段落改错

段落改错(6级长度7级水平)Directions: This part consists of a short passage. In this passage, there are altogether 10 mistakes, one in each numbered line. You may have to change a word, add a word or delete a word. If you change a word, cross it out and write the correct word in the corresponding blank. If you add a word, put an insertion mark in the right place and write the missing word in the blank. If you delete a word, cross it out and put a slash in the blank.1) The United States recently made a numberof new rules which are believed to be able to helpcontrol most of the dangerous industrious wastes 1.__ ___in the country.The new rules place strong limits to the fu-ture production, transportation or dumping of 2. ___more than 500 dangerous chemicals and sub-stances that are poisonous, burn easy or can ex- 3._ ___plode. The new rules will cost American indus-tries almost nearly 1000 million dollars, but that 4.__ ____would be a small cost when comparing to the 5.__ ____great danger and cost caused by the uncontrolleddumping of dangerous wastes. The chemical in-dustry criticizes the new rules for too strong, say- 6._ ____ing that the cost will be more greater than it has 7.__ ___been thought to be, maybe twice as many. But 8._ ____environmental scientists criticize the new rules astoo weak because some dangerous chemicals arenot covered by the program and most small in-dustry are not included. Yet they believe that the 9.__ ___program is a good first step to solving the veryserious polluted problem. 10._ ___2) Do some FL (Foreign Language) readingeveryday and try to finish one FL book at least 1._ ____every week. You are no doubt busy with little sparetime, and this may sound unrealistic. And if you 2. ____read in the way described, it is perfectly possible.The key is to be honest with you about what you 3._ __really enjoy: thrillers, women‘s magazines,newspapers –that really doesn‘t matter what 4.__ ___you read as long as it genuinely interested you, 5. ___because that is the only certain way to makeyourself read. It is impossible to reach goodspeeds by practicing on material that is difficultor dull.If you pursue this program during only a 6._ ___ few months, you should achieve a very markedincrease in your reading efficiency. What you dowith your FL reading skill when you have deve-loped it are up to you: you may want to go back 7. ___to the classics or use it to study for a furtherqualification. The point is that in order to devel-op skill, a great deal of practice on easy interest- 8.__ __ing materials is essential. If you can improve this 9._ ____ to yourself by developing you own reading skillby this method, your teaching will carry the cer-tainty that come only from experience. 10.__ __ 3) Many primitive people believed that eatingan animal they could get some of the goodqualities of that animal for themselves. Theythought, for example, that eating deer wouldmake them flit as the deer. Others believed that 1. _ ____ eating enemies that had shown bravery in battle 2. __ __ would make themselves brave.Among civilized people it was once thoughtthat ginger root by some magical power couldimprove the memory. Eggs were thought tomake the voice be pretty. Tomatoes were also be- 3. __ ___ lieved to have magical powers. They were calledlove apples and were supposed to make peoplewho eat them fall in love. 4. __ __ Latter another false idea about tomatoes 5. _ ___ grew up ---- the idea that they were poisonous.How surprising the people who thought tomatoes 6. __ ___ poisonous would be if they could know that mil-lions of tons of tomatoes were supplied to soldiersoverseas at World War II. 7. __ __ Even today there are a good many mistakenIdeas about food. Some of them are very widespread.One such idea is that fish is the best brainFood — that is, it is good to the brain. But no 8. __ ___ One has been able to prove that fish is any betterFor the brain than many other kinds of food.Another such idea is that you should notdrink water with meals. Washing food downwith the water as a substitute for chewing is not a 9. __ ___ good idea, but some water with meals has beenfound to be helpful. It makes the digestive juicesflow more freely and help to digest the food. 10. _ ____ 4) Naturally, some gifts will be most expensive 1. _ ___ than others. But some people give higher pricedgifts than necessary in the situation. Someone 2. ___ who gives an expensive gift often feels that heshould receive more praise than if he had been 3. _ ____ given a less expensive gift. Therefore he is givinghimself a gift, too: status. Or it may be that moneyis being used in place for something much 4. _ ____ more directly, like love and affection. This 5. _ ___ doesn‘t mean that expensive gifts are bad. Itdoes suggest that people who often give themmay be interested in more than the happiness ofthe people who accept them. 6. _ ___ Making something by hand has become the exception in many countries — so much so thatgiving a homemade gift is sometime considered 7. _ ___ extraordinary. If you receive a homemade gift,you are lucky. It may not be made perfect, and it 8. __ __ will show a certain quality of love.People who give homemade gifts may besaid to be very generous. They‘ve given time and emotion, two important characteristics of creativity.No matter whatever the results of the home- 9. __ ___ made gift look like, remember it‘s the thoughtwhich counts. 10. _ ___ 5) Many of the things you take it for granted 1. ___ __ during an ordinary day would no longer be possibleif you could not read. You would miss the basic information you depend on for simple activi-ties — everything from following instruction ona medicine bottle to obey traffic signs. If you 2. _ ___ could not read letters, newspapers, and maga-zines, you will be out of touch with the world 3. _ ____ around you. Your understanding of that worldwould be limited even further without the in-sight provided by stories, poems and novel. 4. _ ___ If you could not write, you would be able to 5. __ ___ record information and ideas for other people. In addition, you would lose the personal pleasure of keeping a journal to explore your privatethoughts, creating an imaginative world in a 6. ____ story, or capturing your feelings in the words of apoem or song.Try to imagine what different life would be 7. __ ___ if on one could read and write. The shape of ourentire society would change. Obviously the printingand publishing industry would not exist. Theabsence of reading and writing would effect a 8. _ ___ surprising number of other organizations, includ-ing the automobile industry, the business ma-chine and computer industries, but electronic 9. ____ communication companies.The reason, of course, is that the printingand publishing industry is a very important partof everyone of these organizations. Modern life 10. _ ____ depends on communication, especially written communication.6) In recent years, more and more foreignersare involved in the teaching programs of theUnited States. Both the advantages or the disad- 1. _ ___ vantages of using foreign faculty in teachingpositions has to be considered, of course. It can be 2. _ ____ said that the foreign background that it makes 3. _____ the faculty member from abroad an asset alsocreates problems of adjustment, both for theuniversity and for the individual.The foreign research scholar usual isolates 4. _ ____ himself in the laboratory as a means of protec-tion; however, what he needs is to be fitting into 5. _ ___a highly organized university system quiet differ-6. _ ____ ent from that at home. He is faced in his dailywork with differences in philosophy, arrange-ments of courses and methods of teaching. Boththe visiting professor and his students lack back-round in each other‘s cultures. Some concept ofthat is already in the minds of American students 7. __ ___ is required by the foreign professor. While help-ing him to adapt him to his new environment, the 8. _ ___ university must also make certain adjustments inorder to take full advantage of what newcomercan offer. T his isn‘t always known how to 9. __ ___ make creative use of foreign faculty, especially atsmaller colleges. This is thought to be a fieldwhere father study is called for. The findings of 10. ____ such a study will be of value to colleges and uni-versities with foreign faculty.7) We all know that a magician does not reallydepend on ―magic‖ to perform his tricks, but onhis ability to act at great speed. However thisdoes not prevent us from enjoying watching amagician to produce rabbits from a hat. Probably 1. -- ------ the greatest magician of all time was Harry Hou-dini who died in 1926. Houdini mastered the artof escaping. He could free himself from the tightest knots or the most complicated locks in sec-onds. As no one really knows how he did this, 2. ---- there is no doubt whether he had made a close 3. –--- study of every type of lock ever invented. Hecould carry a small steel needle-like tool strapped 4. ---to his leg and he used this in place of a key.Houdini once asked the Chicago police tolock him in prison. He bound him in chains and 5.--- --- locked him up, but he freed himself in an in-stant. The police accused him for having used a 6. -- --- tool and locked him up again. This time he woreno clothes and there were chains round his neck,waist, wrists and legs; but again he escaped in afew minutes. Houdini had probably hidden his―needle‖ in a waxlike substance and droppedthem on the floor in the passage. As he went 7. –--- past, he stepped on it so that stuck to the bottom 8. –----of his foot. His most famous escape, however,was altogether astonishing. He was heavilychained up and enclosed in an empty woodenchest the lid of that was nailed down. The chest 9. –---- was dropped into the sea in New Your harbour.In one minute Houdini had swum to the surface.When the chest was brought up, it was openedand the chains was found inside. 10. ---8) The first two stages in the development ofcivilized man was probably the invention of 1. –--- primitive weapons and the discovery of fire,although anyone knows exactly when he acquired 2.—---- the use of the latter.The origin of language is also obscure. Nodoubt it began very gradually. Animals have afew cries that serve for signals, but even the 3. –----- highest apes have not been found able to pro-nounce words, even with the most intensive pro-fessional instruction. The superior brain of man is apparently a necessity for the mastering ofspeech. When man became sufficiently intelligent,we must suppose that he gradual increased 4.—---- a number of cries for different purposes. 5.—---- It was a great day when he discovered thatspeech could be used for narrative. There arethose who think that in this respect the picture 6.—---- language preceded oral language.A man could draw a picture on the wall ofhis cave to show to which direction ha had gone, 7. –----or what prey he hoped to catch. Probably picture language developed side by side with oral lan-guage. I am inclined to think that language hasbeen most important single factor in the 8. –---- development of man.Two important stages came not so long ago 9.—---- the dawn of written history. The first was the domestication of animals; the second was agricul-ture. Agriculture was a step in human progress of 10.-- ---- which subsequently there was nothing comparableuntil our own machine age.9) The progresses of forecasting this century 1.--- --- has been mainly in predicting the weather for aday and two ahead, with ever greater attention to 2--- --- detail. The atmosphere is a fluid in three dimen-sions. Not only we know the temperatures, pre- 3.—---- ssures, winds, etc. Near the ground, but it is also necessary for us to know this far into the air 4.--- -- above. Only in this way can we make a thoroughstudy in the atmosphere. 5. –--- Balloon-bearing equipment, the radio- 6.--- --- sponde, permitted a revolutionary advance in theoryand in forecasting technique.Weather maps for most of world can now be 7. –--- drawn every day for levels far into the strato-phere. Thus it was possibly for us to see how 8. -- ---- the well-known basic laws controlling all kinds offluid motion, from ocean currents till water in 9. --- ---- the atmosphere. This does, mathematical equa- 10. -- --- tions were constructed which, if solved, wouldenable us to forecast the future from our knowle-dge of the present.10) In the United Sates today, nearly half of uslive in the areas that we refer to the suburbs. Any 1. -- --- dictionary will define the suburbs as those areas,usually residential, that lay outside cities and 2. --- -- towns. But, for millions of Americans in the lastthirty years, the suburbs have come to meanmany more than that. 3.—---- For those who moved to the developing sub-urbs after the Second World War, they repre-sented an escape of urban congestion to a home 4.--- -- of one‘s own — preferably one with an atta-ched two-cars garage on a little half acre of 5.-- --- tree-shaded land. It also meant daily commuta-tion to work by the railroad or expressway, a 6. --- --- lawn to mow, and a mortgage to pay off over theyears.Nobody approve of life in the suburbs but 7. –--- the people who live there. Urban critics arguethat suburbanities enjoy all the cultural, educa-tional, and commerce advantages that cities offer 8.—--- without paying for them. Farmers worry aboutlosing their farms to controlled suburbansprawl. The suburbs have also been criticizedfor the monotonous same of their design 9.--- --- and for their ability to insulate their inhabitantsfrom the problems of the larger society in where 10.-- --- they live.11) The place of the child in society has variedfor thousands of years and has affected by differ- 1. –---- ent cultures and religions. In ancient times un-wanted children were occasionally abandoned,putting to death, exploited, or offered for reli- 2. -- --- gious sacrifices, and in any event a large percent 3. --- --- of them didn‘t survive their physically hazardous existence to achieve maturity.In Western civilization within the last fewhundred years, there has been many changes in 4. --- --- attitude toward the young. In agricultural Eu-rope, and lately with the beginning of the Indus- 5.-- --- trial Revolution, the children of poor worked long 6. --- -- hours for little or no pay, and there was no public concern for their safety and welfare. Punishment 7. -- --- could be brutal and severe, and sometimes reli-gious passions were expressed violently with aview toward save the child‘s soul. 8.-- -- By the eighteen century the harsh, deter- 9.--- -- ministic, doctrinaire methods began to showsome change. Society slowly accorded children arole of more importance. Books were written ex-pressly for them and gradually laws were past for 10. -- ---- their protection.12) As civilization proceeds to the direction of 1.-- --- technology, it passes the point of supplying allthe basic essentials of life-food, shelter, clothes,and warmth. Then we faced with a choice be- 2. –--- tween technology to provide and fulfillneeds what have hitherto been regarded 3. --- --- as unnecessary or, on the other hand, use tech- 4. -- nology to reduce the number of hours of workwhich a man may do in order to earn a given 5. –--- standard of living. In other words, we either raiseour standard of living above that is necessary for 6. -- --- comfort and happiness or we leave it at this leveland work shorter hours. I shall take it as ax-iomatic (自明的) that mankind has, by thattime, chosen the later alternative. Men will be 7. ---- working shorter and shorter hours in his paid 8. --- employment. It follows that the house wife willalso expect to be able to have much leisure in her 9. --- --- life without lowering her standard of living. It al-so follows that human domestic home servants 10.--- -- will have completely ceased to exist.13) I have often thought it will be a blessing 1. --- -if each human being were stricken blindand deaf for a few days at some time during hisearly grown-up life. Darkness would make him 2. --- -- more appreciative of sight; silence would teachhim the joys of sounds. 3. --- --- Now and then I have tested my seeingfriends to discover what they see. Recently I visi- 4. --- --- ted by a very good friend who had just returnedfrom a long walk in the woods, and I asked herwhat she observed. ―Nothing in particular,‖ she 5. –---- replied. I might have been increduloushad I been accustomed to such responses, for 6. –-- long ago I became convinced that the seeing sees 7. --- --- little.How was it possible, I asked myself, to walkfor an hour through the woods and see nothingworth of note? I who cannot see find hundreds 8.- ---of things to interest me through only touch. I 9.—--feel the delicate symmetry of a leaf. Ipass my hands lovingly about the smooth skin ofa silver birch, or the rough shaggy bark of apine. In spring I touch the branches of treeshopefully in search of a bud, a first sign of awak- 10. –---- ening Nature after her winter‘s sleep.14) Although the United States government didnot foresee and correctly estimate every one of itspost-World War II problems, they showed careful 1. -- --- thought in planning for the readjustment of itsreturning military personnel with civilian life. 2. --- --- The GI(美国军人)Bill of Rights was the major governmental instrument providing by Congress 3. --- -to ease the readjustment. Among other benefits, aperiod of education at any level was offered, itslength depended on the length of the veteran ‗s 4. --- --- military service. As a consequence, returningsoldiers, sailors, marines, and fliers headed toward colleges and universities at the beginning of1946, almost as soon as they could get to home 5. --- --- from a separation centre. The schools responded excellently: Every qualified ex-serviceman en-tered the school of his choose and began his studies. 6. --- --- In many sections of the country a secondaryproblem accompanied the rush for education: student housing. Except tuition and books, the GI 7.-- -- Bill gave an allowance which ranged in the be-ginning from 65 dollars till 105 dollars a month. 8. --- -- The allowance was at best inadequate, even forthe most economic student. There were some for- 9. --- -- tunate enough to be living with his parents. 10.—---- 15) Despite of the fact that Mr. Adison had almost 1. --- --- no formal education, spending only three monthsin school, his mother had taught him to read by 2. –---- quite an early age. Between the ages of nine andtwelve, he read such difficult volumes like 3.---- -- Hume s‘ History of England, The Penny Encyclo-pedia, Gibson‘s Decline and Fall of the RomeEmpire, Muhr‘s Dictionary of the Sciences, andNewton‘s Principia.As a young man, Mr. Edison decided toread all of the books in the Detroit publiclibrary, systematically, shelf after shelf. After fini- 4. –---- shing the first fifteen feet, he decided to recon-sider the task.A few years later, in Cincinnati, his love in 5. --- reading almost cost him his life. Having stayed atthe library until very late, Mr. Edison startedhome with the pile of old magazines on which he 6. –---- had paid the large sum of two dollars. Suspectingthat he must be a thief, a policeman ordered him 7. –----- to stop. But Mr. Edison was too deaf to hear order. 8. –---- The policeman shot, but missed.In addition to the electric light, ThomasEdison is known as inventing the phonograph 9. --- --- microphone, mimeograph, electric storage battery,or photographic film. Whenever he was paid 10. –---- for an invention, he used the money for his two loves—more experiments and more books.16) Each nation has its own odd characterwhich distinguishes it to others. But the peoples 1.—---of the world have more points in which they all 2.--- -like each other than points in which they are differ-ent. One type of person that are common in 3.—---- every country is the one who always tries to doas less as he possibly can and to get as much in 4.--- --- return as he can. His opposite, the man who is by 5.—---the habit of doing more than is strictly necessaryand who is ready to accept that is offered in 6. ---- return, is rare everywhere.Both these types are usually not aware oftheir character. The man who avoids effort isalways talking about his ―right‖: he appears tothink that society owns him a pleasant, easy 7.—----life. The man who is always doing more than hisshare talking of ―duties‖: he feels that the indi- 8.—--- vidual is in debt to society, and not society to the individual. As a result of his views, neither of 9.-- --these men thinks that he behaves at all strange. 10.-- --- 17). Not only the elderly, and the young people and 1. --- ----- children under 18 smoke, in order to show theyhave grown up—maybe smoking is a signal of 2. ---- ---- being a grown-up. Therefore smoking has becomea serious social problem.Our government has constantly called at 3. -- ----- people to hold back from smoking. As a result,many have given up smoking. Besides, a lot more 4. ---- - people are joining the ranks of smokers. So it isfar from enough to confine the matter with slo-5. ---- ---- gans. What is necessary is a campaign to give up smoking.First, I suggest, regulations would be made 6. --- ----- to forbid smoking in public places. In many citiessmoking is not allowed in cinemas or theatres.Smokers have to abide by it, or they will befined. Why can‘t we keep this as a good example7. --- ---- to develop it in other public places as on thetrains, the offices, hotels and so on? 8. ------ Secondly, stricter measures are taken to im- 9. -- --- pose a tax on smokers for causing pollution. Inother words, we will continue the fight againstsmoking in the hope which one day smokers will 10. ----- fully realize the health dangers they face.18) In England the weather is always constantly 1. --- ---- changing . We never know what to expect. If youwere in a country that the weather does not 2. ---- --- change much, it would be difficult to say muchabout it. But you asked whether we talk about 3. --- ----- the weather to strangers. This is an interestingquestion. It is because the weather is a subjectquite safe to talk. It is a way of reaching agree- 4. ---- --- ment. I begin by asking, ―A cold morning, is it?‖ 5. --- ---- The other man says, ―It certainly is. ‖ I say, ―Ithas been cold whole week,‖ and the other man 6. --- ----- says, ―Y es, we are having a very cold spring.‖ Sofar we have agreed about everything. When wehave changed remarks on subjects of this kind, 7. ---- ---- on which there can be no disagreement, we arebeginning to feel friendly. If we have started 8. --- ----- with subjects on which disagreement was possi-ble, politics, for example, we might not have be-come friendly. Language isn‘t used only for giv-ing or asking information. Therefore, remarks 9. –---- about the weather are a safe way to opening 10.---- ---- communication with a stranger.19) I had spent my last day in London visitingfriends, taking pictures, and did some last-minute 1. -- ----- shopping. Among other things I had boughtsome presents: a short for my brother, a woolenblanket for my sister, and a battery-powering 2. --- ----- alarm clock for my father.After traveling in a crowded bus and waited 3. ---- ---in the noisy airport building, I was glad to be sit-ting in the plane at last. In a few minutes nowwe would be asked to fasten our seat belts andstop smoking, and then we would soon be up on 4. -- ----- the sky on our flight to Berlin.But I had been mistaken. Ten minutes late, 5. -- ------ instead of enjoying the beauty of the evening skyfrom high above the clouds, I was sitting in asmoke-filled room with an airline official and apolice officer at my side. On the table in the front 6. --- ----- of me was one of my suitcases.The officials were very polite. They askedme to show them my passport, my ticket, and mybaggage check. Then I requested to open the 7. –------ suitcase and to spread out its contents on the table.I did as I was told. The moment when I 8. --- ----- place the alarm o‘clock on the table, the two offi-cials looked at each other and smiled.Hearing the o‘clock ticking away merrily, Isuddenly understood. Someone have heard the 9. -- ---- ticking noise coming from my suitcase andthought there was a time bomb hiding in it. 10. -- ----- 20) Men sometimes say: ―we are better andclever than women. Women never invent things. 1. --- ---- We do.‖ It is true men have invented a lot of 2. -- ---- useful things: the alphabet, machines, rockets,and using guns, too. But Scientists and archeolo- 3. --- ----- gists now agree that women invented one veryimportant thing. It has changed history. They in-vented agriculture. Before invention of agricul- 4. ---- ---- ture men were hunters. They went out everyday. Sometimes they killed animals — some-times animals killed them. Life was difficult and dangerous. Women had to go out daily every 5. --- ----- day, too. They collected roots, fruit and grasses.Then one day, more than 10,000 years before, a 6. –------ woman dropped some grass seeds. She droppedthem near her home in the Middle East. It 7. ---- ---- grew –--and the first wheat was born. The ideagrew, too. Women planted roots and fruit trees.Then they could stay at home and look for the 8. --- ----- children, and the animals. Women kept thefirst domestic animals: dogs, cows, sheeps and 9. ------ goats. That idea grew, too. Then their husbandsdid not have to go hunting for meat. They stayedat homes. They built villages and cities. Civiliza- 10. ---- ---- tion began. Men began civilization –--afterwomen invented agriculture.21) For years, children in the industrial area of 1. -- ----- Europe and America seldom left their smokycities to see the beauties of the countryside. Notthat the woods and fields were always far away,yet they were too far from the city to permit 2. -- ---- people to make a round trip between morningand nightfall. What is more, factory workers didnot have enough money to send their children off 3. --- ---- country holidays away from home.In 1907, a young German schoolmaster hadan idea which changed this state of affairs. Hedecided to turn his little schoolhouse to a domito- 4. --- ----- ry for the summer holidays. Anyone who broughthis sleep bag and cooking equipment along could 5. --- ---- stay there for a very small number of money. The 6. ---- ---- idea was a success. A few years later, the school-house was far too small to hold the many youngpeople who wanted to stay there. Besides, a dor- 7. --- ----- mitory was set up in an old castle nearby. Thiswas the first Youth Hostel.Today, young students and workers of everycountry can meet in the hostels and getting to 8. --- ---- know each other. Some spend a week or more inthe same hostel, seeing the surroundings sightsand meeting the people of the area. Other youthsgo on foot and by bicycle from place to place, 9. –------ spending a night or two in one hostel, then goingon to next. 10. ---- ---- 22) Here is your weekend guide to what is going 1. --- ----- at the University of Colorado… And it is a goodweekend for basketball. The Colorado Buffaloeswill, play with the Oklahoma Sooners Friday 2. ---- ---- night at Oklahoma, and we will return 3. --- --- home to face the Nebraska Cornhuskers Saturdaynight on the University of Colorado court. TheBuffaloes are expecting to win both games. Fans, 4. ---- --- tickets are available from the ticket office at thesports area.There are also a few tickets available on the 5. ---- --- Saturday night concert by Walter Murphy and。