原子核物理专业词汇中英文对照表

（完整版）原子核物理专业词汇中英文对照表原子核物理专业词汇中英文对照表absorption cross-section 吸收截面activity radioactivity 放射性活度activity 活度adiabatic approximation 浸渐近似allowed transition 容许跃迁angular correlation 角关联angular distribution 角分布angular-momentum conservation 角动量守恒anisotropy 各项异性度annihilation radiation 湮没辐射anomalous magnetic moment 反常极矩anti neutrino 反中微子antiparticle 反粒子artificial radioactivity 人工放射性atomic mass unit 原子质量单位atomic mass 原子质量atomic nucleus 原子核Auger electron 俄歇电子bag model 口袋模型baryon number 重子数baryon 重子binary fission 二分裂变binging energy 结合能black hole 黑洞bombarding particle 轰击粒子bottom quark 底夸克branching ration 分支比bremsstrahlung 轫致辐射cascade radiation 级联辐射cascade transition 级联跃迁centrifugal barrier 离心势垒chain reaction 链式反应characteristic X-ray 特征X射线Cherenkov counter 切连科夫计数器collective model 集体模型collective rotation 集体转动collective vibration 集体振动color charge 色荷complete fusion reaction 全熔合反应complex potential 复势compound-nucleus decay 复合核衰变compound-nucleus model 复合核模型compound nucleus 复合核Compton effect 康普顿效应Compton electron 康普顿电子Compton scattering 康普顿散射conservation law 守恒定律controlled thermonuclear fusion 受控热核聚变cosmic ray 宇宙射线Coulomb barrier 库仑势垒Coulomb energy 库伦能Coulomb excitation 库仑激发CPT theorem CPT定理critical angular momentum 临界角动量critical distance 临界距离critical mass 临界质量critical volume 临界体积damped oscillations 阻尼震荡damped vibration 阻尼震荡damped wave 阻尼波damper 减震器damping factor 衰减系数damping 衰减的damp proof 防潮的damp 湿气danger coefficient 危险系数danger dose 危险剂量danger range 危险距离danger signal 危险信号data acquisition and processing system 数据获得和处理系统data base 数据库data communication 数据通信data processing 数据处理data 数据dating 测定年代daughter atom 子体原子daughter element 子体元素daughter nuclear 子核daughter nucleus 子体核daughter nuclide 子体核素daughter 蜕变产物dd reaction dd反应deactivation 去活化dead band 不灵敏区dead time correction 死时间校正dead time 失灵时间deaerate 除气deaeration 除气deaerator 除气器空气分离器deaquation 脱水debris activity 碎片放射性debris 碎片de broglie equation 德布罗意方程de broglie frequency 德布罗意频率de broglie relation 德布罗意方程de broglie wavelength 德布罗意波长de broglie wave 德布罗意波debye radius 德拜半径debye temperature 德拜温度decade counter tube 十进计数管decade counting circuit 十进制计数电路decade counting tube 十进管decade scaler 十进位定标器decagram 十克decalescence 相变吸热decalescent point 金属突然吸热温度decarburization 脱碳decascaler 十进制定标器decatron 十进计数管decay chain 衰变链decay coefficient 衰变常数decay constant 衰变常数decay constant 衰变常量decay energy 衰变能decay factor 衰变常数decay fraction 衰变分支比decay heat removal system 衰变热去除系统decay heat 衰变热decay kinematics 衰变运动学decay out 完全衰变decay period 冷却周期decay power 衰减功率decay rate 衰变速度decay scheme 衰变纲图decay series 放射系decay storage 衰变贮存decay table 衰变表decay time 衰变时间decay 衰减decelerate 减速deceleration 减速decigram 分克decimeter wave 分米波decommissioning 退役decompose 分解decomposition temperature 分解温度decomposition 化学分解decontaminability 可去污性decontamination area 去污区decontamination factor 去污因子decontamination index 去污指数decontamination 净化decoupled band 分离带decoupling 去耦解开decrease 衰减decrement 减少率deep dose equivalent index 深部剂量当量指标deep inelastic reaction 深度非弹性反应deep irradiation 深部辐照deep therapy 深部疗de excitation 去激发de exemption 去免除defectoscope 探伤仪defect 缺陷definition 分辨deflecting coil 偏转线圈deflector 偏转装置deformation energy 变形能deformation of irradiated graphite 辐照过石墨变形deformation parameter 形变参量deformation 变形deformed nucleus 变形核deformed region 变形区域deform 变形degassing 脱气degas 除气degeneracy 简并degenerate configuration 退化位形degenerate gas 简并气体degenerate level 简并能级degenerate state 简并态degeneration 简并degradation of energy 能量散逸degradation 软化degraded spectrum 软化谱degree of acidity 酸度degree of burn up 燃耗度degree of purity 纯度dehumidify 减湿dehydrating agent 脱水剂dehydration 脱水deionization rate 消电离率deionization time 消电离时间deionization 消电离delay circuit 延迟电路delayed alpha particles 缓发粒子delayed neutron 缓发中子delayed proton 缓发质子deliquescence 潮解deliquescent 潮解的demagnetization 去磁denitration 脱硝density gradient instability 密度梯度不稳定性density of electrons 电子密度deoxidation 脱氧deoxidization 脱氧departure from nucleate boiling ratio 偏离泡核沸腾比departure from nucleate boiling 偏离泡核沸腾depleted fuel 贫化燃料deposit dose 地面沉降物剂量deposited activity 沉积的放射性deposition 沉积deposit 沉淀depression 减压depressurization accident 失压事故depressurizing system 降压系统desalinization 脱盐desalting 脱盐descendant 后代desorption 解吸detailed balance principle 细致平衡原理detection of radiation 辐射线的探测detonation 爆炸deuteride 氘化物deuterium alpha reaction 氘反应deuterium 重氢deuton 氘核deviation 偏差dew point 露点dextro rotatory 右旋的diagnostic radiology 诊断放射学diagnostics 诊断diagram 线图diamagnetism 反磁性diameter 直径diamond 稳定区;金刚石diaphragm 薄膜diatomic gas 双原子气体diatomic molecule 二原子分子dielectric 电介质differential control rod worth 控制棒微分价值differential cross section 微分截面diffraction spectrometer 衍射谱仪diffraction spectrum 衍射光谱diffraction 衍射diffuse 扩散diffusion stack 务马堆diffusion theory 扩散理论diffusion time 扩散时间diffusion 扩散dilution 稀释dipole 偶极子dirac equation 狄拉克方程direction 方向discharge 放电discrete 离散的disintegrate 蜕衰disintegration 蜕变dislocation 位错disorder 无序dispersion 分散displacement current 位移电流displace 位移;代替dissociation 离解dissolution 溶解distillation 蒸馏distortion 畸变divergence 发散domain 磁畴Dopper effect 多普勒效应dose albedo 剂量反照率dose build up factor 剂量积累因子dose equivalent 剂量当量dose rate 剂量率dose 剂量down quark 下夸克dry out 烧干duality 二重性duct 管dysprosium 镝endothermic reaction 吸能反应energy conservation 能量守恒even-even nucleus 偶偶核exchange force 交换力excited state 激发态exothermic reaction 放能反应exposure 照射量fatigue 疲劳feedback 反馈fermi age 费米年龄fermion 费米子fermium 镄fermi 费米Feynman diagram 费恩曼图field theory 场论fine structure 精细结构fissile 分裂的fissionable 分裂的fission barrier 裂变势垒fission fragment 裂变碎片fission product yield 裂变产额fission product 裂变产物flattening of neutron flux 中子通量展平fluorescent x rays 荧光x射线fluorine 氟flux 通量forbidden band 禁带force 力francium 钫free electron 自由电子free energy 自由能frenkel defect 弗兰克尔缺陷frictional force 摩擦力fuel assembly grid 燃料集合体栅格fuel assembly 核燃料组件fuel cell 燃料电池fuel depletion 燃料贫化fuel reprocessing 燃料后处理function 函数fusion 核聚变galaxy 星系Gamow-Teller interaction G-T相互作用gauge boson 规范波色子gauge field theory 规范场论Geiger-Mǖller counter 盖革-米勒计数器Geiger-Nuttal law 盖革-努塔尔定律geometrical cross-section 几何截面germanium detector 锗探测器giant resonance 巨共振gluon 胶子grid ionization chamber 屏栅电离室hadron 强子heavy ion 重离子helicity 螺旋性Higgs particle 希格斯粒子Hubble constant 哈勃常量Hubble law 哈勃定理incoming channel 入射道incoming particle 入射粒子independent-particle model 独立粒子模型induced fission 诱发裂变inelastic collision 非弹性碰撞inelastic scattering 非弹性散射inertial confinement 惯性约束internal conversion 内转换intrinsic electric quadrupole moment 内禀电四极矩intrinsic parity 內禀宇称island of isomerism 同核异能素岛island of stability 稳定岛isobaric spin,isospin 同位旋isobar 同量异位素isomer 同核异能素isospin analog state 同位旋相似态isospin multiplet 同位旋多重态isotone 同中异位素isotope 同位素j j coupling j j耦合joule heat 焦耳热jump function 阶跃函数junction particle detector 结型粒子探测器kerma rate 比释动能率kerma 柯玛kernel approximation method 核近似法kernel function 核函数kernel 核kerr cell 克尔盒kerr effect 克尔效应kevatron 千电子伏级加速器key measurement point 关键测量点k factor 增殖系数kinetic theory of gases 气体运动论kirchhoff's radiation law 基尔霍夫辐射定律klein gordon equation 克莱因戈登方程klein nishina formula 克莱因仁科公式knight shift 奈特移位knocking out 原子位移knock on atom 撞出原子knock on 撞击撞出krypton 氪k shell k 层Kurie plot 库里厄图labeled 示踪的labile 不稳定的lag 延迟laminar flow 层流lande g factor 朗德因子lanthanides 镧系lanthanum 镧laplace's operator 拉普拉斯算符laplacian 拉普拉斯算符larmor frequency 回旋频率laser cooling 激光冷却laser enrichment process 激光浓缩法laser isotope separation method 激光同位素分离法laser pulse 激光脉冲laser 激光latent energy 潜能lattice cell 栅元lattice constant 晶格常数lattice defect 点阵缺陷lattice energy 晶格能量lattice parameter 晶格常数lattice 格子laue photograph 劳厄照相lawrencium 铹Lawson criterion 劳森判据lead 铅lepton 轻子level 能级liberation 游离limit 极限liquid metal 液态金属liquid model 液体模型liquid phase 液相lithium 锂load 负荷lorentz force 洛伦兹力lorentz gas 洛伦兹气体lorentz invariance 洛伦兹不变性low activity waste 低放废物lower limit 下限lutetium 镥macroscopic cross section 宏观截面macroscopic state 宏观态magic number 幻数magnesium 镁magnetic dipole 磁偶极子magnetic field 磁场magnetic resonance 磁共振magnetism 磁manganese 锰many body forces 多体力many body problem 多体问题mass abundance 质量丰度mass energy conversion formula 质能换算公式mass excess 质量过剩mass range 质量射程mass spectrometer 质谱仪maximum 最大值maxwell boltzmann distribution 麦克斯韦分布函数mean collision time 平均碰撞时间mean field 平均场mean value 平均值mean 平均melting point 熔点membrane 薄膜memory 存储mendeleev's law 门捷列夫周期律mendelevium 钔mercury 汞meson exchange theory 介子交换理论meson field theory 介子场理论meson 介子meson 介子metamorphose 变形methane 甲烷methanol 甲醇methyl alcohol 甲醇migration 移动mobility 迁移率moderate 减速moderation 减速modulus of elasticity 弹性模数modulus of rigidity 刚性模数modulus of rupture 断裂模数modulus of torsion 扭转模数modulus 刚性模数moisture 湿气molar fraction 克分子分数molecular mass 分子质量molecular orbital 分子轨函数molten salt 熔盐molybdenum 钼monte carlo method 蒙特卡罗法neodymium 钕neon 氖neptunium 镎neutrino 中微子neutron flux 中子通量neutronics 中子物理学neutron 中子nickel 镍niobium 铌nitrogen 氮nobelium 锘nominal value 公称值nuclear fission 核裂变nuclear fission 核裂变nuclear force 核力nuclear fuel 核燃料nuclear spallation 核散裂nucleon 核子nucleus 核nuclide 核素nu factor 每次裂变后的中子产额ood-A nucleus 奇A核ood-ood nucleus 奇奇核optical model 光学模型orbital angular momentum 轨道角动量orbital electron capture 轨道电子俘获pair creation，pair production 对产生pairing correlation 对关联pairing energy 对能parent nucleus 母核parity 宇称partial-wave analysis 分波分析partial-wave cross-section 分波截面particle physics 粒子物理photoelectric effect 光电效应pick-up reaction 拾取反应polarization 极化度potential barrier 势垒prompt neutron 瞬发中子proportional chamber 正比室proton radioactivity 质子放射性proton 质子quark confinement 夸克禁闭quark-gluon plasma 夸克-胶子等离子体quark model 夸克模型quark 夸克radiation damage 辐射损伤radiation dose 辐射剂量radiation protection 辐射防护radiative capture 辐射俘获radioactive dating 放射性鉴年法radioactive equilibrium 放射性平衡radioactive nuclide 放射性核素radioactive series 放射系radioactivity 放射性range 射程reaction channel 反应道reaction cross-section 反应截面reaction energy 反映能reaction product 反应产物reaction yield 反应产额recoilless resonance absorption 无反冲共振吸收residual interaction 剩余相互作用residual nuclease 剩余核resolution 分辨率resolving time 分辨时间resonance cross-section 共振截面resonance energy 共振能量resonance state 共振态rotational energy level 转动能级saddle point 鞍点samarium poisoning 钐中毒samarium 钐scalar 标量scandium 钪scattering 散射scheme 图解Schrodinger equation 薛定谔方程scintillation detector 闪烁探测器scram control 快速停堆控制scram discharge volume 快速停堆排放量scram rod 安全棒selenium 硒self absorption coefficient 自吸收系数self absorption 自吸收self adjoint matrix 自共轭矩阵self adjoint operator 自共轭算子self adjoint 自轭的semiconductor 半导体sensitivity 灵敏度series 系;级数shell model 壳层模型shell structure 壳层结构shim rod 补偿棒shim 补偿shut off rod 安全棒silicon 硅simulation 模拟singularity 奇性slab reactor 平板反应堆slow down 减速slowing down area 慢化面积small angle scattering 小角散射sodium fluoride 氟化钠sodium 钠soft component of cosmic rays 字宙射线的软成分solar cosmic ray 太阳宇宙线solar neutrino 太阳中微子solar x ray 太阳x 射线solenoid 螺旋管solid angle 立体角solid phase 固相solid solution 固溶体soluble 可溶的solute 溶质source data 源数据source strength 源强度space group 空间群space lattice 空间点阵spacing 间距spallation 散裂special relativity 狭义相对论special report 专题报告special theory of relativity 狭义相对论specific activity 比放射性specific binding energy 比结合能specific burn up 比燃耗specific charge 比电荷specific concentration 比浓度specific 比的specimen 试样spectral line 光谱线spectral series 光谱线系spectrum 谱speed 速率spent nuclear material pool 烧过的核材料贮存池sphere 球spherical reactor 球形反应堆spherical wave 球面波spin angular momentum 自旋角动量spin dependent force 自旋相关力spin 自旋splitting of energy levels 能级分裂splitting ratio 分开比spontaneous decay 自发衰变spot 斑sputtering 飞溅square bracket 方括弧stable equilibrium 稳定平衡stainless steel 不锈钢standing wave 驻波stark effect 斯塔克效应statistical error 统计误差statistical fluctuation 统计涨落statistical mechanics 统计力学statistical straggling 统计涨落statistical uncertainty 统计不确定性statistical weight 统计重量statistical 统计的statistic analysis 统计分析statistics 统计学statistics 统计性质steam generator 蒸汽发生器steam void 汽穴steam 蒸汽stefan boltzmann ] constant 斯蒂芬玻尔兹曼常数stern gerlach experiment 斯登盖拉赫实验stochastic process 随机过程stoichiometry 化学计算法stokes'law 斯特克斯定律stopping power 阻止本领strangeness number 奇异数strangeness 奇异性strange particle 奇异粒子strange particle 奇异粒子strange quark 奇异夸克strength function 强度函数strontium 锶structure factor 结构因子subcritical assembly 亚临界装置subcritical 亚临界的subgroup 子群sublimation 升化subprogram 子程序subroutine 子程序subscript 下标subtraction 减法sulfur 硫superconductivity 超导性superconductor 超导体supercooled 过冷的superheated vapor 过热蒸汽superheated 过热的superlattice 超晶格superposition principle 迭加原理superposition 重叠supersaturation 过饱和superscript 上标surface tension 表面张力susceptibility 磁化率suspension colloid 悬浮胶体swelling 膨胀switch 开关symmetry 对称性synchrotron radiation 同步加速辐射synthesis 合成system of atomic units 原子单位制threshold energy 阈能time-of-flight 飞行时间top quark 顶夸克total cross section 总截面track detector 径迹探测器transfer reaction 转移反应transition probability 跃迁概率two-component neutrino theory 二分量中微子理论unclean separation energy 核子分离能unified model 综合模型unique forbidden transition 唯一性禁戒跃迁up quark 上夸克uranium series 铀系vector boson 矢量波色子vibration energy level 振动能级volume energy 体积能weak interaction 弱相互作用yrast line 转晕线yrast state 转晕态。

〔一〕核物理根本概念元素element粒子particle离子ion分子molecule原子atom原子的atomic原子核nucleus (pl. nuclei)核的nuclear质子proton中子neutron电子electron核子nucleon化学性质chemical identity带正电的positively charged带负电的negatively charged不带电的uncharged电中性的electrically neutral〔元素〕周期表periodic table原子序数atomic number质量数mass number轨道电子orbital electron同位素isotope天然存在的naturally occurring人工的artificial化学键chemical bond化合物compound上标superscript下标subscript氧oxygen氢，氕hydrogen重氢，氘heavy hydrogen, deuterium 重氢核，氘核deuterion超重氢，氚tritium碳carbon氦helium放射性的radioactive加权平均weighted mean质量mass动量momentum能量energy单位，机组unit 国际单位制System International, SI 千克kilogram (kg)伏特volt (V)摩尔mole (mol)库仑coulomb电子伏特electron-volt (eV)兆电子伏特mega electron-volt (MeV) 质量亏损mass defect结合能binding energy动能kinetic energy势能potential, potential energy 跃迁jump核力nuclear force排斥repulsion吸引attraction轰击bombardment发射〔出〕emission (n.), emit (v.)能级energy level裂变fission聚变fusion衰变decay钡barium硼boron铋bismuth铀uranium钚plutonium钍thorium锂lithium钠sodium核反响nuclear reaction链式反响chain reaction辐射，射线radiation超铀元素transuranium element可裂变的fissionable易裂变的fissile碎片fragment宏观的macroscopic微观的microscopic介观的mesoscopic激发excite静电的electrostatic库仑力Coulomb force 电磁辐射electromagnetic radiation〔二〕放射性宇宙射线cosmic ray电离ionization韧致辐射bremsstrahlung(brakingradiation)辐射，射线radiation正比于be proportional to 反比于be inversely proportional to 根据经验as a rule of thumbα射线alpha rayβ射线beta rayγ射线gamma ray带电粒子charged particle 光子photon散射scattering衍射diffraction折射deflection碰撞collision铝aluminum铍beryllium氦helium相互作用interaction摄入ingest吸入inhale动能kinetic energy势能potential (energy)量子quantum屏蔽shielding正电子positron加速器accelerator放射性radioactivity湮灭annihilation光电效应photoelectric effect 〔三〕核反响衰减attenuation放大amplification镉cadmium钴cobalt氧oxygen氮nitrogen汞mercury弹性的elastic非弹性的inelastic宏观截面macroscopic cross section 微观截面microscopic cross section 靶恩barn 反冲，反作用recoil平均自由程mean free path转变，转化transmutation扩散diffusion中子扩散neutron diffusion斐克扩散定律Fick’s law of diffusion 通量flux中微子neutrino放射性同位素radioisotope半衰期half-life热核反响堆thermonuclear reactor 化合价valence〔四〕核材料燃料fuel燃料芯块fuel pellet 慢化剂moderator 冷却剂coolant包壳cladding控制棒control rod硼酸boric acid铬chromium铪hafnium钆gadolinium铟indium镁magnesium镍nickel锆zirconium硅silicon重水heavy water石墨graphite碳化物carbide氧化物oxide氧化oxidize二氧化物dioxide二氧化碳carbon dioxide碳氢化合物hydrocarbon密度density热导率，传热系数thermal conductivity比热specific heat粘性viscosity饱和saturation热力性质，热物性thermodynamic property 反响性reactivity 升华sublime中子俘获截面neutron capture crosssection散射截面scattering cross section 辐照损伤radiation damage肿胀swelling燃耗burnup合金alloy镁诺克斯合金Magnox锆合金zircaloy金属间化合物inter-metallic compound 裂变产物fission product裂变碎片fission fragment腐蚀产物corrosion product可燃毒物burnable poison冷轧cold pressing烧结sintering开裂crack蠕变creep增殖材料fertile material增殖比breeding ratio浓缩铀enriched uranium高温气冷堆High TemperatureGas-cooled Reactor(HTGR)〔中子〕通量展平flux-shaping〔五〕核反响堆理论自持的链式反响self-sustaining chainreaction燃料循环fuel cycle临界(a) critical次临界(a) subcritical超临界(a) supercritical临界(n) criticality临界尺寸critical size共振resonance弹性散射碰撞elastic scattering collision 热中子利用系数thermal utilization factor 慢化slow down热中子thermal neutron快中子fast neutron 六氟化物hexafluoride六氟化铀uranium hexafluoride离心工艺centrifuge process气体扩散工艺gaseous diffusion process 换料(v) refuel快中子增殖反响堆，快堆Fast BreedingReactor (FBR)堆芯，活性区core再生区blanket半透膜semi-permeable membrane 旋转spin (过去分词：spun)贫铀depleted uranium热中子反响堆，热堆thermal reactor快堆fast reactor倍增系数multiplication factor〔十〕压水反响堆压水反响堆，压水堆Pressurized WaterReactor (PWR)蒸汽发生器steam generator一次侧primary side二次侧secondary side发电机electrical generator,generator燃料芯块fuel pellet包壳cladding堆芯core给水泵feed(water) pump反响堆〔压力〕容器reactor vessel, pressurevessel硼酸boric acid化学补偿控制chemical shim control 堆坑reactor pit气密的airtight封头head接管，喷嘴nozzle点火区seed再生区blanket用户，业主，业界utility卖主，供给商vendor, supplier制造商manufacturer多重屏障multiple barriers纵深防御defense in depth冗余性redundancy多样性diversity独立性independence包容contain美国机械工程师协会American Society ofMechanical Engineer(ASME)美国核学会American Nuclear Society (ANS) 平安级safety class失效failure平安功能safety function裕度margin反响堆冷却剂系统Reactor Coolant System(RCS)在役检查inservice inspection汽水别离器moisture separator枯燥器steam dryer堆内构件reactor internals反响堆冷却剂泵，主泵reactor coolantpump (RCP), mainpump稳压器pressurizer波动管surge line剖视图sectional view控制棒control rod控制棒组件Control ElementAssembly (CEA)控制棒驱动机构Control Element DriveMechanism (CEDM) 控制棒导向管Control Rod GuideTube (CRGT)上部支撑板upper support plate燃料组件fuel assembly进口接管inlet nozzle出口接管outlet nozzle堆芯吊篮core barrel可燃吸收体burnable absorber管侧tube side壳侧shell side蒸汽管线steam line一次冷却剂primary coolant主蒸汽main steam反响性引入reactivity insertion浓度concentration参考负荷reference load冷却剂平均温度coolant averagetemperature稀释dilution裂变产物fission product积累buildup反响堆调节系统Reactor RegulatingSystem (RRS)〔程序〕整定值programmed value峰值线释热率peak linear heat rate轴向功率分布axial power distribution 方位角azimuthal〔中子通量〕方位角偏差azimuthal tilt偏离泡核沸腾Departure fromNucleate Boiling (DNB) 偏离泡核沸腾比Departure fromNucleate Boiling Ratio(DNBR) 堆内测量系统In-Core Detector System(ICDS)自给能中子探测器Self-Powered NeutronDetector (SPND)信号调理signal conditioning反响堆紧急停堆reactor trip汽机脱扣turbine trip可靠性reliability标准，法规code燃耗burnup〔十一〕反响堆容器与堆内构件环锻件ring-forging锻造forge锻件forging监视surveillance样品，试样specimen安装mount奥氏体的austenitic不锈钢stainless steel法兰flange热电偶thermocouple零延性转变温度nil-ductility transitiontemperature (T NDT)注量率fluence集成中子通量NVT=Total IntegratedNeutron Flux = IntegratedFlux = Fluence = Neutrondensity ⨯ Velocity ⨯ Time【unit】：[n/m3⋅m/s⋅s]=[n/m2]旁通，支路bypass磷phosphorous硫sulfur = sulphur焊weld临界值，限值threshold〔机〕接合，啮合，对位engage凸缘，凸起部，轮毂boss逐渐变细的tapered圆顶dome围板shroud〔十二〕反响堆堆芯与燃料可燃吸收棒burnable absorber rod 蠕变creep栅格lattice中子源neutron source阻力塞plug反响性价值reactivity worth比功率specific power锑antimony镉cadmium锎californium铟indium 陶瓷〔状〕的ceramic 〔机〕间隙clearance污染contaminate 栅格架；电网；网格grid因科镍inconel固有平安性inherent safety 非能动平安passive safety 能动平安active safety套管，套筒sleeve定位格架spacer grid星形架，蜘蛛spider乏燃料spent fuel〔十三〕压水堆冷却剂系统主要设备U形管蒸汽发生器U-tube steam generator 核供汽系统Nuclear Steam SupplySystem (NSSS)一次系统primary system二次系统secondary system主蒸汽main steam汽轮机，透平机械turbine给水与凝汽系统feed and condensate system 热管段，热腿hot leg冷管段，冷腿cold leg堵管裕量tube plugging margin在 情况下in the event of换热器heat exchanger (HX)节热器，省煤器economizer给水feedwater一次进口水室inlet plenum一次进口接管primary inlet nozzle一次出口水室outlet plenum一次出口接管primary outlet nozzle管板tubesheet喷放；〔SG〕排污blowdown上升段riser下降段downcomer满功率full power (FP)额定功率rated power 额定负荷rated load化学和容积控制系统Chemical and VolumeControl System (CVCS) 加热，升温heatup冷却，降温cooldown喷淋管线spray line辅助喷淋管线auxiliary spray line上充泵charging pump上充charge下泄letdown水位water level, level备用的backup过压保护overpressure protection 平安壳内换料水箱In-containmentRefueling Water StorageTank (IRWST)换料水箱Refueling Water StorageTank (RWST)平安阀safety valve卸压阀relief valve全厂断电station blackout (SBO) 〔蒸汽〕干度quality空泡份额void fraction热冲击thermal shock急冷，骤冷quench〔十四〕压水堆系统与平安壳裂变碎片fission fragment轻水反响堆Light Water Reactor(LWR)热机thermal engine原动机prime mover焓enthalpy熵entropy反响feedback热力学第二定律second law of thermo-dynamics 最终热阱ultimate sink一〔次〕回路primary loop二〔次〕回路secondary loop核电厂配套子项Balance of Plant (BOP) 一次压力边界primary pressureboundary隔离阀isolation valve失效failure故障fault, malfuction卡诺效率Carnot efficiency热机效率engine efficiency高温热源，热库hot reservoir低温热源cold reservoir摩擦friction余热排出系统Residual Heat-RemovalSystem (RHRS)换料(n) refueling应急堆芯冷却系统Emergency Core-Cooling System (ECCS) 补水与排水feed and bleed专设平安设施Engineered Safety Feature(ESF)设备冷却水系统Component CoolingSystem止回阀non-return valve蓄压箱accumulator电动阀motor-driven valve气动阀pneumatic valve安注泵safety injection pump 平安壳containment钢筋混凝土reinforced concrete预应力钢筋混凝土prestressed reinforcedconcrete英制压力单位psi = pounds per squareinch英制压力单位〔表压〕psig = pounds persquare inch gauge环形的annular潜热latent heat显热sensible heat氢氧化物hydroxide氢氧化钠sodium hydroxide苛性钠，氢氧化钠caustic启动startup飞射物，导弹missile蒸汽管线steamline平安壳地坑containment sump〔十五〕蒸汽轮机飞轮flywheel叶片，叶栅blade, bucket, vane 功work冲动式汽轮机impulse turbine反动式汽轮机reaction turbine冲动级impulse stage反动级reaction stage反动度degree of reaction 渐缩的converging渐扩的diverging喷嘴，接管nozzle 被称为⋯⋯be referred to as缸体，箱体casing推力thrust拉金lashing除湿moisture removal节流阀stop-throttle valve扭矩torque每秒⋯转rev/s = revolutions persecond每分钟⋯转rpm = revolutions perminute〔十六〕主蒸汽、给水与凝汽系统汽轮发电机turbine generator汽动给水泵turbine driven feedwaterpump蒸汽排放steam dump汽水别离再热器Moisture SeperatorReheater (MSR) 密封蒸汽系统gland steam system 限流器flow restrictor主蒸汽隔离阀main steam isolation valve 机组unit负荷load主蒸汽集管main steam header给水联箱feedwater header给水回热循环regenerative feed heatingcycle磨损wear污垢，结垢fouling装量inventory蒸汽〔旁路〕排放steam dump冷凝器排放condenser steam dump 大气排放atmospheric steam dump 除氧器排放deoxidizer steam dump 电缆electric cable辅助给水系统auxiliary feedwatersystem压差differential pressure,pressure differential,pressure difference增压泵booster pump增压boost pressure吸入口suction凝汽器condenser凝汽器热阱condenser hotwell 给水流量调节阀feed regulating valve 给水调节旁通阀feed regulating bypassvalve疏水drain阶跃变化step change线性〔斜坡〕变化ramp change溢流阀overflow valve工艺汽process steam紧急停堆trip; scram停堆shutdown停堆，停堆期outrage手动地manually自动地automatically质量流率mass flow rate关断阀shutoff valve〔美国〕联邦管理法规CFR = Code ofFederal Regulations 凝结液condensate水头，压头head汽机脱扣〔甩负荷〕turbine trip〔十七〕核电厂运行工艺热process heat公用电网utility grid根底负荷运行base load operation退役的out of service运行因子operation factor负荷因子load factor使用因子，运行因子service factor可利用因子availability技术标准technical specification稳压器汽空间建立draw a pressure steambubble未能紧急停堆的预计瞬变AnticipatedTransient Without Scram(ATWS)未能紧急停堆的预计瞬变AnticipatedTransient Without Trip(ATWT)失电loss of power失流loss of flow辅助喷淋auxiliary spray采样sampling〔美国〕核管会Nuclear RegulatoryCommission (NRC)负荷跟踪load following〔十八〕辐射危害与屏蔽屏蔽shielding核辐射nuclear radiation 发射，发出emit 剂量dose剂量率dose rate保健物理health physics天然本底辐射natural background radiation 轰击bombardment地壳the earth’s crust〔放射性〕坠尘fallout职业照射occupational exposure放射性流出物radioactive effluent幸存者survivor辐射防护radiological protection国际辐射防护委员会InternationalCommission on RadiologicalProtection (ICRP)合理可行尽量低As Low As ReasonablyAchievable (ALARA)希弗Sivert急性的acute慢性的delayed 辐射病radiation sickness吸入inhalation摄入ingestion食物链food chain权重因子weighting factor活化产物activation product生物屏蔽biological shield氡radon氪krypton钋polonium钾potassium铋bismuth稀有气体noble gas残骸debris征兆symptom谱spectrum (pl. spectra)〔十九〕核平安核平安nuclear safety过热overheating裂变速率fission rate缓发中子delayed neutron瞬发中子prompt neutron后果consequence破裂rupture置信度confidence负温度系数negative temperaturecoefficient事故accident堆年reactor-year快堆fast reactor热堆thermal reactor失效平安fail safe三哩岛事故Three Mile Island accident(TMI accident)切尔诺贝利事故Chernobyl accident设计基准事故Design Basis Accident (DBA) 严重事故severe accident熔融meltdown多普勒展宽Doppler broadening反响性引入事故Reactivity InsertionAccident (RIA)冷却剂丧失事故，失水事故Loss-Of-Coolant Accident(LOCA)自动保护系统Automatic Protective System(APS)居里〔活度单位〕Curie瞬发临界prompt critical蒸汽发生器传热管破裂Steam GeneratorTube Rapture (SGTR)确定性平安分析deterministic safetyanalysis概率平安分析Probabilistic SafetyAssessment (PSA)。

科学英语词汇大全掌握科学领域的专业术语科学领域的英语词汇是科研、学术交流、文献阅读和合作交流中必不可少的一部分。

掌握科学英语词汇不仅可以提高科学领域的交流效率，还有助于拓宽学术视野。

本文将为大家提供一份科学英语词汇大全，以便广大科学工作者更好地理解和运用专业术语。

一、物理学词汇1. Atom - 原子2. Nucleus - 原子核3. Electron - 电子4. Proton - 质子5. Neutron - 中子6. Particle - 粒子7. Force - 力8. Energy - 能量9. Mass - 质量10. Motion - 运动11. Gravity - 重力12. Velocity - 速度13. Acceleration - 加速度14. Quantum - 量子15. Nuclear - 核能的16. Electromagnetic - 电磁的17. Photon - 光子18. Spectrum - 光谱19. Wave - 波动20. Oscillation - 振荡二、化学词汇1. Element - 元素2. Compound - 化合物3. Molecule - 分子4. Reaction - 反应5. Catalyst - 催化剂6. Acid - 酸7. Base - 碱8. pH - 酸碱度9. Solvent - 溶剂10. Soluble - 可溶的11. Insoluble - 不溶的12. Bond - 键13. Covalent - 共价的14. Ionic - 离子的15. Oxidation - 氧化16. Reduction - 还原17. Electrolyte - 电解质18. Polymer - 聚合物19. Carbohydrate - 碳水化合物20. Protein - 蛋白质三、生物学词汇1. Cell - 细胞2. DNA - 脱氧核糖核酸3. RNA - 核糖核酸4. Gene - 基因5. Chromosome - 染色体6. Mutation - 突变7. Evolution - 进化8. Species - 物种9. Ecosystem - 生态系统10. Photosynthesis - 光合作用11. Respiration - 呼吸作用12. Reproduction - 繁殖13. Organism - 有机体14. Biotechnology - 生物技术15. Genetics - 遗传学16. Immunity - 免疫力17. Ecology - 生态学18. Biodiversity - 生物多样性19. Microorganism - 微生物20. Physiology - 生理学四、地球科学词汇1. Geology - 地质学2. Geography - 地理学3. Plate tectonics - 板块构造4. Volcano - 火山5. Earthquake - 地震6. Erosion - 侵蚀7. Weathering - 风化8. Climate - 气候9. Atmosphere - 大气10. Ozone - 臭氧11. Glacier - 冰川12. Fossil - 化石13. Oceanography - 海洋学14. Coral reef - 珊瑚礁15. Tsunami - 海啸16. Ecology - 生态学17. Biodiversity - 生物多样性18. Meteorology - 气象学19. Soil - 土壤20. Paleontology - 古生物学五、医学词汇1. Anatomy - 解剖学2. Physiology - 生理学3. Disease - 疾病4. Cell - 细胞5. Tissue - 组织6. Organ - 器官7. Virus - 病毒8. Bacteria - 细菌9. Infection - 感染10. Immunity - 免疫力11. Vaccination - 疫苗接种12. Epidemic - 流行病13. Diagnosis - 诊断14. Treatment - 治疗15. Surgery - 手术16. Therapy - 治疗法17. Patient - 患者18. Symptom - 症状19. Prescription - 处方20. Pharmaceutical - 制药的以上是科学领域常用的英语词汇，掌握这些专业术语，有助于提高科学交流的效率和准确性，也能更好地理解和阅读国际学术文献。

目录反应堆：Nuclear Reactor (2)堆芯：core (3)核燃料：fuel (3)燃料元件：fuel element (6)燃料组件：fuel assembly (6)乏燃：spent fuel (6)主管道：main pipe (6)主屏蔽：main shield (6)反射屏蔽：reflective enclosure (7)压力容器：pressure vessel (7)冷却剂：coolant (7)控制棒：control rod (7)控制棒组件：control rod assembly (8)非能动安全系统：passive safety system (8)稳压器：pressurizer (8)生物屏蔽：Biological shielding (8)人孔：manhole (8)反应堆：Nuclear Reactor反应堆，又称为原子能反应堆或反应堆，是能维持可控自持链式核裂变反应，以实现核能利用的装置。

核反应堆通过合理布置核燃料，使得在无需补加中子源的条件下能在其中发生自持链式核裂变过程。

反应堆这一术语应覆盖裂变堆、聚变堆、裂变聚变混合堆，但一般情况下仅指裂变堆。

按照冷却方式分类可分为以下几类:气冷快堆气冷快堆（gas-cooled fast reactor,GFR）系统是快中子谱氦冷反应堆，采用闭式燃料循环，燃料可选择复合陶瓷燃料。

它采用直接循环氦气轮机发电，或采用其工艺热进行氢的热化学生产。

通过综合利用快中子谱与锕系元素的完全再循环，GFR能将长寿命放射性废物的产生量降到最低。

此外，其快中子谱还能利用现有的裂变材料和可转换材料（包括贫铀）。

参考反应堆是288兆瓦的氦冷系统，出口温度为850℃。

液态金属冷却快堆铅合金液态金属冷却快堆(lead-cooled fast reactor,LFR)系统是快中子谱铅（铅/铋共晶）液态金属冷却堆，采用闭式燃料循环，以实现可转换铀的有效转化，并控制锕系元素。

核工程专业英语词汇(整理版)本文档旨在整理核工程专业常用的英语词汇，以帮助读者更好地理解和运用相关领域的英语术语。

1. Nuclear engineering - 核工程2. Nuclear power plant - 核电站3. Reactor - 反应堆4. Nuclear n - 核裂变5. Nuclear n - 核聚变6. active - 放射性的7. e - 同位素8. Criticality - 临界性9. n - 辐射10. n - 污染11. active waste - 放射性废物12. Shielding - 屏蔽13. n dose - 辐射剂量14. Nuclear safety - 核安全15. Emergency preparedness - 应急准备17. Nuclear fuel - 核燃料18. Nuclear ___ - 核燃料循环19. ___ - 核废物处理20. Nuclear n - 核能监管21. ___ - 核扩散22. Nuclear accident - 核事故23. Nuclear security - 核安全24. Nuclear medicine - 核医学25. logy - 放射科学26. Nuclear physics - 核物理学27. ___ - 核能28. Neutron - 中子29. Gamma ray - 伽玛射线30. Alpha particle - 阿尔法粒子以上为部分核工程专业英语词汇，希望能对您有所帮助。

如需进一步了解相关术语和概念，请参考专业教材或相关文献。

核医学常用英文名词缩写及英汉对照表Aaccelerator 加速器activity concentration 放射性浓度activity ratio 活度比akinesis 无运动alpha decay α衰变alpha fetoprotein (AFP) 甲种胎儿蛋白alpha particle α粒子annihilation radiation 湮没辐射anterior view (ANT) 前位applicator 敷贴器articular imaging 关节显像atomic nucleus 原子核atomic nucleus fission 原子核裂变atomic number 原子序数autoradiogram 放射自显影图像autoradiograph 放射自显影Bbackground 本底background count 本底计数bacquerel(Bq) 贝可勒尔（贝可）beta de cay β衰变biological effect 生物效应biological half life 生物半衰期blood pool imaging 血池显像bolus 弹丸bone imaging 骨显像bone marrow imaging 骨髓显像brain imaging 脑显像bremsstrahlung 韧致辐射Ccapture 俘获carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) 癌胚抗原cardiac blood pool imaging 心血池显像cardiac index (CI) 心指数cerebral blood flow (CBF) 脑血流量cerebral imaging 脑显像cerebral radionuclide angiography 放射性核素脑血管显像cerebral spinal fluid imaging 脑脊髓液显像circumferential profile analysis 圆周剖面分析法cisternography 脑池显像clinical nuclear medicine 临床核医学cold nodule 冷结节collimator 准直器competitive protein binding assay (CPBA) 竞争性蛋白结合分析法competitive radioassay 竞争性分析competitive radioligand binding assay 竞争放射性配体结合分析法computed tomography(CT) 计算机断层cool nodule 凉结节counter 计数器count ratio 计数比值法counts per minute (cpm) 每分钟计数counts per second (cps) 每秒计数cyclotron 回旋加速器Ddecay 衰变decay per minute (dpm) 每分钟衰变detector 探测器developer 显影剂dose equivalent 剂量当量dose rate 剂量率double antibody radioimmunoassay 双抗体放射免疫分析法double antibody solid phase assay 双抗体固相分析法doughnut sign 炸面圈征dynamic imaging 动态显像dyskinesis 反向运动Eeffective renal plasma flow (ERPF) 有效肾血浆流量ejection fraction (EF) 射血分数electron capture (EC) 电子俘获emission 发射emission computerized tomography (ECT) 发射型计算机断层end-diastolic volume (EDV) 舒张末期容量end-systolic volume (ESV) 收缩末期容量excitation 激发exercise stress test 运动负荷试验exposure 照射量external irradiation 外照射Ffilling 灌注film 胶片filtration fraction （FF）滤过分数flare phenomenon 闪烁现象functional image 功能显像Ggamma camera γ照相机gastric imaging 胃显像gated cardiac blood pool imaging 门控心血池显像generator 发生器glomerular filtration rate (GFR) 肾小球滤过率Hhalf life 半衰期hapten 半抗体hepatic artery perfusion imaging 肝动脉灌注显像hepatic blood pool imaging 肝血池显像hepatobiliary imaging 肝胆显像horizontal long axis slices 水平长轴断层影像hot nodule 热结节hypokinesis 运动低下Iimage 显像imaging 显像imaging agent 显像剂infarct-avid myocardial imaging 急性心肌梗死灶显像inflammation imaging 炎症灶显像internal conversion 内转换internal irradiation 内照射in vitro 体外interventional test 介入试验in vivo 体内ionization 电离ionization density 电离密度ionizing radiation 电离辐射irradiation 照射isomer 同质异能素isotope 同位素Lleft anterior oblique (LAO) 左前斜位left lateral (LL) 左侧位left posterior oblique(LPO) 左后斜位ligand 配体liver imaging 肝显像lung perfusion imaging 肺血流灌注显像lung ventilation imaging 肺通气显像lung carcinoma imaging 肺肿瘤显像luxury perfusion 过度灌注lympha imaging 淋巴显像lymphoma imaging 淋巴瘤显像Mmass number 质量数molecular nuclear medicine 分子核医学multiphase imaging 多相显像myocardial perfusion imaging 心肌灌注显像Nneutron 中子neutron activation analysis (NAA) 中子活化分析normal 正常nuclear cardiac angiography 核素心血管显像nuclear cerebral angiography 核素脑血管显像nuclear medicine 核医学nucleon 核子nucleus 原子核nuclide 核素Pparathyroid 甲状旁腺显像particle 粒子peak ejection rate (PER) 高峰射血率peak filling rate (PFR) 高峰充盈率perchlorote discharge test 过氯酸盐释放试验permissible dose 容许剂量permissible exposure dose 容许照射剂量phase analysis 时相分析phase cine 时相电影phase histogram 时相直方图phase image 时相图phase shift 相角程photoelectric effect 光电效应physical half-life 物理半衰期planar imaging 平面显像polar bull-eye plot 极坐标靶心图positron emission computed tomography (PET) 正电子发射计算机断层仪positive imaging 阳性显像posterior view (POST) 后位probe 探头protection 防护proton 质子pulmonary blood flow 肺血流量pulmonary perfusion imaging 肺血流灌注显像Qquality contron 质量控制Rradiation biology 放射生物学radioactive contamination 放射性污染radioactive element 放射性元素radioactive half-life 放射性半衰期radioactive isotope 放射性同位素radioactive renogram 放射性肾图radioactive tracer 放射性示踪剂radioactive waste 放射性废物radioactivity 放射性活度radioassay 放射分析radioautography 放射自显影radiobiology 放射生物学radioimmunoassay 放射免疫分析radioimmunoimaging 放射免疫显像radioimmunotherapy 放射免疫治疗radioligand assay 放射配体分析radionuclide 放射性核素radionuclide imaging 放射性核素显像radionuclide cardiac angiography 放射性核素心血管造影radionuclide cerebral angiography 放射性核素脑血管造影radionuclide cystography 放射性核素膀胱造影radionuclide generator 放射性核素发生器radionuclide lower limbs venography 放射性核素双下肢静脉造影radiopharmaceutical 放射性药物radioreceptor assay (RRA) 放射受体分析radiorenogram 放射性肾图radius shortening 轴缩短率receptor 受体region of interest (ROI) 感兴趣区regional cerebral blood flow tomography 局部脑血流断层显像regional wall motion 局部室壁运动renal dynamic imaging 肾动态显像renal static imaging 肾静态显像renogram 肾图right anterior oblique (RAO) 右前斜位right lateral (RL) 右侧位right posterior oblique (RPO) 右后斜位Sscanner 扫描机scatter 散射sensitivity 灵敏度shied 屏蔽severt (Sv) 希沃特short axis slices 短轴断层影像single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) 单光子发射型计算机断层solid phase radioimmunoassay 固相放射免疫分析space 区，空间space occupying lesion 占位性病变specific activity 比活度specificity 特异性spleen imaging 脾显像stability 稳定性stable nuclide 稳定核素stroke volume (SV) 心脏每搏量super-bone scan 超级骨显像synchrotron 同步加速器Tthyroid hormone suppression test 甲状腺激素抑制试验thyroid imaging 甲状腺显像titer 滴度tomography 断层显像tracer 示踪剂tracer technique 示踪技术tumor maker 肿瘤标记物Uuniformity 均匀度unsealed sourer 开放源uptake 摄取Vvertex view 顶位vertical long axis slices 垂直长轴断层影像ventricular volume curve 心室容积曲线Wwarm nodule 温结节waste 废物。

词汇表Chapter-1-wordsmaterial world 物质世界distinguish 区别, 辨别chemical, mechanical, electrical properties 化学、力学、电学性质physical state 物理状态plasma 等离子体apparent 显然的，外观的distinct 截然不同的，独特的diversity 差异, 多样性element 元素bond 结合联结in turn 依次, 轮流arise from 起于basic particle 基本粒子electrons, protons, neutrons 电子、质子、中子internal forces and energy 内力和内能gravitational, electrostatic, electromagnetic, nuclear force 引(重)力、静电力、电磁力、核力ability to do work 做功的本领(能力)stored, released, transformed, transferred, “used” energy 能量的存储、释放、转换、转移、使用entity 实体vice versa 反之亦然review 回顾, 复习recall 回忆, 回想, 记起product (quotient, sum, difference) 乘积(商、和、差)muscles 肌肉object 物体potential (kinetic) energy 势(动)能rest 静止其余Newton’s law 牛顿定律law(theorem, definition) 定律(定义、定理) mass(m), acceleration(a), speed(v) 质量、加速度、速度conservation of energy 能量守恒(conversation 会话；谈话)hydroelectric plant 水电厂turbine 汽轮机，涡轮机electric generator 发电机blade 叶片joule(J) 焦耳friction 摩檫electrical potential difference 电位势charged particles 带电粒子automobile (motor car) 汽车a storage battery 蓄电池mechanical parts 机械部件thermodynamics 热力学specify 详述, 载明inherent 固有的, 天生的convert 转变, 变换petroleum 石油fossil 化石, 远古生物形成的nuclear reaction 核反应intimate 亲密的, 熟悉的, 私人的fission 裂变thermometer 温度计specific heat capacity 比热macroscopic 宏观的microscopic 微观的Celsius scale 摄氏温标Kelvin scale 开氏温标translational motion 平动Boltzmann’s constant 玻尔兹曼常数(K) proportional to 正比于appreciate 估价, 理解inversely proportional to 反比于prefix 前缀,词首（postfix 后缀，词尾）astronomical 天文的,极大的submicroscopic 亚微观的oscillation 振荡,振动transmitter 无线电，电视讯号发送装置X-ray X 射线gamma ray γ射线sophisticate 改进,采用先进技术,完善gasoline 汽油dissociate 分离latent energy 潜能fusion 熔解, 聚变agitation 激发,搅拌theory 理论（experiment 实验）rigor 精确special relativity 狭义相对论rest mass 静止质量impart 给予, 传授startling 令人吃惊的viz. 即consume 消耗, 消费magnitude 大小, 数量, 量级dimensions 尺寸, 尺度, 维(数), 度(数), 元efficient 有效的, 效率高的discrepancy 差异, 矛盾vital 至关重要的, 所必需的long-term 长期survival 幸存, 生存crisis 危机scarce 缺乏的, 稀有的inequitable 不公平的Chapter-2-wordsnature n 诞生(源自拉丁语 nasci) descriptive adj 描述的，起描述作用的analogy n 类似, 类推retain vt 留住；保住identity 完全相同；本身；恒等式carbon monoxide 一氧化碳oxide 氧化物 (iron oxide 氧化铁)dioxide 二氧化物artificially adv. 人工(man-made) atomic number n 原子序数the periodic table of the elements 元素周期表atomic weight 原子量(gram atom 克原子) Avogadro’s number 阿弗加德罗常数turn out v. 打扫, 生产, 制造, 关掉time 乘perfect gas law 理想气体规律(方程) bombardment n 炮击；轰击Maxwell’s gas theory 麦克斯韦气体理论Maxwellian distribution 麦克斯韦分布kinetic theory of gas 气体动力学Deduce v. 推论；推想；演绎Pressure 压力,压强Volume n. 卷, 册, 体积, 量, 大量, 音量Absolute temperature 绝对温度uniform 一致的；同一的；一律的；均匀的Rutherford t n 卢瑟福(物理学家,化学家) crucial adj. 极重要的；有决定性的pave the way for 为…..铺平道路in the form of 以…形式存在Emission n. 散发, 发射, 喷射, 遗精Absorption n 吸收; 专注; 兼并,合并incandescent adj 白热的，白炽的Bohr n 波尔novel n. 小说, adj. 新奇的, 异常的sketched n. 草图, 梗概, vi. v. 勾画equality n 同等；平等centripetal adj 向心的；向心力的centrifugal adj 离心的；离心力的spontaneously adv. 自然地, 本能地integers n 整数(fraction 分数小数) quantum n. 量, 额, [物] 量子, 量子论quantum numbers 量子数radius (radiuses radii) 半径( 直径 diameter ) positive adj. 肯定的, 正的, 阳的negative n. 负数, 底片; adj. 否定的, 负的Shell model 壳层模型discrete adj 离散的；分立的；不连续的continuous 连续的, 持续的outermost or valence shell 外层或化合价层inner shell 内层（outer shell 外层）Laser 激光; 激光器;［雷射］缩自light amplification by stimulated emission of radiationphases 阶段, 状态, 相, 相位使同步stimulate vt. 刺激, 激励in step adv. 步调一致 (in phases) avalanche n, v 雪崩, 纷至沓来other than adv. 不同于, 除了, 而不是axis n. 轴,轴线proceed vi. 进行, 继续下去, 发生coherent adj. 一致的, 相干的crystalline 结晶的,水晶的,晶态,晶体gem n. 宝石, 精华, 被喜爱的人, 美玉ruby n. 红宝石affinity n. 密切关系, 姻亲关系, 亲合力neon n. [化]氖helium n. 氦（化学元素, 符号为He）semiconductor n 半导体(semicircle 半圆) energetic adj. 精力充沛的, 高能的phonograph n. 留声机, vi. 灌入留声机dye n. 染料, 染色 vt. 染 v. 染noise-free 没有(无) 噪声hologram 全息摄影,全息图submarine n 潜艇 adj 海生的；海底的reside 住，居住,（与in连用）存在于thermonuclear adj 核热能的，热核的isotopes n. 同位素hydrogen 氢deuterium 氘，重氢tritium 氚mass number 质量数atomic number 原子序数ground state 基态（excited states 激发态）neutral 中性的，不带电的qualitative adj 性质的；定性的quantitive = quantitative 定量的sodium n 〈化〉钠（元素符号为: Na）uranium n〈化〉铀（元素符号为： U）dimension n. 尺寸, 尺度, 维(数), 度(数) whereas conj. 然而, 反之, 尽管, 但是dense adj. 密集的, 浓厚的range n. 行列, 范围, 射程 vt.排列Appendix n. 附录, 附属品, [解]阑尾label 标签, 商标, 标志 vt. 贴标签于atomic mass unit 原子质单位（原子量）thumb 拇指, 经验方式, 作搭车手势repulsion n. 推斥, 排斥, 严拒, 厌恶, 反驳Chapter-3-wordsradioactivity n 放射性，放射现象disintegration (decay) n. 分裂,衰变mineral n. 矿物,矿石,无机物fiber 纤维；纤维质man-made fiber 人造纤维tissue n 薄纸, 棉纸, [生]组织, 连篇product n. 产品, 产物, 乘积protactinium 镤（Pa）helium 氦（He）thorium 钍（Th）neutrinos n 中微子radium 镭(Ra)polonium, bismuth 钋(Po)、铋(Bi)"chain" of disintegrations 衰变“链”positron n 正电子，阳电子negatron(electron) n. 阴电子species n. 种类, (原)核素intact adj. 完整无缺的, 尚未被人碰过的,half-life 半衰期becquerel (Bq) n. [核]贝可(勒尔) activity 活度curie (Ci) 居里Chapter-4-wordsnuclear processes 核过程nuclear reaction 核反应induce vt. 劝诱, 促使, 导致, 引起, 感应emphasize vt. 强调, 着重 v. 强调transmutation n 变形，变质，嬗变，蜕变Rutherford n. 卢瑟福(物理学家,化学家) counterpart n. 副本,配对物, 对称物readily adv. 乐意地, 欣然, 容易地alchemist n. 炼金术士cobalt n. [化]钴(符号为Co) capture n. 捕获, 战利品 vt. 俘获, 捕获control rods 控制棒omit vt. 省略, 疏忽, 遗漏compound nucleus 复合核recall vt 记起；想起；召回；取回Coulomb n. [电]库仑(电量单位)imagine vt. 想象,设想,以为probe n. 探针, 探测器 vt. 探查, 查明apparent adj. 显然的, 外观上的collision. n. 碰撞, 冲突clarify v. 澄清, 阐明sweep v. 打扫, 清扫, 冲光, 扫过, 掠过perpendicular adj. 垂直的, n. 垂线abbreviated v. 缩写, 缩短, 简化flux [物]流量, 通量random n. adj. adv. 随机,无规则,任意elastic scattering 弹性散射inelastic scattering 非弹性散射classical physics 经典物理predominant 占主导地位的dominant adj. 占优势的, 支配的light elements 轻元素heavy elements 重元素instead adv. 代替, 改为, 抵作, 更换exceedingly adv. 非常地, 极度地barn n. 靶（恩）（核反应截面单位）,农仓diminish v. (使)减少, (使)变小attenuation n. 变薄, 稀薄化, 变细, 衰减incident n. 事件, 事变penetrate vt. 穿透, 渗透, 看穿, 洞察half-thickness 半衰减厚度(half-life 半衰期) quantity n. 量, 数量mean free path 平均自由程the mean life 平均寿命applicable adj. 可适用的, 可应用的deflected v. (使)偏斜, (使)偏转slab n. 厚平板, 厚片, 混凝土路面, 板层infinitesimal adj. 无穷小的 n. 极微量cite vt. 引用, 引证, 提名表扬integral n. [数学] 积分, 完整, 部分consistent adj. 一致的, 调和的resonance n. 共鸣, 谐振, 共振, 共振子boron n. [化]硼logarithmic adj. 对数的 exponential migrate vi. 移动, 移往, 移植immigrate vt. 使移居入境 vi. 移来metal 金属metalloid 非金属Actinium(Ac) 锕Aluminium(Al) 铝Americium(Am) 镅Antimony(Sb) 锑Argon(Ar) 氩Arsenic(As) 砷Astatine(At) 砹Barium(Ba) 钡Berkelium(Bk) 锫Beryllium(Be) 铍Bismuth(Bi) 铋Boron(B) 硼Bromine(Br) 溴Cadmium(Cd) 镉Caesium(Cs) 铯Calcium(Ca) 钙Californium(Cf) 锎Carbon(C) 碳Cerium(Ce) 铈Chlorine(Cl) 氯Chromium(Cr) 铬Cobalt(Co) 钴Copper(Cu) 铜Curium(Cm) 锔Dysprosium(Dy) 镝Einsteinium(Es) 锿Erbium(Er) 铒Europium(Eu) 铕Fermium(Fm) 镄Fluorine(F) 氟Francium(Fr) 钫Gadolinium(Gd) 钆Gallium(Ga) 镓Germanium(Ge) 锗Gold(Au) 金Hafnium(Hf) 铪Helium(He) 氦Holmium(Ho) 钬Hydrogen(H) 氢Indium(In) 铟Iodine(I) 碘Iridium(Ir) 铱Iron(Fe) 铁Krypton(Kr) 氪Lanthanum(La) 镧Lawrencium(Lr) 铹Lead(Pb) 铅Lithium(Li) 锂Lutetium(Lu) 镥Magnesium(Mg) 镁Manganese(Mn) 锰Mendelevium(Md) 钔Mercury(Hg) 汞Molybdenum(Mo) 钼Neodymium(Nd) 钕Neon(Ne) 氖Neptunium(Np) 镎Nickel(Ni) 镍Niobium(Nb) 铌Nitrogen(N) 氮Nobelium(No) 锘Osmium(Os) 锇Oxygen(O) 氧Palladium(Pd) 钯Phosphorus(P) 磷Platinum(Pt) 铂Plutonium(Pu) 钚Polonium(Po) 钋Potassium(K) 钾Praseodymium(Pr) 镨Promethium(Pm) 钷Protactinium(Pa) 镤Radium(Ra) 镭Radon(Rn) 氡Rhenium(Re) 铼Rhodium(Rh) 铑Rubidium(Rb) 铷Ruthenium(Ru) 钌Samarium(Sm) 钐Scandium(Sc) 钪Selenium(Se) 硒Silicon(Si) 硅Silver(Ag) 银Sodium(Na) 钠Strontium(Sr) 锶Sulphur(S) 锍Tantalum(Ta) 钽Technetium(Tc) 锝Tellurium(Te) 碲Terbium(Tb) 铽Thallium(Tl) 铊Thorium(Th) 钍Tin(Sn) 锡Thulium(Tm) 铥Titanium(Ti) 钛Tungsten(W) 钨Uranium(U) 铀Vanadium(V) 钒Xenon(Xe) 氙Ytterbium(Yb) 镱Yttrium(Y) 钇Zinc(Zn) 锌Zirconium(Zr) 锆Chapter-5-wordsembrace vt. 拥抱, 包含, 收买, 信奉origin n. 起源, 出身, 血统, [数]原点accelerator n. 加速者, 加速器cosmic rays n. 宇宙射线reactor n. 反应堆refer to 查阅, 提到, 谈到, 涉及bulk n. 大小, 体积, 大批, 大多数, 散装biological adj. 生物学的distinguish v. 区别, 辨别irradiate v. 照射content n. 内容, adj.满意的, vt. 使满足excitation n. 刺激, 激励, [物]激发, 励磁ionization n. 离子化, 电离fluorescent adj. 荧光的, 莹光的subsequent adj. 后来的, 并发的displace vt. 移置, 转移, 取代, v. 转移resultant adj. 作为结果而发生的, 合成的class n. 班级, 阶级, 种类, vt. 把...分类inner orbits 内层轨道transition n. 转变, 转换, 跃迁, 过渡bremsstrahlung（德语）轫致辐射braking radiation 轫致辐射rule of thumb 单凭经验的方法heavy charged particle 重带电粒子slowing 慢化，减速fragments of fission 裂变碎片massive adj. 厚重的, 大块的, 结实的inertia n. 惯性, 惯量hyperbolic adj. 双曲线的Photon-Electron Scattering 光电散射visualize vt. 形象, 形象化, 想象 vi. 显现stationary 固定的，稳定的Compton effect 康普顿效应Compton scattering 康普顿散射derivation n. 引出, 出处, 词源deduce vt. 推论, 演绎出successive adj. 继承的, 连续的photoelectric effect 光电效应competition n. 竞争, 竞赛dislodges v. 驱逐eliminate vt. 排除, 消除 v. 除去mechanism n. 机械装置, 机制，机理ejection n. 喷出, 排出物outer shell 外层inner shell 内层electron-positron pair production 电子对产生效应in accord with adv. 与...一致opposite adj. 相对的, 相反的, n. 相反的事物reverse n. 相反, 反面, 相反的, 倒转的, vt. 颠倒annihilate vt. 消灭, 歼灭electron-positron pair annihilate正负电子对湮灭total n. 合计 adj. 总的, v. 合计, 总数达consequence n. 结果, 推论, 因果关系component n. 成分 adj. 组成的, 构成的carry over v. 继续, 结转次页, 延期至... attenuation n. 变薄, 稀薄化, 变细, 衰减neutron reaction 中子反应in a position to adv. 能够cell n. 单元, 细胞, 蜂房, 电池tissue n. 薄纱织品, 薄纸, 棉纸, [生]组织, 连篇primary adj. 主要的, 初级的, 原来的, 根源的secondary adj. 次要的, 次级的, 中级的hydrocarbon n. 烃, 碳氢化合物regard A as B 把A视为Bradiation damage n. 辐射损伤recoil n. 后退, 弹回, vi. 弹回, 撤退, 反冲take place v. 发生interest n. 兴趣, 重要性, 影响, 利息tend vi. 趋向, 往往是 vt. 照管, 护理exponential law 指数规律molecular adj. [化]分子的, 由分子组significance n. 意义, 重要性fission 裂变chain reaction n. 连锁反应, 链式反应at present adv. 现在, 目前mechanism n. 机械装置, 机构, 机制byproduct n. 副产品consumption n. 消费, 消费量, 肺病radiative adj. 辐射的notably adv. 显著地, 特别地plutonium n. [化] 钚alternate adj. v. 交替, 轮流, 改变split v. 分裂, 分离 n. 裂开, 裂口sequence n. 次序, 顺序, 序列事物illustrate vt. 举例说明, 图解 vi. 举例approach n. 接近, 走进, 方法, 步骤, 途径, vt.接近excess n. 过度, 剩于, 超额 adj. 过度的, 额外的distortion n. 扭曲, 变形, 曲解, 失真dumbbell n. 哑铃 <美俚> 蠢人, 笨蛋oscillate v. 振荡analogous adj. 类似的, 相似的, 可比拟的dominance n. 优势, 统治bear n. 熊 v. 负担, 忍受, 带给, 具有around adv. 周围, 大约prep. 在...周围resultant adj. 作为结果而发生的, 合成的recoverable adj. 可重获的takes p1ace 发生prompt adj. 敏捷的, 迅速的, 即时的prompt neutrons 瞬发中子give rise to v. 引起, 使发生asterisk n. 星号signifies vt. 表示, 意味 vi. 有重要性ground state 基态on the ground that 基于，由于undergo vt. 经历, 遭受, 忍受terminology n. 术语学fissile adj. 易分裂的, 易裂的, 裂变的fissionable n. 可裂变物质 adj. 可引起核分裂的breed v. 增殖 (使)繁殖, 教养 n. 品种californium n. 锎explanation n. 解释, 解说, 说明, 辩解trigger vt. 引发, 引起, 触发 n. 板机emerge vi. 显现, 浮现, 暴露, 形成sustaining adj. 支持的, 持续的emerge from 自...出现so-called adj. 所谓的, 号称的inherent adj. 固有的, 内在的, 与生俱来的controllability 可控性krypton n. [化] 氪barium n. 钡ordinate n. [数]纵线, 纵座标deficiency n. 缺乏, 不足prominent adj. 卓越的, 显著的, 突出的emanations n. 散发, 发出extract n. 榨出物 vt. 拔出, 榨取, 摘录neodymium n. [化]钕 Ndmoderator n. 缓和剂succession n. 连续, 继承, 轮栽, 连续性extraneous adj. 无关系的, 外来的accounted for v. 说明, 考虑, 解决, 得分ultimately adv. 最后, 终于, 根本, 基本上fuse n. 保险丝, 熔丝 v. 熔合due n. 应得物adj. 应得的comments 注解, 注释in effect adv. 有效terrestrial adj. 陆地hydrogen bomb 氢弹proceed vi. 进行, 继续下去, 发生utilize vt. 利用as yet adv. 至今promising adj. 有希望的, 有前途的abbreviate v. 缩写, 简化, 简写成inexhaustible adj. 无穷无尽的deuteron n. 氘核designate vt. 指明, 任命, 指派likelihood 可能, 可能性(possibility) deuterium [化]氘(氢的放射性同位素) tritium [化]氚(氢的放射性同位素) composite 合成的, 复合的合成物feasible adj. 可行的, 切实可行的ingredients n. 成分, 因素other than adv. 不同于, 除了go into v. 进入, 加入, 探究, 变得heat up v. 加热plasma 血浆, 乳浆等离子体(区) constraint n. 约束, 强制, 局促prematurely adv. 过早地, 早熟地elevated 提高的, 严肃的, 欢欣的rarefied adj. 纯净的, 稀薄的ignition n. 点火, 点燃Chapter8-wordsaccelerator n. 加速者, 加速器ever-increasing 连续增长的capacitor n. (=capacitator)电容器experience n. vt. 经验, 体验, 经历perpendicularly adv. 垂直地, 直立地gyration n. 旋回, 回转, 旋转, [动]螺层helix n. 螺旋, 螺旋状物, [解剖]耳轮in parallel 并联in series 串联rectifier n. 纠正者, 校正者, 整流器transformer n. [电] 变压器, 使变化的人insulate vt. 使绝缘, 隔离rather than 胜于electrodes n. 电极gap 缺口, 裂口, 间隙, 缝隙, 差距, 隔阂linear accelerator 直线加速器cyclotron n. 回旋加速器poles n. 柱, 杆, 极, 磁极, 电极electromagnet n. 电磁石hollow n. 洞, 山谷 adj. 空腹的, 凹的dee n. D 字, D 字形马具polarity n. 极性impetus n. 推动力, 促进synchronize v. 同步spiral adj. 螺旋形的 n. 螺旋 v. 盘旋outermost adj. 最外面的, 最远的betatron n. 电子感应加速器doughnut n. 油炸圈饼 n. 圆环图tangential adj. 切线的synchrotron n. 同步加速器circumference n. 圆周, 周围superpose vt. 放在上面, 重叠booster n 支持者, 后援者, 调压器spallation n. 分裂, 蜕变relativistic adj. 相对论的。

A-bomb, atomic bomb 原子弹 absorption 吸收to accelerate 加速 accelerating chamber 加速室accelerator 加速器 synchrocyclotron同步回旋加速器synchrotron同步加速器 betatron 电子感应加速器bevatron 高能质子同步稳向加速器 cyclotron 回旋加速器counter计数器 alpha rays阿尔法射线 gamma rays伽马射线gram atom 克原子 ion 离子 cation 阳离子 anion 阴离子antiparticle 反离子antiproton 反质子meson 介子molecule分子atom原子atomic boiler 原子锅atomic number原子数atomic power原子能atomic weight原子量particle粒子photon 光子nucleon 核子proton 质子neutron 中子electron 电子free electron自由电子electron beam 电子束electron cloud 电子云electron gun电子枪electronic shell电子层electron volt电子伏特electrode电极attraction 引力element元素barium 钡berkelium 锫beryllium 铍cobalt钴uranium铀thorium 钍cadmium 镉caesium, cesium铯curium 锔radium 镭lithium 锂neptunium 镎strontium 锶boron硼xenon 氙deuterium氘krypton氪deuteron氘核helium氦radon 镭射气，氡graphite石墨heavy water重水binding energy结合能blast wave冲击波bombardment轰击breeder reactor增值反应堆bubble chamber 气泡室burst爆炸，爆发capture俘获chain reaction链式反应charge装燃料cladding覆层antimatter反物质clean bomb干净核弹to collide, collision碰撞contamination 沾染，污染coolant冷却剂cooling冷却cooling fluid冷却液cooling pond 凉水池core反应堆心，反应堆活性区cosmic rays宇宙线critical mass临界物质curie居里to decay衰减decontamination去污diffusion漫射disintegration衰变，蜕变dispersion弥散emission发射enriched uranium浓缩铀enrichment浓缩explosion爆炸，爆裂fertile element可转换元素fission裂变fissionable material裂变物质fusion聚变deflagration爆燃过程detecto探测器half-lif半衰期H-bomb, hydrogen bomb氢弹heat exchanger热交换器heterogeneous reactor非均匀反应堆homogeneous reactor均匀反应堆instability 不稳定性ionization 电离作用irradiation 照射，辐射isomer 同质异能素isotope 同位素kiloton 千吨当量labelled molecule, tagged molecule 标记分子leakage泄漏lifetime寿命mass 质量megaton百万吨级moderator减速剂mushroom cloud蘑菇云neutron flux 中子通量nucleus 核nuclear tests核实验nuclear physics 核物理nuclear power plant, nuclear power station核电站nuclear reactor 核反应堆orbital electron, planetary electron 轨道电子power reactor动力反应堆projectile抛射体quantum number量子数radiant energy辐射能radiation辐射radioactive cloud放射云radioactive elements放射性元素radioactive fallout放射性尘降物radioactivity放射性radioisotope放射性同位素radiology 放射学radiotherapy放射疗法rod棒roentgen伦琴scattering散射separation分离shield防护罩shock wave冲击波spectrometer分光计spin反旋to split分裂stability 稳定，对衰变的抗性thermal neutron热中子thermal reactor热反应堆thermionic热电子的thermonuclear热核的tracer element示踪原子trajectory 轨迹trinitrotoluene三硝基甲苯，黄色炸药underwater test水下试验warhead弹头heterogeneous reactor 非均匀反应堆homogeneous reactor 均匀反应堆instability 不稳定性ionization 电离作用irradiation 照射,辐射isomer 同质异能素isotope 同位素kiloton 千吨labelled molecule, tagged molecule 标记分子leakage 泄漏lifetime 寿命mass 质量megaton 百万吨级moderator 减速剂mushroom cloud 蘑菇云neutron flux 中子通量nucleus 核nuclear tests 核实验nuclear physics 核物理nuclear power plant, nuclear power station 核电站nuclear reactor 核反应堆orbital electron, planetary electron 轨道电子power reactor 动力反应堆projectile 抛射体quantum number 量子数radiant energy 辐射能radiation 辐射radioactive cloud 放射云radioactive elements 放射性元素radioactive fallout 放射性尘降物radioactivity 放射性radioisotope 放射性同位素radiology 放射学radiotherapy 放射疗法rod 棒roentgen 伦琴scattering 散射separation 分离shield 防护罩shock wave 冲击波spectrometer 分光计spin 反旋to split 分裂stability 稳定,对衰变的抗性thermal neutron 热中子thermal reactor 热反应堆thermionic 热电子的thermonuclear 热核的tracer element 示踪原子trajectory 轨迹trinitrotoluene 三硝基甲苯,黄色炸药underwater test 水下试验, warhead, 弹头d d reaction d d反应d d reactor d d反应器d t fuel cycle d t燃料循环d t reactor d t反应堆daily fuel consumption 燃料日消耗量dalitz pair 达立兹对damage 损伤damage criteria 危害判断准则damp 湿气damp proof 防潮的damped oscillations 阻尼震荡damped vibration 阻尼震荡damped wave 阻尼波damper 减震器damping 衰减的damping factor 衰减系数danger coefficient 危险系数danger dose 危险剂量danger range 危险距离danger signal 危险信号dark current 暗电流dark current pulse 暗电瘤冲data 数据data acquisition and processing system 数据获得和处理系统data base 数据库data communication 数据通信data processing 数据处理data reduction equipment 数据简化设备dating 测定年代daughter 蜕变产物daughter atom 子体原子daughter element 子体元素daughter nucleus 子体核daughter nuclide 子体核素davidite 铈铀钛铁矿dc 直流dc amplifier 直僚大器dc generator 直立电机dc motor 直羚动机dc voltage 直羚压de broglie equation 德布罗意方程de broglie frequency 德布罗意频率de broglie relation 德布罗意方程de broglie wave 德布罗意波de broglie wavelength 德布罗意波长de excitation 去激发de exemption 去免除deactivation 去活化dead ash 死灰尘dead band 不灵敏区dead space 死区dead time 失灵时间dead time correction 死时间校正deaerate 除气deaeration 除气deaerator 除气器空气分离器deaquation 脱水debris 碎片debris activity 碎片放射性debuncher 散束器debye radius 德拜半径debye scherrer method 德拜谢乐法debye temperature 德拜温度decade counter tube 十进计数管decade counting circuit 十进制计数电路decade counting tube 十进管decade scaler 十进位定标器decagram 十克decalescence 相变吸热decalescent point 金属突然吸热温度decan 去掉外壳decanning 去包壳decanning plant 去包壳装置decantation 倾析decanter 倾析器decanting vessel 倾析器decarburization 脱碳decascaler 十进制定标器decatron 十进计数管decay 衰减decay coefficient 衰变常数decay constant 衰变常数decay factor 衰变常数decay heat 衰变热decay heat removal system 衰变热去除系统decay kinematics 衰变运动学decay out 完全衰变decay period 冷却周期decay power 衰减功率decay rate 衰变速度decay series 放射系decay storage 衰变贮存decay table 衰变表decay time 衰变时间decelerate 减速deceleration 减速decigram 分克decimeter wave 分米波decladding 去包壳decladding plant 去包壳装置decommissioning 退役decompose 分解decomposition 化学分解decomposition temperature 分解温度decontaminability 可去污性decontamination 净化decontamination area 去污区decontamination factor 去污因子decontamination index 去污指数decontamination plant 去污装置decontamination reagent 去污试剂decontamination room 去污室decoupled band 分离带decoupling 去耦解开decrease 衰减decrement 减少率dee d形盒dee gap d形盒间空隙dee lines d形盒馈线deep dose equivalent index 深部剂量当量指标deep irradiation 深部辐照deep therapy 深部疗deep underwater nuclear counter 深水放射性计数器deep water isotopic current analyzer 深海水连位素分析器defecation 澄清defect 缺陷defect level 缺陷程度defective fuel canning 破损燃料封装defective fuel element 破损元件defectoscope 探伤仪defence 防护deficiency 不足define 定义definite 确定的definition 分辨deflagration 爆燃deflecting coil 偏转线圈deflecting electrode 偏转电极deflecting field 偏转场deflecting plate 偏转板deflecting system 偏转系统deflecting voltage 偏转电压deflection 负载弯曲deflection angle 偏转角deflection plate 偏转板deflection system 偏转系统deflector 偏转装置deflector coil 偏转线圈deflector field 致偏场deflector plate 偏转板deflocculation 解凝defoamer 去沫剂defoaming agent 去沫剂defocusing 散焦deform 变形deformation 变形deformation bands 变形带deformation energy 变形能deformation of irradiated graphite 辐照过石墨变形deformed nucleus 变形核deformed region 变形区域degas 除气degassing 脱气degeneracy 简并degenerate configuration 退化位形degenerate gas 简并气体degenerate level 简并能级degenerate state 简并态degeneration 简并degradation 软化degradation of energy 能量散逸degraded spectrum 软化谱degree of acidity 酸度degree of anisotropic reflectance 蛤异性反射率degree of burn up 燃耗度degree of cross linking 交联度degree of crystallinity 结晶度degree of degeneration 退化度degree of dispersion 分散度degree of dissociation 离解度degree of enrichment 浓缩度degree of freedom 自由度degree of hardness 硬度degree of ionization 电离度degree of moderation 慢化度degree of polymerization 聚合度degree of purity 纯度dehumidify 减湿dehydrating agent 脱水剂dehydration 脱水deionization 消电离deionization rate 消电离率deionization time 消电离时间dejacketing 去包壳delay 延迟delay circuit 延迟电路delay line 延迟线delay line storage 延迟线存储器delay system 延迟系统delay tank 滞留槽delay time 延迟时间delay unit 延迟单元delayed alpha particles 缓发粒子delayed automatic gain control 延迟自动增益控制delayed coincidence 延迟符合delayed coincidence circuit 延迟符合电路delayed coincidence counting 延迟符合计数delayed coincidence method 延迟符合法delayed coincidence unit 延迟符合单元delayed critical 缓发临界的delayed criticality 缓发临界delayed fallout 延迟沉降物delayed fission neutron 缓发中子delayed gamma 延迟性射线delayed neutron 缓发中子delayed neutron detector 缓发中子探测器delayed neutron emitter 缓发中子发射体delayed neutron failed element monitor 缓发中子破损燃料元件监测器delayed neutron fraction 缓发中子份额delayed neutron method 缓发中子法delayed neutron monitor 缓发中子监测器delayed neutron precursor 缓发中子发射体delayed reactivity 缓发反应性delayedneutron 缓发中子delineation of fall out contours 放射性沉降物轮廓图deliquescence 潮解deliquescent 潮解的delivery dosedose 引出端delta electron 电子delta metal 合金delta plutonium 钚delta ray 电子demagnetization 去磁demagnetize 去磁dematerialization 湮没demineralization 脱盐demineralization of water 水软化demonstration 示范demonstration reactor 示范反应堆dempster mass spectrograph 登普斯特质谱仪denaturalization 变性denaturant 变性剂denaturation 变性denaturation of nuclear fuel 核燃料变性denature 变性denaturize 变性denitration 脱硝dense 稠密的dense plasma focus 稠密等离子体聚焦densimeter 光密度计densimetry 密度测定densitometer 光密度计densitometry 密度计量学density analog method 密度模拟法density bottle 密度瓶density effect 密度效应density gradient instability 密度梯度不稳定性density of electrons 电子密度deoxidation 脱氧deoxidization 脱氧departure from nucleate boiling 偏离泡核沸腾departure from nucleate boiling ratio 偏离泡核沸腾比dependability 可靠性dependence 相依dependency 相依dephlegmation 分凝酌dephlegmator 分馏塔depilation 脱毛depilation dose 脱毛剂量deplete uranium tail storage 贫化铀尾料储存depleted fraction 贫化馏分depleted fuel 贫化燃料depleted material 贫化材料depleted uranium 贫化铀depleted uranium shielding 贫铀屏蔽depleted water 贫化水depleted zone 贫化区域depletion 贫化;消耗depletion layer 耗尽层depolarization 去极化depolymerization 解聚合deposit 沉淀deposit dose 地面沉降物剂量deposited activity 沉积的放射性deposition 沉积depression 减压depressurization accident 失压事故depressurizing system 降压系统depth dose 深部剂量depth gauge 测深计depth of focus 焦点深度depthometer 测深计derby 粗锭derivant 衍生物derivate 衍生物derivative 衍生物derived estimate 导出估价值derived unit 导出单位derived working limit 导出工撰限desalinization 脱盐desalting 脱盐descendant 后代desensitization 脱敏desensitizer 脱敏剂desiccation 干燥desiccator 干燥器防潮器design 设计design basis accident 设计依据事故design basis depressurization accident 设计依据卸压事故design basis earthquake 设计依据地震design dose rate 设计剂量率design of the safeguards approach 保障监督方法设计design power 设计功率design pressure 设计压力design safety limit 设计安全限design temperature rise 设计温度上升design transition temperature 设计转变温度desmotropism 稳变异构desmotropy 稳变异构desorption 解吸desquamation 脱皮destruction test 破坏性试验destructive distillation 干馏detailed decontamination 细部去污detect 探测;检波detectable 可检测的detectable activity 可探测的放射性detection 探测detection efficiency 探测效率detection limit 探测限detection of neutrons from spontaneous fission 自发裂变中子探测detection of radiation 辐射线的探测detection probability 探测概率detection time 探测时间detector 1/v 1/v探测器detector 探测器敏感元件detector efficiency 探测僻率detector foil 探测骗detector noise 探测齐声detector shield 探测屏蔽detector tube 检波管detector with internal gas source 内气源探测器detergent 洗涤剂determination 确定deterrence of diversion 转用制止detonating gas 爆鸣气detonation 爆炸detonation altitude 爆炸高度detonation point 爆炸点detonation yield 核爆炸威力detoxifying 净化detriment 损害detted line 点线deuteride 氘化物deuterium 重氢deuterium alpha reaction 氘反应deuterium critical assembly 重水临界装置deuterium leak detector 重水检漏器deuterium moderated pile low energy 低功率重水慢化反应堆deuterium oxide 重水deuterium oxide moderated reactor 重水慢化反应堆deuterium pile 重水反应堆deuterium sodium reactor 重水钠反应堆deuterium target 氘靶deuterium tritium fuel 氘氚燃料deuterium tritium reaction 氘氚反应deuteron alpha reaction 氘核反应deuteron binding energy 氘核结合能deuteron induced fission 氘核诱发裂变deuteron neutron reaction 氘核中子反应deuteron proton reaction 氘核质子反应deuteron stripping 氘核涎deuterum moderated pile 重水反应堆deuton 氘核development 发展development of uranium mine 铀矿开发deviation 偏差deviation from the desired value 期望值偏差deviation from the index value 给定值偏差dew point 露点dewatering 脱水dewindtite 水磷铅铀矿dextro rotatory 右旋的di neutron 双中子di proton 双质子diagnostic radiology 诊断放射学diagnostics 诊断diagram 线图dial 度盘dialkyl phosphoric acid process 磷酸二烷基酯萃取法dialysis 渗析diamagnet 抗磁体diamagnetic effect 抗磁效应diamagnetic loop 抗磁圈diamagnetic substance 抗磁体diamagnetic susceptibility 抗磁化率diamagnetism 反磁性diamagnetism of the plasma particles 等离子体粒子反磁性diameter 直径diamond 稳定区;金刚石diaphanous 透媚diaphragm 薄膜diaphragm gauge 膜式压力计diaphragm type pressure gauge 膜式压力计diapositive 透谬片diascope 投影放影器投影仪diathermance 透热性diathermancy 透热性diatomic gas 双原子气体diatomic molecule 二原子分子dibaryon 双重子diderichite 水菱铀矿dido 重水慢化反应堆dido type heavy water research reactor 迪多型重水研究用反应堆dielectric 电介质dielectric after effect 电介质后效dielectric breakdown 绝缘哗dielectric constant 介电常数dielectric hysteresis 电介质滞后dielectric polarization 电介质极化dielectric strain 电介质变形dielectric strength 绝缘强度diesel engine 柴油机diesel oil 柴油difference ionization chamber 差分电离室difference linear ratemeter 差分线性计数率计difference number 中子过剩difference of potential 电压difference scaler 差分定标器differential absorption coefficient 微分吸收系数differential absorption ratio 微分吸收系数differential albedo 微分反照率differential control rod worth 控制棒微分价值differential cross section 微分截面differential discriminator 单道脉冲幅度分析器differential dose albedo 微分剂量反照率differential energy flux density 微分能通量密度differential galvanometel 差绕电疗differential particle flux density 粒子微分通量密度differential pressure 压差differential range spectrum 射程微分谱differential reactivity 微分反应性differential recovery rate 微分恢复率differential scattering cross section 微分散射截面differentiator 微分器diffraction 衍射diffraction absorption 衍射吸收diffraction analysis 衍射分析diffraction angle 衍射角diffraction grating 衍射光栅diffraction instrument 衍射仪diffraction pattern 衍射图diffraction peak 衍射峰值diffraction scattering 衍射散射diffraction spectrometer 衍射谱仪diffraction spectrum 衍射光谱diffractometer 衍射仪diffusate 扩散物diffuse 扩散diffuse band 扩散带diffuse reflection 漫反射diffuse scattering 漫散射diffused 散射的diffused junction semiconductor detector 扩散结半导体探测器diffuseness parameter 扩散性参数diffuser 扩散器diffusion 扩散diffusion approximation 扩散近似diffusion area 扩散面积diffusion barrier 扩散膜diffusion cascade 扩散级联diffusion chamber 扩散云室diffusion coefficient 扩散系数diffusion coefficient for neutron flux density 中子通量密度扩散系数diffusion coefficient for neutron number density 中子数密度扩散系数diffusion column 扩散塔diffusion constant 扩散常数diffusion cooling 扩散冷却diffusion cooling effect 扩散冷却效应diffusion cross section 扩散截面diffusion current 扩散电流diffusion current density 扩散淋度diffusion energy 扩散能diffusion equation 扩散方程diffusion factory 扩散工厂diffusion kernel 扩散核diffusion layer 扩散层diffusion length 扩散长度diffusion mean free path 扩散平均自由程diffusion plant 扩散工厂diffusion pump 扩散泵diffusion rate 扩散速率diffusion stack 务马堆diffusion theory 扩散理论diffusion time 扩散时间diffusivity 扩散系数digital analog converter 数模转换器digital computer 数字计算机digital data acquisition and processing system 数字数据获取与处理系统digital data handling and display system 数字数据处理和显示系统digital recorder 数字记录器digital time converter 数字时间变换器dilation 扩胀dilatometer 膨胀计diluent 稀释剂dilute 冲淡dilute solution 稀溶液dilution 稀释dilution analysis 稀释分析dilution effect 稀释效应dilution method 稀释法dilution ratio 稀释比dimension 尺寸dimensional change 尺寸变化diminishing 衰减dimorphism 双晶现象dineutron 双中子dingot 直接铸锭dip counter tube 浸入式计数管dipelt 双重线dipole 偶极子dipole dipole interaction 偶极子与偶极子相互酌dipole layer 偶极子层dipole moment 偶极矩dipole momentum 偶极矩dipole radiation 偶极辐射dipole transition 偶极跃迁dirac electron 狄拉克电子dirac equation 狄拉克方程dirac quantization 狄拉克量子化dirac theory of electron 狄拉克电子论direct action of radiation 辐射直接酌direct and indirect energy conversion 直接和间接能量转换direct contact heat exchanger 直接接触式换热器direct conversion reactor 直接转换反应堆direct conversion reactor study 直接转换反应堆研究direct current 直流direct current amplifier 直僚大器direct current resistance 直羚阻direct cycle 直接循环direct cycle integral boiling reactor 直接循环一体化沸水堆direct cycle reactor 直接循环反应堆direct digital control 直接数字控制direct energy conversion 能量直接转换direct exchange interaction 直接交换相互酌direct exposure 直接辐照direct fission yield 原始裂变产额direct interaction 直接相互酌direct isotopic dilution analysis 直接同位素稀释分析direct measurement 直接测量direct radiant energy 直接辐射能direct radiation 直接辐射direct radiation proximity indicator 直接辐射接近指示器direct reaction 直接反应direct use material 直接利用物质direct voltage 直羚压direct x ray analysis 直接x射线分析direction 方向directional 定向的directional correlation of successive gamma rays 连续射线方向相关directional counter 定向计数器directional distribution 方向分布directional focusing 方向聚焦directly ionizing particles 直接电离粒子directly ionizing radiation 直接电离辐射dirft tube 飞行管道dirt column 尘土柱dirty bomb 脏炸弹disadvantage factor 不利因子disagreement 不一致disappearence 消失disc operating system 磁盘操椎统discharge 放电discharge chamber 放电室discharge current 放电电流discharge in vacuo 真空放电discharge potential 放电电压discharge tube 放电管discharge voltage 放电电压discomposition 原子位移discontinuity 非连续性discontinuous 不连续的discrepancy 差异discrete 离散的discrete energy level 不连续能级discrete spectrum 不连续光谱discrete state 不连续态discrimination coefficient 甄别系数discriminator 鉴别器disinfectant 杀菌剂disintegrate 蜕衰disintegration 蜕变disintegration chain 放射系disintegration constant 衰变常数disintegration curve 衰变曲线disintegration energy 衰变能disintegration heat 衰变热disintegration of elementary particles 基本粒子衰变disintegration particle 衰变粒子disintegration probability 衰变概率disintegration product 蜕变产物disintegration rate 衰变速度disintegration scheme 蜕变图disintegration series 蜕变系disintegrations per minute 衰变/分disintegrations per second 衰变/秒disk source 圆盘放射源dislocation 位错dislocation edge 位错边缘dislocation line 位错线dismantling 解体disorder 无序disorder scattering 无序散射dispersal 分散dispersal effect 分散效应disperser 分散剂dispersing agent 分散剂dispersion 分散dispersion fuel 弥散体燃料dispersion fuel element 弥散体燃料元件dispersive medium 色散媒质displace 位移;代替displacement 替换displacement current 位移电流displacement kernel 位移核displacement law 位移定律displacement law of radionuclide 放射性核素位移定律displacement spike 离位峰disposal of radioactive effluents 放射性瘤液处置disposition 配置disproportionation 不均disruption 破坏disruptive instability 破裂不稳定性disruptive voltage 哗电压dissipation 耗散dissipation of energy 能消散dissociation 离解dissociation constant 离解常数dissociation energy 离解能dissociation pressure 离解压dissociative ionization 离解电离dissolution 溶解dissolver 溶解器dissolver gas 溶解气体dissolver heel 溶解泣滓distance control 遥控distant collision 远距离碰撞distillate 蒸馏液distillation 蒸馏distillation column 蒸馏塔distillation method 蒸馏法distillation tower 蒸馏塔distilled water 蒸馏水distiller 蒸馏器distilling apparatus 蒸馏器distilling flask 蒸馏瓶distorted wave 畸变波distorted wave impulse approximation 畸变波冲动近似distorted wave theory 畸变波理论distortion 畸变distortionless 不失真的distributed ion pump 分布式离子泵distributed processing 分布式处理distributed source 分布源distribution 分布distribution coefficient 分配系数distribution factor 分布因子distribution function 分布函数distribution law 分配定律distribution of dose 剂量分布distribution of radionuclides 放射性核素分布distribution of residence time 停留时间分布distribution ratio 分配系数distrubited constant 分布常数disturbance 扰动disturbation 扰动diuranium pentoxide 五氧化二铀divergence 发散divergence of ion beam 离子束发散divergence problem 发散问题divergent lens 发射透镜divergent reaction 发散反应diversing lens 发射透镜diversion 转向diversion assumption 转用假定diversion box 转换箱diversion hypothesis 转用假设diversion path 转用路径diversion strategy 转用战略divertor 收集器divider 分配器division 刻度division of operating reactors 反应堆运行部djalmaite 钽钛铀矿document information system 文献情报体系doerner hoskins distribution law 德尔纳霍斯金斯分配定律dollar 元domain 磁畴dome 圆顶水柱domestic receipt 国内接收domestic shipment 国内装货dominant mutation 显性突变donator 施止┨鬻donor 施止┨鬻donut 环形室doping control of semiconductors 半导体掺杂物第doppler averaged cross section 多普勒平均截面doppler broadening 多普勒展宽doppler coefficient 多普勒系数doppler effect 多普勒效应doppler free laser spectroscopy 无多普勒激光光谱学doppler shift method 多普勒频移法doppler width 多普勒宽度dosage 剂量dosage measurement 剂量测定dosage meter 剂量计dose 剂量dose albedo 剂量反照率dose build up factor 剂量积累因子dose commitment 剂量负担dose effect curve 剂量效应曲线dose effect relationship 剂量效应关系dose equivalent 剂量当量dose equivalent commitment 剂量当量负担dose equivalent index 剂量当量指标dose equivalent limit 剂量当量极限dose equivalent rate 剂量当量率dose fractionation 剂量分割dose limit 剂量极限dose measurement 剂量测量dose meter 剂量计dose modifying factor 剂量改变系数dose of an isotope 同位素用量dose prediction technique 剂量预报技术dose protraction 剂量迁延dose rate 剂量率dose rate meter 剂量率测量计dose ratemeter 剂量率表dose reduction factor 剂量减低系数dose response correlation 剂量响应相关dose unit 剂量单位dosifilm 胶片剂量计dosimeter 剂量计dosimeter charger 剂量计充电器dosimetry 剂量测定法dosimetry applications research facility 剂量测定法应用研究设施dotted line 点线double 双double beam 双射束double beta decay 双衰变double bond 双键double charged 双电荷的double clad vessel 双层覆盖容器double compton scattering 双康普顿散射double container 双层容器double contingency principle 双偶然性原理double decomposition 复分解double differential cross section 二重微分截面double focusing 双聚焦double focusing mass spectrometer 双聚焦质谱仪double ionization chamber 双电离室double precision 双倍精度double probe 双探针double pulse 双脉冲double resonance 双共振double resonance spectroscopy 双共振光谱学double scattering method 双散射法double walled heat exchanger 双层壁换热器doublet 电子对doublet splitting 双重线分裂doubling dose 加倍剂量doubling time 燃料倍增时间doubling time meter 倍增时间测量计doubly charged 双电荷的doubly closed shell nuclei 双闭合壳层核doughnut 环形室down time 停机时间downcomer 下降管downwards coolant flow 下行冷却剂流downwind fall out 下风放射性沉降物draft 通风drain tank 排水槽draught 通风drell ratio 多列尔比dressing 选矿dressing of uranium ore 铀矿石选矿drier 干燥器drift instability 漂移不稳定性drift mobility 漂移率drift speed 漂移速度drift transistor 漂移晶体管drift velocity 漂移速度drive voltage 控制电压driven magnetic fusion reactor 从动磁核聚变反应堆driver fuel 驱动燃料drop 点滴drop reaction 点滴反应dry active waste 干放射性废物dry analysis 干法分析dry box 干箱dry criticality 干临界dry distillation 干馏dry friction 干摩擦dry ice 干冰dry out 烧干dry reprocessing 干法再处理dry way process 干法过程dry well 干井dryer 干燥器drying 干燥drying oil 干性油drying oven 烘干炉dual cycle boiling water reactor system 双循环沸水反应堆系统dual cycle reactor 双循环反应堆dual decay 双重放射性衰变dual energy use system 能量双重利用系统dual purpose nuclear power station 两用核电站dual purpose reactor 两用反应堆dual temperature exchange 双温度交换dual temperature exchange separation process 双温度交换分离法duality 二重性duant d形盒duct 管ductile brittle transition temperature 延性脆性转变温度ductility 延伸性dummy load 仿真负载dumontite 水磷铀铅矿dump 烧毁元件存放处dump condenser 事故凝汽器dump tank 接受槽dump valve 事故排放阀dunkometer 燃料元件包壳破损探测器duplet 电子对duration 持续时间duration of a scintillation 闪烁持续时间dust chamber 集尘室dust cloud 尘埃云dust collector 集尘器dust cooled reactor 粉尘冷却反应堆dust monitor 灰尘监测器dust sampler 灰尘取样器dust trap 集尘器dye laser 染料激光器dynamic behaviour 动态dynamic characteristic 动特性dynamic equilibrium 动态平衡dynamic equilibrium ratio 动态平衡比dynamic pressure 动压dynamic process inventory determination 动态过程投料量测定dynamic stabilization 动力稳定dynamic viscosity 动力粘滞系数dynamical friction 动摩擦dynamitron 地那米加速器并激式高频高压加速器dynamo 发电机dynamometer 测力计dyne 达因dynode 倍增电极dysprosium 镝dystectic mixture 高熔点混合物e layer e 层e. m. f 电动势early fallout 早期放射性落下灰earth 接地earth metals 土金属earthquake proof site 抗地震试验场ebulliometer 沸点计ebullition 沸腾ecdysis 脱皮ecology 生态学economizer 节约器ecosystem 生态系eddy 涡流eddy current 涡电流eddy diffusion 涡俩散edge break 边缘裂缝edge crack 边缘裂缝edge dislocation 刃型位错edwardsite 独居石efd 电铃动力学effective 有效的effective absorption coefficient 有效吸收系数effective atomic charge 有效原子电荷effective atomic number 有效原子序数effective bohr magneton 有效玻尔磁子effective cadmium cut off 有效镉截止值effective capture cross section 有效俘获截面effective charge 有效电荷effective collision cross section 有效碰撞截面effective cross section 有效截面effective cross section for resonance 有效共振截面effective decontamination factor 有效去污因子effective delayed neutron fraction 有效缓发中子份额effective dose 有效剂量effective energy 有效能量effective full power days 有效满功率天数effective full power hours 有效满功率小时数effective half life 有效半衰期effective interaction 有效互酌effective ionic charge 有效离子电荷effective kilogram 有效公斤effective life 有效寿命effective macroscopic cross section 有效宏观截面effective mass 有效质量effective mass absorption coefficient 有效质量吸收系数effective mean pressure 平均有效压力effective multiplication constant 有效增殖系数effective multiplication factor 有效倍增系数effective nuclear charge 有效核电荷effective particle velocity 有效粒子速度effective power 有效功率effective radiation power 有效辐射功率effective radium content 有效镭含量effective radius of a control rod 控制棒有效半径effective range 有效范围effective relaxation length 有效张弛长度effective removal cross section 有效移出截面effective resonance integral 有效共振积分effective simple process factor 单级过程有效系数effective source area 有效源面积effective stack height 有效烟囱高度effective standard deviation 有效标准偏差effective target area 有效靶面积effective thermal cross section 有效热中子截面effective value 有效值effective voltage 有效电压effective wavelength 有效波长effectiveness 有效efficiency 效率efficiency of counter 计数颇效率effluent 瘤液effluent activity meter 瘤液放射性测量计efflux 瘤液effusion 喷出ehrenfest's adiabatic law 厄任费斯脱绝热定律eigenvalue 固有值eight electron shell l 层einstein de broglie formula 爱因斯坦德布罗意公式einstein transition probability 爱因斯坦跃迁几率einstein's equation 爱因斯坦光电方程einstein's mass energy formula 爱因斯坦质能公式einsteinium 锿ejected beam 出射束ejection 喷射ejector 喷射器ejector vacuum pump 喷射真空泵eka actinium 类锕eka cesium 钫eka iodine 砹eka neodymium 钷eka polonium 类钋eka radium 类镭eka radon 类氡elastic 弹性的elastic after effect 弹性后效elastic coefficient 弹性模量elastic collision 弹性碰撞elastic fatigue 弹性疲劳elastic hysteresis 弹性后效elastic limit 弹性极限elastic modulus 弹性模量elastic range 弹性范围elastic recoil analysis 弹性反冲分析elastic scattering 弹性散射elastic scattering cross section 弹性散射截面elastic strain 弹性应变elastic thermal stress 弹性热应力elasticity 弹性elastomer 弹性体electric arc furnace 电弧炉electric charge 电荷electric circuit 电路electric conductance 电导率electric conductivity 电导率electric conductor 导电体electric current 电流electric dipole 电偶极子electric dipole moment 电偶极矩electric dipole radiation 电偶极辐射electric discharge 放电electric double layer 双电层electric field 电场electric field gradient 电场梯度electric field intensity 电场强度electric field strength 电场强度electric force 电力electric furnace 电炉electric heater 电热器。