The Arrow and the Song(箭与歌) H.W. Longfellow(H.W.朗费罗)英语原文、中文翻译

关于箭的英文小诗The arrow soars through the air with grace and might A symbol of power and precision in flightCrafted with care from wood and steelIts journey through the sky makes the heart feelFrom ancient times to modern dayThe arrow has found its rightful swayIn the hands of skilled archers it becomes a toolTo conquer foes and maintain ruleThe arrow's history is rich and longIts story woven into many a songFrom the battles of old to the hunt's thrillThe arrow's impact can never be stillIn the hands of the archer it becomes an extensionA deadly weapon but also a source of tensionFor with great power comes great responsibilityTo wield the arrow with utmost nobilityThe arrow's shape is sleek and trueIts feathers guiding it through and throughThe sharp point piercing with deadly aimLeaving its mark without any shameWhether fired from a bow or launched from a catapult The arrow's power is never in defaultIt strikes its target with unwavering mightCutting through the air with unparalleled flightThe arrow has been used for both good and illTo protect the innocent or to killBut in the hands of the skilled and the wiseIts potential for greatness can never be deniedIn the art of archery, the arrow is keyIts mastery a skill that sets one freeTo hit the mark with precision and graceAnd leave a lasting impression in its wakeThe arrow's journey is one of mystery and wonderAs it soars through the sky and cleaves it asunderIts power and beauty have captivated mankindFor centuries, its legacy has been entwinedFrom the ancient battlefields to the modern day sport The arrow's significance can never be shortIt remains a symbol of strength, skill, and mightA testament to the human's endless fightTo conquer the elements and master the unknown The arrow's journey is one that has always been shown As a testament to the ingenuity of the human mind And the endless possibilities that we can findSo let us honor the arrow and all that it represents The power, the grace, the endless lamentsFor in its flight, we see the human spirit soar Reaching for the stars and exploring evermore.。

优美英语诗歌带翻译大全诗歌本身包含的丰富社会生活内容和艺术内涵,诗歌语言的独特的美与和谐都使它们具有无穷的魅力。

小编精心收集了优美英语诗歌带翻译，供大家欣赏学习!优美英语诗歌带翻译篇1天使的忠告An Angel WroteMany people will walk in and out of your life,But only true friends will leave footprints in your heart.许多人将进出你的生命,但只有真正的朋友会在你的心中留下足迹。

To handle yourself, use your head; T o handle others, use your heart.Anger is only one letter short of danger.用你的智慧控制自己;用你的心赢得朋友。

愤怒和危险只有一步之遥。

If someone betrays* you once, it’s his fault;If he betrays you twice, it’s your fault.如果有人背叛了你一次,那是他的错;如果他背叛了你两次,那就是你的错了。

Great minds discuss ideas;Average minds discuss events;Small minds discuss people.伟大的人谈论理想;平凡的人谈论时事;狭隘的人谈论是非。

God gives every bird its food,But he does not throw it into its nest.上帝赐予鸟儿食物,但不会将食物放到鸟巢里。

He who loses money, loses a lot;He who loses a friend, loses more;He who loses faith, loses everything.失去金钱的人,失去很多;失去朋友的人,失去更多;失去信仰的人,失去了一切。

诗歌欣赏：我心雀跃在平凡的学习、工作、生活中，许多人都接触过一些比较经典的诗歌吧，诗歌饱含着作者的思想感情与丰富的想象。

你知道什么样的诗歌才经典吗？下面是小编整理的诗歌欣赏：我心雀跃，希望对大家有所帮助。

1、我心雀跃My Heart Leaps Up 我心雀跃My heart leaps up when I behold当天边彩虹映入眼帘，A rainbow in the sky：我心为之雀跃;So was it when my life began;初生时即如此，So is it now I am a man;我现在仍不变，So be it when I shall grow old，将来也会如此，Or let me die!否则我宁愿死去!The Child is father of the Man;儿童是成人之父;And I could wish my days to be愿自然虔诚的意念，将我生涯的每个日子连串起来。

Bound each to each by natural piety.自幼至老，深信不移。

2、Jingle， Bells 铃儿响叮当Dashing thro the snow，奔驰过雪地，In a one-horse open sleigh，只马无蓬的雪车，Oer the fields we go，我们越过田野，Laughing all the way;一路笑语不绝;Bells on bobtail ring，铃儿在截短的马尾上响叮当，Making spirits bright;使我们的精神愉快;What fun it is to ride and sing 今晚驾着雪车唱雪车歌A sleighing song tonight!乐似活神仙!(Refrain：) Jingle， bells! Jingle， bells!(反复)铃儿响!铃儿响!Jingle all the way!一路响叮当!Oh! What fun it is to ride in a one-horse open sleigh!啊!坐在只马蓬的雪车上，哦!说多乐有多乐!Now the ground is white，大地一片雪白，Go it while youre young;趁着年轻去吧;Take the girls tonight，今夜带着女孩们，And sing this sleighing song.唱着雪车歌。

美国文学诗歌名篇翻译赏析第一篇：美国文学诗歌名篇翻译赏析I shot an arrow……我射出一支箭……---Henry Wadsworth LongfellowI shot an arrow into the air,我把一支箭射向空中It fell to earth I knew not where;不知它落在何方For so swiftly it flew the sight飞得那么快Could not follow it in its fight.眼睛难以追寻它的方向I breathed a song into the air,我对着天空轻轻唱歌It fell to earth I knew not where;不知它消逝在何方For who has the sight so keen and strong谁的眼光能如此敏锐犀利That can follow the flight of a song.能跟上歌声的翅膀Long, long afterwards in an oak,很久很久以后，在一棵橡树上I found the arrow still unbroke;我找到了那支箭，仍未折断And the song, from beginning to end,也发现了那支歌，自始自终I found again in the heart of a friend.在朋友的心中欢唱This poem is written in a traditional iambic form with the feet “aabb aacc ddee”.In the poem, Longfellow sings the friendship implicitly and skillfully.The arrow and the song in this poem stand for the friendship.When he shot an arrow and breathed a song into the air, he did not expect to find them any more.But many years later, he came across with the arrow and found that hissong was always in the heart of his friend.This suggests that the friendship is everlasting.I’m Nobody!我是无名之辈Emily DickinsonI’m nobody!Who are you?我是无名之辈！你是谁？Are you nobody, too?你也是无名之辈吗？Then there’s a pair of us----don’t tell!那么我们就是一对儿了！千万不要透露出去They’d banish us, you know!不然我们都会被他们驱逐，你知道。

What’s the matter with him?“山丹丹的那个开花呦，红个鲜鲜个艳。

如果大还能够带走我的哀愁，就像带走每条河流”From2009 Spring Festival Gala Evening in CCTV-1, after his excellent performance，he became popular among every corner in China. Almost everyone knows his name and loves him very much. Since then, Xiao Shenyang’s performance was broadcast over and over again, but audiences aren’t tired of these. Instead of laugh heartily. He really brings lots of fun to others, no matter how old you are. But later, there were many heated happened to him, whether he is elegant or vulgar. This debate began with the opinion the joked photo of XIAOSHENYANG was showed on the cover of the book they though it is the symbol of corrupted Chinese culture and claimed that sense of beauty hardcore. Therefore, many so-called Chinese ‘experts’ stood out, pointing out that they agreed with them satirizing him and deny in his achievements, as well as the happiness he brought to us.I n my opinion, every country has it own judgment standard, we should keep our position and not to obey their prejudice. To some extent, foreigners seem to have no right to criticize Chinese figures. Maybe they were bored with the life and want to pick on Chinese people, making up some dispute and public opinion. If there is a barrier for everyone to seek for happiness in spirit, it must have no fun. Each person, each country has their own rights to aspire, which must not to be solemn and rigorous, but it is only an enjoyment, a comfort. Now that brings average people countless joy, why do some people say ‘no’ behind?No matter which way he chooses, it is just for him to go on, to attract others’ attention. I try to guess whether someone can catch up with his talent of singing and performing. Indeed, his image is very gentle, however, except this, where do these hearted laugh come from? Vulgar or elegant, if you deny him only after several prejudices, it isn’t rational.D u r i n g these years, think everyone has seen the efforts he makes, couldn’t it be said that we don’t feel about it? From ‘Buchaqian’ to Daxiaojianghu, the real has incarnated. Just like what he has said ‘I am just a real man’. What a handsome man, just like sunshine bringing his happiness to everyone. It doesn’t matter how people assess him.Just walking on his way, and carrying strong determination. In fact, I am a fan of him; I really appreciate his philosophy of life no matter on the stage.A brief introduction about him:✧Chinese name: Shenhe(沈鹤)✧English name:Xiao Shenyang(小沈阳)✧Extra name:Xiao Shenyang, Yangbao, Xiaosunyang, Yang（小沈阳、阳宝、小损样、阳仔）✧Birthplace: Liaoning Province, the City of Tie Ling（辽宁省铁岭市）✧Blog: /xiaoshenyang责任编辑;丁金香For so swiftly it flew, the sight 因它飞得如此地快速Could not follow it in its flight. 视力无法跟得上它的飞驰。

英语小文章(共10篇)英语小文章（一）: 要两篇英文小文章和翻译Food and HealthThe food we eat seems to have profound effects on our health. Although science has made enormous steps in making food more fit to eat, it has, at the same time, made many foods unfit to eat. Some research has shown that perhaps eighty percent of all human illnesses are related to diet and forty percent of cancer is related to thediet as well, especially cancer of the colon. Different cultures are more prone to contract certain illnesses because of the food that is characteristic in these cultures. That food is related to illness is not a new discovery. In 1945, government researchers realized that nitrates and nitrites, commonly used to preserve color in meats, and other food additives, caused cancer. Yet, these carcinogenicadditives remain in our food, and it becomes more difficult all the time to know which things in the packaging labels of processed food are helpful or harmful. The additives which we eat are not all so direct. Farmers often give penicillin to beef and poultry, and because of this, penicillin has been found in the milk of treated cows. Sometimes similar drugs are administered to animals not for medicinal purposes, but for financial reasons. The farmers are simply trying to fatten the animals in order to obtain a higher price on the market. Although the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has tried repeatedly to control these procedures, the practices continue.食品与健康我们所吃的食物似乎对我们的健康有深远的影响. 尽管科学上已取得许多进展,使食物更适合我们食用,但与此同时它也使许多食物不宜食用了. 一些研究已经表明,人类大概有80%的疾病与饮食有关,40%的癌症,特别是结肠癌,也与饮食有关. 不同的文化会使人们更易患某些疾病,这是由这些文化的人们喜好的食物所致. 食物与疾病有关并不是新发现. 1945年,政府部门的科研工作者了解到,被广泛用于肉类以保持肉类色泽的硝酸盐、亚硝酸盐和其他的添加剂可诱发癌症. 可是这些致癌物质依然存在于我们的食物之中. 与此同时,要想知道加工食品标签上的哪些成分对健康有利,哪些成分对健康不利,变得更加困难了. 我们吃到的这些添加物并非都是如此直接的. 农民常给牛和家禽注射青霉素,因而在受过注射的牛所产牛奶里发现青霉素. 有时让家禽服用这类药物并非是为了治病,而是为了经济上的缘故. 农民们只是想使家畜长得更肥壮可以上市场上卖到好价钱. 虽然食物和药品管理局已一再设法控制这种情况的发生,但是这种行为仍在继续.PotteryAncient people made clay pottery because they needed it for their survival. They used the pots they made for cooking, storing food, and carrying things from place to place. Pottery was so important to early cultures that scientists now study it to learn more about ancient civilizations. The more advanced the pottery in terms of decoration, materials, glazes and manufacture, the more advanced the culture itself.The artisan who makes pottery in North America today utilizes his or her skill and imagination to create items that are beautiful as well as functional, transforming something ordinary into something special and unique.The potter uses one of the Earth"s most basic materials, clay. Clay can be found almost anywhere. Good pottery clay must be free from all small stones and other hard materials that would make the potting process difficult. Most North American artisan potters now purchase commercially processed clay, but some find the clay they need rightin the earth close to where they work.The most important tools potters use are their own hands; however, they also use wire loop tools, wooden modeling tools, plain wire, and sponges. Plain wire is used to cut away the finished pot from its base on the potter"s wheel.After a finished pot is dried of all its moisture in the open air,it is placed in a kiln and fired. The first firing hardens the pottery, and it is then ready to be glazed and fired again.For areas where they do not want any glaze, such as the bottom of the pot, artisans paint on melted wax that will later burn off in the kiln. They then pour on the liquid glaze and let it run over the clay surface, making any kind of decorative pattern that they want.陶器古代人制作陶器是因为他们的生存需要它. 他们用这些自制的盆盆罐罐来做饭、装食物、储运东西. 陶器在早期文化中占据了如此重要的地位,以致于科学家们现在通过研究陶器来获取对古代文明的更多的了解. 因为陶器的装饰、材料、釉彩、制作等工艺越发达就说明这种文明越发达. 今天,北美的陶艺匠人运用他们的技艺和想象力创造出了既美观又实用的陶艺制品,把日常用品变为独特的艺术品. 制陶匠人使用大地上最基本的原材料--粘土. 粘土几乎随处可见,但好的制陶所用的粘土必须不含小沙粒或任何硬物,否则会给制陶过程带来不便. 现在大多数北美制陶艺人买现成的专用陶土,也有些陶匠乐于就地取材,在作坊附近自己挖粘土. 制陶器最重要的工具是工匠们自己的双手,但有时他们也用些别的工具,如绳圈、木模、素线、海绵等. 素线的作用是当一件陶器完成后用它把陶器从转盘上的基座上切下来. 陶器成形后,首先要在空气中自然风干,再放到窑中焙烧. 第一遍焙烧使得陶器变得坚硬,下一步就是给它上釉彩,然后再焙烧. 陶器上有些地方不需上釉彩,像罐子底部,匠人们就在这些部位涂上蜡,一加热就会化掉. 然后匠人们把釉彩液体浇上陶器表面,绘制他们想要的任何图案.英语小文章（二）: 英语小文章三十词左右【英语小文章】This is a picture of Tom’s family at home.The one behind Tom is his mother,Mary Black.She looks young.Her dress is orange.Tom’s father,John Black is in a white shirt.He looks old.Tom has asister.Her name is Sue.She is in a red blouse and a yellow skirt.A cat is in Sue’s arm.It’s a Chinese cat.Its name is Mimi.英语小文章（三）: ifyouhaveadream英语小文章If You Have a Dream… 如果你有梦想…… 【来自李阳疯狂英语】[1]If you have a dream,don’t wait for some distant1 day to come.I t may be too late before you’ve even begun.[2]Be true to yourself first and foremost.The only important thingf in life is what you do with the time you spend here on earth.Don’t be afraid to follow your desires.They are neither silly nor selfish; take the time and do what makes you feel alive.Leave your fears and rearets in the past.Our eyes are placed in front because it’s more important to look ahead than to look back.Iff you look back,your journey is ended.You have only today to begin anew2 and follow your dreams,for in the end,all we have are our momories.[3]Do not quiet3 your dreams.When the twilight4 comes to us.let there be no excuses,no explanations,no regrets!【参考译文】[1]如果你有梦想,不要等到遥远的一天才去实现.否则或许还没开始就已太迟.[2]首先,要忠于自己.生命中惟一重要的事情就是你在世的时候做了什么.不要害怕追随你内心的渴望.只要这些欲望既不愚蠢也不自私,就尽管花时间去做让你感觉自己真是存在的事情.把你的恐惧和悔恨留给过去.我们的眼睛长在前面是因为向前看比向后看更重要.如果你向后看,你的旅程已经终结.只有今天,你才能重新开始并追随你的梦想,因为最后,我们剩下的只有回忆.[3]不要让你的梦想沉寂.当曙光在我们前方显现.不要再有借口、不要再有辩解、不要再有悔恨!英语小文章（四）: 求英语有趣的小文章(要有翻译)It"s,Not My FaultMother(reprimanding her small son):You mustn"t pull the cat"s tail. Son:I"m only holding it,Mon.The cat"s doing the pulling.不是我的错妈妈(正教训小子):你不该拽猫的尾巴.小子：妈,我只是握着猫的尾巴,它自己在拽.英语小文章（五）: 70个单词左右的英语小文章一共要10篇70单词左右的小文章,单词最多80个.并且要简单易懂,文章有一定的知识、哲理!1、Yesterday is friday.I hope this day come quickly and goslowly.Beacuse MY SHOW is always broadcast on this day at 7:30 o"clock.I like this program very much.On boring summerholiday ,except for playing computer,This program give me the best happiness.In MY SHOW I especially like a person named seven!She is handsome and smart.I like she such as a mouse like rice.In order to help she .I spend lots of money sending message for her.2、Time Is MoneyAs the taxi came to a screeching halt at a traffic light,I asked the driver,"Do you agree that "Time is money"" "Well,it"s a very common saying.Who will care so much about that"the driveranswered ."Look,the digits in the meter are still running when the car has stopped,"I pointed at the meter."Oh.yes.You"ve got a point here,In this case,time is money for both of us,"added the driver.Marriage Arranged by an Unborn BabyThe other day a Chinese told me that to go with the traditional custom,one"s marriage has to be decided by his or her parents andthat accordingly,her mother"s marriage was arranged by her grandparents,but her sister has broken the tradition."How"I asked."Her marriage was arranged by her unborn baby." "What do you mean"I was puzzled."She had to get married because of her premarital pregnancy,"She explained in embarrassment.The Korean War Is OverMy husband"s brother-in-law,Joseph,an American real estateagent,came to China for a short visit to our city.To show hospitality at the welcoming dinner party,Mr.Sun,the host,entertained Joseph with Chinese wine,saying,"According to our custom,a brother-in-law coming to his wife"s native country for the first time must drink three cups of wine."Joseph declined the offer by saying,"Thank you,but I can"t drink even one drop." "Then our dinner won"t be over without your drinking at least one cup,"insisted Mr.Sun.To this,Joseph responded,"The Korean War is over,Don"t attack the Americans any more."Lily is crying.Her mother ask:"why are you crying" Lily"s brother Toni says:"she wants to have my coin."Her mother says:"that"s impossible."She is just a baby."She does!"Toni said:"she has eaten itall ready."3、The Arrow and the SongI shot an arrow into air,It fell to earth,I knew not where;For,so swiftly it flew,the sightCould not follow it in its flight.I breathed a song into the air,It fell to earth,I knew not where;For who has sight so keen and strong,That it can follow the flight of songLong,long afterwards,in an oak,I found the arrow,still unbroke;And the song,from beginning to end,I found again in the heart of a friend. 箭与歌我把箭射向天空,它逝入大地,无处寻觅；飞得太快了呀,远非视力所及.我让歌飞向天空,它逝入大地,无处寻觅；谁的眼光那么敏锐有力呀,能够跟上他的足迹很久很久以后,在橡树上,我发现了那箭,还没折断；还有那歌,仍在回响,在朋友的心上.4、FriendshipMay our frienfship be not like the tides,Tides rise,tides fall,May it be like the ocean,Whoseface may show smile,frown or anger,But whose heart is at bottom unchanging.May our frienfship be not like the flowers, Flowers bloom,flowers fade.May it be like grass and trees,But their roots live long.May our frienfship be not like the moon,The moon waxes,it also wanes.May it be like the stars,They appear or do not appear in the sky,But always exist with mysterious light.友谊或许我们的友情不似潮汐,潮起还有潮落.或许它更像那大海,海面时而现出微笑,时而阴霾,时而暴怒,可它的心在深深的海底,却始终如一.或许我们的友情不似花朵,花开还有花榭.或许它更像那青草和树木,叶儿会凋零,可它们的根却有长久的生命.或许我们的友情不似月亮,月有阴晴圆缺.或许它更像那繁星,它们在夜空里时现时隐,可它们那神秘的光芒却亘古永存.5、Tucked away in our subconsciousness is an idyllic vision.We see ourselves on a long trip that spans the continent.We are travelling by train.Out the windows,we drink in the passing scene of cars on nearby highways,of children waving on a crossi6、Much meaning can be conveyed,clearly,with our eyes,so it is often said that eyes can speak.Do you have such kind of experienceIn a bus you may look at stranger,but not too long.And if he is sensing that he is being stared at,he may feel unc英语小文章（六）: go to the supermarket 英语小文章Go to the supermarketI am going to the supermarket.I will arrive there 30 minutes later by bus.I"d like to buy some meat and vegetables for dinner.The vegetables in the supermarket are fresh and delicious.I like to buy them in the supermarket.The meat is also very delicious.I like to go to the supermarket very much.英语小文章（七）: 一篇大约3分钟的写关于亲身经历的英语小文章【英语小文章】Life in middle school is colorful,many activities to do .Such as center club,sports team ,singing group .I like them all.But my mum always says:study first,interest second.But as a student,you should try to get good grades.As a matter of fact,My parents told me to spend most of my time on study,but I loved swimming and I go to the stadium twice a week.However,I balanced my time and always did well in the exams.Because of this,they don"t pushme back to books anymore and encouraged me to doexercised.Therefore,I suggest us to make a clear schedule and attribute our time in a wise way.I also believe everyone will persuade parents successfully and enjoy our school life soon!别忘记采纳哦英语小文章（八）: 我想要英语小文章+summary不需要太长..快!卜要笑话啊。

友谊经典英语诗句_歌颂友情诗歌带翻译友谊经典英语诗句：A F o r e v e r F r i e n d A f r i e n d w a l k i n w h e n t h e r e s t o f t h e w o r l d w a l k s o u t.别人都走开的时候，朋友仍与你在一起。

S o m e t i m e s i n l i f e,有时候在生活中，Y o u f i n d a s p e c i a l f r i e n d;你会找到一个特别的朋友;S o m e o n e w h o c h a n g e s y o u r l i f e j u s t b y b e i n g p a r t o f i t.他只是你生活中的一部分内容，却能改变你整个的生活。

S o m e o n e w h o m a k e s y o u l a u g h u n t i l y o u c a n t s t o p;他会把你逗得开怀大笑;S o m e o n e w h o m a k e s y o u b e l i e v e t h a t t h e r e r e a l l y i s g o o d i n t h e w o r l d.他会让你相信人间有真情。

S o m e o n e w h o c o n v i n c e s y o u t h a t t h e r e r e a l l y i s a n u n l o c k e d d o o r j u s t w a i t i n g f o r y o u t o o p e n i t.他会让你确信，真的有一扇不加锁的门，在等待着你去开启。

T h i s i s F o r e v e r F r i e n d s h i p.这就是永远的友谊。

第一篇：美国文学诗歌名篇翻译赏析I shot an arrow……我射出一支箭……---Henry Wadsworth LongfellowI shot an arrow into the air,我把一支箭射向空中It fell to earth I knew not where;不知它落在何方For so swiftly it flew the sight飞得那么快Could not follow it in its fight.眼睛难以追寻它的方向I breathed a song into the air,我对着天空轻轻唱歌It fell to earth I knew not where;不知它消逝在何方For who has the sight so keen and strong谁的眼光能如此敏锐犀利That can follow the flight of a song.能跟上歌声的翅膀Long, long afterwards in an oak,很久很久以后，在一棵橡树上I found the arrow still unbroke;我找到了那支箭，仍未折断And the song, from beginning to end,也发现了那支歌，自始自终I found again in the heart of a friend.在朋友的心中欢唱This poem is written in a traditional iambic form with the feet “aabb aacc ddee”. In the poem, Longfellow sings the friendship implicitly and skillfully. The arrow and the song in this poem stand for the friendship. When he shot an arrow and breathed a song into the air, he did not expect to find them any more. But many years later, he came across with the arrow and found that his song was always in the heart of his friend. This suggests that the friendship is everlasting.I’m Nobody!我是无名之辈Emily DickinsonI’m nobody! Who are you?我是无名之辈！你是谁？Are you nobody, too?你也是无名之辈吗？Then there’s a pair of us----don’t tell!那么我们就是一对儿了！千万不要透露出去They’d banish us, you know!不然我们都会被他们驱逐，你知道。

美国文学选读第三版课后习题答案陶洁(部分)Unit 1 Benjamin FranklinQuestions1.Why did Franklin write his Autobiography? Franklin says that because his son may wish to know about his life, he is taking his one week vacation in the English countryside to record his past. He also says that he has enjoyed his life and would like to repeat it2.What made Franklin decide to leave the brother to whom he had been apprenticed? His brother was passionate, and had often beaten him. The aversion to arbitrary power that has stuck to him through his whole life .After a brush with the law, Franklin left his brother.3.How did he arrive in Philadephia? First he set out in a boat for Amboy, the boat dropped him off about 50 miles from Burlington, the next day he reached Burlington onfoot, in Burlington he found a boat which was going towards Philadelphia, he arrived there about eight or nine o’clock, on the Sunday morning and landed at the Market Street wharf.4.What features do you find in the style of the above selection? It is the pattern of Puritan simplicity, directness, and concision(言简意赅). The narrative is lucid(易懂的), the structure is simple, the imagery is homely(朴素的).Unit 2 Edgar Allen Poe 1.Who is the narrator? What wrong does he want to redress? Montresor.Fortunato,one of wine experts insulted him, so he wanted to murder him.2.What is the pretext he uses to lure Fortunato to his wine cellar? He baits Fortunato by telling him he has obtained what he believes to be a cask of Amontillado a rare and valuable sherry wine. Fortunato is anxious to determine whether or not it is truly Amontillado, so he goes to the vault with Montresor.3.What happens to Fortunato in the end? He was walled up alive behind bricks in a wine cellar.4.Describe briefly how Poe characterizes Montresor and Fortunato as contrasts? Poe uses color imagery to characterize them. Montresor face is covered in a black silk mask, In contrast, Fortunato dresses the motley-colored costume of the court fool, who gets literally and tragically fooled by Montresor's masked motives. The color schemes here represent the irony of Fortunato's death sentence.Through the acts, words, and thoughts of Fortunato,we know He is greedy, he was lured into the dark and somber vaults just because a cask of Amontillado. This is also due to his bad habit of bibulosity(酗酒）. He lost himself on hearing the wine. At the same time, he was cheated by his enemy, which reflected his ignorance.When he heard the pretended compliment from Montresor, he became very boastful and arrogant. He was easily confused by the superficial phenomena and failed to watch out for others. He couldn’t tolerate that others were strongerthan him. For example, Montresor always stimulated him with Luchresi who was good at connoisseur（鉴赏）in wine. Under the impulse of vanity, he fell into Montresor’s terrible trap. In fact, he was careless and foolish and didn’t find that the danger was approaching him. He looked down upon Montresor and others. He didn’t realize his foolishness until t he death was coming. Talking from the appearance, Monstresor was a well-educated and “kind” businessman. He enjoyed the honor and respect in the city. But in fact, he was an evil and awful person. His inner feelings were so cruel that they even made people tremble. Under his rich appearance was the dirty soul and despicable character.We couldn’t see any glorious virtues in his mind. Instead, his heart was cold and dark. It was the revenge that threw Montresor into the deep evil valley.unit 4 Nathaniel Hawthorne1.Why is the prison the setting of Chapter 1 ? No matter how optimistic the founders of new colonies may be, theyare quick to establish a prison and a cemetery in their “Utopia,” for they know that misbehavior, evil, and death are unavoidable. This belief fits into the larger Puritan doctrine, which puts heavy emphasis on the idea of original sin—the notion that all people are born sinners because of the initial transgressions of Adam and Eve in the Garden of Eden. he is therefore using the prison building to represent the crime and the punishment which are aspect of civilized lifeWhat is the implication of the description of the roses? The rosebush symbolizes the ability of nature to endure and outlast man's activities. The narrator suggests that roses offer a reminder of Nature's kindness to the condemned; for his tale, he says, it will provide either a “sweet moral blossom” or else some relief in the face of unrelenting sorrow and gloom.2.Describe the appearance of Hester Prynne and the attitude of the people towards her. The second paragraph on page 30. The crowd in front of the jail is a mixture of men and women, all maintaining severe looks of disapproval. Several of the women begin to discuss Hester Prynne, and they soonvow that Hester would not have received such a light sentence for her crime if they had been the judges. One woman, the ugliest of the group, goes so far as to advocate death for Hester.3.What has happened to Hester? As a young woman, Hester married an elderly scholar, Chillingworth, who sent her ahead to America to live. While waiting for him, she had an affair with a Puritan minister named Dimmesdale, after which she gave birth to Pearl. The scarlet letter is her punishment for her sin and her secrecy. Why does she make the embroidery of the letter A so elaborate? It seems to declare that she is proud, rather than ashamed, of her sin. In reality, however, Hester simply accepts the “sin” and its symbol as part of herself, just as she accepts her child. And a lthough she can hardly believe her present “realities,” she takes them as they are rather than resisting them or trying to atone for them. How does this tell us about her character? Throughout The Scarlet Letter Hester is portrayed as an intelligent, capable. It is the extraordinary circumstances shaping her that make her such an important figure.Unit5 Herman Melville 1.What are the stories Ismael tells about Moby Dick? Ishmael compares the legend of Moby Dick to his experience of the whale.He notes that sperm whale attacks have increased recently and that superstitious sailors have come to regard these attacks as having an intelligent, even supernatural origin. In particular, wild rumors about Moby Dick circulate among whalemen, suggesting that he can be in more than one place at the same time and that he is immortal. Ishmael remarks that even the wildest of rumors usually contains some truth. Whales, for instance, have been known to travel with remarkable speed from the Atlantic to the Pacific; thus, it is possible for a whale to be caught in the Pacific with the harpoons of a Greenland ship in it.Moby Dick, who has defied capture numerous times, exhibits an “intelligent malignity”（狠毒）in his attacks on men2.Why does Ahab react so violently against the white whale? First, he lost one of his legs because of the white whale. Second,He considers Moby Dick the embodiment of evil in the world, and he pursues the White Whale，because he believes it hisinescapable fate to destroy this evil. Ishmael suggests that Ahab is “crazy”and call him “a raving lunatic.” Do you agree with him? Why or why not? Ishmael describes Ahab as mad in his narration, and it does indeed seem mad to try to fight the forces of nature or God.3.What narrative features can you find in the selected chapter? In the selected charpter, Melville employed the technique of multiple view of his narrative to portray Moby Dick to achieve the effect of ambiguity and let readers judge the meaning.Unit 6 Henry David Thoreau 1.Where indeed did Thoreau live, both at a physical level and at a spiritual level? He lived in a cabin on Walden Pond, which belonged to Emerson’s property.2.Had Thoreau ever bought a farm? Why did he enjoy the act of buying?No, he hadn’t. He avoided purchasing a farm because it would inevitably tie him down financially and complicate his life.Thoreau didn’t see the acquisition of wealth as the goal for human existence, he saw the goal of life to be an exploration of the mind and of the magnificent world around us. He regarded the places as an existence free of obligations and full of leisure.3.Is it significant that Thoreau mentioned the Fourth of July as the day on which he began to stay in the woods? Why? Yes, it is. Because The Fourth of July is known as Independence Day,the birthday ot the United States. Here Thoreau uses the day to express his beginning of regeneration at Walden. It also means a symbol of his conquest of being.4.How could you answer the question Thoreau asked at the end of this selection?Unit 7 19th Century American Poets1. Henry Wadsworth Longfellow(1) I Shot an Arrow…1. Why did the speaker lose sight of his arrow and song?The arrow flies too swiftly and too far away to be seen by the speaker; whereas the song is naturally invisible.2. In what circumstances did he find them again?He finds them unexpectedly years later from the trunk of a tree and the heart of a friend.3. What do arrow and song stand for in this poem?The images of arrow and song here may stand for friendship.(2) A Psalm of Life1. What kind of person is the speaker of this poem?The speaker is a man of action, always optimistic and cheerful, trying to achieve as much as possible in the short span of life.2. According to the poem, how should our lives be led to overcome the fact that each day brings us nearer to death?We should work harder and live happier.3. Interpret the metaphor of "Footprints on the sand of time" (line 28).The metaphor refers to human deeds in real life.2. Walt Whitman(1)One's Self I Sing1. What is the significance of singing about one's self?It is an exaltation of the individual spirit, which is typical of American people.2. What is the difference between physiology and physiognomy? Physiology is a science that deals with the functions and life process of human beings, whereas physiognomy refers to an art of judging character from contours of face itself or the appearance of a person.3. What does Whitman mean by the term of "the Modern Man"?He means that a man should be free from any prejudice and pride, totally different from the traditional one, that is full of bias.(3) O Captain! My Captain!1. Why is the word "Captain" capitalized throughout the poem?In this poem the word “Captain” specially refers to Abraham Lincoln, president of the United States.2. What overall metaphor does the poet employ in this poem?Life is a journey.3. Why do people on the shores exult and bells ring, while the speaker remains so sad?They welcome the ship returning from its hard trip, whereas the speaker is sad because the captain fails to receive his own honor. 3.Emily Dickinson(1) To Make a Prairie …1. What things are needed to "make" a prairie? In what sense can one really do it?Some grass and insects and small animals. People can make a prairie with their imagination.2. How can "revery alone" create a prairie?The prairie stays in one's mind.(2) Success Is Counted Sweetest1. Why is success "counted sweetest by those who ne'er succeed"? Those who have tasted the bitterness of failure would have a keener desire for success.2. Who are "the purple host"?The so-called successful people in the world.3. Who is "he" in the last stanza?Anyone who is pursuing his success.(3) I'm Nobody!1. Who are the "pair of us" and "they" in this poem? The "pair of us" refers to the speaker in the poem and the reader, and "they" refers to the public, especially those in power.2. What does "an admiring bog" really mean?" (line 28).It Implies the vain and empty common people, who are always admiring and pursuing the celebrities.3. What is the theme of this poem?The real admirable life is a secluded and common one.4. Do you want to be "nobody" or "somebody"? Explain your reasons.Different persons would have different answers to this question. Personally, I prefer to be nobody.Unit 8 Mark Twain1: Why do you think Mr.Wheeler is so eager to tell these stories? From Mr.Wheeler’s behaviors and contents of his narration we can know he is so eager to tell these stories.First, when "I" asked him to tell "me" something about W.Smiley, he “ backed me into a corner and blockaded me with his chair, and then sat down and reeled off the narrative”. And during the process of telling his stories, he never paid any attention to others'response to his story and just went on telling what amused him. At last when the listener felt boring and wanted to leave, Mr.Wheeler even didn't notice it and still asked him to sit there listening to him.2: Does his audience share his enthusiasm in telling the stories? No. the audience does not show any interest in Mr.Wheeler’ stories. In fact, the narrator was very feverish about his stories, but ,in the eyes of the listener,the stories were very boring and had nothing to do with his preoccupation. As an educated man, the listener couldn'tunderstand the way of laborers for joy, and he would never bother himself to understand it. So after the long time of Mr.Wheeler’ solo narration and when the audience got a chance, he fled away.3: Do you think the narrator and his listener ever suspect the presence of humor? Why? How do you interpret their interactions? The narrator and his listener never noticed or suspected the presence of humor.During the intercourse,the narrator went vigorously on his monotonous narrative "wihout a little smiling" talking about the animals and the things like ,while the listener felt rather puzzled or bothered by his stories.It seemed to be kind of coarse things. So the two different scenes go on separately without a intersection.And their interaction was a complete failure according toour common sense about communication.But it in this sense produced the effect of humor which can be tasted by our readers due to the skills adopted by Mark Twain .Unit 14 F·Scott Fitzgerald1.Do you think Gatsby deserves to be called “the great”? Why? （1）I think it is too complicated to simply say Gatsby deserves to be ―great‖or not.For one thing, Gatsby was ambitious,hardworking, generous and passionate. He was so extremely loyal to his love and Daisy that he could do anything to get Daisy back: he did shady business to earn money and social position; he threw luxurious parties just to draw Daisy’s attention; he could take the blame for a death that he did not cause.（2）In this respect, he is much ―greater‖than his contemporaries. For another thing, Gatsby never realized that Daisy wasn’t the girl he loved anymore. Gatsby was so innocent that he staked everything on his dreams, not realizing that his dreams are unworthy of him. He wasn’t sober enough to be great.2.Does “the green light”Gatsby believed in exist in reality? Why or why not ?（1）I think ―the green light‖ does not exist in reality. Because the green light which situated at the end of Daisy’s East Egg dock and barely vis ible from West Egg lawn represents Gatsby’s unattainable dream. Although the color itself can be seen as hope and bright future, Gatsby’s quest for Daisy back is doomed to be impossible. Daisy lived in ―a material world without being real, where poor ghosts, breathing dream like air‖.（2）After five years when Gatsby met Daisy again, the miracle Daisy had lost her original glory. Therefore, there is no delaying that Gatsby’s dream would not come true. In the novel, the green light not only represents that innocent Gatsby looked forward to the future, but also means his longing for the history –his happy past with Daisy. The distinction between ideal and reality was huge. As if American dream between golden past and golden future always suffered from the realistic betrayal and crush.3.What does Gatsby’s Schedule reveal about him and how does it relate to the American Dream?（1）The schedule is a reflection of Gatsby’s determination and ambition. It reveals that he is hard on himself in pursuit of his goal—to be an upper-class man.（2）On one hand, we can know that he is persistent in pursuing his American Dream-- to attain wealth and happiness through his struggle. On the other hand, he is too idealistic and naive.（3）He tries his best to make money and learns everything required to be an upper-class man so that he can get access to his beloved girl.Money is important，but there are other barriers difficult to penetrate. The girl he loves is as vulgar and superficialas others in her circle, she is unable to meets Gatsby’s romantic fantasy. So his dream is destined to shatter, which indicates the disillusion of American Dream.4.When you read the line “He (the man with owl-eyed glasses) took off his glasses and wiped them again, outside and in ,” what images does it create in your mind, given the novel’s numerous references to the strikingly strange scene of the spectacled eyes?（1）From this line , superficially, owl-eyes is a person with thick and blurry glasses who can not see clearly all the things in the world. However, we know he is actually an owl-wise observer and sees more clearly than anyone else in the novel. Owl-Eyes, except Nick, is the only friend to appear at the rain-soaked burial of Gatsby, when others are unwilling to come. He feels sympathy for Gatsby’s tragedy.（2）After reading this line, I cannot help thinking of the Dr.Eckleburg billboard with its huge yellow spectacles in this novel. In many rainy days, Dr. Eckleburg’s eyes are also dimmed and seem blind. But in fact this is a pair of "all-seeing" eyes. The Owl-Eyed Man is similar to Dr. Eckleburg, sadly looking at the people’s life and idealism of this time. Both of them symbolize an uninvolvedspectator god. They watch all the activities of the humans. Owl-eyes is the avatar of the sightless Dr. Eckleburg.Unit 16 Ernest Hemingway1. How do you interpret the irony of the title after reading the story? （1）The title ―A Clean Well-Lighted Place‖ refers to the café in the text. The café was very clean and well- lighted. From the literary meaning, we may feel this place was very warm and comfortable, was a place where people need warmth wanted to go. So the old man, who was rich but deaf and lonely came here to find warmth and avoided nada. It was the only place he could go and could find some comfort.（2）However, the younger waiter was very selfish. As his wife was waiting him on the bed, he wanted to go home early. Therefore, he refused to offer the old man another cup of wine by the excuse that the business was finished. In fact, there was still an hour from closing time. The younger thought an hour was more important to him than to the old man. The old man needed to leave the only place where he could get far away from nada/ nothing. This caféshould be warm but the younger waiter forced the lonely and deaf to leave without any sympathy. This is the irony of the title.2. Do you think youth and confidence can help one withstand the metaphorical dark？Why or why not? （1）I don’t think so.In our opinion, the metaphorical dark means nada，nothing in one’s inner heart. In the article, the younger waiter had both youth and confidence; however, he never made full use of them. As we can see, he didn’t understand the old man’s suicide and excessive drinking, and failed to see his tomorrow through the old man’s present situation.（2）What’s more, he had no idea that youth is not permanent, which cannot guarantee love and work. From above, there is no denying that he didn’t realize his nada. Therefore, his youth and confidence never contributed to withstanding his metaphorical dark.（3）I think that, nowadays, youth and confidence do can help to withstand the metaphorical dark, for one can bravely face the reality and overcome the nada with youth and confidence. But they only serve as two main factors. In fact, we need some other factors such as courage, dignity and so on if we want to withstand the metaphorical dark successfully.3.The older waiter said to the younger waiter:“We are of two different kinds.” In what way do you think they are different?（1）I think they are different from each other in the following four aspects：In the beginning, they are in different ages.The older waiter was in his middle age; while the other was much younger.（2）Then, they have different attitudes towards the old man. From the article, we know the older waiter had suffered a lot. He had maintained a clean and well-lighted place in his heart, and he could understand the old man and show sympathy to him. However, the young man was very selfish. He wanted to go home early so that he finished the business one hour earlier and forced the old man to leave. He showed hatred rather than sympathy to the old man.（3）Next, they have different attitudes towards life. The older waiter had a deep sense of life. He was brave and wanted to fight again nada. Besides, he cared about others. The younger one was totally different; he has a shadow understanding of life. He satisfied with his present love and work, he only care about himself and was reluctant to take others into consideration. He even never thought of his future.（4）Finally, they have different attitudes towards nada. The older waiter had realized that it is impossible to avoid nada in one’s whole life. The only thing he can do is to keep a kind of clearness in his own mind. So he was willing to work late for the lonely old man and was pleased to help those who are suffering nada.But out of youth and confidence, he failed to overcome nada. On the contrary, the younger waiter had the two most important factors for withstanding nada; however, he didn’t realize the nada in his heart at all. Then his youth and confidence became useless.Unit 17 20th -Century American Poets1. Ezra Pound In A Station of the Metro1. Why does the poet call the faces of pedestrians "apparition"? These pedestrians are all walking in a hurry amidst the drizzling rain.2. What do "petals" and "bough" stand for? Petals refer to the faces while the bough stands for the floating crowd.2. Wallace Stevens Anecdote of the Jar1. What does the jar in poem symbolize? Why does the speaker place it on top of a hill? The jar here symbolizes a certain perspective on looking at this world. If the perspective of the viewing is creative and unique, it will change the conventional order of the old world. When a new perspective comes out, it will certainly hold attention from the rest.2. The jar is "round" and "of a port in air," meaning that it has a stately importance. What effect does it have on surroundings whenplaced on the ground? Maybe the round jar assumes the air of a domineering figure, which helps to form a certain order out of the disordered surrounding.3. How did the wilderness of Tennessee characterized? What words or phrases does the poet use to describe it? Tennessee seems to a place full of life and energy. “Slovenly,” “sprawl” and “wild” are some of the words used to describe the place. (See Anecdote of the Jar )4.Robert Frost(1)Fire and Ice1. What are the symbolic meanings of fire in this poem? Fire symbolizes natural disaster, human passion, as well as war.2. Why does the speaker say that ice is also great for destruction? Explain what ice stands for here. Ice, oppose to fire, is also a dreadful natural disaster in this world, and ice is always related to indifference, coldness, hatred, and the other negative sentiments of human beings.3. What is your opinion about fire and ice? Which one is more destructive? Both fire and ice can destroy this beautiful world ifthey are beyond control of human beings. Therefore we should be open-minded and reduce our prejudice and pride so as to keep this world in peace.(2)Stopping By Woods On a Snowy Evening1. In your opinion, what was the reason that made the speaker stop by the woods on a snowy evening? The poet was deeply attracted by the natural beauty of the scene at that very moment.2. Why did the horse give the harness bell a shake? The horse grew impatient by stopping in the middle of the dark, cold woods at midnight. It was eager to go home.3. Why couldn't the speaker stay longer by the woods to appreciate its mysterious beauty? He realized that it was late at night and he would have to hurry home to get some food and sleep, because the next morning he would have a lot of work to do.4. What is the effect of repetition in the last two lines? The refrain-like repetition in the last two lines reminds the reader a simple fact of life: whatever happens, one must go forward in the journey of his or her life.(3) The Road Not Taken1. What is the speaker's initial response to the divergence of the two roads? The speaker is at a loss which road he should choose, and he feels sorry that he cannot explore both roads at the same time.2. Describe the similarities and differences of these two roads. Which one does the speaker take? Two roads are similar except one of them is more “grassy,” which implies that it is less traveled by people. The speaker prefers the less traveled one, because he likes adventure.3. What might the two roads stand for in the speaker's mind? One road stands for the traditional one and the other is unconventional one and full of challenges and difficulties. To follow other people's footsteps or to open a new road for himself is really not an easy decision for us to make in our lives.Unit22 Allen GinsbergAll through the poem, the speaker is addressing to Walt Whitman. Is this poem about Walt Whitman or about modern America?-----from Allen Ginsberg A Supermarket in CaliforniaThe author in this poem wanted to emphasis his theme about showing his respect to the passed age and showing his worry aboutthe corrupt in the part of spirit and society. As we all know, Walt Whitman’s poetry was a revolution in American literature can be seen in the first publication of Leaves of Grass in 1855. His poetry is “free verse” in that the lack of meter and rhyme is known as his major technical innovation. Allen Ginsberg had a highly praise on him. As the movement of Beat Generation, Allen Ginsberg used poetry as weapon to express his own understanding of Beat---beatific and beat down.In this poem, the author wrote the sentence “shopping for images”. What he wanted to buy is the things which were listed by Walt Whitman many years ago. What is in the supermarket? The fresh fruits on the shelf fit the needs of customers and the families. We across a strange statement: shopping for images. How can we shop for images? What he refers to us is still the pure image---“dreaming of your enumerations”. The things on the shelf are the images of langu ages in Walt Whitman’s poetry. The language in Walt Whitman’s poetry and the spirit in his poetry are the things which Allen Ginsberg dreamed of. A young America which is full of energy is worth being praised. Allen Ginsberg found the song of himself, the song full of courage and the echo of the real world among Walt Whitman’s work. The meaning of age in this poem is that the nation or the race opens the age which belongs to them andcreates the history of them own. To a certain extend, the age singer equals the national singer. The world is the world which has its features of timing and events. This means that the link of combining the world is not the same as the goods on the shelf but the things which contain the world and individual spirits.There is a difference between Walt Whitman’s poetry and the successor’s poetry.The former poetry focused on the point of the combing of the poetry and the real world. It extended the full of fruit of the history through he understood the meaning of lives living on earth.The latter’s poetry showed that the nature of material has been deprived from the former world. Our moral and spirit has become the goods in the supermarket or the desire in every family in the capitalism nations. Allen Ginsberg recalled the dream of poetry and moral in Walt Whitman’s age.In this poem, Allen Ginsberg imaged Walt Whitman passing through the death to come to the age which was so called the Golden Age of America. What he can see? How can he do? Would he care about the price and marke t’s conditions as the American middle-aged women? Allen Ginsberg follows Walt Whitman in the。