in the over-50s,that the degree to which you maintain your mental faculties depends on a handful of quite simple environmental factors,”he said.(93)Those who remained physically fit,avoided high stress levels and enjoyed a rich and varied social life are better equipped to stay alert as they age.Mental stimulation, learning new things and simply thinking young also help.A new survey compiled for the University of Kent and the charity Age Concern showed ageism was rife in Britain where people,on average,see youth as ending at49and old age beginning at65.But Robertson said such attitudes were not helpful given the number of80-year-olds who remain“sharp as pins”.(94)“If you start to think of yourself as old when you are60,which is no longer justified,you will behave old,”he said.Research conducted by his Trinity College colleague,Professor Marina Lynch, showed healthy eating was another key requirement for staying on the ball.(95)Lynch said new research showed fish oils may reduce the cell inflammation that triggers a decline in memory.Section B(10points)Directions:Translate the following sentences into English,using the words given in the brackets.Remember to write your answers on the Answer Sheet.96.这决不是解决人口问题的最好办法。
2007年6月英语四级考试真题及答案解析(标准完整版)2007年6月英语四级考试真题Part I Writing (30 minutes) Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the topic of W elcome to our club.Y ou should write at least 120 words following the outline given bellow:欢迎辞,欢迎加入俱乐部。
标题:Welcome to our club书写提纲:1. 表达你的欢迎;2. 对你们俱乐部作一个简要介绍。
注意:此部分试题在答题卡1上。
W elcome to our clubPart II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1.For questions 1-7, markY (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage;N (for NO) if statement contradicts the information given in the passage;NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage.For question 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.Protect Y our Privacy When Job-hunting OnlineIdentity theft and identity fraud are terms used to refer to alltypes of crime in which someone wrongfully obtains and uses another person’s personal data in some way that involves fraud or deception, typically for economic gain.The numbers associated with identity theft are beginning to add up fast these days. A recent General Accounting Office report estimates that as many as 750,000 Americans are victims of identity theft every year. And that number may be low, as many people choose not to report the crime even if they know they have been victimized.Identity theft is ―an absolute epidemic,‖ states Robert Ellis Smith, a respected author and advocate of privacy. ―It’s certainly picked up in the last four or five years. It’s worldwide. It affects everybod y, and ther e’s very little you can do to prevent it and, worst of all, you can’t detect it until it’s probably too late.‖Unlike your fingerprints, which are unique to you and cannot be given to someone else for their use, you personal data, especially your social security number, your bank account or credit card number, your telephone calling card number, and other valuable identifying data, can be used, if they fall into the wrong hands, to personally profit at your expense. In the United States and Canada, for example, many people have reported that unauthorized persons have taken funds out of their bank or financial accounts, or, in the worst cases, taken over their identities altogether, running up vast debts and committing crimes while using the victi ms’names. In many cases, a victim’s losses may included not only out-of-pocket financial losses, but substantial additional financial costs associated with trying to restore his reputation in the community and correcting erroneous information for which the criminal is responsible.According to the FBI, identity theft is the number one fraudcommitted on the Internet. So how do job seekers protect themselves while continuing to circulate their resumes online? The key to a successful online job search is learning to manager the risks. Here are some tips for staying safe while conducting a job search on the Internet.1. Check for a privacy policy.If you are considering posting your resume online, make sure the job search site your are considering has a privacy policy, like /doc/695335659.html. The policy should spell out how your information will be used, stored and whether or not it will be shared. Y ou may want to think twice about posting your resume on a site that automatically shares your information with others. Y ou could be opening yourself up to unwanted calls from solicitors (推销员).When reviewing the site’s privacy policy, you’ll be able to delete your resume just as easily as you posted it. Y ou won’t necessarily want your resume to remain out there on the Internet once you land a job. Remember, the longer your resume remains posted on a job board, the more exposure, both positive and not-so-positive, it will receive.2. Take advantage of site features.Lawful job search sites offer levels of privacy protection. Before posting your resume, carefully consider your job search objective and the level of risk you are willing to assume./doc/695335659.html, for example, offers three levels of privacy from which job seekers can choose. The first is standard posting. This option gives job seekers who post their resumes the most visibility to the broadest employer audience possible.The second is anonymous (匿名的) posting. This allows jobseekers the same visibility as those in the standard posting category without any of their contact information being displayed. Job seekers who wish to remain anonymous but want to share some other information may choose which pieces of contact information to display.The third is private posting. This option allows a job seeker to post a resume without having it searched by employers. Private posting allows job seekers to quickly and easily apply for jobs that appear on /doc/695335659.html without retyping their information.3. Safeguard your identity.Career experts say that one of the ways job seekers can stay safe while using the Internet to searchout jobs is to conceal their identities. Replace your name on your resume with a generic(泛指的) identifier, such as ―Intranet Developer Candidate,‖ or ―Experienced Marketing Representative.‖Y ou should also consider eliminating the name and location of your current employer. Depending on your title, it may not be all that difficult to determine who you are once the name of your company is provided. Use a general description of the company such as ―Major auto manufacturer,‖or ―International packaged goods supplier.‖If your job title is unique, consider using the generic equivalent instead of the exact title assigned by your employer.4. Establish and email address for your search.Another way to protect your privacy while seeking employment o nline is to open up an email account specifically for your online job search. This will safeguard your existing email box in the event someone you don’t know gets hold of your email address and shares it with others.Using an email address specifically for you job search also eliminates the possibility that you will receive unwelcome emails in your primary mailbox. When naming your new email address, be sure that it doesn’t contain references to your name or other information that will give away your identity. The best solution is an email address that is relevant to the job you are seeking such as salesmgr2004@/doc/695335659.html .5. Protect your reference.If your resume contains a section with the names and contact information of your references, take it out. There’s no sense in safeguarding your information while sharing private contact information of your references.6. Keep confidential (机密的) information confidential.Do not, under any circumstances, share your social security, driver’s license, and bank account numbers or other personal information, such as race or eye color. Honest employers do not need this information with an initial application. Don’t provide this even if they say they need it in order to conduct a background check. This is one of the oldest tricks in the book –don’t fall for it.注意:此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。
2007年6月23日大学英语六级(CET-6)真题试卷Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part,you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Should One Expect a Reward When Doing a Good Deed?You should write at least 150 wordsfollowing the outline given below。
1. 有人做好事期望得到回报;2. 有人认为应该像雷锋那样做好事不图回报;3. 我的观点。
Should One Expect a Reward When Doing a Good Deed?Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)(15 minutes)Directions:In this part,you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1。
For questions 1—4,markY (for YES)if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage;N(for NO)if statement contradicts the information given in the passage;NG(for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage。
For questions 5—10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage。
Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer sheet 1.For questions 1-7, markY (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage;N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage;NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage.For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.New Proposals on Youth EmploymentThe unemployment rate in Japan continues to hover at around the 5% level, but the number of unemployed youths is exceptionally high compared to other age groups. The fluid situation is gradually taking root in society, with an increasing number of youths making a living as “freeters” (as young job-hoppers are called in Japan) or leaving and changing jobs even after they find employment. This youth employment problem is essentially a product of many companies’ guarded stance (姿态) on employment and the narrowing of employment opportunities for those seeking to work as regular employees.To deal with the youth employment problem, the government and relevant institutions have already presented various proposals for specific policies, such as to strengthen policies that can turn economic recovery into a vigorous increase of labor demand; while expanding job openings for regular employees, also to promote equal treatment of non-regular employees and secure opportunities for them to become regular employees so that the working styles of non-regular employees are not disadvantaged; from the earliest stage as possible, systematically to provide job preparatory education with a long-range outlook on career development. Some of these policies are actually being implemented, but they are not necessarily producing adequate results. For this reason, the following three new measures should be considered in addition to other measures being deliberated.Reform of employment and recruitment practicesIt is important that high school graduates are given as many opportunities as possible to select an occupation. While completely abolishing the one-person-one-company system on one hand, on the other hand, employment and career guidance should begin when students enter high school so they are well able to select an occupation on their own judgment. Also, the year after graduation should be regarded as a period of joint follow-up by schools and employment agencies. Especially in regard to unemployed graduates and freeters, each party should assess the situation and support the employment of those young people.With respect to college students, internship opportunities, career counseling, and other guidance schemes should be implemented soon after they enter college to eventually enable them to make independent career decisions.Companies should give due consideration to the academic accomplishment of students when screening job applicants, as that is the primary function of students. Universities should draw upon France’s baccalaureate system, for example, and introduce a system of university graduation examination or college academic certification test.Finally, as a measure to expand employment opportunities, companies should amend their traditional practice of recruiting only prospective new graduates and open their doors to those who have already graduated.Enhancing career education and the role of industriesCareer education aiming to cultivate work values should be a consecutive (连续的) program provided over an ample amount of time beginning in the primary, junior high, and high school compulsory education stage.In addition to teaching students about the significance of working and about occupations in general, career education should also include a course on “work and daily living” as a comprehensive course aiming to prepare students to become working members of society. The course should deal with a broad range of topics relating to the work concept, such as rights and obligations stipulated in labor laws, as well as with the mechanics of the pension system and other social security institutions and with such immediate issues as the environment and energy. Such a course would help youths to select their own lifestyles, including how to achieve a good balance between work and private life.The industrial community should form organizations of companies (such as NPOs) to address career education from a cross-cutting perspective and actively engage in activities to support the development of human resources for the next generation. For example, they are expected to develop and provide educational programs based on their unique technology and know-how, send personnel to schools, and offer funds and equipment.In regional areas in Japan, activities to revitalize regional industries and promote new industries should be linked to model projects that incorporate regional characteristics and aim to foster and retain young people as future leaders of the region. For example, local governments could utilize the 500 or so young workers’ centers throughout Japan as the bases of such projects with the cooperation of regional businesses and schools.Proposal of a “career passport”The “career passport” would function as a record of one’s career and as a certification for the utilization of various support measures. It would be issued to all youths over the age of 18 and would be a passport to continuous support valid up to the age of 30 to 35.The passport would contain a record of job changes, part-time experiences, studies, certifications and self-development efforts, in addition to accomplishments achieved through participation in volunteer and NPO activities. In this respect, it wouldtake the form of an electronic card to allow the input and accumulation of information through a digital format that can be accessed by the individual whenever necessary.The passport would enable young workers to receive career counseling regularly or as necessary at job cafes that are being newly established or at the more than 500 young worker’s centers throughout Japan. They would also have the opportunity to check and evaluate their own careers, including part-time experiences, and effectively utilize various support programs for employment, capacity development and other areas necessary for developing their careers.In addition to the above, a vocational scholarship system should be created to provide financial support for educational courses and school expenses to all young people who have graduated school—including the unemployed, freeters, and displaced workers—so that they may voluntarily prepare themselves for a job or develop their working capacities.1. The youth frequent job changes result in many companies’ guarded stance on their employment.2. To offer different job opportunities to both youth regular and non-regular employees.3. Employment and career guidance should be part of high school curriculum.4. Companies should revise their policies to recruit both new and old graduates.5. The school course should deal with a broad range of topics relating to the work concept such as job hunting and hopping.6. There are about 500 youth centers in some local areas.7. The career passport contains part-time experiences, studies, certificate and self-development except job-hopping.8-10题请见答题卡18. College education should enable students to make ____________________.9. Companies should provide educational program and send personnel to schools and offer ____________________.10. In order to provide young people with financial support, we should create ________________ ________.Part III Listening Comprehension (35 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each section there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.注意:此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
2007年4月统考“大学英语A”正式试题试点高校网络教育部分公共基础课全国统一考试大学英语A试卷2007年4月注意事项一、将你的姓名、考号填写在答题卡的规定栏内,将考号和考试科目在规定的栏内用2B 铅笔涂满涂黑。
考试结束后,把试卷和答题卡放在桌上。
试卷和答题卡均不得带出考场。
二、仔细读懂题目的说明,并按题目要求答题。
答案一定要写在答题卡的指定位置上,写在试卷上的答案无效。
三、选择题用2B铅笔将选中项涂满涂黑,主观题用蓝、黑圆珠笔或钢笔答题,使用铅笔答题无效。
Information for the Examinees:This examination consists of THREE parts. They are:Part Ⅰ: Reading Comprehension (50 points, 60 minutes)Part Ⅱ: Vocabulary and Structure (30 point s, 30 minutes)Part Ⅲ: Writing (20 points, 30 minutes)The total score for this examination is 100. The time allowed for this examination is 2 hours (120 minutes).Part Ⅰ: Reading Comprehension (50 points)Section A Questions 1—5 are based on this section. (10 points)Directions:Read the following passage and choose the best answer from A, B, C and D. Blacken the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.Manhattan Island is the oldest and most important of the five boroughs that make up New York City. It is 21.7 kilometers long and 3.8 kilometers wide at its widest point. It contains New York’s tallest buildings as well as some of the largest schools and colleges, and the most famous financial and theater districts in the United States. It has skyscrapers and Central Park, the old and the new, the best and the worst. It is like no other big city. It is unique.To understand Manhattan, we must know something of its early history: its early days of Dutch colonists and English settlers; the waves of nineteenth-century European immigrants who arrived at its shores; the African-Americans who moved north after the Civil War; recent immigrants from China and other parts of Asia; and young people whogo to New York from all over America. It is a mix of ethnic groups and cultures, successes and failures, hopes and fears.The United States is a nation of immigrants and no other city displays this fact as well as New York City. From Chinatown and Little Italy to Harlem, New York is a place where communities take pride in retaining their ethnicity. Most immigrants went to America with very little money. They were the poor and unhappy in their own countries. America gave them hope and a new beginning. Millions of immigrants have prospered in America.On July 4, 1884, the people of France gave to the United States as a symbol of friendship, a statue sculptured by Frederic Auguste Bartholdi. This statue was placed on an island in New York Harbor. It is 46 meters high and is the first sight immigrants see as they come into New York City by ship. It is known as the Statue of Liberty. On the statue is a poem written by Emma Lazarus. This poem sums up the American tradition of accepting people from other countries. It follows:Give me your tired, your poor,Your huddled masses yearning to breathe free,The wretched refuse of your teeming shore.Send these, the homeless, tempest-tossed to me,I lift my lamp beside the golden door!1. What is the first landmark people on incoming ships see as they enter New York Harbor?A.Chinatown.B.Central Park.C.Harlem.D.The Statue of Liberty.2. Emma Lazarus’ poem says that America is a place _________________.A.where poor and unfortunate people are welcomeB.where there is liberty for people coming from other parts of the worldC.where there is garbage and litter on the shoreD.where there is a big light people can get together3. Manhattan is __________________.A.an island in the Pacific OceanB. a borough of New York CityC.often called Litter ItalyD.another name for City of New York4. Statue of Liberty is _______________.A. a gift from the people of FranceB. a huge statue in Central ParkC. a symbol of justiceD. a chapter in the Constitution of the United States5. New York City is ______________.A.the only big city with a ChinatownB.the largest city in the worldC.home to many ethnic groupsD.the richest city on earthSection B Questions 6—10 are based on this section. (10 points)Directions: Read the following passage and choose the best answer from A, B, C and D. Blacken the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.The camel is a slow-moving creature. But what it lacks in speed it gains in endurance. This veritable beast of burden can walk 30 miles a day carrying a load that weighs half a ton.The kangaroo, with its long, muscular hind legs, is a marvel of fitness. Weighing about 200 pounds, it can thrust its heavy body into the air and clear a fence nine feet high. While airborne, this leaping athlete uses its thick tail as both a counterbalance and a steering wheel.Never underestimate the strength of an insect. The tiny ant can move a burden 50 times its weight. And the brawny bee, when tied to a small load on wheels, is able to haul up to 300 times its own weight.The elephant is a monument to muscles. Its trunk alone, which can do everything from pulling out a tree to delicately picking up a pin, contains about 70 times the number of muscles in your body.One of the world’s longest leapers is the flea: it can jump 13 inches — about 350 times its own length. For a person six feet tall, this would be like jumping approximately 2,000 feet, or seven football fields. No one yet has leaped even as much as 30 feet.A seemingly inexhaustible jumper is the Oriental rat flea: it can jump 600 times an hour for three whole days without stopping.The fastest muscle movement ever recorded belongs to the mighty midge. This tiny, agile insect can beat its wings 133,000 times a minute, about 100 times faster than a human can blink an eye — which takes all of one twenty fifth of a second.By land, air or sea, birds are masters of motions. The ostrich outruns any animal on two legs, carrying its 300-pound body at 30 miles an hour. The flight of the Indian bird sometimes exceeds 100 mph. And the gentoo penguin, by at least one account, can swim 22mph. At this speed, the penguin keeps pace with one of the fastest-swimming marine mammals, the dolphin.6. It can be learned from the passage that ______.A.the camel cannot cover 30 miles a day with a heavy loadB.the kangaroo cannot jump high with its heavy bodyC.the elephant’s trunk is both flexible and mightyD.the brawny bee has incredible strength when it is fastened to a tree7. Which of the following figures is NOT correct?A.The weight of a normal kangaroo is about 200 pounds.B.The flea is the world’s greatest high jumper.C.No one can jump 30 feet so far.D.The oriental rat flea can jump for three days nonstop.8. The fastest muscle movement champion belongs to a kind of ______.A.marine mammalB.huge-tailed animalC.mighty beastD.small insect9. It can be inferred from the passage that ______.A.an animal’s size decides its physical powerB.human beings can hardly jump as high as fleasC.ostrich is kind of birdD.the penguin swims faster than the dolphin10. It seems that the author of this passage intends to ______.pare animals with human athletesB.introduce some gifted animal athletesC.show the underestimated strength of some animalsD.demonstrate the law of “survival of the fittest”Section C Questions 11—15 are based on this section. (10 points)Directions: Read the following passage and choose the best answer from A, B, C and D. Blacken the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.Early in the development of agriculture, men discovered how to make alcoholic drinks from grapes and corn. The ancient Egyptians drank both wine and beer, and the Greeks carried on a lively trade in wine throughout the Mediterranean. The vines of grapes are all of a single species, Vitis vinifera, although there are hundreds of varieties adapted to different soils and climates.Wine is the fermented juice of fresh grapes. The juice of the wine grape contains sugar, and the yeast converts the sugar to alcohol, when there is no air present, by process called fermentation. Red wine is made from dark grapes, and white wine from whitegrapes or from dark grapes whose skins have been removed from the wine press at an early stage.The most famous wine-growing countries are France, Germany and Italy. Wine was made in England in the Middle Ages, but the climate is not really suitable for grapevines. Wines must be drunk quickly once they are opened, otherwise bacteria will use the air to convert the alcohol to vinegar. The bacteria are killed by a higher alcohol content than is found in wine and that is why sherry and port, the specialties of Spain and Portugal, are fortified by the addition of spirits to make them last longer.Beer is made from sprouting barley grains (malt), which is fermented with yeast to produce alcohol; hops are added for flavour. Ale, the most common drink in England in the Middle Ages, was also made from barley, but without hops; the ale of today is merely a type of beer. In Japan, beer is made from rice.Spirits have a higher alcoholic content than beer and wine and are made by distillation from a base of grain or some other vegetable. Gin and Vodka can be distilled from a variety of ingredients, including potatoes; gin is flavoured with juniper berries. Scotch whisky is obtained from a base of fermented barley, and brandy from the distillation of wine. Rum is derived from sugar cane by fermentation of molasses, a by-product in refining sugar. Cider is made from apples. South American Indians make alcoholic drinks from cactus leaves and the shoots of certain palm trees.11. The earliest alcoholic drinks were made from ______.A.rice and potatoesB.grapes and cornC.grains and barleyD.apples and berries12. The colour of the red wine comes mainly from ______.A.the juice of wine grapesB.the juice of red grapesC.the skin of wine grapesD.the skin of dark-coloured grapes13. “Fermentation” in the second paragraph refers to ______.A. a container to keep air from entering the wineB. a kind of yeast to change sugar into alcoholC. a method to produce wine through chemical reactionsD. a machine to obtain juice from grapes14. The purpose of using hops is to ______.A.convert barley grains into alcoholB.make English beer better than Japanese beerC.to make ale a popular drink in ancient EnglandD.give beer a special taste15. Which of the following description is true according to the passage?A.Brandy is a kind of soft drink.B.Gin is distilled from juniper berries.C.Whisky is made of potatoes.D.Cider is converted from apples.Section D Questions 16—20 are based on this section. (10 points)Directions: Read the following passage and choose the best answer from A, B, C and D. Blacken the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.One dictionary broa dly defines the word “crisis” as “a crucial turning point in the progress of an affair or of a series of events, as in politics, business, a story, or play …” This paper will attempt to define a much narrower but extremely significant aspect of crisis: personal crisis.Sometimes our more or less steady progress through life comes to a jolting halt. Something unexpected, shocking, frightening, threatening, and disastrous happens — a crisis. Such a development can disturb relationships, interfere with work efficiency, and cause confusion, disorganization, and serious emotional upheaval. Solutions that have worked for us in solving past problems no longer prove adequate. As anxiety increases, our powers to cope with it correspondingly decrease. The crisis quickly leads to frustration; we feel helpless either to escape from the problem or to resolve it successfully.Many people think of crisis as being connected only with unhappy or unpleasant events. This is not the case. Crisis can occur as a result of any change, even on what is generally welcomed: marriage, birth of a child, graduation from school or college, or election to public office.Crises are generally of two types. First, there are the expected, maturational crises we experience at times of life development and change. Examples of this include a child’s first enrollement in school or his transfer at a later age to a new school. These events may precipitate a crisis — both for the younger and his parents. Another time when crisis can be expected is during adolescence.The second type of crisis is the unexpected, accidental kind. This can stem from many sources becoming involved in a legal suit, having an automobile crash, being fired from a job, losing a large sum of money, or falling suddenly ill. Severe illness will create a crisis not only for the individual concerned but also for his family. And an illness may itself be caused by an emotional crisis, such as the death of a spouse, offspring, or other family members.In a recent attitude survey, researchers gathered information to determine which crisis situations in life were most likely to precede illness. The study showed that the three most stressful life events were death of a spouse, divorce, and marital separation. Other events that fell toward the top of the crisis scale were a jail term, death of a close family member, personal injury or illness, marriage, losing one’s job, marital reconciliation, retirement, change in the health of a family member, pregnancy, sex difficulties, gain of a new family member, business readjustment, and the change in financial state.16. In this passage, the author mainly intends to ______.A.give a more accurate definition to the word “crisis”B.illustrate one important aspect of “crisis”C.divide “crisis” into three different categoriesD.explain the meaning of “crisis” in general17. Which of the following statements is true according to the text?A.In crisis, one’s general solutions can hardly yield the usual results.B.People may become more powerful as their anxiety increases.C.Crisis has little to do with people’s work efficiency.D.Frustration usually results in crisis.18. In the author’s opinion, ______.A.crisis usually befalls people unexpectedB.the crisis caused by being elected to public office belongs to the second typeC.crisis is seldom experienced by childrenD.illness may be either the result or the cause of crisis19. According to the writer, which of the following is NOT true?A.Adolescence is a period when crisis is quite likely to occur.B.Lots of people do not associate graduation from college with crisis.C.Crisis is not necessarily the result of unpleasant events.D.Marital reconciliation is found to be the number one stressful problem.20. The word “broadly” in the first paragraph of the passage is similar in meaning to ______.A.generallyB.criticallyC.extremelyD.narrowlySection E Questions 21—25 are based on this section. (10 points)Directions:In this section, there is one passage followed by a total of five pieces of information marked 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 in Column A. Match them with their correspondentparts marked A, B, C, D and E in Column B. Skim or scan the text as required and then blacken your answers on your answer sheet.Royal Oak, Michigan, U.S.A, is a city with a population of about 75,000 people. Most of the people live in detached single family homes, bungalows, two-story houses, and ranch (one floor with basement) houses. The city is about 50 square kilometers in size.There are 12 primary schools, four middle schools, and four high schools in Royal Oak. There is also a community college there where many people learn job skills such as how to use a computer. Since life-long learning is a reality in America, the community college has many classes for people who want to learn skills that may make their lives more enjoyable such as pottery making, water color painting, music appreciation and foreign language training.Royal Oak is known throughout the region as a city with good restaurants. There are many types of restaurants in Royal Oak and there are many cuisines represented there. There is a large Chinese restaurant that is owned by a Chinese-American family. There are three new Italian restaurants and they are very popular. Greek, Thai and French restaurants are usually crowded. One restaurant that is always very crowded is the Lebanese restaurant. There is a huge Arab population in Michigan and many of the Arabs have built many new restaurants that serve authentic Middle East food. There are many American restaurants. One serves food from the southern states, one is a seafood restaurant, others serve vegetarian food, and others serve what most of the world thinks Americans eat all the time: hamburgers and steaks.There are 20 churches in Royal Oak. Most of the people there consider themselves Christians. There are three Catholic Churches and many Protestant churches. One of these churches, the Shrine of the Little Flower, was built with money that was given to the church because of the church’s radio program. This was a very controversial program because the priest was supporting the policies of Hitler and Mussolini before World War II. Nevertheless, Shrine of the Little Flower is one of the most beautiful churches in America and has a large membership.The largest building in Royal Oak is William Beaumont Hospital. It is one of the largest and most famous hospitals in America. People go to Beaumont from all over the world to be cured of their illnesses. The medical treatment tends to be traditional western medicine. It is a teaching hospital where young doctors are trained after their eight years at the university.A B21. Royal Oak A. a hospital where many medical studentsare trained22. Beaumont B. a home on one floor with a basementC. a small city in Michigan23. Shrine of the LittleFlower24. ranch house D. food25. cuisines E. a churchPart Ⅱ: Vocabulary and Structure (30 points)Section A Questions 26—35 are based on this section. (15 points)Directions: Read the following sentences and choose the best answer from A, B, C and D. Blacken the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.26. They turned a ______ ear to my request for help.A.deadB. blindC. deafD. mute27. _______ his sister, Jack is quiet and does not easily make friends with others.A. DislikeB. UnlikeC. AlikeD. Liking28. The key ______ success is hard work and persistence.A.onB. forC. toD. of29. Water, when boiled, always ______ steam.A.gives inB. gives outC. gives upD. gives off30. This kind of work is unfamiliar ______ me.A.withB. byC. toD. of31. It is strange that such a thing ______ in your school.A. will happenB. would happenC. should happenD. shall happen32. ______ his cold, he came first in the athletics meet.A. RegardlessB. In spiteC. In spite ofD. Despite of33. Written in great haste, ______.A.there are plenty of mistakes in the reportB.there are plenty of errors in the reportC.we found a great deal of mistakes in the letterD.the book is full of errors34. It’s no use ______ to persuade him to give up his plan.A.in tryingB. tryingC. to tryD. try35. The new secretary is really incompetent. The memo ______ hours ago.A. should finishB. must be finishedC. must have finishedD. should have been finishedSection B Questions 36—45 are based on this section. (15 points)Directions: Read the following passage and fill in each blank by choosing the best answer from A, B, C and D.Blacken the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.The Indians rise as soon as it is light. The children run down to the river to swim, and the women go to the creek 36 fresh water. Soon maize soup is being prepared for breakfast. Before noon, they will eat again, usually fish, meat and bananas, the fruit on the “chontadure” palm and a drink of “chicha”. When the sun has 37 over the river, some of the younger women go with their children by canoe to their forest plantation to collect maize, bananas and wild fruits. The older women stay in the house making pots which 38 for drinking water and for “chicha”.Later, they have to prepare the evening meal and look 39 the children. The women do most of the daily work and each new day involves much the same 40 . The men, who may have been hunting during the night, pass the day repairing nets, replacing an arrow 41 while hunting, fishing with hook and line or “atarraya” net.In January after the rains, 42 men and women go to the forest plantation to sow maize. Later, in August and September, they sow a second crop. Four months after each sowing, the maize is ready for 43 by the women. At nightfall, the family congregates once again, and after the babies are 44 in their hammocks, they discuss the day’s events. A man picks up a flute and starts playing. Soon, sleeping mats are spread out on the platforms and the house 45silent.36. A. to bring B. bringing C. to find D. taking37. A. risen B. to rise C. raised D. been raising38. A. used B. is used C. can D. may be used39. A. at B. for C. after D. into40. A. evening meal B. routine C. “chicha” D. circle41. A. taken B. found C. lost D. saved42. A. plenty B. both C. no D. every43. A. eating B. dinner C. harvesting D. year44. A. sleep B. asleep C. sleepy D. slept45. A. falls B. fells C. fills D. feelsPart Ⅲ: Writing (20 points)Shopping is an important part of people’s life. Write an essay of about 150 words on “Shopping”, making reference to the following points:1. 列举出人们购物的主要场所;2. 描述你所喜欢(或不喜欢)的购物场所,并解释原因。
2007年12月四级考试真题Part ⅠWriting (30 minutes)注意:此部分试题在答题卡1上。
Part ⅡRading comprehension (Skimming and scanning) (15minutes)Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passsage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the fourchoices marked A), B),C) and D). For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with theinformation given in the passage.Univeraities Branch OutAs never before in their long story, universities have become instruments of national competition as well as instruments of peace. They are the place of the scientific discoveries that move economies forward, and the primary means of educating the talent required to obtain and maintain competitive advantages. But at the same time, the opening of national borders to the flow of goods, services, information and especially people has made universities a powerful force for global integration, mutual understanding and geopolitical stability.In response to the same forces that have driven the world economy, universities have become More self-consciousy global: seeking students from around the world who represent the entire range of cultures and values, sending their own students abroad to prepare them for global careers, offering courses of study that address the challenges of an interconnected world and collaborative (合作的)research programs to advance science for the benefit of all humanity.Of the forces shaping higher education none is more sweeping than the movement across borders. Over the past three decades the number of students leaving home each year to study abroad has grown at an annual rate of 3.0 percent, from 8000,000 in 1975 to 2.5 million in 2994. Most travel from one developed nation to another, but the flow from developing to developed countries id growing rapidly. The reverse flow, from developed to developing countries, is on the rise, too. Today foreign students earn 30 percent of the doctoral degrees awarded in the United States and 38 percent of those in the United Kingdom. And the number crossing borders for undergraduate study is growing as well, to 8 percent of the undergraduates at America’s best institutions and 10percent of all undergraduates in the U.K. In the United States, 20 percent of the newly hired professors in science and engineering are foreign-born, and in China many newly hired faculty hired faculty members at the top research universities received their graduate education abroad.Universities are also encouraging students to spend some of their undergraduate years in another country. In Europe, more than 140,000 students participate in the Erasmus program each year, taking courses for credit in one of 2, 2000 participating institutions across the continent. And in the United States, institutions are helping place students in summer internships(实习)abroad to prepare them for global careers. Yale and Harvard have led the way, offering every undergraduate at least one international study or internship opportunity and providing the financial resources to make it possible.Globalization is also reshaping the way research is done. One new trend involves sourcing portions of a research program to another country. Yale professor and Howard Hughes Medical Shanghai’s Fudan University, in collaboration with faculty colleagues from both schools. The Shanghai center has 95 employees and graduate students working in a 4,300-square-meter laboratory seminars with scientists from both campuses. The arrangement benefits both countries; Xu’s Yale lab is more productive, thanks to the lower costs of conducing from a word-class scientist and his U.S. team.As a result of its strength in science, the United States has consistently led of the world in the world in the commercialization of major new technologies, from the mainframe computer and integrated circuit of the 1960s to the internet infrastructure(基础设施)and applications software of the 1990s.The link between university-based science and industrial application is often indirect but sometimes highly visible: Silicon Valley was intentionally created by Stanford University, and Route 128 outside Boston has long housed companies spun off from MIT and Harvard. Around the world ,governments have encouraged copying of his model, perhaps most successfully in Cambridge, England, where Microsoft and scores of other leading software and biotechnology companies have set up shop around the university.For all its success, the United States remains deeply hesitant about sustaining the research university model. Most politician recognize the link between investment in science and national Economic strength, but support for research funding has been unsteady. The budget of the National Institutes of Health doubled between 1998 and 2003,but has risen more slowly thaninflations since then. Support for the physical sciences and engineering barely kept pace with inflation during that same period. The attempt to make up lost ground is welcome, but the nation would be better served by steady, predictable increases in science funding at the rate of long-term GDP growth, which is on the order of inflation plus 3 percent per year.American politicians have great difficulty recognizing that admitting more foreign students can greatly promote the national interest by increasing international understanding. Adjusted for inflation, public funding for international exchanges and foreign-language study is well below the levels of 40 years ago. In the wake of September 11,changes in the visa process caused a dramatic decline in the number of foreign students seeking admission to U.S. Universities, and a corresponding surge in enrollments in Australia, Singapore and the U .K. Objections from Americans university and business leaders led to improvements in the process and a reversal of the decline ,but the United States is still seen by many as unwelcoming to international students.Most Americans recognize that universities contribute to the nation’s well-being through their scientific research, but many fear that foreign students threaten American competitiveness by taking their knowledge and skills back home. They fail to grasp that welcoming foreign students and like immigrants throughout history-strength the nation; and second, foreign students who study in the United States become ambassadors for many of its most cherished(珍视) values when they return home. Or at least they understand them better. In America as elsewhere, few Instruments of foreign policy are as effective in promoting peace and stability as welcoming international university students.注意:此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。
2007年12月六级真题试题及答案2007年12月大学英语六级考试真题Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Digital Age.You should write at least 150 words following the outline given below.1. 如今数字化产品得到越来越广泛的使用,并举例2. 数字化产品的使用对人工作,学习,生活产生的影响Digital Age________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ____________ Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) Directions:In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1.For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D].For questions 8 -10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.Seven Ways to Save the WorldForget the old idea that conserving energy is a form of self-denial —riding bicycles, dimming the lights, and taking fewer showers. These days conservation is all about efficiency: getting the same — or better — results from just a fraction of the energy. When a slump in business travel forced Ulrich Rǒmer to cut cost costs at his family-owned hotel in Germany, he replacedhundreds of the hotel’s wasteful light bulbs, getting the same light for 80 percent less power. He bought a new water boiler with a digitally controlled pump, and wrapped insulation around the pipes. Spending about € 100,000 on these and other improvements, he slashed his € 90,000 fuel and power bill by € 60,000. As a bonus, the hotel’s lower energy needs have reduced its annual carbon emissions by more than 200 metric tons. “For us, saving energy has been very, very profitable,” he says. “And most importantly, we’re not giving up a single comfort for our guests.”Efficiency is also a great way to lower carbon emissions and help slow global warming. But the best argument for efficiency is its cost —or, more precisely, its profitability. That’s because quickly growing energy demand requires immense investment in new supply, not to mention the drain of rising energy prices.No wonder efficiency has moved to the top of the political agenda. On Jan. 10, the European Union unveiled a plan to cut energy use across the continent by 20 percent by 2020. Last March, China imposed a 20 percent increase in energy efficiency by 2020. Even George W. Bush, the Texas oilman, is expected to talk about energy conversation in his State of the Union speech this week.The good news is that the world is full of proven, cheap ways to save energy. Here are the seven that could have the biggest impact:InsulateSpace heating and cooling eats up 36 percent of all the world’s energy. There’s virtually no limit to how much of that can be saved, as prototype “zero-energy homes” in Switzerland and Germany have shown. There’s been a surge innew ways of keeping heat in and cold out (or vice versa). The most advanced insulation follows the law of increasing returns: if you add enough, you can scale down or even eliminate heating and air-conditioning equipment, lowering costs even before you start saving on utility bills. Studies have shown that green workplaces (ones that don’t constantly need to have the heat or air-conditioner running) have higher worker productivity and lower sick rates.Change BulbsLighting eats up 20 percent of the world’s electricity, or the equivalent of roughly 600,000 tons of coal a day. Forty percent of that powers old-fashioned incandescent light bulbs —a 19th-century technology that wastes most of the power it consumes on unwanted heat.Compact fluorescent lamps, or CFLs, not only use 75 to 80 percent less electricity than incandescent bulbs to generate the same amount of light, but they also last 10 times longer. Phasing old bulbs out by 2030 would save the output of 650 power plants and avoid the release of 700 million tons of carbon into the atmosphere each year. Comfort ZoneWater boilers, space heaters and air conditioners have been notoriously inefficient. The heat pump has altered that equation. It removes heat from the air outside or the ground below and uses it to supply heat to a building or its water supply. In the summer, the system can be reversed to cool building as well.Most new residential buildings in Sweden are already heated with ground-source heat pumps. Such systems consume almost no conventional fuel at all. Several countries have used subsidies to jump-start the market, including Japan, where almost 1 million heat pumps have been installed in the past two years to heatwater for showers and hot tubs.Remake FactoriesFrom steel mills to paper factories, industry eats up about a th ird of the world’s energy. The opport unities to save are vast. In Ludwigshafen, German chemicals giant BASF runs an interconnected complex of more than 200 chemical factories, where heat produced by one chemical process is used to power the next. At the Ludwigshafen site alone, such recycling of heat and energy saves the company € 200 million a year and almost half its CO2 emissions. Now BASF is doing the same for new plants in China. “Optimizing(优化) energy efficiency is a decisive competitive advantage, ”says BASF CEO Jǔrgen Hambrecht.Green DrivingA quarter of the world’s energy —including two thirds of the annual production of oil —is used for transportation. Some savings come free of charge: you can boost fuel efficiency by 6 percent simply by keeping your car’s tires properly inflated (充气). Gasoline-electric hybrid (混合型) models like the Toyota Prius improve mileage by a further 20 percent over conventional models.A Better FridgeMore than half of all residential power goes into running household appliances,producing a fifth of the wor ld’s carbon emissions. And that’s true even though manufacturers have already hiked the efficiency of refrigerators and other white goods by as much as 70 percent since the 1980s. According to an International Energy Agency study, if consumers chose those models that would save them the most money over the life of the appliance, they’d cut global residential power consumption and their utility bills by 43 percent.Flexible PaymentWho says you have to pay for all your conservation investment?“Energy service contractors” will pay for retrofitting (翻折改造) in return for a share of the client’s annual utility-bill savings. In Beijing, Shenwu Thermal Energy Technology Co. specializes in retrofitting China’s steel furnaces. Shenw u puts up the initial investment to install a heat exchanger that preheats the air going into the furnace,slashing the client’s fuel costs . Shenwu pockets a cut of those savings, so both Shenwu and the client profit.If saving energy is so easy and profit able, why isn’t everyone doing it? It has to do with psychology and a lack of information. Most of us tend to look at today’s price tag more than tomorrow’s potential savings. That holds double for the landl ord or developer, who won’t actually see a penny of the savings his investment in better insulation or a better heating system might generate. In many people’s minds, conservation is still associated with self-denial. Many environmentalists still push that view.Smart governments can help push the market in the right direction. The EU’s 1994 law on labeling was such a success that it extended the same idea to entire buildings last year. To boost the market value of efficiency, all new buildings are required to have an “energy pass” detailing power and he ating consumption. Countries likeJapan and Germany have successively tightened building codes, requiring an increase in insulation levels but leaving it up to builders to decide how to meet them.The most powerful incentives, of course, will come from the market itself. Over the past year, sky-high fuel prices havefocused minds on efficiency like never before. Ever-increasing pressure to cut costs has finally forced more companies to do some math on their energy use.Will it be enough? With global demand and emissions rising so fast, we may not have any choice but to try. Efficient technology is here now, proven and cheap. Compared with all other options, it’s the biggest, easiest and most profitable bang for the buck.1. What is said to be the best way to conserve energy nowadays?[A] Raising efficiently. [B] Cutting unnecessary costs.[C] Finding alternative resources [D] Sacrificing some personal comforts.2. What does the European Union plan to do?[A] Diversify energy supply. [B] Cut energy consumption.[C] Reduce carbon emissions. [D] Raise production efficiency.3. If you add enough insulation to your house, you may be able to _______.[A] improve your work environment [B] cut your utility bills by half.[C] get rid of air-conditioners [D] enjoy much better health4. How much of the power consumed by incandescent bulbs is converted into light?[A] A small portion. [B] Some 40 percent[C] Almost half. [D] 75 to 80 percent.5. Some countries have tired to jump-start the market of heat pumps by_________.[A] upgrading the equipment [B] encouraging investments[C] implementing high-tech [D] providing subsidies6. German chemicals giant BASF saves € 200 million a yearby_________.[A] recycling heat and energy [B] setting up factories in China[C] using the newest technology [D] reducing the CO2 emissions of its plants7. Global residential power consumption can be cut by 43 percent if________.[A] we increase the insulation of walls and water pipes[B] we choose simpler models of electrical appliances[C] we cut down on the use of refrigerators and other white goods[D] we choose the most efficient models of refrigerators and other white goods8. Energy service contractors profit by taking a part of clients’__________.9. Many environmentalists maintain the view that conservation has much to do with___________.10. The strongest incentive energy conservation will drive from_____________.Part III Listening Comprehension (35 minutes)Section ADirections:In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D], and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.11. [A] Proceed in his own way. [B] Stick to the original plan.[C] Compromise with his colleague. [D] Try to change hiscolleague’s mind.12. [A] Many has a keen eye for style.[B] Nancy regrets buying the dress.[C] Nancy and Mary went shopping together in Rome.[D] Nancy and Mary like to follow the latest fashion.13. [A] Wash the dishes. [B] Go to the theatre.[C] Pick up George and Martha. [D] Take her daughter to hospital.14. [A] She enjoys making up stories about other people.[B] She can never keep anything to herself for long.[C] She is eager to share news with the woman.[D] She is the best informed woman in town.15. [A] A car dealer. [B] A mechanic.[C] A driving examiner. [D] A technical consultant.16. [A] The shopping mall has been deserted recently.[B] Shoppers can only find good stores in the mall.[C] Lots of people moved out of the downtown area.[D] There isn’t much business downtown nowadays.17. [A] He will help the woman with her reading.[B] The lounge is not a place for him to study in.[C] He feels sleepy whenever he tries to study.[D] A cozy place is rather hard to find on campus.18. [A] T o protect her from getting scratches.[B] To help relieve her of the pain.[C] To prevent mosquito bites.[D] To avoid getting sun burnt.Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.19. [A] In a studio. [B] In a clothing store.[C] At a beach resort. [D] At a fashion show.20. [A] T o live there permanently.[B] To stay there for half a year.[C] To find a better job to support herself.[D] To sell leather goods for a British company.21. [A] Designing fashion items for several companies.[B] Modeling for a world-famous Italian company.[C] Working as an employee for Ferragamo.[D] Serving as a sales agent for Burberrys.22. [A] It has seen a steady decline in its profits.[B] It has become much more competitive.[C] It has lost many customers to foreign companies.[D] It has attracted a lot more designers from abroad.Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.23. [A] It helps her to attract more public attention.[B] It improves her chance of getting promoted.[C] It strengthens her relationship with students.[D] It enables her to understand people better.24. [A] Passively. [B] Positively. [C] Skeptically. [D] Sensitively.25. [A] It keeps haunting her day and night.[B] Her teaching was somewhat affected by it.[C] It vanishes the moment she steps into her role.[D] Her mind goes blank once she gets on the stage.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 26 to 29 are based on the passage you have just heard.26. [A] To win over the majority of passengers from airlines in twenty years.[B] To reform railroad management in western European countries.[C] To electrify the railway lines between major European cities.[D] To set up an express train network throughout Europe.27. [A] Major European airlines will go bankrupt.[B] Europeans will pay much less for traveling.[C] Traveling time by train between major European cities will be cut by half.[D] Trains will become the safest and most efficient means of travel in Europe.28. [A] Train travel will prove much more comfortable than air travel.[B] Passengers will feel much safer on board a train than on a plane.[C] Rail transport will be environmentally friendlier than air transport.[D] Traveling by train may be as quick as, or even quicker than, by air.29. [A] In 1981. [B] In 1989.[C] In 1990. [D] In 2000.Passage TwoQuestions 30 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard.30.[A] There can be no speedy recovery for mental patients.[B] Approaches to healing patients are essentially the same.[C] The mind and body should be taken as an integral whole.[D] There is no clear division of labor in the medical profession.31.[A] A doctor’s fame strengthens the patients’ faith in them.[B] Abuse of medicines is widespread in many urban hospitals.[C] One third of the patients depend on harmless substances for cure.[D] A patient’s expectations of a drug have an effect on their recovery.32. [A] Expensive drugs may not prove the most effective.[B] The workings of the mind may help patients recover.[C] Doctors often exaggerate the effect of their remedies.[D] Most illnesses can be cured without medication.Passage ThreeQuestions 33 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.33. [A] Enjoying strong feelings and emotions.[B] Defying all dangers when they have to.[C] Being fond of making sensational news.[D] Dreaming of becoming famous one day.34. [A] Working in an emergency room. [B] Listening to rock music.[C] Watching horror movies. [D] Doing daily routines.35. [A] A rock climber. [B] A psychologist.[C] A resident doctor. [D] A career consultant.Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear a passage three times.When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in your own words. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.If you’re like most people, you’ve indulged in fake listening many times. You go to history class, sit in the third row, and look (36) ________ at the instructor as she speaks. But your mind is far away, (37)_________ in the clouds of pleasant daydreams. (38)__________ you come back to earth: The instructor writes an important term on the chalkboard, and you (39)___________ copy it in you notebook. Every once in a while the instructor makes a (40)_________ remark, causing others in the class to laugh. You smile politely, pretending that you’ve heard the remark and found it mildly (41)__________. You have a vague sense of (42)________ that you aren’t paying close attention. But you tell yourself that any (43) __________ you miss can be picked up from a friend’s notes. Besides, (44)____________________.So back you go into your private little world, only later do you realize you’ve missed important information for a test.Fake listening may be easily exposed, since many speakers are sensitive to facial cues and can tell if you’re merely pretending to listen. (45)___________________.Even if you are not exposed there’s another reason to avoid fakery. It’s easy for this behavior to become a habit. For some people, the habit is so deeply rooted that(46)__________________________. As a result, they miss lots of valuable information.Part IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth)(25 minutes)Section ADirections:In this section, there is a short passage with 5 questions or incomplete statements. Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words. Please write your answers on Answer sheet 2.Questions 47 to 51 are based on the following passage.Men, these days, are embracing fatherhood with the round-the-clock involvement their partners have always dreamed of —handling night feedings, packing lunches and bandaging knees. But unlike women, many find they’re negotiating their new roles with little s upport or information. “Men in my generation (aged 25-40) have a fear of becoming dads because we have no role models,” says Jon Smith, a writer. They often find themselves excluded from mothers’ support networks, and are eyed warily (警觉地) on the playground.The challenge is particularly evident in the work-place. There, men are still expected to be breadwinners climbing the corporate ladder: traditionally-minded bosses are often unsympathetic to family needs. In Denmark most new fathers only take two weeks of paternity leave (父亲的陪产假) — even though they are allowed 34 days. As much as if not more so than women, fathers struggle to be taken seriously when they request flexible arrangements.Though Wilfried-Fritz Maring, 54, a data-bank and Internet specialist with German firm FIZ Karlsruhe, feels that the time he spends with his daughter outweighs any disadvantages, he admits, “With my decision to work from home I dismissed anyopportunity for promotion.”Mind-sets (思维定势) are changing gradually. When Maring had a daughter, the company equipped him witha home office and allowed him to choose a job that could be performed from there. Danish telecom company TDC initiated an internal campaign last year to encourage dads to take paternity leave: 97 percent now do. “When an employee goes on paternity leave and is with his kids, he gets a new kind of training: in how to keep cool under stress.”says spokesperson Christine Elberg Holm. For a new generation of dads, kids may come before the company -but it’s a shift tha t benefits both.47. Unlike women, men often get little support or information from .48. Besides supporting the family, men were also expected to .49. Like women, men hope that their desire for a flexible schedule will be .50. When Maring was on paternity leave, he was allowed by his company to work .51. Christine Holm believes paternity leave provides a new kind of training for men in that it can help them cope with .Section BDirections:There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 52 to 56 are based on the following passage.Like most people, I’ve long understood that I will be judged by my occupation, that my profession is a gauge people use to see how smart or talented I am. Recently, however, I was disappointed to see t hat it also decides how I’m treated as a person.Last year I left a professional position as a small-town reporter and took a job waiting tables. As someone paid to serve food to people. I had customers say and do things to me I suspect they’d never say or do to their most casual acquaintances. One night a man talking on his cell phone waved me away, then beckoned (示意) me back with his finger minute later, complaining he was ready to order a nd asking where I’d been.I had waited tables during summers in college and was treated like a peon (勤杂工) plenty of people. But at19 years old, I believed I deserved inferior treatment from professional adults. Besides, people responded to me differently after I told them I was in college. Customers would joke that one day I’d be sitting at their table, waiting to be served.Once I graduated I took a job at a community newspaper. From my first day, I heard a respectful tone from everyone who called me. I assumed this was the way the professional world worked — cordially.I soon found out differently. I sat several feet away from an advertising sales representative with a similar name. Our calls would often get mixed up and someone asking for Kristen would be transferred to Christie. The mistake was immediately evident. Perhaps it was because money was involved, but people used a tone with Kristen that they never used with me.My job title made people treat me with courtesy. So it was ashock to return to the restaurant industry.It’s no secret that there’s a lot to put up with when waiting tables, and fortunately, much of it can be easily forgotten when you pocket the tips. The service industry, by definition, exists to cater to others’ needs. Still, it seeme d that many of my customers didn’t get the difference between ser ver and servant.I’m now applying to graduated school, which means someday I’ll return to a profession where people need to be nice to me in order to get what they want, I think I’ll take the m to dinner first, and see how they treat someone whose only job is to serve them.52. The author was disappointed to find that _______.[A] one’s position is used as a gauge to measure one’s intelligence[B] talented people like her should fail to get a respectable job[C] one’s occupation affects the way one is treat ed as a person[D] professionals tend to look down upon manual workers53. What does the author intend to say by the example in the second paragraph?[A] Some customers simply show no respect to those who serve them.[B] People absorbed in a phone conversation tend to be absent-minded.[C] Waitresses are often treated by customers as casual acquaintances.[D] Some customers like to make loud complaints for no reason at all.54. How did the author feel when waiting tables at the ageof 19?[A] She felt it unfair to be treated as a mere servant by professional.[B] She felt badly hurt when her customers regarded her as a peon.[C] She was embarrassed each time her customers joked with her.[D] She found it natural for professionals to treat her as inferior.55. What does the author imply by saying “…many of my customers didn’t get the difference betweenserver and servant”(Lines 3-4, Para.7)?[A] Those who cater to others’ needs are destined to be looked down upon.[B] Those working in the service industry sh ouldn’t be treated as servants.[C] Those serving others have to put up with rough treatment to earn a living.[D] The majority of customers tend to look on a servant as server nowadays.56. The author says she’ll one day take her clients to dinner in order to ________.[A] see what kind of person they are[B] experience the feeling of being served[C] show her generosity towards people inferior to her[D] arouse their sympathy for people living a humble lifePassage TwoQuestions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.What’s hot for 2007 among the very rich? A $7.3million diamond ring. A trip to Tanzania to hunt wild animals. Oh, andincome inequality.Sure, some leftish billionaires like George Soros have been railing against income inequality for years. But increasingly, centrist and right-wing billionaires are staring to worry about income inequality and the fate of the middle class.In December, Mortimer Zuckerman wrote a column in U.S. News & World Report, which he owns. “our nation’s core bargain with the middle class is disintegrating,” lamented (哀叹) the 117th-richest man in America. “Most of our economic gains have gone to people at the very top of the income ladder. Average income fo r a household of people of wor king age, by contrast, has fal len five years in a raw.” He noted that “Tens of millions of Americans live in fear that a major health problem can reduce them to bankrupt cy.”Wilbur Ross Jr. has echoed Zuckerman’s anger over th e bitter struggles faced by middle-class Americans. “It’s an outrage that any American’s life expectancy should be shortened simply because the company they worked for went bankrupt and ended health-care coverage,” said the former chairman of the Internati onal Steel Group.What’s happening? The very rich are jus t as trendy as you and I, and can be so when it comes to politics and policy. Given the recent change of control in Congress, the popularity of measures like increasing the minimum wage, and efforts by Ca lifornia’s governor to offer universal health care,these guys don’t need their own personal weathermen to know which way the wind blows.It’s possible that plutocrats (有钱有势的人) are expressing solidarity with the struggling middle class as part of an effort to insulate themselves from confiscatory (没收性的) tax policies. Butthe prospect that income inequality will lead to higher taxes on the wealthy doesn’t keep plutocrats up at night. They can live with that.No, what they fear was that the political challenges of sustaining support for global economic integration will be more difficult in the United States because of what has happened to the distribution of income and economic insecurity.In other words, if middle-class Americans continue to struggle financially as the ultrawealthy grow ever wealthier, it will be increasingly difficult to maintain political support for the free flow of goods, services, and capital across borders. And when the United States places obstacles in the way of foreign investors and foreign goods, it’s likely to encourage reciprocal a ction abroad. For people who buy and sell companies, or who allocate capital to markets all around the world, that’s the real nightmare.57. What is the current topic of common interest among the very rich in America?[A] The fate of the ultrawealthy people.[B] The disintegration of the middle class.[C] The inequality in the distribution of wealth.[D] The conflict between the left and the right wing.58. What do we learn from Mortimer Zuckerman’s lamentation?[A] Many middle-income families have failed to make a bargain for better welfare.[B] The American economic system has caused companies to go bankrupt.[C] The American nation is becoming more and more divided despite its wealth.[D] The majority of Americans benefit little from the。
2007年12月13日雅思大作文英文回答:In my opinion, learning a foreign language is extremely beneficial for several reasons. Firstly, it allows us to communicate with people from different cultures and backgrounds. For example, when I traveled to China, myability to speak Mandarin helped me to interact with locals, understand their customs, and navigate through the city. This enriched my travel experience and allowed me to form meaningful connections with people I would not have been able to communicate with otherwise.Secondly, learning a foreign language enhances our cognitive abilities. Studies have shown that bilingual individuals have better problem-solving skills, improved memory, and increased creativity. For instance, when I learned French, I noticed that my memory improved as I hadto remember new vocabulary and grammar rules. Additionally, I became more creative in expressing myself as I had tofind alternative ways to convey my thoughts in a different language.Furthermore, learning a foreign language opens up new career opportunities. In today's globalized world, many companies are expanding their operations internationally, and being bilingual or multilingual is highly valued. For example, a friend of mine who speaks Spanish and English fluently was able to secure a job as a translator for a multinational corporation. This not only provided her with a stable income but also allowed her to work in a diverse and dynamic environment.中文回答:在我看来,学习一门外语有着极大的好处。
2007年12月大学英语六级考试真题Part I Writing (30 minutes )Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitledDigital Age . You should write at least 150 words following the outline given below. 1. 如今数字化产品得到越来越广泛的使用,并举例2. 数字化产品的使用对人工作,学习,生活产生的影响数字化产品的使用对人工作,学习,生活产生的影响Digital Age ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. For questions 8 -10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage. Seven Ways to Save the World Forget the old idea that conserving energy is a form of self-denial — riding bicycles, dimming the lights, and taking fewer showers. These days conservation is all about efficiency: getting the same — or better — results from just a fraction of the energy. When a slump in business travel forced Ulrich Rǒmer to cut cost costs at his family-family-owned hotel in Germany, he replaced hundreds of the hotel’s wasteful light bulbs, getting the same light owned hotel in Germany, he replaced hundreds of the hotel’s wasteful light bulbs, getting the same light for 80 percent less power. He bought a new water boiler with a digitally controlled pump, and wrapped insulation around the pipes. Spending about € 100,000 on these and other improvements, he slashed his € 90,000 fuel and power bill by € 60,000. As a bonus, the hotel’s lower energy needs have reduced its annual carbon emissions by more than 200 metric tons. “For us, saving energy hasbeen very, very profitable,” he says. “And most importantly, we’re not giving up a single comfort for our guests.”Efficiency Efficiency is is is also also also a a a great great great way way way to to to lower lower lower carbon carbon carbon emissions emissions emissions and and and help help help slow slow slow global global global warming. warming. warming. But But But the the the best best argument for efficiency is its cost — or, more precisely, its profitability. That’s because quickly growing energy demand requires immense investment in new supply, not to mention the drain of rising energy prices. No No wonder wonder wonder efficiency efficiency efficiency has has has moved moved moved to to to the the the top top top of of of the the the political political political agenda. agenda. agenda. On On On Jan. Jan. Jan. 10, 10, 10, the the the European European European Union Union unveiled a plan to cut energy use across the continent by 20 percent by 2020. Last March, China imposed a 20 percent increase in energy efficiency by 2020. Even George W. Bush, the Texas oilman, is expected to talk about energy conversation in his State of the Union speech this week. The good news is that the world is full of proven, cheap ways to save energy. Here are the seven that could have the biggest impact: Insulate Space heating and cooling eats up 36 percent of all the world’s energy. There’s virtually no limit to how much of that can be saved, as prototype “zero -energy homes” in Switzerland and Germany have shown. There’s been a surge in new ways of keeping heat in and cold out (or vice versa). The most advanced insulation follows the law of of increasing increasing returns: if you add enough, enough, you you can can scale scale down or even even eliminate eliminate heating and air-conditioning equipment, lowering costs even before you start saving on utility bills. Studies have shown that green workplaces (ones that don’t constantly need to have the heat or air -conditioner running) have higher worker productivity and lower sick rates. Change Bulbs Lighting eats up 20 percent of the world’s electricity, or the equivalent of roughly 600,000 tons of coal a day. Forty percent of that powers old-fashioned incandescent light bulbs — a 19th-century technology that wastes most of the power it consumes on unwanted heat. Compact fluorescent lamps, or CFLs, not only use 75 to 80 percent less electricity than incandescent bulbs to generate the same amount of light, but they also last 10 times longer. Phasing old bulbs out by 2030 would save the output of 650 power plants and avoid the release of 700 million tons of carbon into the atmosphere each year. Comfort Zone Water Water boilers, boilers, boilers, space space space heaters heaters heaters and and and air air air conditioners conditioners conditioners have have have been been been notoriously notoriously notoriously inefficient. inefficient. inefficient. The The The heat heat heat pump pump pump has has altered altered that that that equation. equation. equation. It It It removes removes removes heat heat heat from from from the the the air air air outside outside outside or or or the the the ground below ground below and and uses uses uses it it to to supply supply supply heat heat heat to to to a a building or its water supply. In the summer, the system can be reversed to cool building as well. Most new residential buildings in Sweden are already heated with ground-source heat pumps. Such systems consume consume almost almost almost no no no conventional conventional conventional fuel fuel fuel at at at all. all. all. Several Several Several countries countries countries have have have used used used subsidies subsidies subsidies to to to jump-start jump-start jump-start the the the market, market, including Japan, where almost 1 million heat pumps have been installed in the past two years to heat water for showers and hot tubs. Remake Factories From steel mills to paper factories, industry eats up about a third of the world’s energy. The opportunities to save are vast. In Ludwigshafen, German chemicals giant BASF runs an interconnected complex of more than 200 chemical factories, where heat produced by one chemical process is used to power the next. At the Ludwigshafen site site alone, alone, alone, such such such recycling recycling recycling of of heat heat and and and energy energy energy saves saves saves the the the company company company € € € 200 200 200 million million million a a year year and and and almost almost almost half half half its its its CO CO 2emissions. emissions. Now Now Now BASF BASF BASF is is is doing doing doing the the the same same same for for for new new new plants plants plants in in in China. China. China. ““Optimizing (优化) ) energy energy energy efficiency efficiency efficiency is is is a a decisive competitive advantage, ” says BASF CEO Jǔrgen Hambrecht.Green DrivingA A quarter quarter quarter of of of the the the world’s world’s world’s energy energy energy —— including including two two two thirds thirds thirds of of of the the the annual annual annual production production production of of of oil oil oil —— is is used used used for for transportation. Some savings come free of charge: you can boost fuel efficiency by 6 percent simply by keeping your car’s tires properly inflated (充气充气). Gasoline-electric h ybrid hybrid (混合型混合型) models like the Toyota Prius improve mileage by a further 20 percent over conventional models. A Better FridgeMore than half of all residential power goes into running household appliances ,producing a fifth of the wo world’s rld’s rld’s carbon carbon carbon emissions. emissions. emissions. And And And that’s that’s that’s true true true even even even though though though manufacturers manufacturers manufacturers have have have already already already hiked hiked hiked the the the efficiency efficiency efficiency of of refrigerators refrigerators and and and other other other white white white goods goods goods by by by as as as much much much as as as 70 70 70 percent percent percent since since since the the the 1980s. 1980s. 1980s. According According According to to to an an an International International Energy Agency study, if consumers chose those models that would save them the most money over the life of the appliance, they’d cut global residential power consumption and their utility bills by 43 percent.Flexible PaymentWho says you have to pay for all your conservation investment ?“Energy service contractors” will pay for retrofitting (翻折改造翻折改造) in return for a share of the client’s annual utility-bill savings. In Beijing, Shenwu Thermal Energy Technology Co. specializes in retrofitting China’s steel furnaces. Shenwu puts up the initial investm ent to install install a a a heat heat heat exchanger exchanger exchanger that that that preheats preheats preheats the the the air air air going going going into into into the the the furnace furnace ,slashing slashing the the the client’s client’s client’s fuel fuel fuel costs . costs . Shenwu pockets a cut of those savings, so both Shenwu and the client profit. If saving energy is so easy and profitable, why isn’t everyone doing it? It has to do with psychology and a lack of information. Most of us tend to look at today’s price tag more than tomorrow’s potential savings. That holds double for the landlord or developer, who won’t actually see a penny of the savings his investm ent in better insulation or a better heating system might generate. In many people’s minds, conservation is still associated with self-denial. Many environmentalistsstill push that view. Smart governments can help push the market in the right direction. T he EU’s 1994 law on labeling was such a success that it extended the same idea to entire buildings last year. To boost the market value of efficiency, all new new buildings buildings buildings are are are required required required to to to have have have an an an “energy “energy “energy pass” pass” pass” detailing detailing detailing power power power and and and heating heating heating consumption. consumption. consumption. Countrie Countrie Countries s s like like Japan Japan and and and Germany Germany Germany have have have successively successively successively tightened tightened tightened building building building codes, codes, codes, requiring requiring requiring an an an increase increase increase in in in insulation insulation insulation levels levels levels but but leaving it up to builders to decide how to meet them. The most powerful incentives, of course, will come from the market itself. Over the past year, sky-high fuel prices have focused minds on efficiency like never before. Ever-increasing pressure to cut costs has finally forced more companies to do some math on their energy use. Will it be enough? With global demand and emissions rising so fast, we may not have any choice but to try. Efficient technology is here now, proven and cheap. Compared with all other options, it’s the biggest, easiest and most profitable bang for the buck. 1. What is said to be the best way to conserve energy nowadays? [A] Raising efficiently. [B] Cutting unnecessary costs. [C] Finding alternative resources [D] Sacrificing some personal comforts. 2. What does the European Union plan to do? [A] Diversify energy supply. [B] Cut energy consumption. [C] Reduce carbon emissions. [D] Raise production efficiency. 3. If you add enough insulation to your house, you may be able to _______. [A] improve your work environment [B] cut your utility bills by half. [C] get rid of air-conditioners [D] enjoy much better health 4. How much of the power consumed by incandescent bulbs is converted into light? [A] A small portion. [B] Some 40 percent [C] Almost half. [D] 75 to 80 percent. 5. Some countries have tired to jump-start the market of heat pumps by_________. [A] upgrading the equipment [B] encouraging investments [C] implementing high-tech [D] providing subsidies 6. German chemicals giant BASF saves € 200 million a year by_________. [A] recycling heat and energy [B] setting up factories in China [C] using the newest technology [D] reducing the CO 2 emissions of its plants 7. Global residential power consumption can be cut by 43 percent if________. [A] we increase the insulation of walls and water pipes [B] we choose simpler models of electrical appliances [C] we cut down on the use of refrigerators and other white goods [D] we choose the most efficient models of refrigerators and other white goods 8. Ene rgy service contractors profit by taking a part of clients’__________.9. Many environmentalists maintain the view that conservation has much to do with___________. 10. The strongest incentive energy conservation will drive from_____________. Part IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth ) (25 minutes )Section ADirections:In this section, there is a short passage with 5 questions or incomplete statements. Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words. Please write your answers on Answer sheet 2.Questions 47 to 51 are based on the following passage.Men, these days, are embracing fatherhood with the round-the-clock involvement their partners have always dreamed dreamed of of of —— handling handling night night night feedings, feedings, feedings, packing packing packing lunches lunches lunches and and and bandaging bandaging bandaging knees. knees. knees. But But But unlike unlike unlike women, women, women, many many many find find they they’’re negotiating their new roles with little support or information. “Men in my generation (aged 25-40) have a fear of becoming dads because we have no role models,” says Jon Smith, a writer. They often find themselves excluded from mothers ’ support networks, and are eyed warily (警觉地) on the playground. The challenge is particularly evident in the work-place. There, men are still expected to be breadwinners climbing the corporate ladder: traditionally-minded bosses are often unsympathetic to family needs. In Denmark most new fathers only take two weeks of paternity leave (父亲的陪产假) — even though they are allowed 34 days. As much as if not more so than women, fathers struggle to be taken seriously when they request 47. Unlike women, men often get little support or information from . 48. Besides supporting the family, men were also expected to . will be . 50. When Maring was on paternity leave, he was allowed by his company to work with . whose only job is to serve them. 52. The author was disappointed to find that _______.[A] one’s position is used as a gauge to measure one’s intelligence[B] talented people like her should fail to get a respectable job [C] one’s occupation affects the way one is treated as a person[D] professionals tend to look down upon manual workers 53. What does the author intend to say by the example in the second paragraph?[A] Some customers simply show no respect to those who serve them. [B] People absorbed in a phone conversation tend to be absent-minded. [C] Waitresses are often treated by customers as casual acquaintances. [D] Some customers like to make loud complaints for no reason at all. 54. How did the author feel when waiting tables at the age of 19?[A] She felt it unfair to be treated as a mere servant by professional. [B] She felt badly hurt when her customers regarded her as a peon. [C] She was embarrassed each time her customers joked with her. [D] She found it natural for professionals to treat her as inferior. 55. What does the author imply by saying “…many of my customers didn’t get the difference betweenserver and servant”(Lines 3-4, Para.7)?[A] Those who cater to others’ needs are destined to be looked down upon.[B] Those working in the service industry shouldn’t be treated as servants.[C] Those serving others have to put up with rough treatment to earn a living. [D] The majority of customers tend to look on a servant as server nowadays. 56. The author says she’ll one day take her clients to dinner in order to ________.[A] see what kind of person they are [B] experience the feeling of being served [C] show her generosity towards people inferior to her [D] arouse their sympathy for people living a humble life Passage TwoQuestions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.What’s What’s hot hot hot for for for 2007 2007 2007 among among among the the the very very very rich? rich? rich? A A A $7.3million $7.3million $7.3million diamond diamond diamond ring. ring. ring. A A A trip trip trip to to Tanzania Tanzania to to to hunt hunt hunt wild wild animals. Oh, and income inequality. Sure, some leftish billionaires like George Soros have been railing against income inequality for years. But increasingly, centrist and right-wing billionaires are staring to worry about income inequality and the fate of the middle class. In December, Mortimer Zuckerman wrote a column in U.S. News & World Report, which he owns. “our nation’s core bargain with the middle class is disintegrating,” lamented (哀叹) the 117th -richest man in America. “Most “Most of of of our our our economic economic economic gains gains gains have have have gone gone gone to people to people at at the the the very very very top top top of of of the the the income income income ladder. Average ladder. Average income income for a for a household of people of wor king age, by contrast, has fallen five years in a raw.” He noted that “Tens of millions of Americans live in fear that a major health problem can reduce them to bankrupt cy.”Wilbur Ross Jr. has echoed Zuckerman’s anger over the bitter struggles faced by middle -class Americans. “It’s “It’s an an an outrage outrage outrage that that that any any any American’s American’s American’s life life life expectancy expectancy expectancy should should should be be be shortened shortened shortened simply simply simply because because because the the the company company company they they worked for went bankrupt and ended health-care coverage,” said the former chairman of the International Steel Group. What’s happening? The very rich are just as trendy as you and I, and can be so when it comes to politics and policy. Given the recent change of control in Congress, the popularity of measures like increasing the minimum wage, and efforts by Ca lifornia’s governor to offer universal health care, these guys don’t need their own personal ttingen to give In 1915 Einstein made a trip to Gö62 -63 64 time, a new scientific anxiety was about to 65 . He was 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 up 73 come up 74 himself into a month-long frantic endeavor in 75 he 76 that he 77 78 79 formulation of it. Einstein also took time off from 80 81 答案:答案:快速阅读快速阅读1 A) Raising efficiency 2 B) Cut energy consumption 3 C) Get rid of air-conditioners 4 A) A small proportion (新东方选B) Some forty percent 错) 5 D) Providing subsidies 6 A) Recycling heat and energy 7 D) We choose the most efficient models of refrigerators and other white goods 8 annual utility-bill savings. 9 self-denial. 10 the market itself. 阅读简答阅读简答47 from mother’s support network.48 climb the corporate ladder. 49 taken seriously. 50 at home. / in a home office 51 stress. 阅读Section B 52 C One’s occupationaffects the way one is treated as a person.53 A Some customers simply show no respect to those who serve them. 54 D She found it natural for professionals to treat her as inferior. 55 B Those working in the service industry shouldn’t be treated as servants.56 A See what kind of person they are. 57 C The inequality in the distribution of wealth. 58 C The American nation is becoming more and more divided despite its wealth 59 B The very rich are politically sensitive. 60 C They want to gain support for global economics’ integration.61 D Foreign countries will place the same economic barriers in return. 完形完形62.C) out 63.A) convince 64.C) Amid 65.B) emerge 66.C) describe 67.A) ones 68.D) through 69.B) realized 70.A) pursuing 71.D) competitive 72.B) horror 73.C) with 74.A) threw 75.D) which 76.C) rushed 77.A) successive 78.C) though 79.D) furiously 80.B) about 81.A) curious 翻译翻译82 our communication would not have been so rapid and convenient 83 nothing is more helpful than a sense of humor 84 but (he) refused to make further explanation( for doing so)/ to further explain why 85 while animal behavior depends mainly upon (on) their instinct(s) 86 should he lie to the court 。
2007年6月英语四级真题答案解析P art I Writing审解题目:从文体上看,本文是应用文,但是在三段论的结构里面,又加入了说明文,说明这个社团的好处。
首先说明社团活动的主要内容;然后阐述加入这个社团的好处;最后给出参加社团的联系方式。
写作步骤:本文采用的是提纲式作文,写作应按照试卷上给出的汉语提纲进行,分三段将所涉及内容论述清楚:第一段:表示对参加本社团的欢迎,介绍本社团的活动内容;第二段:阐述参加本社团的一些好处;第三段:如何参加本社团。
范文一:Ladies and Gentlemen,First of all, please allow me to express the most heartfelt welcome to all of you on behalf of our English Club. We have been looking forward to seeing you for long. It is a wonderful day today.Now I would like to brief my club to you since I want to leave the most wonderful for you to discover. Our club, organizing various activities regularly catering for the needs of participants, is1well-known among many English learners. If you want to meet native English speakers, please join us. If you want to speak English not only accurately but also fluently, please join us. If you want to discover the most attractive aspects in English, please join us. I do hope that you will enjoy your journey of English study with us. Thank you!Sincerely YoursLi Ming范文二:Welcome to English Club! It could serve as a platform to show your outstanding abilities and help you develop a range of great skills.You can be involved in a variety of activities including staging musical dramas, holding group discussions and watching Oscar-winning movies. These extra-curricular activities could offer you ample opportunities. First, your active participation is helpful to strengthening the sense of responsibility and managing interpersonal relations. Second, various activities organized by us could raise your level of proficiency in English. A good command of English empowers you to enjoy decided competitive edge over your peers.You can file a written application to our staff office or email us via . The deadline for entries is Sept. 25th. Come on, join us now!范文三:The Speech Club is organizing school-wide speech training and contests to be held on each Saturday at the Students’Recreational Center. Five prestigious experts and professors will be invited to2be speech lecturers and contest judges. For each speech contest, the first six winners will be given awards.Attending our club has substantial advantages. Firstly, it can improve your ability to deliver a speech which is of utmost significance to your future career and development. Secondly, it can help you to possess self-confidence, enrich your extra curricula activities and make your campus life dimensional, colorful and vigorous. To sum up, the experiences in our club will be extraordinarily unforgettable throughout your life.Students who are interested in taking part in it may sign up with the monitor of their classes before Tuesday next week (June 26). Everybody is welcome to attend our club.Speech ClubPart II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)Protect Your Privacy When Job-hunting Online当你在网上找工作的时候注意保护你的隐私Identity theft and identity fraud are terms used to refer to all types of crime in which someone身份偷盗和身份欺骗是一切犯罪活动中的典型类型,一些人会获得一些不该得到的收获通过一3些方式wrongfully obtains and uses another person’s personal data in some way that involves fraud or用其他人的个人地址那些涉及欺骗或者欺诈,是经济增值的典型代表deception, typically for economic gain.The numbers associated with identity theft are beginning to add up fast these days. A recent这些天和身份欺诈相关联的数据正在急剧增加。
A Five-Year Study of File-System MetadataNitin Agrawal University of Wisconsin,Madison nitina@ William J.Bolosky,John R.Douceur,Jacob R.LorchMicrosoft Research{bolosky,johndo,lorch}@AbstractForfive years,we collected annual snapshots offile-system metadata from over60,000Windows PCfile sys-tems in a large corporation.In this paper,we use these snapshots to study temporal changes infile size,file age,file-type frequency,directory size,namespace structure,file-system population,storage capacity and consump-tion,and degree offile modification.We present a gen-erative model that explains the namespace structure and the distribution of directory sizes.Wefind significant temporal trends relating to the popularity of certainfile types,the origin offile content,the way the namespace is used,and the degree of variation amongfile systems,as well as more pedestrian changes in sizes and capacities. We give examples of consequent lessons for designers of file systems and related software.1IntroductionEvery year from2000to2004,we collected snapshots of metadata from over ten thousandfile systems on the Windows desktop computers at Microsoft Corporation. We gathered this data by mass-emailing a scanning pro-gram to Microsoft’s employees,and we had a22%par-ticipation rate every year.Our resulting datasets con-tain metadata from63,398distinctfile systems,6457of which provided snapshots in multiple years.This project was a longitudinal extension of an ear-lier study we performed in1998[9],which was an order of magnitude larger than any prior study offile-system metadata.Our earlier study involved a single capture of file-system metadata,and it focused on lateral variation amongfile systems at a moment in time.By contrast, the present study focuses on longitudinal changes infile systems over afive-year time span.In particular,we study temporal changes in the size, age,and type frequency offiles;the size of directories; the structure of thefile-system namespace;and various characteristics offile systems,includingfile and direc-tory population,storage capacity,storage consumption, and degree offile modification.The contributions of this work are threefold.First,we contribute the collected data set,which we will sanitize and make available for general use later this year.This is the largest set offile-system metadata ever collected,and it spans the longest time period of any sizeable metadata collection.To obtain this data set,contact the Microsoft authors.Second,we contribute all of our research observations, including:•The space used infile systems has increased over the course of our study,not only because meanfile size has increased(from108KB to189KB),but also because the number offiles has increased(from 30K to90K).•Eightfile-name extensions account for over35%of files,and ninefile-name extensions account for over 35%of the bytes infiles.The same sets of exten-sions have remained popular for many years.•The fraction offile-system content created or modi-fied locally has decreased over time.In thefirst year of our study,the medianfile system had30%of its files created or modified locally,and four years later this percentage was22%.•Directory size distribution has not notably changed over the years of our study.In each year,directo-ries have had very few subdirectories and a modest number of entries.90%of them have had two or fewer subdirectories,and90%of them have had20 or fewer total entries.•The fraction offile system storage residing in the namespace subtree meant for user documents and settings has increased in every year of our study, starting at7%and rising to15%.The fraction re-siding in the subtree meant for systemfiles has also risen over the course of our study,from2%to11%.•File system capacity has increased dramatically dur-ing our study,with median capacity rising from 5GB to40GB.One might expect this to cause dras-tic reductions infile system fullness,but instead the reduction infile system fullness has been modest.Median fullness has only decreased from47%to 42%.•Over the course of a single year,80%offile systems become fuller and18%become less full.Third,we contribute a generative,probabilistic model for how directory trees are created.Our model explains the distribution of directories by depth in the namespace tree,and it also explains the distribution of the count of subdirectories per directory.This is thefirst genera-tive model that characterizes the process by whichfile-system namespaces are constructed.§2describes the methodology of our data collection, analysis,and presentation.§3,§4,and§5present our findings on,respectively,files,directories,and space us-age.§6surveys related work,and§7summarizes and concludes.2MethodologyThis section describes the methodology we applied to collecting,analyzing,and presenting the data.2.1Data collectionWe developed a simple program that traverses the di-rectory tree of each local,fixed-diskfile system mounted on a computer.The program records a snapshot of all metadata associated with eachfile or directory,includ-ing hiddenfiles and directories.This metadata includes name,size,timestamps,and attributes.The program also records the parent-child relationships of nodes in the namespace tree,as well as some system configuration information.The program recordsfile names in an en-crypted form.We wrote automated tools that decrypt the file names for computing aggregate statistics,but for pri-vacy reasons we do not look at the decryptedfile names directly,which places some limits on our analyses.In post-processing,we remove metadata relating to the sys-tem pagingfile,because this is part of the virtual memory system rather than thefile system.In the autumn of every year from2000to2004,we dis-tributed the scanning program via email to a large subset of the employees of Microsoft,with a request for the re-cipients to run the program on their desktop machines. As an incentive to participate,we held a lottery in whichYear Period Users Machs FSs 200013Sep–29Sep5396605111,654 20018Oct–2Nov7539936316,022 200230Sep–1Nov7158909115,011 200313Oct–14Nov7436926214,633 20045Oct–12Nov7180872913,505 Table1:Properties of each year’s datasetYear NTFS FAT32FAT Other Total 20007,0152,6961,943011,654 200111,7913,314915216,022 200212,3022,280429015,011 200312,8531,478302014,633 200412,364876264113,505 Total56,32510,6443,853370,825 Table2:File system types in datasetseach scanned machine counted as an entry,with a single prize of a night’s stay at a nearby resort hotel.The spe-cific subset of people we were permitted to poll varied from year to year based on a number of factors;however, despite variations in user population and in other distri-bution particulars,we observed a22%participation rate every year.We scanned desktops rather than servers because at Microsoft,files are typically stored on individual desk-tops rather than centralized servers.We collected the data via voluntary participation rather than random se-lection because the company only permitted the former approach;note that this voluntary approach may have produced selection bias.2.2Data propertiesTable1itemizes some properties of each year’s data collection.The primary collection period ran between the listed start and end dates,which mark the beginning of our emailing requests and the last eligible day for the lottery.Some snapshots continued to trickle in after the primary collection period;we used these in our analyses as well.Table2itemizes the breakdown of each year’s snap-shots according tofile-system type.80%of our snap-shots came from NTFS[27],the mainfile system for operating systems in the Windows NT family;5%from FAT[18],a16-bitfile system dating from DOS;and15% from FAT32[18],a32-bit upgrade of FAT developed for Windows95.Start12345200011,6549502346318200116,0221,833498144-200215,0111,852588--200314,6331,901---200413,505----Total70,8256,5361,32020718 Table3:Number offile systems for which we have snap-shots in the n consecutive years starting with each year. For instance,there are1,852file systems for which we have snapshots from both2002and2003.For some analyses,we needed a way to establish whether twofile-system snapshots from different years refer to the samefile system.“Sameness”is not actually a well-formed notion;for example,it is not clear whether afile system is still the same after its volume is extended. We defined two snapshots to refer to the samefile system if and only if they have the same user name,computer name,volume ID,drive letter,and total space.The need for some of these conditions was not obvious atfirst.For example,we added drive letter because some drives on some machines are multiply mapped,and we added total space so that a volume set would not be considered the same if a new volume were added to the set.Based on this definition,Table3shows the number of snapshots for which we have consecutive-year information.2.3Data presentationMany of our graphs have horizontal axes that span a large range of nonnegative numbers.To represent these ranges compactly,we use a logarithmic scale for non-zero values,but we also include an abscissa for the zero value,even though zero does not strictly belong on a log-arithmic scale.We plot most histograms with line graphs rather than bar graphs because,withfive or more datasets on a sin-gle plot,bar graphs can become difficult to read.For each bin in the histogram,we plot a point(x,y)where x is the midpoint of the bin and y is the size of the bin.We use the geometric midpoint when the x axis uses a log-arithmic scale.We often plot un-normalized histograms rather than probability density functions(PDFs)for two reasons:First,the graphs expose more data if we do not normalize them.Second,because the count offiles and directories perfile system has grown substantially over time,not normalizing allows us to plot multiple years’curves on the same chart without overlapping to the point of unreadability.Whenever we use the prefix K,as in KB,we mean210. Similarly,we use M for220and G for230.2.4Data analysisWe believe that analysis of longitudinalfile system data is of interest to many sets of people with diverse concerns aboutfile system usage.For instance:•developers offile systems,including desktop, server,and distributedfile systems•storage area network designers•developers offile system utilities,such as backup, anti-virus,content indexing,encryption,and disk space usage visualization•storage capacity planners•disk manufacturers,especially those using gray-box techniques to enable visibility into thefile system at the disk level[2]•multitier storage system developersIn each subsection,after discussing ourfindings and what we consider to be the most interesting summaries of thesefindings,we will present some examples of in-teresting implications for the people enumerated above.2.5LimitationsAll our data comes from a relatively homogenous sam-ple of machines:Microsoft desktops running Windows. Since past studies[23,28]have shown thatfile system characteristics can vary from one environment to another, our conclusions may not be applicable to substantially different environments.For instance,our conclusions are likely not applicable tofile system server workloads, and it is unclear to what extent they can be generalized to non-Windows operating systems.It may also be that artifacts of Microsoft policy,such as specific software distributions that are common or disallowed,may yield results that would not apply to other workloads.3Files3.1File count perfile systemFigure1plots cumulative distribution functions (CDFs)offile systems by count offiles.The count of files perfile system has increased steadily over ourfive-year sample period:The arithmetic mean has grown from 30K to90Kfiles and the median has grown from18K to 52Kfiles.The count offiles perfile system is going up from year to year,and,as we will discuss in§4.1,the same holds0 20 40 60 80 1004M 512K 64K 8K 1K 128162C u m u l a t i v e % o f f i l e s y s t e m sFile count (log scale)20002001200220032004Figure 1:CDFs of file systems by file count0 20004000 6000 8000 10000 12000128M 8M 512K 32K 2K 12880F i l e s p e r f i l e s y s t e mFile size (bytes, log scale, power-of-2 bins)20002001200220032004Figure 2:Histograms of files by sizefor directories.Thus,file system designers should en-sure their metadata tables scale to large file counts.Ad-ditionally,we can expect file system scans that examine data proportional to the number of files and/or directo-ries to take progressively longer.Examples of such scans include virus scans and metadata integrity checks fol-lowing block corruption.Thus,it will become increas-ingly useful to perform these checks efficiently,perhaps by scanning in an order that minimizes movement of the disk arm.3.2File sizeThis section describes our findings regarding file size.We report the size of actual content,ignoring the effects of internal fragmentation,file metadata,and any other overhead.We observe that the overall file size distribu-tion has changed slightly over the five years of our study.By contrast,the majority of stored bytes are found in in-creasingly larger files.Moreover,the latter distribution increasingly exhibits a double mode,due mainly to data-base and blob (binary large object)files.Figure 2plots histograms of files by size and Figure 3plots the corresponding CDFs.We see that the absolute count of files per file system has grown significantly over time,but the general shape of the distribution has not0 20 40 60 80 100256M16M 1M 64K 4K 256161C u m u l a t i v e % o f f i l e sFile size (bytes, log scale)20002001200220032004Figure 3:CDFs of files by size200 400 600 800 10001200 1400 1600180064G 8G 1G 128M 16M 2M 256K 32K 4K 512U s e d s p a c e p e r f i l e s y s t e m (M B )Containing file size (bytes, log scale, power-of-2 bins)20002001200220032004Figure 4:Histograms of bytes by containing file size changed significantly.Although it is not visible on the graph,the arithmetic mean file size has grown by 75%from 108KB to 189KB.In each year,1–1.5%of files have a size of zero.The growth in mean file size from 108KB to 189KB over four years suggests that this metric grows roughly 15%per year.Another way to estimate this growth rate is to compare our 2000result to the 1981result of 13.4KB obtained by Satyanarayanan [24].This comparison esti-mates the annual growth rate as 12%.Note that this latter estimate is somewhat flawed,since it compares file sizes from two rather different environments.0 20 40 60 80 100128G 16G 2G 256M 32M 4M 512K 64K 8K 1KC u m u l a t i v e % o f u s e d s p a c eContaining file size (bytes, log scale)20002001200220032004Figure 5:CDFs of bytes by containing file size20040060080010001200140016001800512-1K 4K-8K 32K-64K 256K-512K 2M-4M16M-32M 128M-256M 1G-2G8G-16G 64G-128GContaining file size (bytes, log scale, power-of-2 bins)U s e d s p a c e p e r F S (M B )Figure 6:Contribution of file types to Figure 4(2004).Video means files with extension avi ,dps ,mpeg ,mpg ,vob ,or wmv ;DB means files with extension ldf ,mad ,mdf ,ndf ,ost ,or pst ;and Blob means files named hiberfil.sys and files with extension bak ,bkf ,bkp ,dmp ,gho ,iso ,pqi ,rbf ,or vhd .Figure 4plots histograms of bytes by containing file size,alternately described as histograms of files weighted by file size.Figure 5plots CDFs of these distri-butions.We observe that the distribution of file size has shifted to the right over time,with the median weighted file size increasing from 3MB to 9MB.Also,the distri-bution exhibits a double mode that has become progres-sively more pronounced.The corresponding distribution in our 1998study did not show a true second mode,but it did show an inflection point around 64MB,which is near the local minimum in Figure 4.To study this second peak,we broke out several cate-gories of files according to file-name extension.Figure 6replots the 2004data from Figure 4as a stacked bar chart,with the contributions of video,database,and blob files indicated.We see that most of the bytes in large files are in video,database,and blob files,and that most of the video,database,and blob bytes are in large files.Our finding that different types of files have differ-ent size distributions echoes the findings of other stud-ies.In 1981,Satyanarayanan [24]found this to be the case on a shared file server in an academic environment.In 2001,Evans and Kuenning also noted this phenom-enon in their analysis of 22machines running various operating systems at Harvey Mudd College and Marine Biological Laboratories [11].The fact that this finding is consistent across various different environments and times suggests that it is fundamental.0 20004000 6000 8000 10000 12000 14000 1600014y1.8y81d 10d 31hr 3.8hr F i l e s p e r f i l e s y s t e mFile age (log scale, power-of-2 bins)20002001200220032004Figure 7:Histograms of files by age0 20 40 60 80 1007.1y 0.9y 41d 5d 15.2hr 2hrC u m u l a t i v e % o f f i l e sFile age (log scale, power-of-2 bins)20002001200220032004Figure 8:CDFs of files by ageThere are several implications of the fact that a large number of small files account for a small fraction of disk usage,such as the following.First,it may not take much space to colocate many of these files with their meta-data.This may be a reasonable way to reduce the disk seek time needed to access these files.Second,a file system that colocates several files in a single block,like ReiserFS [22],will have many opportunities to do so.This will save substantial space by eliminating internal fragmentation,especially if a large block size is used to improve performance.Third,designers of disk usage vi-sualization utilities may want to show not only directo-ries but also the names of certain large files.3.3File ageThis subsection describes our findings regarding file age.Because file timestamps can be modified by applica-tion programs [17],our conclusions should be regarded cautiously.Figure 7plots histograms of files by age,calculated as the elapsed time since the file was created or last modi-fied,relative to the time of the snapshot.Figure 8shows CDFs of this same data.The median file age ranges be-tween 80and 160days across datasets,with no clear trend over time.20002001200220032004% o f f i l e sFigure 9:Fraction of files with popular extensionsThe distribution of file age is not memoryless,so the age of a file is useful in predicting its remaining lifetime.So,systems such as archival backup systems can use this distribution to make predictions of how much longer afile will be needed based on how old it is.Since the dis-tribution of file age has not appreciably changed across the years,we can expect that a prediction algorithm de-veloped today based on the latest distribution will apply for several years to come.3.4File-name extensionsThis subsection describes our findings regarding pop-ular file types,as determined by file-name extension.Al-though the top few extensions have not changed dramat-ically over our five-year sample period,there has been some change,reflecting a decline in the relative preva-lence of web content and an increase in use of virtual machines.The top few extensions account for nearly half of all files and bytes in file systems.In old DOS systems with 8.3-style file names,the ex-tension was the zero to three characters following the single dot in the file name.Although Windows systems allow file names of nearly arbitrary length and contain-ing multiple dots,many applications continue to indicate their file types by means of extensions.For our analy-ses,we define an extension as the five-or-fewer charac-ters following the last dot in a file name.If a name has no dots or has more than five characters after the last dot,we consider that name to have no extension,which we repre-sent with the symbol Ø.As a special case,if a file name ends in .gz ,.bz2,and .Z ,then we ignore that suffix when determining extension.We do this because these are types of compressed files wherein the actual content type is indicated by the characters prior to the compres-sion extension.To understand the typical usage of the file extensions we discuss in this section,see Table 4.Extension Typical Usage cpp C++source code dll Dynamic link library exe Executablegif Image in Graphic Interchange Format h Source code headerhtm File in hypertext markup language jpg Image in JPEG format lib Code librarymp3Music file in MPEG Layer III format pch Precompiled headerpdb Source symbols for debugging pst Outlook personal folder txt Textvhd Virtual hard drive for virtual machine wma Windows Media AudioTable 4:Typical usage of popular file extensionssionsFigure 9plots,for the nine extensions that are the most popular in terms of file count,the fraction of files with that extension.The fractions are plotted longitudinally over our five-year sample period.The most notable thing we observe is that these extensions’popularity is rela-tively stable—the top five extensions have remained the top five for this entire time.However,the relative popu-larity of gif files and htm files has gone down steadily since 2001,suggesting a decline in the popularity of web content relative to other ways to fill one’s file system.Figure 10plots,for the ten extensions that are the most popular in terms of summed file size,the fraction of file bytes residing in files with that extension.Across all years,dynamic link libraries (dll files)contain more bytes than any other file type.Extension vhd ,which is used for virtual hard drives,is consuming a rapidly increasing fraction of file-system space,suggesting that5 10 15 20100806040200% o f f i l e s y s t e m s% of files unwritten (5-percentage-point bins)20002001200220032004Figure 11:Histograms of file systems by percentage of files unwritten0 20 40 60 80 10010080604020C u m u l a t i v e % o f f i l e s y s t e m s% of files unwritten20002001200220032004Figure 12:CDFs of file systems by percentage of files unwrittenvirtual machine use is increasing.The null extension ex-hibits a notable anomaly in 2003,but we cannot investi-gate the cause without decrypting the file names in our datasets,which would violate our privacy policy.Since files with the same extension have similar prop-erties and requirements,some file system management policies can be improved by including special-case treat-ment for particular extensions.Such special-case treat-ment can be built into the file system or autonomically and dynamically learned [16].Since nearly half the files,and nearly half the bytes,belong to files with a few pop-ular extensions,developing such special-case treatment for only a few particular extensions can optimize perfor-mance for a large fraction of the file system.Further-more,since the same extensions continue to be popular year after year,one can develop special-case treatments for today’s popular extensions and expect that they will still be useful years from now.3.5Unwritten filesFigures 11and 12plot histograms and CDFs,respec-tively,of file systems by percentage of files that have not been written since they were copied onto the file sys-0 20 40 60 80 10064K 8K 1K 128162C u m u l a t i v e % o f f i l e s y s t e m sDirectory count (log scale, power-of-2 bins)20002001200220032004Figure 13:CDFs of file systems by directory count tem.We identify such files as ones whose modification timestamps are earlier than their creation timestamps,since the creation timestamp of a copied file is set to the time at which the copy was made,but its modifica-tion timestamp is copied from the original file.Over our sample period,the arithmetic mean of the percentage of locally unwritten files has grown from 66%to 76%,and the median has grown from 70%to 78%.This suggests that users locally contribute to a decreasing fraction of their systems’content.This may in part be due to the increasing amount of total content over time.Since more and more files are being copied across file systems rather than generated locally,we can expect identifying and coalescing identical copies to become in-creasingly important in systems that aggregate file sys-tems.Examples of systems with such support are the FARSITE distributed file system [1],the Pastiche peer-to-peer backup system [8],and the Single Instance Store in Windows file servers [5].4Directories4.1Directory count per file systemFigure 13plots CDFs of file systems by count of di-rectories.The count of directories per file system has increased steadily over our five-year sample period:The arithmetic mean has grown from 2400to 8900directories and the median has grown from 1K to 4K directories.We discussed implications of the rising number of di-rectories per file system earlier,in §3.1.4.2Directory sizeThis section describes our findings regarding direc-tory size,measured by count of contained files,count of contained subdirectories,and total entry count.None of these size distributions has changed appreciably over our sample period,but the mean count of files per directory has decreased slightly.0 20 40 60 80 100 01020 30 40 50C u m u l a t i v e % o f d i r e c t o r i e sCount of contained files20002001200220032004Figure 14:CDFs of directories by file count0 20 40 60 80 100 024 6810C u m u l a t i v e % o f d i r e c t o r i e sCount of subdirectories200020012002200320042004 modelFigure 15:CDFs of directories by subdirectory count Figure 14plots CDFs of directories by size,as mea-sured by count of files in the directory.It shows that al-though the absolute count of directories per file system has grown significantly over time,the distribution has not changed appreciably.Across all years,23–25%of directories contain no files,which marks a change from 1998,in which only 18%contained no files and there were more directories containing one file than those con-taining none.The arithmetic mean directory size has decreased slightly and steadily from 12.5to 10.2over the sample period,but the median directory size has re-mained steady at 2files.Figure 15plots CDFs of directories by size,as mea-sured by count of subdirectories in the directory.It in-cludes a model approximation we will discuss later in §4.5.This distribution has remained unchanged over our sample period.Across all years,65–67%of directories contain no subdirectories,which is similar to the 69%found in 1998.Figure 16plots CDFs of directories by size,as mea-sured by count of total entries in the directory.This dis-tribution has remained largely unchanged over our sam-ple period.Across all years,46–49%of directories con-tain two or fewer entries.Since there are so many directories with a small num-ber of files,it would not take much space to colocate0 20 40 60 80 100 01020 30 4050C u m u l a t i v e % o f d i r e c t o r i e sCount of entries20002001200220032004Figure 16:CDFs of directories by entrycountW i n d o w sP r o g r a m F i l e sD o c u m e n t s a n d S e t t i n g sW i n d o w sP r o g r a m F i l e sD o c u m e n t s a n d S e t t i n g sFiles Bytes% o f f i l e s o r b y t e s2000200120032004Figure 17:Fraction of files and bytes in special subtrees the metadata for most of those files with those directo-ries.Such a layout would reduce seeks associated with file accesses.Therefore,it might be useful to preallocate a small amount of space near a new directory to hold a modest amount of child metadata.Similarly,most direc-tories contain fewer than twenty entries,suggesting using an on-disk structure for directories that optimizes for this common case.4.3Special directoriesThis section describes our findings regarding the usage of Windows special directories.We find that an increas-ing fraction of file-system storage is in the namespace subtree devoted to system files,and the same holds for the subtree devoted to user documents and settings.Figure 17plots the fraction of file-system files that reside within subtrees rooted in each of three spe-cial directories:Windows ,Program Files ,and Documents and Settings .This figure also plots the fraction of file-system bytes contained within each of these special subtrees.For the Windows subtree,the fractions of files and bytes have both risen from 2–3%to 11%over our sam-ple period,suggesting that an increasingly large fraction of file-system storage is devoted to system files.In par-。