【最新】2016新东方六级考试模拟题2范文听力原文及答案

听力原文及答案2016年5月大学英语六级考试模拟题一Part I WritingAs is shown in the picture, a boy is telling a girl his experience in making friends. He, like many of modern people, tends to use social networking websites to meet new friends. They love the time they spend with their new acquaintances on the Internet. In my opinion, it‟s total madness for people to do that.The use of social networking websites in cultivating friendship influences our life in a bad way. Firstly, the use of social networking websites may undermine our interpersonal skills in dealing with people in our real life. Secondly, interacting with new friends online may estrange us instead of drawing us closer, though often such communication does offer some fun. Lastly, friendship got by means of those websites may not last long, which may render us a feeling of great loss afterwards.In my opinion, it‟s time we took action to cultivate real friendship for our own benefit. For one thing, we should adopt a correct attitude towards friendship, which involves substantial help with our study or work in daily life, not in the virtual world. For another, we should step aside from the shining pictures, video clips, or voice messages passed to and fro via the websites, and actually meet new friends in person to have a chance to savor the sweetness friends can bring us.Part II Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear some questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken onlyonce. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choicesmarked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1with asingle line through the centre.Conversation OneW: Hello, Professor Smith.M: Yes, Lily, any problem with the writing assignment?W: Yes. I‟m about to write my research paper summary. I‟m confused about the difference between a research paper and a research paper summary.M: I have a questions, have you finished writing your research paper?W: Not yet, I‟m in the middle of it.M: Then, it‟s advisable for you to wait after you finish your report.W: Why can‟t I do these two at the same time?M: No, you can‟t. To write a summary, you should first of all need to finish your report. Then, review your main ideas, and condense them into a short document.W: I see. The best way to begin writing the research summary is by reviewing my report.M: Yes. That‟s right.W: It seems I‟d better write my report at a faster speed.M: Ok. And, as you said just now, you don‟t know the difference between the report and the summary, right?W: Yes, I do. As I understand, they both write about the same thing. The difference is their length, one is longer and the other is a little bit shorter.M: Yes, you can say that again. Let‟s talk about their differences in class at a later time. But, in structure, they‟re similar.W: Similar? I know, for a research paper, it has a beginning, a middle and an end.M: Yes, so has the report summary. The beginning should introduce the topic and how you plan to address it. The middle of the summary will provide the main points you use to support your argument. The end of the document should summarize the conclusions your paper reaches.W: It seems to be so complex and so hard.M: You‟ll be better off if you keep two things in mind. One is to be concise, and the other is not to use too complicated terms.Questions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard.1. When is the right time to write a report summary?2. How‟s Lily‟s research paper going for now?3. What does the middle of a research paper summary write about?4. What does the professor suggest Lily do at the end of the conversation?1. C2. A3. B4.CConversation TwoW: This is Lucy Bowen. I‟m talking with Professor Jimmy Whitworth, from the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine. Welcome, Professor!M: It‟s my honor to be here, and talk about a topic which may make the audience a little bit comfortable or horrible. That is, Ebola, which is spreading mostly in African countries. But, according to the news, more than 17,000 people in West Africa have survived Ebola infection. Sadly, doctors from the US National Institute of Health said, most of them will have long-lasting health problems. W: They have survived Ebola. That‟s very lucky. But, again, they have to feel its potential challenges. M: Yes, you can say that again. The related study shows that survivors in Liberia had developed body weakness, memory loss and depressive symptoms in 6 months after leaving hospital.W: So, in a way, Ebola hasn‟t gone away from these people.M: Yes. When people had memory loss, it tended to affect their daily living, for example, they couldn‟treturn to school or normal jobs, and some people may have terrible sleeping problems, regular headaches, and even some patients are “actively suicidal”.W: Is there any available ways to cure these problems?M: Well, we‟re only trying to figure out what some of these problems are physical or mental. However, there‟s still much to learn about Ebola‟s other potential consequences, and there will be a long way to go before effective ways are found to cure them.Questions 5 to 8 are based on the conversation you have just heard.5. What were the speakers talking about?6. How many patients survive Ebola infection in West Africa?7. What symptoms did survivors in Liberia develop after leaving hospital?8. What problems does memory loss cause for Ebola survivors?5. A6. C7. B8. CSection BDirections:In this section, you will hear two passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear aquestion, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through thecentre.Passage OneSports enthusiasts at every level are clearly aware that the …mental‟ part of performance can be just as important as the physical. Good performance in gymnastics is often said to 90% mental and 10% physical. Other sports see …hidden‟ factors, such as confidence and a …cool‟ head under pressure, make up more than 50% of success.Many will talk about …being in the zone‟ when they perform at their peak. Olympic 100-metre gold medalist Linford Christie described his focus on the starting line as being like looking down a long, straight tune. His ability to blank out other competitors, the roar of the crowd, gave him those extra advantages over his rivals.In sport, psychology matters—and at every level. If you go onto the tennis court telling yourself that you‟ve never beaten Joe before and that you‟re not going to beat him today, then the result is very predictable.So, optimism boosts sporting performance, both at team and individual levels. Research into baseball and basketball teams in the USA revealed that teams have their own styles. The style used by teams after a defeat or when under pressure in the last few minutes of a game will determine future performance, regardless of the quality of the team. Those who are optimistic in the face of defeat are more likely to be successful in their next game; those who explain failures negatively will performmore poorly. Research into swimmers revealed that the same trend holds for individual athletes. Quite simply, when under pressure optimistic sportsmen and women try harder—and they recover from defeat more quickly.Questions 9 to 11 are based on the passage you have just heard.9. How much will confidence account for in gymnasts‟ success?10. How did Linford Christie gain extra advantages over his rivals?11. How can optimism help boost performance in sports?9. C 10. B 11. CPassage TwoToday, let‟s learn something about Gettysburg National Military Park, which was built in memory of the Battle of Gettysburg. Fought over the first three days of July 1863, the Battle of Gettysburg was one of the most crucial battles of the Civil War. The battle brought disaster to the residents of Gettysburg. Every farm field or garden was a graveyard. Churches, public buildings and even private homes were hospitals, filled with wounded soldiers. By January 1864, the last patients were gone as were the surgeons, guards, nurses, tents and cookhouses. Only a temporary cemetery on the hillside remained as a testament to the courageous battle to save lives that took place at Camp Letterman.Prominent Gettysburg residents became concerned with the poor condition of soldiers‟ graves scattered over the battlefield and at hospital sites, and pleaded with Pennsylvania Governor Andrew Curtin for state support to purchase a portion of the battlefield to be set aside as a final resting place for the defenders of the Union cause.In 1864, a group of concerned citizens established the Gettysburg Battlefield Memorial Association whose purpose was to preserve portions of the battlefield as a memorial to the Union Army that fought here. A Federally-appointed commission of Civil War veterans oversaw the park‟s development as a memorial to both armies by identifying and marking the lines of battle. Administration of the park was transferred to the Department of the Interior, National Park Service in 1933, which continues in its mission to protect, preserve and interpret the Battle of Gettysburg and the Gettysburg Address to park visitors.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the passage you have just heard.12. What did the Civil War bring to the local people in Gettysburg?13. Who started the campaign for the protection of soldier graves?14. When was the Gettysburg Battlefield Memorial Association established?15. What was the responsibility of the veteran commission in building the park?12. B 13. B 14. A 15. CSection CDirections:In this section, you will hear recordings of lectures or talks followed by some questions.The recordings will be played only once. After you hear a question, you must choose thebest answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark thecorresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Now listen to the following recording and answer questions 16 to 19.Since the Industrial Revolution, natural habitats have been destroyed, and environments have been polluted, causing great harm to human beings, such as diseases in both humans and many other species of animals.In today‟s lesson, I will talk about land pollution, the sources of the pollution, its consequences and a few things we can do to prevent further pollution and protect our environment.To begin with, let‟s expand a little bit on the question, what is land pollution?Land pollution is the destruction of the earth‟s land surfaces, often directly or indirectly as a result of man‟s activities and their misuse of land resources. It occurs when waste is not dealt with properly, or can occur when humans throw chemicals onto the soil. Mining activities have also contributed to the worsening of the earth‟s surface.Human actions have caused many large areas of land to lose or reduce their capacity to support life forms. This is known as land degradation. Note that land degradation can result from many factors, and land pollution is only one of them.With regard to different sources of land pollution, many publications group them differently. Let us see these four main sources:Firstly, solid waste is the first source of land pollution. Solid waste includes all the various kinds of rubbish we make at home, school, hospitals, markets and workplaces. Things like paper, plastic containers, bottles, cans, food and even used cars and broken electronic goods, broken furniture and hospital waste are all examples of solid waste. Some of these can be easily coped with or decay into organic matter. Examples include food droppings, paper products as well as plants like grass and tree branches.However, others are not environment friendly, and they include plastics, metals and aluminum cans, broken computer and car parts. Because these do not easily decay, they pile up in places where all the city‟s rubbish are sent and stored, where they stay for thousands of years. These bring great harm to the land and people around it.The second source is the use of pesticides and fertilizers. Many farming activities engage in the application of fertilizers, pesticides and insecticides for higher crop yield. This is good because we get more food, but can you think of what happens to the chemicals that end up on the crops and soils? Sometimes, insects and small animals are killed and bigger animals that eat tiny animals (as in food chains) are also harmed. Finally, the chemicals may be washed down as it rains and over time, they end up in the water, causing water pollution.The third source is……16. In the eyes of the speaker, who should be responsible for land pollution?17. Why does the speaker mention “broken electronic goods”?18. Why do people use fertilizers in farming activities?19. What will the speaker probably talk about immediately after the passage?16. A 17. B 18. C 19. BNow listen to the following recording and answer questions 20 to 22.Almost 70 million children across the world are prevented from going to school each day, a study published today reveals. Those living in north-eastern Africa are the least likely to receive a good education—or any education at all, an umbrella body of charities and teaching unions known as the Global Campaign for Education has found.Somalia ranks the world‟s poorest countries according to their education systems. It has the least functional system in the world with just 10% of children going to primary school, while Eritrea is second worst. Haiti, Comoros and Ethiopia are in the similar situation.The report‟s authors, from charities including Plan and ActionAid, measured the likelihood of children attending primary school, a country‟s political will to improve its education system, and the quality of its schools to create the rankings.The study—Back to School? The Worst Places in the World—warns that attempts to ensure all children can attend school are under severe threat. By 2015, there will be more children out of school than there are today, unless the richest countries dramatically increase the aid they give to the poorest nations, the authors argue.“Poor countries are facing a worsening situation, as severe and deepening pressure from the economic downturn caused by the crisis of the rich world‟s banking system bites on their budgets,”David Archer, one of the authors from ActionAid says. Some £2.9bn is expected to be lost to education budgets in sub-Saharan Africa because of the economic crisis, he warns.Kenya, which is rated in the 50 worst countries for education, delayed plans to provide a free primary school education to 8.3 million children in September. The global economic crisis was one reason given for this.Girls are far less likely to attend school than boys in many of the world‟s poorest countries, the authors have found. In Malawi, of those that enroll, 22.3% of boys complete primary compared to 13.8% of girls. In rural Burkina Faso, 61% of girls are married by the age of 18 and over 85% never get to see the inside of a secondary school.Most rich countries have failed to keep their promises to help poor countries improve their education systems, according to the study. While the UK is active in aiding those countries, along with the Netherlands, Norway and Switzerland and Ireland, others—such as Greece, Austria, Italy and Germany—are not giving nearly as much as they should.20. What is said about Somalia?21. What should be done to prevent more children dropping out of school by 2015?22. What does the study say about girls in the world‟s poorest countries?20. A 21. C 22. DNow listen to the following recording and answer questions 23 to 25.Probably the best known nutrition fact about iron is that meats—particularly red meats—are rich in iron. While this is true, it is also true that a number of plant foods are also rich in iron. It may come as a surprise that researchers have found that people eating plant-based diets eat as much or more iron as people who regularly rely on animal foods. And, you‟ll see that the recommended list of excellent iron sources is largely dominated by plant foods.Without question, more human health problems worldwide are caused by iron deficiency than by lack of any other nutrient. Less well known is the fact that excessive iron stores are also responsible for a large burden of illness worldwide. As such, iron is a very important nutrient to understand not only for researchers and nutritionists but everyone, since we need to be aware of finding the right iron balance from our foods.But, iron really plays a big role in health support. All of the tissues in our body need a near constant supply of oxygen to maintain life. We maintain this oxygen delivery by the red cells in our blood. These have an iron-containing protein called hemoglobin, which is a perfect transporter for oxygen, in that it both picks up and releases oxygen in an exact and targeted way.The average man has about 2 grams of iron in his blood cells at any given time while women have about 1.6 grams. If the dietary iron intake falls below daily needs and this storage amount goes down, the ability to tolerate bursts of exercise will deteriorate. The reduction in blood count related to having low iron stores is called anemia.In addition to the key role iron plays in transporting oxygen to tissues, it also is necessary to support proper metabolism for muscles and other active organs. Almost all of the cells in our body burn dietary calories to create energy through a process that requires iron. When iron stores get low, this process gets compromised, and generalized fatigue can occur.23 What does the speaker say about iron and health?24. Why is iron important in health support?25. What is the speaker mainly talking about in the passage?23. A 24. A 25. BPart III Reading ComprehensionSection A26. O 27. M 28. D 29. B 30. I31. L 32. E 33. F 34. H 35. CSection B36. L 37. D 38. M 39. G 40. N41. B 42. J 43. K 44. I 45. HSection CPassage One46. C 47. B 48. C 49. D 50. APassage Two51. A 52. C 53. A 54. B 55. DPart IV TranslationChina is rapidly getting older. Three decades ago, only 5 percent of the population was over 65; today, 123 million peopl e, or 9 percent of the population, are over this age. By 2050 China‟s older population will likely swell to 330 million and younger generations face an unprecedented burden of care.In the late 1970s and early 1980s, the government advocated a "later, longer, fewer" lifestyle, encouraging people to marry later, have wide gaps between children and fewer children overall. It also set the controversial one-child policy. These were attempts to curb population growth in a bid to help modernise the economy. However, the population control policy resulted in an extremely low fertility rate, further increasing the proportion of the older population.。

2016年6⽉英语六级考试真题试卷附答案和解析（第2套）2016年6⽉英语六级考试真题试卷附答案和解析(第2套) Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutes towriteashortessayonlivingin thevirtualworld.Trytoimaginewhatwillhappenwhenpeoplespendmoreandmoreti meinthevirtualworldinsteadofinteractingintherealworld.Youarerequiredtowritea tleast150wordsbutnomorethan200words Section ADirections:In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer. from the four choices marked A), B),C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre. 注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。

Questions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard.1. A) The project the man managed at CucinTech.B) The updating of technology at CucinTech.C)The man's switch to a new career.D) The restructuring of her company.2. A) Talented personnel.B) Strategic innovation.C) Competitive products.D) Effective promotion.3. A) Expand the market.B) Recruit more talents.C) Innovate constantly.D) Watch out for his competitors.4. A) Possible bankruptcy.B) Unforeseen difficulties.C) Conflicts within the company.D) Imitation by one's competitors.Questions 5 to 8 are based on the conversation you have just heard.5. A) The job of an interpreter.B) The stress felt by professionals.C) The importance of language proficiency.D) The best way to effective communication.6. A) Promising.B) Admirable.C) Rewarding.D) Meaningful.7. A) They all have a strong interest in language.B) They all have professional qualifications.C) They have all passed language proficiency tests.D) They have all studied cross-cultural differences.8. A) It requires a much larger vocabulary.B) It attaches more importance to accuracy.C) It is more stressful than simultaneous interpreting.D) It puts one's long-term memory under more stress..SectionBDirections:Inthissection,youwillheartwopassages.Attheendofeachpassage,you willhearthreeorfourquestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1with asinglelinethroughthecentre. PassageOneQuestions9to11arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.9.A)Itmight affect mothers'health.B)Itmight disturb infants'sleep.C)Itmightincreasetheriskofinfants,death.D)Itmightincreasemothers'mentaldistress.10.A)Motherswhobreast-feedtheirbabieshaveahardertimefallingasleep.B)Motherswhosleepwiththeirbabiesneedalittlemoresleepeachnight.C)Sleepingpatternsofmothersgreatly affect theirnewbornbabies'health.D)Sleepingwithinfantsinthesameroomhasa negativeimpact onmothers.11.A)Changetheirsleeppatternsto adapt totheirnewbornbabies'.B)Sleepinthesameroombutnotinthesamebedastheirbabies.C)Sleepinthesamehousebutnotinthesameroomastheirbabies.D)T akeprecautionstoreducetheriskofsuddeninfantdeath syndrome. PassageTwoQuestions12to15arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.12.A)AlotofnativelanguageshavealreadydiedoutintheUS.B)TheUSranksfirstinthenumberofendangeredlanguages.C)Theeffortsto preserve Indianlanguageshaveprovedfruitless.D)MoremoneyisneededtorecordthenativelanguagesintheUS.13.A)Tosetupmorelanguageschools.B)To document endangeredlanguages.C)ToeducatenativeAmericanchildren.D)TorevitaliseAmerica'snativelanguages.14.A)TheUSgovemment'spolicyofAmericanisingIndianchildren.B)ThefailureofAmericanIndianlanguagestogainanofficial status.C)TheUSgovernment's unwillingness tospendmoneyeducatingIndians.D)Thelong-timeisolationofAmericanIndiansfromtheoutsideworld.15.A)Itisbeingutilisedtoteachnativelanguages.B)Ittells traditional storiesduringfamilytime.C)Itspeedsupthe extinction ofnativelanguages.D)Itiswidelyusedinlanguage immersion schools.SectionCDirections:Inthissection,youwillhearthreerecordingsoflecturesortalksfollowed bythreeorfourquestions.Therecordingswillbeplayedonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD). ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthece ntre. RecordingOneQuestions16to18arebasedonthe recording youhavejustheard.16.A)Itpaysthemuptohalfoftheir previous wageswhiletheylookforwork.B)Itcoverstheir mortgage paymentsandmedicalexpensesfor99weeks.C)Itpaystheirlivingexpensesuntiltheyfindemploymentagain.D)Itprovidesthemwiththebasicnecessitiesofeverydaylife.17.A)Creatingjobsforthehugearmyofunemployedworkers.B)Providingtrainingand guidance forunemployedworkers.C)Convincinglocallawmakersto extendunemployment benefits.D)Raising funds tohelpthosehavingno unemploymentinsurance.18.A)Toofferthemloanstheyneedtostarttheirownbusinesses.B)Toallowthemto postpone theirmonthly mortgage payments.C)Tocreatemorejobsbyencouragingprivateinvestmentsinlocalcompanies.D)To encourage bigbusinessestohirebackworkerswithgovernmentsubsidies. RecordingTwo Questions19to22arebasedonthe recording youhavejustheard.19.A)They measured thedepthsofseawater.B)Theyanalyzedthewatercontent.C)Theyexploredtheoceanfloor.D)Theyinvestigatedtheice.20.A)Eightypercentoftheicedisappearsinsummertime.B)Mostoftheicewasaccumulatedoverthepastcenturies.C)Theiceensuresthe survival ofmanyendangered species.D)Theicedecreaseismoreevidentthan previously thought.21.A)Arcticiceisamajor source oftheworld'sfreshwater.B)ThemeltingArcticicehasdrownedmanycoastalcities.C)The decline ofArcticiceisirreversible.D)Arcticiceis essential tohuman survival.22.A)Itwilldoalotofharmtomankind.B)Thereisnoeasywayto understand it.C)Itwilladvancenucleartechnology.D)Thereisnoeasytechnological solution toit.RecordingThreeQuestions23to25arebasedonthe recording youhavejustheard.23.A)ThereasonwhyNewZealandchildrenseemtohavebetterself-control.B)Therelationbetweenchildren'sself-control andtheirfuturesuccess.C)Thehealthproblemsofchildrenraisedbyasingleparent.D)Thedeciding factor inchildren's academicperformance.24.A)Childrenraisedbysingleparentswillhaveahardtimeintheirthirties.B)Thosewitha criminal recordmostlycomefromsingleparentfamilies.C)Parentsmustlearntoexerciseself-control infrontoftheirchildren.D)Lackofself-control inparentsisa disadvantage fortheirchildren.25.A)Self-control canbeimprovedthrougheducation.B)Self-control canimproveone'sfinancialsituation.C)Self-control problemsmaybedetectedearlyinchildren.D)Self-control problemswill diminish asonegrowsup.Section ADirections:In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on ,Answer Street 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Questions 26 to 35 are based on the following passage.The robotics revolution is set to bring humans face to face with an old fear—man-made creations as smart and capable as we are but without a moral compass. As robots take on ever more complex roles, the question naturally 26__________ : Who will be responsible when they do something wrong? Manufacturers? Users? Software writers? The answer depends on the robot. Robots already save us time, money and energy. In the future, they will improve our health care, social welfare and standard of living. The 27__________ of computational power and engineering advances will 28__________ enable lower-cost in-home care for the disabled, 29__________ use of driverless cars that may reduce drunk- and distracted-driving accidents and countless home and service-industry uses for robots, from street cleaning to food preparation. But there are30__________ to be problems. Robot cars will crash. A drone (遥控飞⾏器) operator will 31__________ someone's privacy.A robotic lawn mower will run over a neighbor's cat. Juries sympathetic to the 32__________ of machines will punish entrepreneurs with company-crushing 33__________ and damages. What should governments do to protect people while 34__________ space for innovation?Big, complicated systems on which much public safety depends, like driverless cars, should be built, 35__________ and sold by manufacturers who take responsibility for ensuring safety and are liable for accidents. Governments should set safety requirements and then let insurers price the risk of the robots based on the manufacturer's driving record, not the passenger's.A. arisesB. ascendsC. boundD. combinationE. definiteF. eventuallyG. interfereH. invadeI. manifestingJ. penaltiesK. preservingL. programmedM. proximatelyN. victimsO. widespreadSectionBDirections:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattach edtoit.Each statement containsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.Answerthequestionsbymarkingt hecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2. ReformandMedicalCosts[A]Americansaredeeply concerned aboutthe relentless riseinhealthcarecostsan dhealth insurancepremiums.Theyneedtoknowif reform willhelp solve theproblem.Theansweristhatnoonehasaneasyfixforrisingmedicalcosts.The fundamental f ix—reshapinghowcareisdeliveredandhowdoctorsarepaidinawasteful,abnormal system—islikelytobeachievedonlythrough trial anderrorandincremental(渐进的）gains.[B]ThegoodnewsisthatabilljustapprovedbytheHouseandabillapprovedbytheSen ateFinanceCommitteewould implement ortestmanyreformsthatshouldhelpslow theriseinmedicalcostsoverthelongterm.AsareportinTheNewEnglandJournalofMe dicineconcluded,"Prettymucheveryproposed innovation foundinthehealthpolicyliteraturethesed aysis contained inthesemeasures."[C]Medicalspending,whichtypicallyrisesfasterthanwagesandthe overall economy,ispropelledbytwothings:thehighpriceschargedformedicalservicesinthiscountry andthevolumeof unnecessary caredeliveredbydoctorsandhospitals,whichoften perform alotmoretestsandtreatmentsthanapatientreallyneeds.[D]HerearesomeoftheimportantproposalsintheHouseandSenatebillstotryto add ressthoseproblems,andwhyitishardtoknowhowwelltheywillwork.[E]BothbillswouldreducetherateofgrowthinannualMedicarepaymentstohospitals ,nursinghomesandotherprovidersbyamounts comparable tothe productivity sa vingsroutinelymadeinotherindustrieswiththehelpofnewtechnologiesandnewway sto organize work.This proposal couldsaveMedicaremorethan$100billionoverth enext decade.Ifprivateplansdemandedsimilar productivity savingsfromprovide rs,andrefusedtoletproviders shiftadditional coststothem,thesavingscouldbemu chlarger.CriticssayCongresswillgiveintolobbyistsandlet inefficient providersofft he hook ThatisfarlesslikelytohappenifCongressalsoadoptsstrongupaygo”rulesre quiringthatanyincreaseinpaymentstoprovidersbe offset bynewtaxesor budget cu ts.[F]TheSenateFinancebillwould impose an excise tax(消费税）onhealth insuranceplansthatcostmorethan$8,000foranindividualor$21,000forafamily.Itwouldmostlikelycauseinsurerstoredesignplanstofallbeneaththethreshold.Enrolleeswouldhavetopaymoremoneyformanyservicesoutoftheirownpocket s,andthatwould encouragethemtothinktwiceaboutwhetheranexpensiveor redu ndant testwasworthit.Economistsprojectthatmostemployerswould shift moneyf romexpensivehealthbenefitsintowages.TheHousebillhasnosimilartax.Thefinal le gislation should.[G]Anydoctorwhohaswrestledwith multiple formsfromdifferentinsurers,orpatie ntswhohavetriedto understand theirownparadeofstatements,knowthatsimplific ationoughttosavemoney.Whenthehealth insurance industrywasstillcooperatingin reform efforts,itstradegroupofferedtoprovidestandardizedformsforautomatedprocessing.Itestimatedthatstepwouldsavehundredsofbillionsofdollarsoverthene xt decade.Thebillswouldlockthat pledge intolaw.[H]Thestimuluspackageprovidedmoneyto convert the inefficient,paper-driven medicalsystemtoelectronicrecordsthatcanbeeasilyviewedandtransmitted.Thisre quiresopeninvestmentstohelpdoctors convert.Intimeitshouldhelp restrain costs byeliminating redundant tests,preventingdruginteractions,andhelpingdoctorsfi ndthebesttreatments.[I]Virtuallyallexpertsagreethatthefee-for-servicesystem—doctorsarerewardedf orthe quantity ofcareratherthanits quality oreffectiveness—isa primary reasont hatthecostofcareissohigh.Mostagreethatthe solution istopushdoctorstoacceptfi xedpaymentstocarefora particular illnessorforapatient'sneedsoverayear.Noone knowshowtomakethathappenquickly.Thebillsinbothhouseswouldstart pilot projectswithinMedicare.Theyincludesuchmeasuresasaccountablecareorganizationstotakechargeofapatient'sneedswithaneyeonbothcostand quality,and chronic dise asemanagementtomakesuretheseriouslyill,whoareresponsibleforthe bulk ofallhealthcarecosts,aretreatedproperly.Forthemostpart,theseexperimentsrelyon inc entive paymentstogetdoctorstotrythem.[J]Testinginnovationsdonogoodunlessthegoodexperimentsare identified andex pandedandthebadonesaredropped.TheSenatebillwouldcreatean independentc ommission tomonitorthe pilot programsand recommend changesinMedicare's p ayment policiesto urge providersto adopt reformsthatwork.Thechangeswouldha vetobeapprovedorrejectedasawholebyCongress,makingithardfornarrow-interes tlobbiesto bend lawmakerstotheirwill.[K]Thebillsinbothchamberswouldcreatehealth insurance exchangesonwhichsm allbusinessesandindividualscouldchoosefroman array ofprivateplansandpossibly apublicoption.Alltheplanswouldhavetoprovidestandard benefit packagesthatwouldbeeasytocompare.Togetaccesstomillionsofnewcustomers,insurerswouldha veastrong incentive tosellonthe exchange.Andthehead-to-head competition m ightgivethemastrong incentive tolowertheirprices,perhapsbyacceptingslimmer profitmarginsor demanding betterdealsfromproviders.[L]Thefinal legislation mightthrowapublicplanintothe competition,butthanksto thefierce opposition ofthe insurance industryandRepublicancritics,itmightnotsa vemuchmoney.TheoneintheHousebillwouldhavetonegotiaterateswithproviders,r atherthanusingMedicarerates,asmanyreformerswanted.[M]Thepresident'sstimuluspackageispumpingmoneyintoresearchtocompareho wwellvarioustreatmentswork.Issurgery,radiation orcarefulmonitoringbestforp rostate(前列腺)cancer?Isthelatestandmostexpensivecholesterol-loweringdruganybettertha nitscommoncompetitors?Thependingbillswouldspend additional moneyto accel erate thiseffort. [N]Criticshavechargedthatthis sensible ideawouldleadtorationingofcare. (Thatwouldbetrueonlyifyoubelievedthatpatientsshouldhavean unrestrained rig httotreatmentsproventobeinferior.)Asaresult,thebillsdonotrequire,astheyshould,thattheresultsofthesestudiesbeusedtoset payment ratesinMedicare.[O]CongressneedstofindthecouragetoallowMedicaretopaypreferentiallyfortreat mentsproventobesuperior.Sometimesthebesttreatmentmightbethemostexpen sive.But overall,we suspect thatspendingwouldcomedownthrough elimination ofalotof unnecessary orevendangeroustestsandtreatments.[P]TheHousebillwould authorize thesecretaryofhealthandhumanservicestonego tiatedrugpricesinMedicareandMedicaid.Some authoritative analystsdoubtthatt hesecretarywouldgetbetterdealsthanprivateinsurersalreadyget.Webelieve nego tiation couldwork.Itdoesinothercountries. [Q]Missingfromthesebillsisanyseriousattempttoreinin malpractice costs.Malpra cticeawardsdodriveup insurance premiumsfordoctorsinhigh-riskspecialties,and thereissome evidence thatdoctors engage in"defensivemedicine"byperformingt estsandtreatmentsprimarilytoprovetheyarenot negligent shouldtheygetsued. 注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

2016年6月英语六级真题听力原文(二)Part ⅡListening? ComprehensionSection AQuestions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard. W: So, Mike, (1)you manage the innovation project at CucinTech. M: I did indeed.W: Well, then, first, congratulations. (1)It seems to have been very successful.M: Thanks. Yes, I really help things turn around at CucinTech. W: (2)Was the revival in their fortunes entirely due to strategic innovation?M: (2)Yes, yes, I think it was. CucinTech was a company who were very much following the pack, doing what everyone else was doing and getting rapidly left behind. I could see there was a lot of talent there, and some great potential, particularly in their product development. I just had to harness that somehow.W: Was innovation at the core of the project?M: Absolutely. If it doesn’t sound like too much of Cliché, (3)ourworld is constantly changing and it’s changing quickly. We need to be innovating constantly to keep up with this. Stand still and you are lost.W: No stopping to sniff the roses?M: Well, I’ll do that in my personal life. Sure. But as a business strategy, I’m afraid there is no stopping.M: What exactly is strategic innovation then?W: Strategic innovation is the process of managing innovation, of making sure it takes place at all levels of the company, and that is related to the company’s overall strategy.W: I see.M: So, instead of innovation for innovation’s sake and new products being created simply because the technology is there, the company culture must switch from these pointing-time innovations to continuous pipeline of innovations from everywhere and everyone. W: How did you align strategies throughout the company?M: I soon became aware that campaigning is useless. People take no notice. Simply it came about through good practice trickling down. This built consent. People could see it was the best way to work. W: Does innovation on the skill really give a competitive advantage?M: I am certain of it, absolutely, especially if it’s difficult for a competitor to copy. (4)The risk is of course that innovation may frequently lead to imitation.W: But not if it’s strategic?M: Precisely.W: Thanks for talking to us.M: Sure.Questions 5 to 8 are based on the conversation you have just heard. M: (5)Today, my guest is Dayna Ivanovich who has worked for the last twenty years as an interpreter. Dayna, welcome.W: Thank you.M: Now, I’d like to begin by saying that I have on occasions used an interpreter myself as a foreign correspondent. (6)So I am full of admiration for what you do, but I think your profession is sometimes underrated, and many people think anyone who speaks more than one language can do it.W: (7)There aren’t any interpreters I know who don’t have professional qualifications and training. You only really get proficient after many years in the job.M: I may be right in saying you can divide what you do into two distinct methods—simultaneous and consecutive interpreting.W: That’s right. The techniques you use are different, and a lot of interpreters will say one is easier than the other, less stressful. M: Simultaneous interpreting, putting someone’s words into another language more or less as they speak, sounds to me like the more difficult.W: Well, actually no. (8)Most people in the business would agree that consecutive interpreting is the more stressful. You have to wait for the speaker to deliver quite a chunk of language before you then put it into the second language, which puts your short-term memory under intense stress.M: You make notes, I presume.W: Absolutely, anything like numbers, names, places have to be noted down. But the rest is never translated word for word. You have to find a way of summarizing it, so that the message is there. Turning every single word into the target language would put too much strain on the interpreter and slow down the whole process too much.M: But, with simultaneous interpreting, you start translating almost as soon as the other person starts speaking. You must have some preparation beforehand.W: Well, hopefully the speakers will let you have an outline of the topic a day or two in advance. You have a little time to do research, prepare technical expressions and so on.Section BQuestions 9 to 11 are based on the passage you have just heard.(9)Mothers have been warned for years that sleeping with their newborn infant is a bad idea because it increases the risk that the baby might die unexpectedly during the night. But now Israeli researchers are reporting that even sleeping in the same room can have negative consequences: not for the child, but for the mother.(10)Mothers who slept in the same room as their infants, whether in the same bed or just the same room, had poorer sleep than mothers whose babies slept elsewhere in the house: They woke up more frequently, were awake approximately 20 minutes longer per night, and had shorter periods of uninterrupted sleep. These results held true even taking into account that many of the women in the study were breast-feeding their babies. Infants, on the other hand, didn’t appear to have worse sleep whether they slept in the same or different room from their mothers. The researchers acknowledge that since the families they studied were all middle-class Israelis, it’s possible the results would be different in different cultures. Lead author Liat Tikotzky wrote in an email that the research team also didn’t measure fathers’ sleep, so it’s possible that their sleep patternscould also be causing the sleep disruptions for moms. (11)Right now, to reduce the risk of sudden infant death syndrome, the American Academy of Pediatrics recommends that mothers not sleep in the same bed as their babies but sleep in the same room. The Israeli study suggests that doing so may be best for the baby, but may take a toll on mom.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the passage you have just heard.(12)The US has already lost more than a third of the native languages that existed before European colonization, and the remaining 192 are classed by UNESCO as ranging between “unsafe” and “extinct”.(13)“We need more funding and more effort to return these languages to everyday use,” says Fred Nahwooksy of the National Museum of the American Indian. “We are making progress but money needs to be spent on revitalising languages, not just documen ting them.” Some 40 languages, mainly in California and Oklahoma, where thousands of Indians were forced to relocate in the 19th Century, have fewer than 10 native speakers. “Part of the issue is that tribal groups themselves don’t always believe their lan guages are endangered until they’re down to the last handful of speakers. But progress is being made through immersion schools, because if you teach children when they’re young it will stay with them as adults and that’s the future,” says Mr. Nahwooksy, a Comanche Indian. Such schools have become a model in Hawaii. But theislanders’ local language is still classed by UNESCO as “critically endangered” because only 1,000 people speak it. (14)The decline in American Indian languages has historical roots: In the mid-19th Century, the US government adopted a policy of Americanising Indian children by removing them from their homes and culture. Within a few generations most had forgotten their native tongues. (15)Another challenge to language survival is television. It has brought English into homes and pushed out traditional story-telling and family time together, accelerating the extinction of native languages. Section CQuestions 16 to 18 are based on the recording you have just heard. Greg Rosen lost his job as a sales manager nearly three years ago and is still unemployed.“It literally is like something in a dream, to remember what it’s like to actually be able to go out, and put in a day’s work and receive a day’s pay.”At first, Rosen bought groceries and made house payments with the help from unemployment insurance. (16)It pays laid off workers up to half of their previous wages while they look for work. But now, that insurance has run out for him, and he has to make tough choices. He’s cut back on medicati ons and he no longer helps support his disabled mother.It is a devastating experience.New research says the U.S. recession is now over, but many people remain unemployed. And unemployed workers face difficult odds. There is literally only one job opening for every five unemployed workers, so four out of five unemployed workers have actually no chance of finding a new job.Businesses have downsized or shut down across America, leaving fewer job opportunities for those in search of work. Experts who monitor unemployment statistics here in Bucks County, Pennsylvania, say about 28,000 people are unemployed, and many of them are jobless due to no fault of their own.(17)That’s where the Bucks County CareerLink comes in. Local director Elizabeth Walsh says they provide training and guidance to help unemployed workers find local job opportunities.“So here’s the job opening, here’s the job seeker, match them together under one roof,” she says.But the lack of work opportunities in Bucks County limits how much she can help.Rosen says he hopes Congress will take action.This month he launched the 99ers Union, an umbrella organization of18 Internet-based grass roots groups of 99ers. Their goal is to convince lawmakers to extend unemployment benefits.But Pennsylvania State Representative Scott Petri says governments simply do not have enough money to extend unemployment insurance.(18)He thinks the best way to help the long-term unemployed is to allow private citizens to invest in local companies that can create more jobs. But the boost in investor confidence needed for the plan to work will take time—time that Rosen says still requires him to buy food and make monthly mortgage payments.Rosen says he’ll use the last of his savings to try to hang onto the home he worked for more than 20 years to buy. But once that money is gone, he says he doesn’t know what he’ll do.Questions 19 to 22 are based on the recording you have just heard.(19)Earlier this year, British explorer Pen Hadow and his team trekked for three months across the frozen Arctic Ocean, taking measurements and recording observations about the ice.“Well, we’d been led to believe that we would encounter a good proportion, of this older, thicker, technically multi-year ice that’s been around for a few years and just gets thicker and thicker. We actually found there wasn’t any multi-year ice at all.”(20)Satellite observations and submarine surveys over the past fewyears had shown less ice in the polar region, but the recent measurements show the loss is more pronounced than previously thought.“We’re looking at roughly 80 percent loss of ice cover on the Arctic Ocean in 10 years, roughly 10 years, and 100 percent loss in nearly20 years.”(21)Cambridge scientist Peter Wadhams who’s been measuring and monitoring the Arctic since 1971 says the decline is irreversible. “The more you lose, the more open water is created, the more warming goes on in that open water during the summer, the less ice forms in the winter, the more melt there is the following summer. It becomes a breakdown process where everything ends up accelerating until it’s all gone.”Martin Sommerkorn runs the Arctic program for the environmental charity the World Wildlife Fund.“The Arctic sea ice holds a central position in the Earth’s climate sys tem and it’s deteriorating faster than expected. Actually it has to translate into more urgency to deal with the climate change problem and reduce emissions.”Summerkorn says a plan to reduce greenhouse gas emissions blamed for global warming needs to come out of the Copenhagen climate changesummit in December.“We have to basically achieve there the commitment to deal with the problem now. That’s the minimum. We have to do that equitably and we have to find a commitment that is quick.”Wadhams echoes the need for urgency.“The carbon that we’ve put into the atmosphere keeps having a warming effect for 100 years, so we have to cut back rapidly now, because it will take a long time to work its way through into a response by the atmosphere. We can’t switch of f global warming just by being good in the future. We have to start being good now.”(22)Wadhams says there is no easy technological fix to climate change. He and other scientists say there are basically two options to replacing fossil fuels, generating energy with renewables, or embracing nuclear power.Questions 23 to 25 are based on the recording you have just heard. From a very early age, some children exhibit better self-control than others. (23)Now, a new study that began with about 1,000 children in New Zealand has tracked how a child’s low self-control can predict poor health, money troubles and even a criminal record in their adult years. Researchers have been studying this group of children for decades now. Some of their earliest observations have to do with thelevel of self-control the youngsters displayed. Parents, teachers, even the kids themselves, score the youngsters on measures like “acting before thinking” and “persistence in reaching goals”. The children of the study are now adults in their thirties. Terry Moffitt of Duke University and her research colleagues found that kids with self-control issues tended to grow up to become adults with far more troubling set of issues to deal with.“The children who had the lowest self-control when they were aged 3 to 10, later on had the most health problems in their thirties and they had the worst financial situation and they were more likely to have a criminal record and to be raising a child as a single parent on a very low income.”Speaking from New Zealand via Skype, Moffitt explained that self-control problems were widely observed and weren’t just a feature of a small group of misbehaving kids.“Even the children who had above-average self-control as preschoolers could have benefited from more self-control training. They could have improved their financial situation and their physical and mental health situation thirty years later.”So, children with minor self-control problems were likely as adults to have minor health problems, and so on. Moffitt said it’s still unclear why some children have better self-control than others,though she says other researchers have found that it’s mostly a learned behavior, with relatively little genetic influence. But good self-control can be set to run in families in that children who have good self-control are more likely to grow up to be healthy and prosperous parents.(24)“Whereas some of the low self-control study members are more likely to be single parents with a very low income and the parent is in poor healt h and likely to be a heavy substance abuser. So that’s not a good atmosphere for a child. So it looks as though self-control is something that in one generation can disadvantage the next generation.”(25)But the good news is that Moffitt says self-control can be taught by parents, and through school curricula that have proved to be effective.Terry Moffitt’s paper on “The Link Between Childhood Self-control and Adults’ Status Decades Later” is published in the proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 2020-2-8。

2016年6月六级真题二Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer. from the four choices marked A), B),C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。

Questions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard.1. A) The project the man managed at CucinTech.B) The updating of technology at CucinTech.C)The man's switch to a new career.D) The restructuring of her company.2. A) Talented personnel.B) Strategic innovation.C) Competitive products.D) Effective promotion.3. A) Expand the market.B) Recruit more talents.C) Innovate constantly.D) Watch out for his competitors.4. A) Possible bankruptcy.B) Unforeseen difficulties.C) Conflicts within the company.D) Imitation by one's competitors.Questions 5 to 8 are based on the conversation you have just heard.5. A) The job of an interpreter.B) The stress felt by professionals.C) The importance of language proficiency.D) The best way to effective communication.6. A) Promising.B) Admirable.C) Rewarding.D) Meaningful.7. A) They all have a strong interest in language.B) They all have professional qualifications.C) They have all passed language proficiency tests.D) They have all studied cross-cultural differences.8. A) It requires a much larger vocabulary.B) It attaches more importance to accuracy.C) It is more stressful than simultaneous interpreting.D) It puts one's long-term memory under more stress.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear two passages. At the end of each passage, youwill hear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。

2016年6月英语六级考试真题试卷附答案和解析(第2套) Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on living in the virtual world. Try to imagine what will happen when people spend more and more time in thevirtual world instead of interacting in the real world. You are required to write at least 150 wordsbut no more than 200 wordsll diminish as one grows up.Questions 26 to 35 are based on the following passage.The robotics revolution is set to bring humans face to face with an old fear—man-made creations as smart and capable as we are but without a moral compass. As robots take on ever more complex roles, the question naturally 26__________ : Who will be responsible when they do something wrong? Manufacturers?Users?Software writers? The answer depends on the robot. Robots already save us time, money and energy. In the future, they will improve our health care, social welfare and standard of living. The 27__________ of computational power and engineering advances will28__________ enable lower-cost in-home care for the disabled, 29__________ use of driverless cars that may reduce drunk- and distracted-driving accidents and countless home and service-industry uses for robots, from street cleaning to food preparation.But there are 30__________ to be problems. Robot cars will crash. A drone (遥控飞行器) operator will 31__________ someone's privacy. A robotic lawn mower will run over a neighbor's cat. Juries sympathetic to the 32__________ of machines will punish entrepreneurs with company-crushing 33__________ and damages. What should governments do to protect people while 34__________ space for innovation?Big, complicated systems on which much public safety depends, like driverless cars, should be built, 35__________ and sold by manufacturers who take responsibility for ensuring safety and are liable for accidents. Governments should set safety requirements and then let insurers price the risk of the robots based on the manufacturer's driving record, not the passenger's.A. arises F. eventually K. preservingB. ascends G. interfere L. programmedC. bound H. invade M. proximatelyD. combination I. manifesting N. victimsE. definite J. penalties O. widespreadSection BReform and Medical Costs[A] Americans are deeply concerned about the relentless rise in health care costs and healthinsurance premiums. They need to know if reform will help solve the problem. The answer isthat no one has an easy fix for rising medical costs. The fundamental fix—reshaping how careis delivered and how doctors are paid in a wasteful, abnormal system—is likely to be achievedonly through trial and error and incremental (渐进的）gains.[B] The good news is that a bill just approved by the House and a bill approved by the SenateFinance Committee would implement or test many reforms that should help slow the rise inmedical costs over the long term. As a report in The New England Journal of Medicine concluded,Pretty much every proposed innovation found in the health policy literature these days iscontained in these measures.[C] Medical spending, which typically rises faster than wages and the overall economy, ispropelled by two things: the high prices charged for medical services inthis country and thevolume of unnecessary care delivered by doctors and hospitals, which often perform a lotmore tests and treatments t1。

2016 年6 月大学英语六级考试真题〔第二套〕特别说明：2016 年 6 月大学英语六级试卷的三套试题有重叠部分,本试卷〔第二套〕只列出与第一、第三套不重复的试题.具体重叠部分：本卷所有听力题与第一套试卷有重复,本试卷不再列出.Part I Writing <30 minutes>For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on e-learning. Try to imagine what will happen when more and more people study online instead of attending school. You are required to write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.Directions:Part III Reading comprehension <40 minutes>Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the center. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.The robotics revolution is set to bring humans face to face with an old fear—man-made creations as smart and capable as we are but without a moral compass. As robots take on ever more complex roles, the question naturally 26 : Who will be responsible when they do something wrong? Manufacturers? Users? Software writers? The answer depends on the robot.Robots already save us time, money and energy. In the future, they will improve our health care, social welfare and standard of living. The 27 of computational power and engineering advances will 28 enable lower-cost in- home care for the disabled, 29 use of driverless cars that may reduce drunk- and distracted-driving accidents and countless home and service-industry uses for robots, from street cleaning to food preparation.But there are 30 to be problems. Robot cars will crash. A drone < 遥控飞行器 > operator will 31 someone’s privacy. A robotic lawn mower will run over a neighbor’s cat. Juries sympathetic to the 32 of machines will punish entrepreneurs with company-crushing 33 and damages. What should governments do to protect people while 34 space for innovation?Big, complicated systems on which much public safety depends, like driverless cars, should be built, 35 and sold by manufacturers who take responsibility for ensuring safety and are liable for accidents. Governments should set safety requirements and then let insurers price the risk of the robots based on the manufacturer’s driving record, not the passenger’s.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡 2 上作答.A> arises B> ascends C> bound D> combination E> definite F> eventually G> interfere H> invade I> manifesting J> penalties K> preserving L> programmed M> proximately N> victims O> widespreadSection BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter.Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.Reform and Medical Costs[A] Americans are deeply concerned about the relentless rise in health care costs and health insurance premiums. They need to know if reform will help solve the problem. The answer is that no one has an easy fix for rising medical costs. The fundamental fix—reshaping how care is delivered and how doctors are paid in a wasteful, abnormal system—is likely to be achieved only through trial and error and incremental < 渐进的 > gains.[B] The good news is that a bill just approved by the House and a bill approved by the Senate Finance Committee would implement or test many reforms that should help slow the rise in medical costs over the long term. As a report in The New England Journal of Medicine concluded, "Pretty much every proposed innovation found in the health policy Iiterature these days is contained in these measures."[C] Medical spending, which typically rises faster than wages and the overall economy, is propelled by two things: the high prices charged for medical services in this country and the volume of unnecessary care delivered by doctors and hospitals, which often perform a lot more tests and treatments than a patient really needs.[D] Here are some of the important proposals in the House and Senate bills to try to address those problems, and why it is hard to know how well they will work.[E] Both bills would reduce the rate of growth in annual Medicare payments to hospitals, nursing homes and other providers by amounts comparable to the productivity savings routinely made in other industries with the help of new technologies and new ways to organize work. This proposal could save Medicare more than $100 billion over the next decade. If private plans demanded similar productivity savings from providers, and refused to let providers shift additional costs to them, the savings could be much larger. Critics say Congress will give in to lobbyists and let inefficient providers off the hook <放过>. That is far less likely to happen if Congress also adopts strong "pay-go"rules requiring that any increase in payments to providers be offset by new taxes or budget cuts.[F] The Senate Finance bill would impose an excise tax < 消费税 > on health insurance plans that cost more than $8,000 for an individual or $21,000 for a family. It would most likely cause insurers to redesign plans to fall beneath the threshold. Enrollees would have to pay more money for many services out of their own pockets, and that would encourage them to think twice about whether an expensive or redundant test was worth it. Economists project that most employers would shift money from expensive health benefits into wages, The House bill has no similar tax. The final legislation should.[G] Any doctor who has wrestled with multiple forms from different insurers, or patients who have tried to understand their own parade of statements, know that simplification ought to save money. When the health insurance industry was still cooperating in reform efforts, its trade group offered to provide standardized forms for automated processing. It estimated that step would save hundreds of billions of dollars over the next decade. The bills would lock that pledge into law. [H] The stimulus package provided money to convert the inefficient, paper-driven medical system to electronic records that can be easily viewed and transmitted. This requires open investments to help doctors convert. In time it should help restrain costs by eliminating redundant tests, preventing drug interactions, and helping doctors find the best treatments.[I] Virtually all experts agree that the fee-for-service system—doctors are rewarded for the quantity of care rather than its quality or effectiveness—is a primary reason that the cost of care isso high. Most agree that the solution is to push doctors to accept fixed payments to care for a particular illness or for a patient’s needs over a year. No one knows how to make that happen quickly. The bills in both houses would start pilot projects within Medicare. They include such measures as accountable care organizations to take charge of a patient’s nee ds with an eye on both cost and quality, and chronic disease management to make sure the seriously ill, who are responsible for the bulk of all health care costs, are treated properly. For the most part, these experiments rely on incentive payments to get doctors to try them.[J] Testing innovations do no good unless the good experiments are identified and expanded and the bad ones are dropped. The Senate bill would create an independent commission to monitor the pilot programs and recommend changes in Medi care’s payment policies to urge providers to adopt reforms that work. The changes would have to be approved or rejected as a whole by Congress, making it hard for narrow-interest lobbies to bend lawmakers to their will.[K] The bills in both chambers would create health insurance exchanges on which small businesses and individuals could choose from an array of private plans and possibly a public option. All the plans would have to provide standard benefit packages that would be easy to compare. To get access to millions of new customers, insurers would have a strong incentive to sell on the exchange. And the head-to-head competition might give them a strong incentive to lower their prices, perhaps by accepting slimmer profit margins or demanding better deals from providers.[L] The final legislation might throw a public plan into the competition, but thanks to the fierce opposition of the insurance industry and Republican critics, it might not save much money. The one in the House bill would have to negotiate rates with providers, rather than using Medicare rates, as many reformers wanted.[M] The president’s stimulus package is pumping money into research to compare how well various treatments work. Is surgery, radiation or careful monitoring best for prostate < 前列腺> cancer? Is the latest and most expensive cholesterol-lowering drug any better than its common competitors? The pending bills would spend additional money to accelerate this effort.[N] Critics have charged that this sensible idea would lead to rationing of care. <That would be true only if you believed that patients should have an unrestrained right to treatments proven to be inferior.> As a result, the bills do not require, as they should, that the results of these studies be used to set payment rates in Medicare.[O] Congress needs to find the courage to allow Medicare to pay preferentially for treatments proven to be superior.Sometimes the best treatment might be the most expensive. But overall, we suspect that spending would come down through elimination of a lot of unnecessary or even dangerous tests and treatments.[P] The House bill would authorize the secretary of health and human services to negotiate drug prices in Medicare and Medicaid. Some authoritative analysts doubt that the secretary would get better deals than private insurers already get. We believe negotiation could work. It does in other countries.[Q] Missing from these bills is any serious attempt to rein in malpractice costs. Malpractice awards do drive up insurance premiums for doctors in high-risk specialties, and there is some evidence that doctors engage in "defensive medicine" by performing tests and treatments primarily to prove they are not negligent should they get sued.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡 2 上作答.36. With a tax imposed on expensive health insurance plans, most employers will likely transfer money from health expenses into wages.37. Changes in policy would be approved or rejected as a whole so that lobbyists would find it hard to influence lawmakers.38. It is not easy to curb the rising medical costs in America.39. Standardization of forms for automatic processing will save a lot of medical expenses.40. Republicans and the insurance industry are strongly opposed to the creation of a public insurance plan.41. Conversion of paper to electronic medical records will help eliminate redundant tests and prevent drug interactions.42. The high cost of medical services and unnecessary tests and treatments have driven up medical expenses.43. One main factor that has driven up medical expenses is that doctors are compensated for the amount of care rather than its effect.44. Contrary to analysts’ doubts, the author believes drug prices may be lowered through negotiation.45. Fair competition might create a strong incentive for insurers to charge less.Section CDirections:There are two passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A>, B>, C> and D>.You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the center.Passage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.Facing water shortages and escalating fertilizer costs, farmers in developing countries are using raw s ewage < 下水道污水 > to irrigate and fertilize nearly 49 million acres of cropland, according to a new report—and it may not be a bad thing.While the practice carries serious health risks for many, those dangers are outweighed by the social and economic gains for poor urban farmers and consumers who need affordable food. "There is a large potential for wastewater agriculture to both help and hurt great numbers of urban consumers," said Liqa Raschid-Sally, who led the study.The report focused on poor urban areas, where farms in or near cities supply relatively inexpensive food. Most of these operations draw irrigation water from local rivers or lakes. Unlike developed cities, however, these areas lack advanced water-treatment facilities, and rivers effectively become sewers < 下水道 >.When this water is used for agricultural irrigation, farmers risk absorbing disease-causing becteria, as do consumers who eat the produce raw and unwashed. Nearly 2.2 million people die a year because of diarrhea-related < 与腹泻相关的> diseases, according to WHO statistics. More than 80% of those cases can be attributed to contact with contaminated water and a lack of proper sanitation. But Pay Drechsel, an environmental scientist, argues that the social and economic benefits of using untreated human waste to grow food outweigh the health risks.Those dangers can be addressed with farmer and consumer education, he said, while the free water and nutrients from human waste can help urban farmers in developing countries to escape poverty. Agriculture is a water-intensive business, accounting for nearly 70% of global fresh waterconsumption.In poor, dry regions, untreated wastewater is the only viable irrigation source to keep farmers in business. In some cases, water is so scarce that farmers break open sewage pipes transporting waste to local rivers. Irrigation is the primary agricultural use of human waste in the developing world. But frequently untreated human waste harvested from lavatories is delivered to farms and spread as fertilizer.In most cases, the human waste is used on grain crops, which are eventually cooked, minimizing the risk of transmitting water-borne diseases. With fertilizer prices jumping nearly 50% per metric ton over the last year in some places, human waste is an attractive, and often necessary, alternative.In cases where sewage mud is used, expensive chemical fertilizer use can be avoided. The mud contains the same critical nutrients."Overly strict standards often fail," James Bartram, a WHO water-health expert, said. "We need to accept that fact across much of the planet, so waste with little or no treatment will be used in agriculture for good reason."注意：此部分试题请在答题卡 2 上作答.46. What does the author say about the use of raw sewage for farming?A> Its risks cannot be overestimated. B> It should be forbidden altogether.C> Its benefits outweigh the hazards involved. D> It is polluting millions of acres of cropland.47. What is the main problem caused by the use of wastewater for irrigation?A> Rivers and lakes nearby will gradually become contaminated.B> It will drive producers of chemical fertilizers out of business.C> Farmers and consumers may be affected by harmful bacteria.D> It will make the farm produce less competitive on the market.48. What is environm ental scientist Pay Drechsel’s attitude towards the use of untreated human waste in agriculture?A> Favorable. B> Skeptical. C> Indifferent. D> Responsible.49. What does Pay Dreschsel think of the risks involved in using untreated human waste for farming?A> They have been somewhat exaggerated.B> They can be dealt with through education.C> They will be minimized with new technology.D> They can be addressed by improved sanitation.50. What do we learn about James Bartram’s position on the use of human waste for farming?A> He echoes Pay Drechsel’s opinion on the issue.B> He challenges Liqa Raschid-Sally’s conclusionC> He thinks it the only way out of the current food crisis.D> He deems it indispensable for combating global poverty.Passage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.These days, nobody needs to cook. Families graze on high-cholesterol take-aways and microwaved ready-meals. Cooking is an occasional hobby and a vehicle for celebrity chefs. Which makes it odd that the kitchen has become the heart of the modern house: what the great hall was to the medieval castle, the kitchen is to the 21st-century home.The money spent on kitchens has risen with their status. In America the kitchen market is now worth $170 billion, 5 times the country’s film industry. In the year to August 2007, IKEA, a Swedish furniture chain, sold over one million kitchens worldwide. The average budget for a "major" kitchen overhaul in 2006, calculates Remodeling magazine, was a staggering $54,000; even a "minor" improvement cost on average $18,000..Exclusivity, more familiar in the world of high fashion, has reached the kitchen: Robinson & Cornish, a British manufacturer of custom-made kitchens, offers a Georgian-style one which would cost £145,000–155,000— excluding building, plumbing and electrical work. Its big selling point is that nobody else will have it: "You won’t see this kitchen anywhere else in the world." The elevation of the room that once belonged only to the servants to that of design showcase for the modern family tells the story of a century of social change. Right into the early 20th century, kitchens were smoky, noisy places, generally located underground, or to the back of the house, and as far from living space as possible. That was as it should be: kitchens were for servants, and the aspiring middle classes wanted nothing to do with them.But as the working classes prospered and the servant shortage set in, housekeeping became a matter of interest to the educated classes. One of the pioneers of a radical new way of thinking about the kitchen was Catharine Esther Beecher, sister of Harriet Beecher Stowe. In American Woman’s Home, published in 1869, the Beecher sisters recommended a scientific approach to household management, designed to enhance the efficiency of a woman’s work and promote order. Many contemporary ideas about kitchen design can be traced back to another American, Christine Frederick, who set about enhancing the efficiency of the housewife. Her 1919 work, Household Engineering: Scientific Management in the Home, was based on detailed observation of a housewife’s daily routine. She borrowed the principle of efficiency on the factory floor and applied it to domestic tasks on the kitchen floor.Frederick’s central idea, t hat "stove, sink and kitchen table must be placed in such a relation that useless steps are avoided entirely," inspired the first fully fitted kitchen, designed in the 1920s by Margarete Schütter-Lihotsky. It was a modernist triumph, and many elements remain central features of today’s kitchen.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡 2 上作答.51. What does the author say about the kitchen of today?A> It is where housewives display their cooking skills.B> It is where the family entertains important guests.C> It has become something odd in a modern house.D> It is regarded as the center of a modern home.52. Why does the Georgian-style kitchen sell at a very high price?A> It is believed to have tremendous artistic value.B> No duplicate is to be found in any other place.C> It is manufactured by a famous British company.D> No other manufacturer can produce anything like it.53. What does the change in the status of the kitchen reflect?A> Improved living conditions. B> Women’s elevated status.C> Technological progress. D> Social change.54. What was the Beecher sisters’ idea of a kitchen?A> A place where women could work more efficiently.B> A place where high technology could be applied.C> A place of interest to the educated people.D> A place to experiment with new ideas.55. W hat do we learn about today’s kitchen?A> It represents the rapid technological advance in people’s daily life.B> Many of its central features are no different from those of the 1920s.C> It has been transformed beyond recognition.D> Many of its functions have changed greatly.Part ⅣTranslation <30 minutes>Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You shouldwrite your answer on Answer Sheet 2.旗袍〔qipao〕是一种雅致的中国服装,源于中国的满族〔Manchu Nationality〕.在清代,旗袍是王室女性穿着的宽松长袍.上世纪20 年代,受西方服饰影响,旗袍发生了一些变化.袖口〔cuffs〕变窄,袍身变短.这些变化使女性美得以充分展现. 如今,旗袍经常出现在世界级的时装秀上.中国女性出席重要社交聚会时,旗袍往往是她们的首选. 很多中国新娘也会选择旗袍作为结婚礼服.一些有影响的人士甚至建议将旗袍作为中国女性的民族服饰.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡 2 上作答.2016 年6 月大学英语六级考试真题〔第二套〕解析Part I Writing[参考范文]Currently, on-line learning is booming all around the world as an increasing number of people prefer to use the Internet to take courses and acquire knowledge instead of attending school. E-learning provides many options in terms of time, location, subjects and costs. It can be predicted that students’ lives will absolutely and definitely be changed as e-learning becomes more and more popular in the future. Firstly, there is no doubt that online learning offers students more up-to-date knowledge, allowing them to keep up with the latest development in each field. Additionally, students can choose their learning location and time much more freely. Lastly, e-learners do not have to pay the expenses of transportation and accom- modation, so the cost of e-learning will be less than that of attending a traditional school. Consequently, that is the reason why a lot of people give up attending school in favor of e-learning. Although it is beneficial for students to choose online courses, the personal interaction between teachers and stu- dents in schools is irreplaceable. Therefore, we should combine attending school and e-learning together. Part III Reading comprehension <40 minutes>Section A[文章大意]随着人工智能的发展,机器人在生活中扮演的角色日益重要,但同时也出现了很多问题,对此,政府制定安全措施以减少潜在危害.[考核技能]综合能力[答案解析]26. A> arises. 空格所在句是由as 引导的状语从句, 从句是：As robots take on ever more complex roles, 主句是：the question naturally _____.主句缺谓语,故本空填动词,时态为现在时,选项中符合条件的动词有：arises〔升起,产生〕, ascends〔登高,攀岩〕,结合句意应该选A.本句大意为：随着机器人扮演更复杂的角色,问题自然就会产生.27. D> combination.由The _____of computational power and engineering advances 可知,此空为名词,选项中的名词有：combination〔结合〕,manifesting〔动名词,表明〕, penalties 〔惩罚〕,victims〔受害人〕,其中the combination of A and B 意为：A 和B 的结合.根据原文The combination of computational power and engineering advances〔计算能力和工程学进步的联合〕,combination 更符合题意,所以选D.28. F> eventually.本空位于will 和动词原形enable 之间,故此空为一副词,选项中的副词有：eventually〔最终地〕,proximately〔近似地〕,结合上下文应该选F.本句意为：计算能力和工程学进步的联合最终会使残疾人的家庭看护成本降低.29. O> widespread.空格所在句的成分_____ use of driverless cars 与其上文的lower-cost in-home care 和其下文的countless home and service-industry uses 构成并列关系,且都属于名词短语,故空格在此处修饰名词短语use of driverless cars,选项中只有widespread 符合题意,widespread use of driverless cars〔无人驾驶汽车的普遍使用〕,所以本题选O.30. C> bound.本题考查固定搭配.be bound to do/be sth. 意为：一定会,很可能会.结合原文,But there are bound to be problems〔但是一定会产生问题〕,这种表达更符合题意,故选 C.31. H> invade.空格所在句缺少动词,且在谓语will 之后,故此空为动词原形,选项为动词原形的有：interfere〔干涉, 介入〕, invade〔侵犯〕, 结合原文, invade someone’s privacy〔侵犯某人的隐私〕表达正确,所以选H.32. N> victims.由Juries sympathetic to the _____ of machines 可知此空为名词〔对机器的_____ 深表同情的陪审团们〕,选项中可选的名词有：penalties〔惩罚〕,victims〔受害人〕,其中the victims of machines〔机器的受害者〕符合上下文意,故选N.33. J> penalties.介词with 之后跟名词性质的词或短语,且crushing _____ 和damages 构成并列关系,选项中penalties〔罚款,刑罚〕符合,punish…with…意为：用……惩罚,本句意为：对这些机器的受害者抱有同情心的陪审团将会对企业家处以足以使企业倒闭的罚金与赔偿金.所以选J.34. K> preserving.空格位于while〔在……期间,与……同时〕之后,while 之后常跟doing 非谓语结构省略句,结合上下文大意,K 项的preserving 符合,即What should government do to protect people while preserving space for innovation〔政府应该怎样做才能在为技术创新保留空间的同时保护公民呢〕,所以选K.35. L> programmed.根据所在句大意：应该建立公共安全所依赖的大型复杂系统,以无人驾驶汽车为例,并由承担保证安全性和为事故负责的生产商建造、_____ 和售出.根据句意可知programmed〔编程〕符合逻辑,故本题选L.Section B[话题分类]健康[文章大意]美国日益高昂的医疗成本和医疗保险困扰着每位美国人,想要通过医疗改革解决这一问题需要经过不断的尝试.美国下议院和参议院均推出相关条令和改革方案试图改善目前的医疗状况.[考核技能]综合能力36. With a tax imposed on expensive health insurance plans, most employers will likely transfer money from healthexpense into wages.[正确答案]F[答案解析]根据题干中的关键词health insurance plans 和关键信息transfer money from health expense into wages 可将答案定位至原文F 段,该段首句提到：The Senate Finance bill would impose an excise tax on health insurance plans〔参议院财政法案将强制征收医疗保险的消费税〕,本段又提到：most employers would shift money from expensive health benefitsinto wages〔大部分雇员会将高昂的医疗花费转为工资〕,此段与本题大意相符,故选F. 37. Changes in policy would be approved or rejected as a whole so that lobbyists would find it hard to influencelawmakers.[正确答案]J[答案解析]根据本题题干中的关键信息Changes,approved or rejected 和lobbyists 可将答案定位至J段的最后一句The changes would have to be approved or rejected as a whole by Congress, making it hard for narrow-interest lobbies to bend lawmakers to their will〔这些变化必须由美国国会统一通过或否决,这会让利益狭窄的游说团很难说服立法者服从他们的意愿〕,故本题与J 段匹配.38. It is not easy to curb the rising medical costs in America.[正确答案]A[答案解析]本句意为：阻止美国高涨的医疗费用并不容易.原文A 段陈述了美国高昂的医疗成本,关于是否能解决这一问题,作者表示：The answer is that no one has an easy fix for rising medical costs〔答案是没人能轻易解决医疗成本这个问题〕, curb 意为：控制, 与原文中的fix〔操纵〕相对应, 故本题选A.39. Standardization of forms for automatic processing will save a lot of medical expenses.[正确答案]G[答案解析]根据题干的关键词Standardization of forms 和automatic processing 可将答案定位至原文G段中间两句：its trade group offered to provide standardized forms for automated processing. It estimated that step would save hundreds of billions of dollars over the next decade 〔贸易团体会为自动化过程提供标准形式,据估计,这会为接下来的十年节省数千亿美元〕,所以本题对应G 段.40. Republicans and the insurance industry are strongly opposed to the creation of a public insurance plan.[正确答案]L[答案解析]本题意为：共和党人士和保险业强烈反对成立公共保险计划.根据题干中的关键词Repub-licans,insurance industry 和opposed to 可将答案定位至L 段,本段提到The final legislation might throw a public plan into the competition, but thanks to the fierce opposition of the insurance industry and Republiccritics〔最终的立法可能会使得竞争围绕公共计划展开,但由于保险业和共和党人士的强烈反对……〕,本题是对该句的同义转述,故选L.41. Conversion of paper to electronic medical records will help eliminate redundant tests and prevent drug interactions.[正确答案]H[答案解析]根据本题的关键词：electronic medical records,eliminate redundant tests 和prevent drug interactions可将答案定位至H 段,本段提到The stimulus package provided money to convert the inefficient, paper- driven medical system to electronic records that can be easily viewed and transmitted〔经济刺激方案提供的资金将效率低、受纸质驱动的医疗系统转化成可以轻松浏览和传播的电子记录〕.其后又接着说：In time it should help restrain costs by eliminating redundant test, preventing drug interactions, and helping doctors find the best treatments〔它是时候通过消除冗余的检测、防止出现药物相互作用、帮助医生找到最佳治疗方法,来控制成本〕,所以本题选H.42. The high cost of medical services and unnecessary tests and treatments have driven up medical expenses.[正确答案]C[答案解析]本题意为：高昂的医疗服务费和不必要的检测和治疗促使医疗费用增加.原文C 段提到Medical spending… is propelled by two things: the high prices charged for medical services… and the volume of unnecessary care…which often perform a lot more tests and treatments〔医疗费用受两种事物的推进：高昂的医疗服务费和不必要的众多检查和治疗费用〕,所以本题选C.43. One main factor that has driven up medical expenses is that doctors are compensated for the amount of carerather than its effect.[正确答案]I[答案解析]原文I 段讲述了医生的收入问题.开头提到：the fee-for-service system—doctors are rewarded for the quantity of care rather than its quality or effectiveness—is a primary reason that the cost of care is so high 〔在医疗服务体系中,医生的收入是跟治疗的数量,而非质量或效果挂钩的,这是造成医疗费用高昂的主要原因〕,故本题符合I 段的概述.44. Contrary to analysts’ doubts, the author believes drug prices may be lowered through negotiation.[正确答案]P[答案解析]根据题干中的关键词analysts’doubts 和negotiation 可将答案定位至原文P 段：Some authoritative analysts doubt that the secretary would get better deals than private insurers already get. We believe negotiation could work〔一些官方分析家质疑部长能比私营保险公司得到更好的价钱,我们相信谈判行得通〕,后面又补充一句：It does in other countries 〔在其他国家成功了〕.由此可推断作者与分析家的观点相反,所以本题选P 段.45. Fair competition might create a strong incentive for insurers to charge less.[正确答案]K[答案解析]根据题干中的关键信息：competition,a strong incentive 可将答案定位至原文K 段：Andthe head-to-head competition might give them a strong incentive to lower their prices 〔正面竞争可能会给他们有力的刺激,从而降低价格〕,其中to lower their prices 对应题干的to charge less,所以选K 段.Section CPassage One[话题分类]环境与发展[文章大意]水资源短缺, 灌溉设备成本高, 很多发展中国家的农民不得不使用下水道污水灌溉农作物,而相关研究人员表示这种行为利大于弊,污水灌溉产生的农业经济效益要超过潜在的健康问题.46.[正确答案] C[考核技能]态度信息[答案解析]原文第一段提到农民使用下水道污水灌溉,作者对此做出的评价是：it may not be a bad thing〔这也许不是一件坏事〕,紧接着在第二段解释：While the practice carries serious health risks for many, those dangers are outweighed by the social and economic gains for poor urban farmers and consumers who need affordable food〔尽管这一行为会给很多人带来严重的健康风险,对于需要得到粮食供应的贫穷的城市农民和消费者来说,与社会和经济收益比,那些风险没那么重要〕,由此可知作者认为污水灌溉利大于弊,这与C 项利大于弊的态度相符,所以本题选C.47.[正确答案] C。

2016年6月英语六级考试真题试卷附答案和解析（第2套）Directions： For this part， you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short ess ay on living in thevirtual world。

Try to imagine what will happen when people spend more and more time in thevirtual world instead of interacting in the re al world. You are required to write at least 150 wordsbut no more than 200 w ords Section ADirections: In this section，you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation，you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question，you must choose the best answer. from the four choices marked A)，B)，C）and D）. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre。

注意:此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答.Questions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard.1。

2016年6月大学英语六级考试真题（第2套）参考答案Part I WritingE-learning is getting more and more popular with each passing day. For example, some college students use E-learning to supplement their school curriculum; more and more corporations offer online training for their employees.Undoubtedly, e-learning has its distinctive advantages over any other type of learning. First and foremost, it is convenient and flexible since it allows users to learn at a time and place of the users’ choosing as long as they own a computer and have an Internet connection. Another major benefit of e-learning is the accessibility it provides. For instance, students can take online courses given by prestigious professors at home and abroad. In addition, e-learning is cost effective. This is especially true for corporate training, because travel and accommodation expenses for trainers and employees can be cut. However, e-learning is far from for trainers and employees can be cut. However, e-learning is far from “one size fits all”. It doesn’t fit people who lack self-discipline and have difficulty in time management. Besides, people who value face-to-face interaction with their teachers and classmates may also find online learning unsatisfactory.From my point of view, although e-learning has changed both education and corporate training, it will not replace the traditional in-class learning, but function as a complementary type of learning.Part IV TranslationShenzhen is a newly-developed city in Guangdong Province of China. It was only a fishing village of more than 30,000 people before the Reform and Opening up. In the 1980s, Chinese governmentestablished Shenzhen Special Economic Zone as the experimental plot to implement market-oriented economy with socialist features. Now, Shenzhen, with a population of over 10 million, has witnessed dramatic changes.By 2014, the per-capital GDP of Shenzhen has reached 26 thousand dollars, the level of some developed countries in the world. In terms of the overall economic power, Shenzhen is listed among the top cities in China as well. Due to its unique status, the city is also an ideal place for the entrepreneurs at home and abroad to start their businesses.Part ⅡListening Comprehension听力原文Section AQuestions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard.W: So, Mike, you manage the innovation project at CucinTech.M: I did indeed.W: Well then, first, congratulations. It seems to have been very successful.M: Thanks. Yes, I really help things turn around at CucinTech.W: Was the revival in their fortunes entirely due to strategic innovation?M: Yes, yes, I think it was. CucinTech was a company who were very much following the pack, doing what everyone else was doing and getting rapidly left behind. I could see there was a lot of talent there, and some great potential, particularly in their product development. I just had to harness that somehow.W: Was innovation at the core of the project?M: Absolutely. If it doesn’t sound like too much of a cliché, our world is constantly changing and it’s changing quickly. We need to be innovating constantly to keep up with this. Stand still and you are lost.W: No stopping to sniff the roses?M: Well, I’ll do that in my personal life. Sure. But as a business strategy, I’m afraid there is no stopping.W: What exactly is strategic innovation then?M: Strategic innovation is the process of managing innovation, of making sure it takes place at all levels of the company, and that is related to the company’s overall strategy.W: I see.M: So, instead of innovation for innovation’s sake and new products being created simply because the technology is there, the company culture must switch from these pointing-time innovations to continuous pipeline of innovations from everywhere and everyone.W: How did you align strategies throughout the company?M: I soon became aware that campaigning is useless. People take no notice. Simply, it came about through good practice trickling down. This built consent. People could see it was the best way to work.W: Does innovation on the skill really give a competitive advantage?M: I am certain of it, absolutely, especially if it’s difficult for a competitor to copy. The risk is of course that innovation may frequently lead to imitation.W: But not if it’s strategic?M: Precisely.W: Thanks for talking to us.M: Sure.1. What seems to have been very successful according to the woman speaker?2. What did the company lack before the man’s scheme was implemented?3. What does the man say he should do in his business?4. What does the man say is the risk of innovation?Questions 5 to 8 are based on the conversation you have just heard.M: Today, my guest is Dayna Ivanovich who has worked for the last twenty years as an interpreter. Dayna, welcome.W: Thank you.M: Now, I’d like to begin by saying that I have on occasions used an interpreter myself as a foreign correspondent. So I am full of admiration for what you do, but I think your profession is sometimes underrated, and many people think anyone who speaks more than one language can do it.W: There aren’t any interpreters I know who don’t have professional qualifications and training. You only really get proficient after many years in the job.M: And I’m right in saying you can divide what you do into two distinct methods —simultaneous and consecutive interpreting.W: That’s right. The techniques you use are different, and a lot of interpreters will say one is easier than the other, less stressful.M: Simultaneous interpreting, putting someone’s words into another language more or less as they speak, sounds to me like the more difficult.W: Well, actually no. Most people in the business would agree that consecutive interpreting is the more stressful. You have to wait for the speaker to deliver quite a chunk of language before you then put it into the second language, which puts your short-term memory under intense stress. M: You make notes, I presume.W: Absolutely, anything like numbers, names, places have to be noted down. But the rest is never translated word for word. You have to find a way of summarizing it, so that the message is there. Turning every single word into the target language would put too much strain on the interpreter and slow down the whole process too much.M: But, with simultaneous interpreting, you start translating almost as soon as the other person starts speaking. You must have some preparation beforehand.W: Well, hopefully, the speakers will let you have an outline of the topic a day or two in advance.You have a little time to do research, prepare technical expressions and so on.5. What are the speakers mainly talking about?6. What does the man think of Dayna’s profession?7. What does Dayna say about the interpreters she knows?8. What do most interpreters think of consecutive interpreting?Section BQuestions 9 to 11 are based on the passage you have just heard.Mothers have been warned for years that sleeping with their newborn infant is a bad idea, because it increases the risk that the baby might die unexpectedly during the night. But now Israeli researchers are reporting that even sleeping in the same room can have negative consequences: not for the child, but for the mother. Mothers who slept in the same room as their infants, whether in the same bed or just the same room, had poorer sleep than mothers whose babies slept elsewhere in the house: They woke up more frequently, were awake approximately 20 minutes longer per night, and had shorter periods of uninterrupted sleep. These results held true even taking into account that many of the women in the study were breast-feeding their babies. Infants, on the other hand, didn’t appear to have worse sleep whether they slept in the same or different room from their mothers. The researchers acknowledge that since the families they studied were all middle-class Israelis, it’s possible the results would be different in different cultures. Lead author, Liat Tikotzky, wrote in an email that the research team also didn’t measure fathers’ sleep, so it’s possible that their sleep patterns could also be causing the sleep disruptions for moms. Right now, to reduce the risk of sudden infant death syndrome, the American Academy of Pediatrics recommends that mothers not sleep in the same bed as their babies but sleep in the same room. The Israeli study suggests that doing so maybe best for the baby, but may take a toll on mom.9. What is the long-held view about mother sleeping with newborn babies?10. What do Israeli researchers’ findings show?11. What does the American Academy of Pediatrics recommend mothers do?Questions 12 to 15 are based on the passage you have just heard.The US has already lost more than a third of the native languages that existed before European colonization, and the remaining 192 are classed by UNESCO as ranging between “unsafe” and “extinct”. “We need more funding and more effort to return these languages to everyday use,” says Fred Nahwoosky of the National Museum of the American Indian. “We are making progress but money needs to be spent on revitalising languages, not just documenting them.” Some 40 languages, mainly in California and Oklahoma where thousands of Indians were forced to relocate in the 19th century, have fewer than 10 native speakers. “Part of the issue is that tribal groups themselves don’t always believe their languages are endangered until they’re down to the last handful of speakers. But progress is being made through immersion schools, because ifyou teach children when they’re young it will stay with them as adults and that’s the future,” says Mr. Nahwoosky, a Comanche Indian. Such schools have become a model in Hawaii. But the islanders’ local language is still classed by UNESCO as “critically endangered” because only 1,000 people speak it. The decline in American Indian languages has historical roots: In the mid-19th century, the US government adopted a policy of Americanising Indian children by removing them from their homes and culture. Within a few generations most had forgotten their native tongues. Another challenge to language survival is television. It has brought English into homes and pushed out traditional story-telling and family time together, accelerating the extinction of native languages.12. What do we learn from the report?13. For what purpose does Fred Nahwoosky appeal for more funding?14. What is the historical cause of the decline in American Indian languages?15. What does the speaker say about television?Section CQuestions 16 to 18 are based on the recording you have just heard.Gregg Rosen lost his job as a sales manager nearly three years ago and is still unemployed.“It literally is like something in a dream, to remember what it’s like to actually be able to go out, and put in a day’s work and receive a day’s pay.”At first, Rosen bought groceries and made house payments with the help from unemployment insurance. It pays laid off workers up to half of their previous wages while they look for work. But now, that insurance has run out for him, and he has to make tough choices. He’s cut back on medications and he no longer helps support his disabled mother.It is a devastating experience.New research says the US recession is now over, but many people remain unemployed. And unemployed workers face difficult odds.There is literally only one job opening for every five unemployed workers, so four out of five unemployed workers have actually no chance of finding a new job.Businesses have downsized or shut down across America, leaving fewer job opportunities for those in search of work. Experts who monitor unemployment statistics here in Bucks County, Pennsylvania, say about 28,000 people are unemployed, and many of them are jobless due to no fault of their own.That’s where the Bucks County’s CareerLink comes in. Local director Elizabeth Walsh says they provide training and guidance to help unemployed workers find local job opportunities.“So here’s the job opening, here’s the job seeker, match them together under one roof,” she says.But the lack of work opportunities in Bucks County limits how much she can help.Rosen says he hopes Congress will take action.This month he launched the 99ers Union, an umbrella organization of 18 Internet-based grass roots groups of 99ers. Their goal is to convince lawmakers to extend unemployment benefits.But Pennsylvania State Representative Scott Petri says governments simply do not have enough money to extend unemployment insurance. He thinks the best way to help the long-term unemployed is to allow private citizens to invest in local companies that can create more jobs. But the boost in investor confidence needed for the plan to work will take time —time that Rosen says still requires him to buy food and make monthly mortgage payments.Rosen says he’ll use the last of his savings to try to hang onto the homehe worked for more than 20 years to buy. But once that money is gone, he says he doesn’t know what he’ll do.16. How does unemployment insurance help the unemployed?17. What is local director Elizabeth Walsh of the Bucks County CareerLink doing?18. What does Pennsylvania State Representative Scott Petri say is the best way to help the long-term unemployed?Questions 19 to 22 are based on the recording you have just heard.Earlier this year, British explorer Pen Hadow and his team trekked for three months across the frozen Arctic Ocean, taking measurements and recording observations about the ice.“Well, we’d been led to believe that we would encounter a good proportion of this older, thicker, technically multi-year ice that’s been around for a few years and just gets thicker and thicker. We actually found there wasn’t any multi-year ice at all.”Satellite observations and submarine surveys over the past few years had shown less ice in the polar region, but the recent measurements show the loss is more pronounced than previously thought.“We’re looking at roughly 80 percent loss of ice cover on the Arctic Ocean in 10 years, roughly 10 years, and 100 percent loss in nearly 20 years.”Cambridge scientist Peter Wadhams, who’s been measuring and monitoring the Arctic since 1971 says the decline is irreversible.“The more you lose, the more open water is created, the more warming goes on in that open water during the summer, the less ice forms in the winter, the more melt there is the following summer. It becomes a breakdown process where everything ends up accelerating until it’s all gone.”Martin Sommerkorn runs the Arctic program for the environmental charity—the World Wildlife Fund.“The Arctic sea ice holds a central position in the Earth’s climate system and it’s deteriorating faster than expected. Actually, it has to translate into more urgency to deal with the climate change problem and reduce emissions.”Summerkorn says a plan to reduce greenhouse gas emissions blamed for global warming needs to come out of the Copenhagen climate change summit in December.“We have to basically achieve there, the commitment to deal with the problem now. That’sthe minimum. We have to do that equitably and we have to find a commitment that is quick.”Wadhams echoes the need for urgency.“The carbon that we’ve put into the atmosphere keeps having a warming effect for 100 years, so we have to cut back rapidly now, because it will take a long time to work its way through into a response by the atmosphere. We can’t switch off global warming just by being good in the future. We have to start being good now.”Wadhams says there is no easy technological fix to climate change. He and other scientists say there are basically two options to replacing fossil fuels, generating energy with renewables, or embracing nuclear power.19. What did Pen Hadow and his team do in the Arctic Ocean?20. What does the report say about the Arctic region?21. What does Cambridge scientist Peter Wadhams say in his study?22. How does Peter Wadhams view climate change?Questions 23 to 25 are based on the recording you have just heard.From a very early age, some children exhibit better self-control than others. Now, a new study that began with about 1,000 children in New Zealand has tracked how a child’s low self-control can predict poor health, money troubles and even a criminal record in their adult years. Researchers have been studying this group of children for decades now. Some of their earliest observations have to do with the level of self-control the youngsters displayed. Parents, teachers, even the kids themselves, scored the youngsters on measures like “acting before thinking” and “persistence in reaching goals”. The children of the study are now adults in their thirties. Terry Moffitt of Duke University and her research colleagues found that kids with self-control issues tended to grow up to become adults with far more troubling set of issues to deal with.“The children who had the lowest self-control when they were aged three to ten, later on had the most health problems in their thirties and they had the worst financial situation and they were more likely to have a criminal record, and to be raising a child as a single parent on a very low income.”Speaking from New Zealand via Skype, Moffitt explained that self-control problems were widely observed, and weren’t just a feature of a small group of misbehaving kids.“Even the children who had above-average self-control as preschoolers could have benefited from more self-control training. They could have improved their financial situation and their physical and mental health situation thirty years later.”So, children with minor self-control problems were likely as adults to have minor health problems, and so on. Moffitt said it’s still unclear why some children have better self-control than others, though she says other researchers have found that it’s mostly a learned behavior, with relatively little genetic influence. But good self-control can be set to run in families in that children who have good self-control are more likely to grow up to be healthy and prosperous parents.“Whereas some of the low self-control study members are more likely to be single parents with a very low income and the parent is in poor health and likely to be a heavy substance abuser. So that’s not a good atmosphere for a child. So it looks as though self-control is something that in one generation can disadvantage the next generation.”But the good news is that Moffitt says self-control can be taught by parents, and through school curricula that have proved to be effective.Terry Moffitt’s paper on “The Link Between Childhood Self-control and Adults’ Status Decades Later” is published in the proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.23. What is the new study about?24. What does the study seem to show?25. What does Moffitt say is the good news from their study?This is the end of listening comprehension。

2016 年 12 月大学英语六级听力真题及答案（第二套）听力稿原文Section A NEWS News1 A 16th century castle in Scotland is on the verge of collapse after chunks of soil were washed away by floods, threatening its foundations. On Sunday, the castle's owner, John Gordon, 76, was forced to evacuate his property after the River Dee swept away about 60 feet of land, leaving the castle dangerously close to the river, according to the Scottish Daily Record. Abergeldie castle, located in Aberdeenshire, Scotland, was built by Sir Alexander Gordon of Midmar who later became the Earl of Huntly. The castle, which is located on 11,700 acres, was leased to members of the royal family between 1848 and 1970, including King Edward VII and George V. The Scottish Environment Protection Agency has issued more than 35 flood warnings covering several regions as Scotland continues to clean up after Storm Frank hit the country last Wednesday. "This means that rivers will rise more slowly but then stay high for much longer," the environmental agency said. Q1. Why did John Gordon move out of Abergeldie castle? A. It was dangerous to live in. B. It was going to be renovated. C. He could no longer pay the rent. D. He had sold it to the royal family. 答案:A Q2. What happenedin Scotland last Wednesday? A. A strike. B. A storm C. A forest fire. D. A terrorist attack. 答案:B News2 Rescue efforts were underway Thursday morning for 17 miners who were stuck in an elevator below ground. a Cargill rock salt mine in Lansing, N.Y. ccording to Marcia Lynch, public information officer with Tompkins County’s emergency response department. Emergency workers have made contact with the miners through a radio, and they all appear to be uninjured, said Jessica Verfuss, the emergency department’s assistant director.Crews have managed to provide heat packs and blankets to the miners so that they can keep warm during the rescue operation, Verfuss said. Details about what led to the workers’ being trapped in the elevator weren’t immediately available. The mine, near New York's Cayuga Lake, processes salt used for road treatment. It produces about 2 million tons of salt that is shipped to more than 1,500places in the northeastern United States.The rock salt mine is one of three operated by Cargill, with the other two beingin Louisiana and Ohio. Q3. What does the news report say about the salt miners? A. They lost contact with the emergency department. B. They were trapped in an underground elevator. C. They were injured by suddenly falling rocks. D. They sent calls for help via a portable radio. 答案 B Q4. What did the rescue team do? A. They tried hard to repair the elevator. B. They released the details of the accident. C. They sent supplies to keep the miners warm. D. They provided the miners with food and water. 答案 C News3 The U.S. Postal Service announced today that it is considering closing about 3,700 post offices over the next year because of falling revenues. Facing an $8.3 billion budget deficit this year, closing post offices is one of several proposals the Postal Service has put forth recently to cut costs. Last week for example, Postmaster General Pat Donahoe announced plans to stop mail delivery on Saturdays, a move he says could save $3 billion annually. "We are losing revenue as we speak," Donahoe said. "We do not want taxpayer money. We want to be self-sufficient. So like any other business, you have to make choices." Dean Granholm, the vice president for delivery and post office operations, said the first wave of closings would begin this fall.He estimated that about 3,000 postmasters, 500 station managers and between 500 and 1,000 postal clerks could lose their jobs. Q5. What is the US Postal Service planning to do? A. Raise postage rates. B. Improve its services. C. Redesign delivery routes. D. Close some of its post office. 答案 D Q6. What measure has been planned to save costs? A. Shortening business hours. B. Closing offices on holidays. C. Stopping mail delivery on Saturdays. D. Computerising mail sorting processes. 答案 C Q7. What will happen when the proposed measure comes into effect? A. Many post office staff will lose their jobs. B. Many people will begin to complain. C. Taxpayers will be very pleased. D. A lot of controversy will arise.答案 A Section B Conversation conversation 1 M: Mrs. Hampton, we’ve got trouble in the press room this morning. W: Oh, dear. What it about? M: One of the press operators arrived one hour and half late. W: But that’s a straightforward affair. He will simply lose part of his pay. That’s why we have a clock-in system. M: But the point is the man was clocked in at eight o’clock. We have John standing by the time clock and he swears he saw nothing irregular. W: Is John reliable? M: Yes, he is. That’s why we chose him for the job. W: Have you spoken to the man who is late? M: Not yet. I thought I’d have a word with you first. He is a difficult man and I think there has been some trouble on the shop floor. I’ve got a feeling that a trade union representative is behind this. The manager told me that Jack Green’s been very active around the shop the last few days. W: Well. What do you want me to do? M: I was wondering if you’d see Smith, the man who was late, because you are so much better at handling things like this. W: Oh, all right. I will see him. I must say I agree with you about there being bad feelings in the works. I’ve have the idea for sometime that Jack Green’s been busy stirring things up in connection with the latest wage claim. He’s always tried to make trouble. Well, I will get the manager to send Smith up here. Q8. What will happen to the press operator who is late for work according to the woman? Q9. What does the man say about John who stands by the time clock? Q10. Why does the man suggest the woman see the worker who was late?Q11. What does the woman say about Jack Green?conversation 2 W: Our topic today is about something that foreigners nearly always say when they visit Britain. It’s why are the British so cold and they are talking about the British personality, the famous British reserve. It means that we aren’t very friendly； we aren’t very open. M: So do you think it is true? W: it is a difficult one. So many people who visit Britain say it’s difficult to make friends with British people. They say we are cold, reserved and unfriendly. M: I think it’s true. Look at Americans or Australians. They speak the same language, but they are much more open. And you see it when you travel, people, I mean strangers speak to you on the street or on the train. British people seldom speak on the train or the bus not in London anyway. W: Not in London. That’s it. Capital cities are full of tourists and are never friendly. People are different in other parts of the country. M: Not completely. I met a woman once, an Italian. She has been working in Manchester for 2 years and no one, not one of the colleagues had ever invited her to their home. They were friendly to her at work but nothing else. She can’t believe it. She said that it would never happen in Italy. W: You know what they says. An Englishman’s home is his castle. It is really difficult to get inside. M: Yeah it’s about being private. You go home to your house and your garden and you close the door. It’s your place. W: That’s why the British don’t like flats. They prefer to living in the houses. M: That’s true.Q12 What do foreigners generally think of British people according to the woman? Q13 What may British people typically do on train according to the man? Q14 What does the man say about the Italian woman working in Manchester? Q15 Why do British people prefer houses to flats?Section C Passage Passage1 In college, time is scarce and consequently very precious. At the same time, expenses in college pile up surprisingly quickly. A part-time job is a good way to balance costs while insuring there is enough time left over for both academic subjects and after-class activities. If you are a college student looking for a part-time job, the best place to start your job search is right on campus. There are tons of on-campus job opportunities and as a student, you’ll automatically be given hiring priority. Plus, on-campus jobs eliminate commuting time, and could be a great way to connect with academic and professional resources at your university. Check with your school’s career service or employment office for help to find a campus job. Of course, there are opportunities for part-time work off campus, too. If you spend a little time digging for the right part-time jobs, you’ll save yourself time when you find a job that leaves you with enough time to get your schoolwork done, too. If you were a college student looking for work, but worried you won’t have enough time to devote to academic subjects, consider working as a study hall or library monitor. Responsibility is generally include supervising study spaces, to insure that a quiet atmosphere is maintained. It’s a pretty easy job. But one with lots of done time, which means you’ll have plenty of time to catch up on reading, do homework or study for an exam.16. What does the speaker say about college students applying for on campus jobs? 17. What can students do to find a campus job according to the speaker? 18. What does the speaker say is a library monitor’s responsibility?Passage2 Agricultural workers in green tea fields near Mountain Kenya are gathering the tea leaves. It is beautiful to see the rows of tea bushes are straight. All appears to be well. But the farmers who planted the bushes are worried.Nelson Kibara is one of them. He has been growing tea in the Kerugoya area for 40 years. He says the prices this year have been so low that he has made almost no profit. He says he must grow different kinds of tea if he is to survive. Mr. Kibara and hundreds of other farmers have been removing some of their tea bushes and planting a new kind of tea developed by the Tea Research Foundation of Kenya. Its leaves are purple and brown. When the tea is boiled, the drink has a purple color. Medical researchers have studied the health benefits of the new tea. They say it is healthier than green tea and could be sold for a price that is three to four times higher than the price of green tea. But Mr. Kibara says he has not received a higher price for his purple tea crop. He says the market for the tea is unstable and he is often forced to sell his purple tea for the same price as green tea leaves. He says there are not enough buyers willing to pay more for the purple tea. Q 19 Why have tea farmers in Kenya decided to grow purple tea? Q 20 What researchers say about the purple tea ? Q 21 What Mr. Kibara found about the purple tea?Passage3 Today's consumers want beautiful hand crafted s to wear and the help them to home. They prefer something unique and they demand quality. Craftsman today are meeting this demand, people in homes are showing great change as more and more unique handcrafted items become available. Handcrafts are big business, no longer does good craftsman have to work the job they dislikes all day, and then try to create at night. He has earned his professional status, he has now are respected member of the society. Part of the fun of being a craftsman is meeting other craftsman, they love to share their ideas and materials and help others find market for their work. Craftsman have helped educated consumers to make wise choices, they help them to become aware of design and the technique, they help them to relay their choices to its intended use. They often involve in the consumers in trying the craft themselves. When a group of craftsman expands to include more members, a small craftsman organization is formed, such organization does a lot in training work shops in special media and crafts marketing techniques, crafts fail in sales, first of all TV appearances and demonstrations. State art councils help sponsor local art and crafts festivals, which draw crowds in tourist consumers, this blew the local economy considerably because this not only by crafts but it also used by the restaurant and hotels and other services of the area Q22 what does the speaker say about today's consumers? Q23 what does the speaker say about the good craftsman in the past? Q24 what does craftsman help consumers do? Q25 why do state art councils help to sponsor local arts and crafts festivals?[/hide]听力参考答案：第一套 Section A1. [A] It was dangerous to live in. 2. [B] A storm 3. [B] They were trapped in an underground elevator. 4. [C] They sent supplies to keep the miners warm. 5. [D] Close some of its post office. 6. [C] Stopping mail delivery on Saturdays. 7. [A] Many post office staff will lose their jobs.Section B 8. [D] He will lose part of his pay. 9. [B] He is a trustworthy guy. 10.[D] She is better at handling such matters. 11.[C] He is always trying to stir up trouble. 12. [D] Reserved 13. [A] They stay quiet 14. [C] She was never invited to a colleague’s home. 15. [B] Houses provide more privacySection C 16. [D] They will automatically be given hiring priority. 17. [C] Visit the school careers service. 18. [B] Supervising study spaces to ensure a quiet atmosphere.19. [C] It may be sold at a higher price. 20. [A] It is healthier than green tee. 21. [D] It does not have a stable market. 22. [B] They prefer unique s of high quality. 23. [B] They could only try to create at night. 24. [A] Make wise choices. 25. [A] To boost the local economy.第二套 SectionA 1 [C] They were all good at cooking. 2 [C] His parents’s friends. 3 [A] No one of the group ate it. 4 [B] It was rather disappointing. 5 [C] The business success of the woman’s shop. 6 [A] Keep down its expense. 7 [D]They are sold at lower prices than in other shops. 8 [A] To maintain friendly relationship with other shops.Section B 9 [C]They deliver pollutants from the ocean to their nesting sites. 10[A]They originate from Devon Island in the Aretie area.11[B]They were carried by the wind. 12[C]The harm Arctic seabirds may cause to humans. 13[D]It has decreased. 14[A]It is now the second leading cause of death for centenarians. 15[D]Their minds fail before their bodies do.Section C 16[C]They are focused more on attraction than love. 17[C]It is not love if you don’t wish to maintain the relationship. 18[C]How the relationship is to be defined if any one is missing. 19[B]Social work as a profession. 20[D]They help enhance the well-being of the underprivileged. 21[C]They all have an academic degree in social work. 22[A]Social works’ job options and responsibilities. 23[A]To fight childhood obesity. 24[C]They impress kids more than they do adults. 25[D]Message positive behaviors at all times.。

2016 年6 月大学英语六级考试真题（第二套）解析Part I Writing【参考范文】Currently, on-line learning is booming all around the world as an increasing number of people prefer to use the Internet to take courses and acquire knowledge instead of attending school. E-learning provides many options in terms of time, location, subjects and costs. It can be predicted that students’ lives will absolutely and definitely be changed as e-learning becomes more and more popular in the future. Firstly, there is no doubt that online learning offers students more up-to-date knowledge, allowing them to keep up with the latest development in each field. Additionally, students can choose their learning location and time much more freely. Lastly, e-learners do not have to pay the expenses of transportation and accom- modation, so the cost of e-learning will be less than that of attending a traditional school. Consequently, that is the reason why a lot of people give up attending school in favor of e-learning. Although it is beneficial for students to choose online courses, the personal interaction between teachers and stu- dents in schools is irreplaceable. Therefore, we should combine attending school and e-learning together. Part III Reading comprehension (40 minutes)Section A【文章大意】随着人工智能的发展，机器人在生活中扮演的角色日益重要，但同时也出现了很多问题，对此，政府制定安全措施以减少潜在危害。

2016年12月六级听力模拟试题(二)Q: What are the two speakers talking about?15. M: Are you sure that you really want to be a policewoman? Aren’t you afraid something could happen to you?W: Relax. I plan to eventually work in Crime Scene Investigation. I’ll only have to spend one year patrolling on the streets.Q: What is the man concerned about?16. M: Linda, do you need any help with your luggage? I don’t have to work tomorrow, and I can drive you there if you need.W: No, thanks. I’ll just bring one carry-on and my backpack. And you should go to the gym to have a workout.Q: Where is the woman going tomorrow?17. W: I have eaten in so many restaurants during the last two weeks. The thought of eating out makes me weak.M: I feel the same way, but it cannot be helped. There’s no way to get out of this invitation.Q: What is the speakers’attitude towards eating out?18. M: I’m sorry to have kept you waiting so long. I didn’t expect the meeting would last for such a long time.W: It’s OK, Mr. Green. I brought the data you required and the few reference books which may be helpful for your presentation at the conference.Q: Why did the woman visit the man?Now you’ll hear two long conversations.Conversation OneM: Good morning, Doctor Richardson.W: Good morning. Mr…?M: Taylor. John T aylor.W: John Taylor! I’m Linda Richardson. We were in the same business management program in 1995 in Chicago.M: Linda! It’s incredible! You’ve changed a lot. I remember you planned to start your own business in San Francisco. But how did you become a doctor of psychology and work as a personal coach?W: Well, I had that plan and worked as a manager in a high-tech company for quite a while to get prepared. But one day, I suddenly felt miserable and decided to make a change.M: Why? In my impression, you were highly motivated inbusiness management.W: I was. The stock prices were up, sales were strong, and I had been a major contributor to the success of my division. But a few years later, I felt lost.M: What do you mean by “lost”?W: I got up early every day, got to my desk by 8 am, and left the office after 7:30 pm. My life seemed like an endless routine. I was tired and lonely. So I was determined to find something I truly loved. And now I have been a personal coach for 6 years. I love it. I help my clients to re-evaluate their lives and rediscover what really matters most to them.M: Oh, I feel as tired as you did. I need some professional advice, doctor.W: What’s your situation, John?M: I have a consulting business. It’s successful. And I’ve made more money this year than the last two years combined. I’ve attained the success that I hoped for, but it doesn’t feel the way I expected it to feel.W: Look, John. As a personal coach, I believe I can help you to re-evaluate your life and feel happier.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the conversation youhave just heard.19. Where did the two speakers first meet?20. What job did the woman take after the business management program?21. Which of the following is not true about the man?。

Part I Writing(30minutes)creation创造Directions：For this part，you are allowed30minutes to write a short essay on creation.Your essay should include the importance of innovation and measures to be taken to encourage innovation/creation/invention.You are required to write at least150words but no more than200words.参考范文：It is universally acknowledged that innovation refers to being creative,unique and different.In fact,today it is impossibly difficult for us to image a21st century without innovation.We should place a high value on innovation firstly because innovative spirit can enable an individual to ameliorate himself,so he can be equipped with capacity to see what others cannot see,be qualified for future career promotion,and be ready for meeting the forthcoming challenges.What’s more,we ought to attach importance to the role played by innovation in economic advancement.Put it another way,in this ever-changing world,innovation to economic growth is what water is to fish. To sum up,if innovation misses our attention in any possible way,we will suffer a great loss beyond imagination.In order to encourage innovation,it is wise for us to take some feasible measures. For example,mass media should greatly publicize the significance of creative spirit and encourage the public to cultivate awareness of innovation.Besides,those who manage to innovate should be awarded generous prize.Though there is a long way ahead to go,I am firmly certain that the shared efforts will be paid off.【参考译文】众所周知创新意味着有创造力，独一无二和不同。

2016年6月18日英语六级真题答案及解析完整版写作范文：题目1 ：Try to imagine what will happen when more and more robots take the place of human beings in industry as well as people’s daily lives.沈阳新东方魏靖人老师范文：Nowadays, when it comes to the issues of robots, individuals’ opinions vary from person to person. Some people believe that robots will enlighten our life, while other are worried about that they will ruin the whole world. As I see, the increasing number of robots has the power to alter everything in the coming future entirely. 【开篇点题，陈述观点】First and foremost, it can be imagined and predicted that people’ life will be absolutely and definitely easier for the future generation with the growing number of computer machines. There is no need for people to endeavor to finish those complicated working stuff, which will be replaced by only a few computer progress. All of them can be completed by these smart robots quickly and perfectly. In addition, people will save much more time and energy when they deal with a task, because robots are their ideal replacement for these tough problems. As a result, it will save them plenty of time for feeling communication or even some rest. 【第二部分提出论据，支持论点】In a word, the growing number of robots will change our lifestyle forsure. Only by these robots will we witness and experience an exceptional comforting life. 【总结文章，再次强化观点】题目2 ：Try to imagine what will happen when people spend more and more time in the virtual world instead of interacting in the real world.Nowadays, when it comes to the issues of living in the virtual world, individuals’ opinions vary from person to person. Some people believe that the virtual world and its colorful and all-mighty contents will enlighten our life, while other are worried about that it will ruin the whole society. As I see it, the issue that an increasing number of people are indulging in the virtual world can hardly be postponed in the coming future.First and foremost, it can be imag ined and predicted that people’ life will be absolutely and definitely changed for the future generation with computer machines and social network becoming pervasive. There is no need for people to endeavor to finish those complicated working stuff any more, which will be replaced by only a few computer progress. In addition, that quick way to handle problems will also isolate people and hinder the communication between them. Consequently, they may be increasingly indifferent and cold-blooded since people are separated entirely.In a word, the trend that individuals choose to live in the virtual world will becoming more and more prevalent for sure. It is time that we should take some immediate measures at the moment.题目3：Try to imagine what will happen when people spend more and more people study online instead of attending school.Nowadays, when it comes to the issues of e-learning in the virtual world, individuals’ opinions vary from person to person. Some people believe that e-learning on the Internet will bring us great convenience, while others are worried about that it will ruin the nature of study. As I see it, the issue that an increasing number of people are indulging in the e-learning can hardly be postponed in the coming future.First and fo remost, it can be imagined and predicted that students’ life will be absolutely and definitely changed for the future generation with e-learning becoming pervasive. There is no need for students to endeavor to finish those complicated study at school, which will be replaced by some on-line courses. However, that quick way to make achievements in study will also isolate students and hinder the communication between them. Consequently, they may be growingly indifferent and cold-blooded and lack social skills since they are separated entirely.In a word, it is beneficial for students to choose sort of on-line course, while the face-to-face studying process at school also plays a significant role. It is time that we should place great emphasis on this issue and take some proper methods to enhance the situation.翻译范文：深圳是中国广东省一座新开发的城市。

大学六级听力原文Conversation OneM: Guess what?The worst food l've ever had was in France.W: Really? That's odd.I thought the French were all good cooks.M: Yes. That's right.I suppose it's really like anywhere else,though.You know, some places are good.Some bad.But it's really all our own fault.W: What do you mean?M: Well, it was the first time l'd been to France.This was years ago when I was at school.I went there with my parents' friends,from my father's school.They'd hired a coach to take them to Switzerland.W: A school trip?M: Right. Most of them had never been abroad before.We'd crossed the English Channel at night,and we set off through France,and breakfast time arrived,and the coach driver had arranged forus to stop at this little cafe.There we all were, tired and hungry,and then we made the great discovery.W: What was that?M: Bacon and eggs.W: Fantastic! The real English breakfast.M: Yes. Anyway,we didn't know any better-so we had it, and ugh...!W: What was it like? Disgusting?M: Oh, it was incredible!They just got a bowl and put some fat in it.And then they put some bacon in the fat,broke an egg over the top and put the whole lot in the oven for about ten minutes.W: In the oven! You're joking.You can't cook bacon and eggs in the oven!M: Well. They must have done it that way.It was hot, but it wasn't cooked.There was just this egg floating about in gallons of fat and raw bacon.W: Did you actually eat it?M: No! Nobody did.They all wanted to turn round and go home.You know,back to teabags and fish and chips.You can't blame them really.Anyway, the next night we were all given another foreign speciality.W: What was that?M: Snails. That really finished them off. Lovely holiday that was!Questions l to 4are based on the conversation you have just heard.1. What did the woman think of the French?2. Who did the man travel with on his first trip to Switzerland?3. What does the man say about the breakfast at the little French cafe?4. What did the man think of his holiday in France?Conversation TwoM: You say your shop has been doing well.Could you give me some idea of what "doing well”means in facts and figures?W: Well, "doing well' means averaging＄1,200 0r more a week for about 7 years,making almost a quarter of a million pounds.And "doing well" means your earnings are rising.Last year, we did slightly over 50,000and this year,we hope to do more than 60,000.So, that's good if we continue to rise.M: Now, that's gross earnings, I assume.What about your expenses?W: Yes, that's gross.The expenses, of course, go up steadily.And since we've moved to this newshop,the expenses have increased greatly,because it's a much bigger shop.So I couldn't say exactly what our expenses are.They are something in the region of six or seven thousand pounds a year,which is not mercially speaking, it's fairly low,and we try to keep our expenses as low as we can.M: And your prices are much lower than the same goods in shops round about.How do the local shopkeepers feel about having a shop doing so well in their midst?W: Perhaps a lot of them don't realize how well we are doing, because we don't make a point ofpublicizing.That was a lesson we learned very early on.We were very friendly with all local shopkeepers and we happened to mention to a local shopkeeper how much we had made that week.He was very unhappy and never as friendly again.So we make a point of never publicizingthe amount of money we make.But we are on very good terms with all the shops.None of them have ever complained that we are putting them out of business or anything like that.I think it's a nice friendly relationship.Maybe if they did know what we made.perhaps they wouldn't be so friendly.Questions 5 to 8are based on the conversation you have just heard.5. What are the speakers mainly talking about?6. What does the woman say her shop tries to do?7. What do we learn about the goods sold at the woman's shop?8. Why doesn't the woman wantto make known their earnings anymore?Section BPassage OneBirds are famous for carrying things around. Some, like homing pigeons,can be trained to deliver messages and packages.Other birds unknowingly carry seeds that cling to them for the ride.Canadian scientists have found a worrisome,new example of the power that birds have to spread stuff around.Way up north in the Canadian Arctic,seabirds are picking up dangerous chemicalsin the ocean and delivering them to ponds near where the birds live.Some 1 0,000 pairs of the birds, called fulmars,a kind of Arctic seabird,make their nests on Devon Island,north of the Arctic Circle.The fulmars travel some 400 kilometers over the sea to find food.When they return home,their droppings end up all around their nesting sites,including in nearby ponds.Previously, scientists noticed pollutants arriving in the Arctic with the wind.Salmon also carry dangerous chemicals as the fish migrate between rivers and the sea. The bodies of fish and other meat-eaters can build up high levels of the chemicals.To test the polluting power of fulmars, researchers collected samples of deposit from 11 ponds on Devon Island. In ponds closest to the colony, the results showed there were far more pollutants than in ponds less affected by the birds. The pollutants in the ponds appear to come from fish that fulmars eat when they're out on the ocean. People who live, hunt, or fish near bird colonies need to be careful, the researchers say：The birds don't mean to cause harm, but the chemicals they carry can cause major problems.Questions 9 to 12are based on the conversation you have just heard.9.What have Canadian scientists found about some seabirds?10.What does the speaker say about the seabirds called fulmars ?11.What did scientists previously notice about pollutants in the Arctic?12.What does the speaker warn about at the end of the talk?Passage TwoIn recent years, the death rate among American centenarians-people who have lived to age 100 0r older-has decreased, dropping 14 percent for women and 20percent for men from 2008 t0 2014. The leading causes of death in this age group are also changing. In 2000, the top five causes of death for centenarians were heart disease, stroke, flu, cancer and Alzheimer's disease. But by 2014, the death rate from Alzheimer's disease for this age group had more than doubled-increasing from 3.8 percent t0 8.5 percent-making the progressive brain disease the second leading cause of death for centenarians. One reason for the rise in deaths from Alzheimer's disease in this group may be that developing this condition remains possible even after people beat the odds of dying from other diseases such as cancer.People physically fit enough to survive over 100 years ultimately give in to diseases such as Alzheimer's which affects the mind and cognitive function. In other words, it appears that their minds give out before their bodies do. On the other hand, the death rate from flu dropped from 7.4 percent in 2000 t0 4.1 percent in 2014. That pushed flu from the third leading cause of death to the fifth.Overall, the total number of centenarians is going up. In 2014, there were 72,197 centenarians, compared to 50,281 in 2000. But because this population is getting larger, the number of deaths in this group is also increasing-18,434 centenarians died in 2000, whereas 25,914 died in 2014.Questions 13 to 15 are based on the passage you have just heard.13.What does the speaker say about the risk of dying for American centenarians in recent years?14.What does the speaker say about Alzheimer’s disease?15.What is characteristic of people who live up to 100years and beyond?Section CPassage OneOkay.So let's get started.And to start things off l think what we need to do is consider a definition.I'm going to define what love is but then most of the experiments I'm going to talk about are really focused more on attraction than love. And I'm going to pick a definition from a former colleague,who is now the dean at Tufts University but was here on our faculty at Yale for nearly thirty years.And he has a theory of love that argues that it's made up of three components: intimacy, passion,and commitment,or what is sometimes called decision commitment. And these are relatively straight,forward. He argued that you don't have love if you don't have all three of these elements.Intimacy is the feeling of closeness, of connectedness with someone, of bonding. Operationally, you could think of intimacy as you share secrets, you share information with this person that you don't share with anybody else. Okay. That's really what intimacy is, the bond that comes from sharing information that isn't shared with other people. The second element is passion. Passion is the drive that leads to romance. You can think of it as physical attraction. And Sternberg argues that this is a required component of a love relationship.The third element of love in Sternberg's theory is what he calls decision commitment, the decision that one is in a loverelationship, the willingness to label it as such, and a commitment to maintain that relationship at least for some period of time. Sternberg would argue it's not love if you don't call it love and if you don't have. Some desire to maintain the relationship. So if you have all three of these, intimacy, passion and commitment, in Sternberg's theory, you have love. Now what's interesting about the theory is what do you have if you only have one out of three or two out of three. What do you have and how is it different if you have a different two out of three? What'sinteresting about this kind of theorizing is it gives rise to many different combinations that can be quite interesting when you break them down and start to look them carefully. So what I've done is I've taken Sternberg's three elements of love, intimacy, passion and commitment, and I've listed out the different kinds of relationships you would have if you had zero, one, two or three out of the three elements.Questions 16 to 18 are based on the recording you have just heard.16. What does the speaker say about most of the experiments mentioned in his talk?17.What does Robert Sternberg argue about love?18. What question does the speaker think is interesting about Sternberg's three elements of love?Passage TwoHi! I am Elizabeth Hoffler, Master of Social Work. I am a social worker, a lobbyist, and a specialassistant to the executive director at the National Association of Social Workers. Today we are going to be talking about becoming a social worker. Social work is the helping profession.Its primary mission is to enhance human well-being and help meet the basic needs of all people,with a particular focus on those who are vulnerable, oppressed, and living in poverty. We often deal with complex human needs. Social work is different from other professions, because we focus on the person and environment. We deal with the external factors that impact a person's situation and outlook. And we create opportunity for assessment and intervention, to help clients and communities cope effectively with their reality and change that reality whennecessary.In thousands of ways social workers help other people, people from every age, every background, across the country. Wherever needed, social workers come to help. The most well-known aspect of the profession is that of a social safety net. We help guide people to critical resources and counsel them on life changing decisions. There are more than 600,000 professional social workers in the country, and we all either have a bachelor's degree, a master's degree, or a PhD in Social Work. There are more clinically trained social workers than clinically trained psychiatrists, psychologists, and psychiatric nurses combined.Throughout this series you will learn more about the profession, the necessary steps to get a social work degree,the rich history of social work, and the many ways that social workers help ter in this series,you will hear from Stacy Collins and Mel Wilson, fellow social workers at the National Association of Social Workers. Stacy is going to walk you through the step-by-step process of becoming a social worker,and Mel will tell you about the range of options you have once you get your social work degree,as well as the high standards of responsibility the social workers must adhere to.The National Association of Social Workers represents nearly 145,000 social workers across the country.Our mission is to promote, protect, and advance the social work profession. We hope you enjoy this series about how you can make a difference by becoming a social worker. Next, we are going to talk about choosing social work. Questions 19 to 22 are based on the recording you have just heard.19. What does the speaker mainly talk about?20. What do social workers mainly do?22. What is Mel Wilson going to talk about in the series?Passage ThreeToday,I’d like to talk about what happens when celebrity role models get behind healthy ha bits, but at the same time, promote junk food. Currently, there's mounting criticism of Michelle Obama’s”Let’s Move!” campaign, which fights childhood obesity by encouraging youngsters to become more physically active,and has signed onsinger Beyonce and basketball player Shaquille O'Neal, both of whom also endorse sodas, which are a major contributor to the obesity epidemic. Now there's a lot more evidence of how powerful a celebrity-especially a professional athlete---can be in influencing children's behavior.In a report published by the Rudd Center for Food Policy and Obesity at Yale University, researchers studied 100 professional athletes and their endorsement contracts. The team focused on athletes since they are theoretically the. best role models for active, healthy lifestyles for children. After sorting the deals by category, they determined that among the 512 brands associated with the athletes, most involved sporting goods, followed closely by food and beverage brands.Sports drinks, which are often high in sugar and calories, made up most of the food and drink deals, with soft drinks and fast food filling out the remainder. Of the 46 beverages endorsed by professional athletes, 93% relied exclusively on sugar for all of their calories.It's no surprise that high-profile athletes can influence children's eating behaviors, but the scientists were able to quantify how prevalent these endorsements are in the children's environment. Advertisements featuring professional athletes and their endorsed products tend to get impressive exposure, on TV, radio, in print and online. And in 2010, the researchers reported that children ages 12 t0 17 saw more athlete-endorsed food and beverage brand commercials than adults.One reason any campaign wants a popular celebrity spokesperson is because kids are attracted to them no matter what they are doing. We can't expect kids to turn off that admiration when the same person is selling sugar. At best, kids might be confused. At worst, they'll think the messages about soda are the same as the messages about water, but those two beverages aren't the same.If children are turning to athletes as role models, it's in their best interest if their idols consistent .Consistent messaging of positive behaviors will show healthier lifestyles for kids to follow.Questions 23 to 25 are based on the recording you have just heard.23.What is the aim of Michelle Obama’s campaign?24.What does research find about advertisements featuring professional athletes?25.What does the speaker t hink kid’s idols should do?。

2016年6月英语六级考试真题试卷附答案和解析(第2套) Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on living in thevirtual world. Try to imagine what will happen when people spe nd more and more time in thevirtual world instead of interacting in the real w orld. You are required to write at least 150 wordsbut no more than 200 words Section ADirections： In this section, you will hear two long conversations。

At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once。

After you hear a question，you must choose the best answer。

from the four choices marked A），B)，C）and D)。

Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。

Questions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard。

Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer. from the four choices marked A), B),C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。

Questions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard.1. A) The project the man managed at CucinTech.B) The updating of technology at CucinTech.C)The man's switch to a new career.D) The restructuring of her company.2. A) Talented personnel.B) Strategic innovation.C) Competitive products.D) Effective promotion.3. A) Expand the market.B) Recruit more talents.C) Innovate constantly.D) Watch out for his competitors.4. A) Possible bankruptcy.B) Unforeseen difficulties.C) Conflicts within the company.D) Imitation by one's competitors.Questions 5 to 8 are based on the conversation you have just heard.5. A) The job of an interpreter.B) The stress felt by professionals.C) The importance of language proficiency.D) The best way to effective communication.6. A) Promising.B) Admirable.C) Rewarding.D) Meaningful.7. A) They all have a strong interest in language.B) They all have professional qualifications.C) They have all passed language proficiency tests.D) They have all studied cross-cultural differences.8. A) It requires a much larger vocabulary.B) It attaches more importance to accuracy.C) It is more stressful than simultaneous interpreting.D) It puts one's long-term memory under more stress..Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear two passages. At the end of each passage, you willhear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once.After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A),B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line throughthe centre.Passage OneQuestions 9 to 11 are based on the passage you have just heard.9. A) It might affect mothers' health.B) It might disturb infants' sleep.C) It might increase the risk of infants, death.D) It might increase mothers' mental distress.10. A) Mothers who breast-feed their babies have a harder time falling asleep.B) Mothers who sleep with their babies need a little more sleep each night.C) Sleeping patterns of mothers greatly affect their newborn babies' health.D) Sleeping with infants in the same room has a negative impact on mothers.11. A) Change their sleep patterns to adapt to their newborn babies'.B) Sleep in the same room but not in the same bed as their babies.C) Sleep in the same house but not in the same room as their babies.D) Take precautions to reduce the risk of sudden infant death syndrome.Passage TwoQuestions 12 to 15 are based on the passage you have just heard.12. A) A lot of native languages have already died out in the US.B) The US ranks first in the number of endangered languages.C) The efforts to preserve Indian languages have proved fruitless.D) More money is needed to record the native languages in the US.13. A) To set up more language schools.B) To document endangered languages.C) To educate native American children.D) To revitalise America's native languages.14. A) The US govemment's policy of Americanising Indian children.B) The failure of American Indian languages to gain an official status.C) The US government's unwillingness to spend money educating Indians.D) The long-time isolation of American Indians from the outside world.15. A) It is being utilised to teach native languages.B) It tells traditional stories during family time.C) It speeds up the extinction of native languages.D) It is widely used in language immersion schools.Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear three recordings of lectures or talks followed by threeor four questions. The recordings will be played only once. After you hear a question, you mustchoose the best answer from the four choices marked A),B),C) and D). Then mark thecorresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Recording OneQuestions 16 to 18 are based on the recording you have just heard.16. A) It pays them up to half of their previous wages while they look for work.B) It covers their mortgage payments and medical expenses for 99 weeks.C) It pays their living expenses until they find employment again.D) It provides them with the basic necessities of everyday life.17. A) Creating jobs for the huge army of unemployed workers.B) Providing training and guidance for unemployed workers.C) Convincing local lawmakers to extend unemployment benefits.D) Raising funds to help those having no unemployment insurance.18. A) To offer them loans they need to start their own businesses.B) To allow them to postpone their monthly mortgage payments.C) To create more jobs by encouraging private investments in local companies.D) To encourage big businesses to hire back workers with government subsidies.Recording TwoQuestions 19 to 22 are based on the recording you have just heard.19. A) They measured the depths of sea water.B) They analyzed the water content.C) They explored the ocean floor.D) They investigated the ice.20. A) Eighty percent of the ice disappears in summer time.B) Most of the ice was accumulated over the past centuries.C) The ice ensures the survival of many endangered species.D) The ice decrease is more evident than previously thought.21. A) Arctic ice is a major source of the world's fresh water.B) The melting Arctic ice has drowned many coastal cities.C) The decline of Arctic ice is irreversible.D) Arctic ice is essential to human survival.22. A) It will do a lot of harm to mankind.B) There is no easy way to understand it.C) It will advance nuclear technology.D) There is no easy technological solution to it.Recording ThreeQuestions 23 to 25 are based on the recording you have just heard.23. A) The reason why New Zealand children seem to have better self-control.B) The relation between children's self-control and their future success.C) The health problems of children raised by a single parent.D) The deciding factor in children's academic performance.24. A) Children raised by single parents will have a hard time in their thirties.B) Those with a criminal record mostly come from single parent families.C) Parents must learn to exercise self-control in front of their children.D) Lack of self-control in parents is a disadvantage for their children.25. A) Self-control can be improved through education.B) Self-control can improve one's financial situation.C) Self-control problems may be detected early in children.D) Self-control problems will diminish as one grows up.第二套答案1. A) The project the man managed at CucinTech.2. B) Strategic innovation.3. C) Innovate constantly.4. D) Imitation by one's competitors.5. A) The job of an interpreter.6. B) Admirable.7. B) They all have professional qualifications.8. C) It is more stressful than simultaneous interpreting.Section B9. C) It might increase the risk of infants' death.10. D) Sleeping with infants in the same room has a negative impact on mothers.11. B) Sleep in the same room but not in the same bed as their babies.12. A) A lot of native languages have already died out in the US.13. D) To revitalise America's native languages.14. A) The US government's policy of Americanising Indian children.15. C) It speeds up the extinction of native languages.Section C16. A) It pays them up to half of their previous wages while they look for work.17. B) Providing training and guidance for unemployed workers.18. C) To create more jobs by encouraging private investments in local companies.19. D) They investigated the ice.20. D) The ice decrease is more evident than previously thought.21.C) The decline of Arctie ice is irreversible.22. D) There is no easy technological solution to it.23. B) The relation between children's self-control and their future success.24. B) Those with a criminal record mostly come from single parent families.25. A) Self-control can be improved through education.2016年6月大学英语六级考试真题听力原文(第二套)Section AConversation OneW: So, Mike, you managed the innovation project at CucinTech.M: I did, indeed.W: Well, then. First, congratulations! It seems to have been very successful.M: Thanks. Yes. I really helped things turn around at CucinTech.W: Was the revival in their fortunes entirely due to strategic innovation?M: Yes, yes. I think it was. CucinTech was a company who were very much following the pack, doing what everyone else was doing, and getting rapidly left behind. I could see there was a lot of talent there, and some great potential, particularly in their product development. I just had to harness that somehow.W: Was innovation at the core of the project?M: Absolutely. If it doesn't sound like too much of a cliche, our world is constantly changing and it"s changing quickly. We need to be innovating constantly to keep up with this. Stand still, and you#re lost.W: No stopping to sniff the roses?M: Well, I$ll do that in my personal life. Sure. But as a business strategy, I%m afraid there is no stopping.W: What exactly is strategic innovation then?M: Strategic innovation is the process of managing innovation of making sure it takes place at all levels of the company and that is related to the company's overall strategy.W: I see.M: So, instead of innovation for innovation's sake and new products being created simply because the technology is there, the company culture must switch from these point-in-time innovations to a continuous pipeline of innovations from everywhere and everyone.W: How did you align strategies throughout the company?M: I soon became aware that campaigning is useless. People take no notice. Simply, it came about through good practice trickling down. This built consent. People could see it was the best way to work.W: Does innovation on this scale really give a competitive advantage?M: I'm certain of it. Absolutely, especially if it's difficult for a competitor to a copy. The risk is of course that innovation may frequently lead to imitation.W: But not if it's strategic?M: Precisely.W: Thanks for talking to us.M: Sure.Questions 1to4 are based on the conversation you have just heard.1. What seems to have been very successful according to the woman speaker?2. What did the company lack before the man's scheme was implemented?3. What does the man say he should do in his business?4. What does the man say is the risk of innovation?Conversation TwoM: Today my guest is Dana Ivanovich, who has worked for the last 20 years as an interpreter.Dana, welcome.W: Thank you.M: Now, I'd like to begin by saying that I have on occasions used an interpreter myself as a foreign correspondent.So I’m full of admiration for what you do. But I think your profession is sometimes underrated and many people think anyone who speaks more than one language can do it.W: There aren"t any interpreters I know who don#t have professional qualifications and training.You only really get profession after many years in the job.M: And am I right in saying you can divide what you do into two distinct methods: simultaneous and consecutive interpreting.W: That$s right. The techniques you use are different. And a lot of interpreters will say one is easier than the other, less stressful.M: Simultaneous interpreting, putting someone's words into another language more or less as they speak, sounds to me like the more difficult.W: Well, actually no. Most people in the business would agree that consecutive interpreting is the more stressful. You have to wait for the speaker to deliver quite a chunk of language before you then put it into the second language which puts your short-term memory under intense stress.M: You make notes, I presume?W: Absolutely. Anything like numbers, names, places have to be noted down, but the rest is never translated word for word. You have to find a way of summarizing it. So that the message is there, turning every single word into the target language would put too much strain on the interpreter and slow down the whole process too much.M: But with simultaneous interpreting, you start translating almost as soon as the other person starts speaking, you must have some preparation beforehand.W: Well, hopefully, the speakers will let you have an outline of the topic a day or two in advance, you have a little time to do research, prepare technical expressions and so on.Questions 5to8 are based on the conversation you have just heard.5. What are the speakers mainly talking about?6. What does the man think of Dana's profession?7. What does Dana say about the interpreters she knows?8. What do most interpreters think of consecutive interpreting?Section BPassage OneMothers have been warned for years that sleeping with their new-born infant is a bad idea, because it increases the risk that the baby might die unexpectedly during the night. But now Israeli researchers are reporting that even sleeping in the same room can have negative consequences, not for the child, but for the mother. Mothers who slept in the same room as their infants, whether in the same bed or just the same room, had poorer sleep than mothers whose baby slept elsewhere in the house. They woke up more frequently, were awake approximately 20 minutes longer per night, and had shorter periods of uninterrupted sleep. These results held true even taking into account that many of the women in the study were breast-feeding their babies. Infants, on the other hand, didn't appear to have worse sleep whether they slept in the same or different room from their mothers. The researchers acknowledge that since the families they studied were all middle-classIsraelis. It，s possible the results would be different in different cultures. Lead author Lyati Sotski wrote in an email that the research team also didn-t measure fathers' sleep. So it's possible that their sleep patterns could also be causing the sleep disruptions for mums. Right now, to reduce the risk of sudden infant death syndrome, the American Academy of Pediatrics recommends that mothers not sleep in the same bed as their babies, but sleep in the same room. The Israeli study suggests that doing so may be best for the baby, but may take a toll on mum.Questions 9toll are based on the passage you have just heard.9. What is the long-held view about mothers" sleeping with new-born babies?10. What do Israeli researchers' findings show?11. What does the American Academy of Pediatrics recommend mothers do?Passage TwoThe US has already lost more than a third of the native languages that existed before European colonization and the remaining 192 are classed by UNESCO as ranging between unsafe and extinct. u We need more funding and more effort to return these languages to everyday use," says Fred Nawusky of the National Museum of the American Indian. “We are making progress, but money needs to be spent on revitalizing languages, not just documenting them." Some 40 languages mainly in California and Oklahoma where thousands of Indians were forced to relocate in the 19th century have fewer than 10 native speakers. Part of the issue is that tribal groups themselves don%t always believe their languages are endangered until they are down to the last handful of speakers. u But progress is being made through emerging schools, because if you teach children when they are young, it will stay with them as adults and that&s the future," says Mr. Nawusky, a Comanche Indian. Such schools have become a model in Hawaii, but the islanders’local language is still classed by UNESCO as critically endangered because only 1,000 people speak it. The decline in American Indian languages has its historical roots. In the mid-19th century, the US government adopted a policy of Americanizing Indian children by removing them from their homes and culture. Within a few generations, most had forgotten their native tongues. Another challenge to language survival is television. It has brought English into homes, and pushed out traditional storytelling and family time together, accelerating the extinction of native languages.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the passage you have just heard.12. What do we learn from the report?13. For what purpose does Fred Nawusky appeal for more funding?14. What is the historical cause of the decline in American Indian Languages?15. What does the speaker say about television?Section CRecording oneGreg Rosen lost his job as a sales manager nearly three years ago and is still unemployed. “It literally is like something in a dream to remember what it's like to actually be able to go out and put in a day's work and receive a day's pay."At first Rosen bought groceries and made house payments with the help from unemployment insurance. It pays laid-off workers up to half of their previous wages while they look for work. But now, that insurance has run out for him and he has to make tough choices. He-s cut back on medications and he no longer helps support his disabled mother. It is a devastating experience. New research says the US recession is now over. But many people remain unemployed andunemployed workers face difficult odds. There is literally only one job opening for every five unemployed workers, so four out of five unemployed workers have actually no chance of finding a new job. Businesses have downsized or shutdown across America, leading fewer job opportunities for those in search of work. Experts who monitor unemployment statistics here in Bucks County, Pennsylvania say about 28,000 people are unemployed and many of them are jobless due to no fault of their own. Thafs where the Bucks County Careerlink comes in.Local director Elizabeth Walsh says they provide training and guidance to help unemployed workers find local job opportunities. “So here’s the job opening. Here's the job seeker. Match them together under one roof," she says. But the lack of work opportunities in Bucks County limits how much she can help. Rosen says he hopes Congresswill take action. This month, he launched the Ninety-Niners Union, an umbrella organization of eighteen Internet- based grass roots groups of Ninety-Niners. Their goal is to convince law makers to extend unemployed benefits. But Pennsylvania State representative Scott Petri says governments simply do not have enough money to extend unemployment insurance. He thinks the best way to help the long-term unemployed is to allow private citizens to invest in local companies that can create more jobs. But the boost in investor confidence needed for the plan to work will take time. Time that Rosen says still requires him to buy food and make monthly mortgage payments. Rosen says he%ll use the last of his savings to try to hang onto the home he worked for more than twenty years to buy. But once that money is gone, he says he doesn’t know what he'll do.Questions 16 to 18 are based on the recording you have just heard.16. How does unemployment insurance help the unemployed?17. What is local director Elizabeth Walsh of the Bucks County Careerlink doing?18. What does Pennsylvania state representative Scott Petri say is the best way to help the long-term unemployed?Recording TwoEarlier this year, British explorer Pen Huddle and his team tracked for three months across the frozen Arctic Ocean, taking measurements and recording observations about the ice.“Well, we)ve been led to believe that we would encounter a good proportion of this older, thicker, technically multi-year ice that+s been around for a few years and just get thicker and thicker. We actually found there wasn't any multi-year ice at all."Satellite observations and submarine service over the past few years had shown less ice in the polar region. But the recent measurements show the lost is more pronounced than previously thought.u We are looking at roughly 80 percent loss of ice cover on the Arctic ocean in ten years, roughly ten years and 100 percent loss in nearly twenty years."Cambridge scientist Peter Waddams, who.s been measuring and monitoring the Arctic since 1971, says the decline is irreversible.The more you lose, the more open water is created, the more warming goes on in that open water during the summer, the less ice forms in the winter, the more melt there is the following summer. It becomes a breakdown process where everything ends up accelerating until ifs all gone."Martin Summercorn runs the Arctic program for the environmental charity the World Wildlife Fund. u The Arctic sea ice holds a central position in the earth’s climate system and it’sdeteriorating faster than expected. Actually, it has to translate into more urgency to deal with the climate change problem and reduce emissions."Summercorn says a plan to reduce greenhouse gas emissions blamed for global warming needs to come out of the Copenhagen Climate Change Summit in December.“We have to basically achieve there—the commitment to deal with the problem now. That’s the minimum. We have to do that equitably. And that we have to find a commitment that is quick."Waddams echoes the need for urgency. “The carbon that we’ve put into the atmosphere keeps having a warming effect for 100 years. So we have to cut back rapidly now. Because it would take a long time to work its way through into our response by the atmosphere. We can’t switch off global warming just by being good in the future. We have to start being good now."Waddams says there is no easy technological fix to climate change. He and other scientists say there are basically two options to replacing fossil fuels. Generating energy with renewables or embracing nuclear power.Questions 19 to 22 are based on the recording you have just heard.19. What did Pen Huddle and his team do in the Arctic Ocean?20. What does the report say about the Arctic region?21. What does Cambridge scientist Peter Waddams say in his study?22. How does Peter Waddams view climate change?Recording ThreeFrom a very early age, some children exhibit better self-control than others. Now, a new study that began with about 1,000 children in New Zealand has tracked how a child"s low self-control can predict poor health, money troubles and even a criminal record in their adult years. Researchers have been studying this group of children for decades now. Some of their earliest observations have to do with the level of self-control the youngsters displayed. Parents, teachers, even the kids themselves, scored the youngsters on measures like ^acting before thinking" and “persistence in reaching goals".The children of the study are now adults in their thirties. Terrie Moffitt of Duke University and her research colleagues found that kids with self-control issues tended to grow up to become adults with a far more troubling set of issues to deal with.“The children who had the lowest self-control when they were age L to 10, later on had the most health problems in their thirties, and they had the worst financial situation. And they were more likely to have a criminal record and to be raising a child as a single parent on a very low income."Speaking from New Zealand via Skype, Moffitt explained that self-control problems were widely observed and weren’t just a feature of a small group of misbehaving kids.“Even the children who had above-average self-control as pre-schoolers could have benefited from more selfcontrol training. They could have improved their financial situation and their physical and mental health situation 30 years later."So, children with minor self-control problems were likely as adults to have minor health problems, and so on. Moffitt said ifs still unclear why some children have better self-control than others, though she says other researchers have found that ifs mostly a learned behavior, with relatively little genetic influence. But good selfcontrol can be set to run in families in that children who have good self-control are more likely to grow up to be healthy and prosperous parents.“Whereas some of the low self-control study members are more likely to be single parentswith a very low income and the parent is in poor health and likely to be a heavy substance abuser. So thafs not a good atmosphere for a child. So it looks as though self-control is something that in one generation can disadvantage the next generation."But the good news is that Moffitt says self-control can be taught by parents, and through school curricula that have proved to be effective. Terry Moffitfs paper “On the Link Between Childhood Self-control and Adults’StatusDecades Later" is published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. Questions 23 to 25 are based on the recording you have just heard.23. What is the new study about?24. What does the study seem to show?25. What does Moffitt say is the good news from their study?。

2016 年6 月大学英语六级考试真题（第二套）特别说明：2016 年 6 月大学英语六级试卷的三套试题有重叠部分，本试卷（第二套）只列出与第一、第三套不重复的试题。

具体重叠部分：本卷所有听力题与第一套试卷有重复，本试卷不再列出。

Part I Writing (30 minutes)For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on e-learning. Try to imagine what will happen when more and more people study online instead of attending school. You are required to write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.Directions:Part III Reading comprehension (40 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the center. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.The robotics revolution is set to bring humans face to face with an old fear—man-made creations as smart and capable as we are but without a moral compass. As robots take on ever more complex roles, the question naturally 26 : Who will be responsible when they do something wrong? Manufacturers? Users? Software writers? The answer depends on the robot.Robots already save us time, money and energy. In the future, they will improve our health care, social welfare and standard of living. The 27 of computational power and engineering advances will 28 enable lower-cost in- home care for the disabled, 29 use of driverless cars that may reduce drunk- and distracted-driving accidents and countless home and service-industry uses for robots, from street cleaning to food preparation.But there are 30 to be problems. Robot cars will crash. A drone ( 遥控飞行器 ) operator will 31 someone’s privacy. A robotic lawn mower will run over a neighbor’s cat. Juries sympathetic to the 32 of machines will punish entrepreneurs with company-crushing 33 and damages. What should governments do to protect people while 34 space for innovation?Big, complicated systems on which much public safety depends, like driverless cars, should be built, 35 and sold by manufacturers who take responsibility for ensuring safety and are liable for accidents. Governments should set safety requirements and then let insurers price the risk of the robots based on the manufacturer’s driving record, not the passenger’s.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡 2 上作答。

Part Ⅱ Listening Comprehension (25 minutes)Section ADirections：In this section，you will hear two long conversations.At the end of each conversation,you will hear four questions.Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once.drier you hear a question，you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A ，B ，C and D .Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet l with a single line through the centre.Questions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard.◆1.A.Project organizer.B.Public relations officer.C.Marketing manager.D. Market research consultant.◆2.A.Quantitative advertising research.B.Questionnaire design.C.Research methodology.D.Interviewer training.◆3.A.They are intensive studies of people’s spending habits.B.They examine relations between producers and customers.C.They look for new and effective ways to promote products.D.They study trends or customer satisfaction over a long period.◆4.A.The lack of promotion opportunity.B.Checking charts and tables.C. Designing questionnaires.D. The persistent intensity.Questions 5 to 8 are based on the conversation you have just heard.◆5.A. His view on Canadian universities.B.His understanding of higher education.C.His suggestions for improvements in higher education.D.His complaint about bureaucracy in American universities.◆6.A.It is well designed.B.It is rather inflexible.C.It varies among universities.D.It has undergone great changes.◆7.A.The United States and Canada can learn from each other.B.Public universities are often superior to private universities.C.Everyone should be given equal access to higher education.D.Private schools work more efficiently than public institutions.◆8.A. University systems vary from country to country.B.Efficiency is essential to university management.C.It is hard to say which is better,a public university or a private one.D.Many private universities in the U.S.are actually large bureaucracies.Section BDirections：In this section.you will hear two passages.At the end of each passage,you will hear three or four questions.Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once.After you hear a question,you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A ，B ，C and D .Then mark the corresponding fetter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 9 to 11 are based on the passage you have just heard.◆ernment’s role in resolving an economic crisis.B.The worsening real wage situation around the world.C.Indications of economic recovery in the United States.D.The impact of the current economic crisis on people’s life.◆10.A.They will feel less pressure to raise employees’wages.B.They will feel free to choose the most suitable employees.C.They will feel inclined to expand their business operations.D.They will feel more confident in competing with their rivals.◆11.A.Employees and companies cooperate to pull through the economic crisis.ernment and companies join hands to create jobs for the unemployed.C.Employees work shorter hours to avoid layoffs.D.Team work will be encouraged in companies.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the passage you have just heard.◆12.A.Whether memory supplements work.B.Whether herbal medicine works wonders.C.Whether exercise enhances one’s memory.D.Whether a magic memory promises success.◆13.A.They help the elderly more than the young.B.They are beneficial in one way or another.C.They generally do not have side effects.D.They are not based on real science.◆14.A.They are available at most country fairs.B.They are taken in relatively high dosage.C.They are collected or grown by farmers.D.They are prescribed by trained practitioners.◆15.A.They have often proved to be as helpful as doing mental exercise.B.Taking them with other medications might entail unnecessary risks.C.Their effect lasts only a short time.D.Many have benefited from them.Section CDirections：In this section.you will hear three recordings of lectures or talks followed by three or four questions.The recordings will be played only once.After you hear a question，you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A ，B ，C and D .Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 16 to 18 are based on the recording you have just heard.◆16.A.How catastrophic natural disasters turn out to be to developing nations.B.How the World Meteorological Organization studies natural disasters.C.How powerless humans appear to be in face of natural disasters.D.How the negative impacts of natural disasters can be reduced.◆17.A.By training rescue teams for emergencies.B.By taking steps to prepare people for them.C.By changing people’s views of nature.D.By relocating people to safer places.◆18.A.How preventive action can reduce the loss of life.B.How courageous Cubans are in face of disasters.C.How Cubans suffer from tropical storms.D.How destructive tropical storms can be.Questions 19 to 22 are based on the recording you have just heard.◆19.A.Pay back their loans to the American government.B.Provide loans to those in severe financial difficulty.C.Contribute more to the goal of a wider recovery.D.Speed up their recovery from the housing bubble.◆20.A.Some banks may have to merge with others.B.Many smaller regional banks are going to fail.C.It will be hard for banks to provide more loans.D.Many banks will have to 1ay off some employees.◆21.A.It will work closely with the government.B.It will endeavor to write off bad loans.C.It will try to lower the interest rate.D.It will try to provide more loans.◆22.A. It won’t help the American economy to rum around.B.It won’t do any good to the major commercial banks.C.It will win the approval of the Obama administration.D.It will be necessary if the economy starts to shrink again. Questions 23 to 25 are based on the recording you have just heard.◆23.A.Being unable to learn new things.B.Being rather slow to make changes.C.Losing temper more and more often.D.Losing the ability to get on with others.◆24.A.Cognitive stimulation.munity activity.C.Balanced diet.D.Fresh air.◆25.A.Ignoring the signs and symptoms of aging.B.Adopting an optimistic attitude towards life.C.Endeavoring to give up unhealthy lifestyles.D.Seeking advice from doctors from time to time.1. 【答案】D2. 【答案】A3. 【答案】D4. 【答案】B5. 【答案】A6. 【答案】B7. 【答案】C8. 【答案】C9. 【答案】B10. 【答案】A11. 【答案】C12. 【答案】A13. 【答案】D14. 【答案】D15. 【答案】B16. 【答案】D17. 【答案】B18. 【答案】A19. 【答案】C20. 【答案】B21. 【答案】D22. 【答案】D23. 【答案】A24. 【答案】A25. 【答案】C。

2016年6月英语六级考试真题试卷附答案和解析(第2套) Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on living in thevirtual world. Try to imagine what will happen when people spe nd more and more time in thevirtual world instead of interacting in the real w orld. You are required to write at least 150 wordsbut no more than 200 words Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer. from the four choices marked A), B),C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre. 注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。

Questions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard.1. A) The project the man managed at CucinTech.B) The updating of technology at CucinTech.C)The man's switch to a new career.D) The restructuring of her company.2. A) Talented personnel.B) Strategic innovation.C) Competitive products.D) Effective promotion.3. A) Expand the market.B) Recruit more talents.C) Innovate constantly.D) Watch out for his competitors.4. A) Possible bankruptcy.B) Unforeseen difficulties.C) Conflicts within the company.D) Imitation by one's competitors.Questions 5 to 8 are based on the conversation you have just heard.5. A) The job of an interpreter.B) The stress felt by professionals.C) The importance of language proficiency.D) The best way to effective communication.6. A) Promising.B) Admirable.C) Rewarding.D) Meaningful.7. A) They all have a strong interest in language.B) They all have professional qualifications.C) They have all passed language proficiency tests.D) They have all studied cross-cultural differences.8. A) It requires a much larger vocabulary.B) It attaches more importance to accuracy.C) It is more stressful than simultaneous interpreting.D) It puts one's long-term memory under more stress..Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear two passages. At the end of each pa ssage, you willhear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questio ns will be spoken only once.After you hear a question, you must choose the b est answer from the four choices marked A),B), C) and D). Then mark the cor responding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line throughthe centre. Passage OneQuestions 9 to 11 are based on the passage you have just heard.9. A) It might affect mothers' health.B) It might disturb infants' sleep.C) It might increase the risk of infants, death.D) It might increase mothers' mental distress.10. A) Mothers who breast-feed their babies have a harder time falling asleep.B) Mothers who sleep with their babies need a little more sleep each night.C) Sleeping patterns of mothers greatly affect their newborn babies' health.D) Sleeping with infants in the same room has a negative impact on mother s.11. A) Change their sleep patterns to adapt to their newborn babies'.B) Sleep in the same room but not in the same bed as their babies.C) Sleep in the same house but not in the same room as their babies.D) T ake precautions to reduce the risk of sudden infant death syndrome. Passage TwoQuestions 12 to 15 are based on the passage you have just heard. 12. A) A lot of native languages have already died out in the US.B) The US ranks first in the number of endangered languages.C) The efforts to preserve Indian languages have proved fruitless.D) More money is needed to record the native languages in the US.13. A) To set up more language schools.B) To document endangered languages.C) To educate native American children.D) To revitalise America's native languages.14. A) The US govemment's policy of Americanising Indian children.B) The failure of American Indian languages to gain an official status.C) The US government's unwillingness to spend money educating Indians.D) The long-time isolation of American Indians from the outside world.15. A) It is being utilised to teach native languages.B) It tells traditional stories during family time.C) It speeds up the extinction of native languages.D) It is widely used in language immersion schools.Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear three recordings of lectures or talks followed by threeor four questions. The recordings will be played only once. A fter you hear a question, you mustchoose the best answer from the four choic es marked A),B),C) and D). Then mark thecorresponding letter on Answer Sh eet 1 with a single line through the centre.Recording OneQuestions 16 to 18 are based on the recording you have just heard. 16. A) It pays them up to half of their previous wages while they look for wo rk.B) It covers their mortgage payments and medical expenses for 99 weeks.C) It pays their living expenses until they find employment again.D) It provides them with the basic necessities of everyday life.17. A) Creating jobs for the huge army of unemployed workers.B) Providing training and guidance for unemployed workers.C) Convincing local lawmakers to extend unemployment benefits.D) Raising funds to help those having no unemployment insurance.18. A) To offer them loans they need to start their own businesses.B) To allow them to postpone their monthly mortgage payments.C) To create more jobs by encouraging private investments in local companies.D) To encourage big businesses to hire back workers with government subsi dies.Recording TwoQuestions 19 to 22 are based on the recording you have just heard.19. A) They measured the depths of sea water.B) They analyzed the water content.C) They explored the ocean floor.D) They investigated the ice.20. A) Eighty percent of the ice disappears in summer time.B) Most of the ice was accumulated over the past centuries.C) The ice ensures the survival of many endangered species.D) The ice decrease is more evident than previously thought.21. A) Arctic ice is a major source of the world's fresh water.B) The melting Arctic ice has drowned many coastal cities.C) The decline of Arctic ice is irreversible.D) Arctic ice is essential to human survival.22. A) It will do a lot of harm to mankind.B) There is no easy way to understand it.C) It will advance nuclear technology.D) There is no easy technological solution to it.Recording ThreeQuestions 23 to 25 are based on the recording you have just heard. 23. A) The reason why New Zealand children seem to have better self-contro l.B) The relation between children's self-control and their future success.C) The health problems of children raised by a single parent.D) The deciding factor in children's academic performance.24. A) Children raised by single parents will have a hard time in their thirties.B) Those with a criminal record mostly come from single parent families.C) Parents must learn to exercise self-control in front of their children.D) Lack of self-control in parents is a disadvantage for their children.25. A) Self-control can be improved through education.B) Self-control can improve one's financial situation.C) Self-control problems may be detected early in children.D) Self-control problems will diminish as one grows up.Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are requiredto select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on ,Answer Street 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once. Questions 26 to 35 are based on the following passage.The robotics revolution is set to bring humans face to face with an old fear—man-made creations as smart and capable as we are but without a moral compass. As robots take on ever more complex roles, the question naturally 26__________ : Who will be responsible when they do something wrong? Manufacturers? Users? Software writers? The answer depends on the robot. Robots already save us time, money and energy. In the future, they will improve our health care, social welfare and standard of living. The 27__________ of computational power and engineering advances will 28__________ enable lower-cost in-home care for the disabled, 29__________ use of driverless cars that may reduce drunk- and distracted-driving accidents and countless home and service-industry uses for robots, from street cleaning to food preparation. But there are 30__________ to be problems. Robot cars will crash. A drone (遥控飞行器) operator will 31__________ someone's privacy. A robotic lawn mower will run over a neighbor's cat. Juries sympathetic to the 32__________ of machines will punish entrepreneurs with company-crushing 33__________ and damages. What should governments do to protect people while 34__________ space for innovation?Big, complicated systems on which much public safety depends, like driverless cars, should be built, 35__________ and sold by manufacturers who take responsibility for ensuring safety and are liable for accidents. Governments should set safety requirements and then let insurers price the risk of the robots based on the manufacturer's driving record, not the passenger's.A. arisesB. ascendsC. boundD. combinationE. definiteF. eventuallyG. interfereH. invadeI. manifestingJ. penaltiesK. preservingL. programmedM. proximatelyN. victimsO. widespreadSection BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten stateme nts attached to it.Each statement contains information given in one of the pa ragraphs. Identify the paragraphfrom which the information is derived. You m ay choose a paragraph more than once. Eachparagraph is marked with a lette r. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter onAnswer Sheet 2.Reform and Medical Costs[A] Americans are deeply concerned about the relentless rise in health care costs and health insurance premiums. They need to know if reform will help solve the problem. The answer isthat no one has an easy fix for rising medic al costs. The fundamental fix—reshaping how careis delivered and how doct ors are paid in a wasteful, abnormal system—is likely to be achievedonly thr ough trial and error and incremental (渐进的）gains.[B] The good news is that a bill just approved by the House and a bill approve d by the SenateFinance Committee would implement or test many reforms t hat should help slow the rise inmedical costs over the long term. As a report i n The New England Journal of Medicine concluded,"Pretty much every proposed innovation found in the health policy literature these days is contained in these measures."[C] Medical spending, which typically rises faster than wages and the overall economy, ispropelled by two things: the high prices charged for medical servi ces in this country and thevolume of unnecessary care delivered by doctors and hospitals, which often perform a lotmore tests and treatments than a pa tient really needs.[D] Here are some of the important proposals in the House and Senate bills t o try to address those problems, and why it is hard to know how well they wil l work.[E] Both bills would reduce the rate of growth in annual Medicare payments to hospitals,nursing homes and other providers by amounts comparable to the productivity savingsroutinely made in other industries with the help of new technologies and new ways to organize work. This proposal could save Medi care more than $100 billion over the next decade. Ifprivate plans demanded similar productivity savings from providers, and refused to letproviders shift additional costs to them, the savings could be much larger. Critics sayCongr ess will give in to lobbyists and let inefficient providers off the hook That is f ar less likelyto happen if Congress also adopts strong upaygo” rules requiring that any increase inpayments to providers be offset by new taxes or budget cuts.[F] The Senate Finance bill would impose an excise tax(消费税）on health insurance plans thatcost more than $8,000 for an individual or $21,000 for a family. It would most likely causeinsurers to redesign plans to fall beneath the threshold. Enrollees would have to pay moremoney for many ser vices out of their own pockets, and that would encourage them to thinktwice about whether an expensive or redundant test was worth it. Economists pro ject thatmost employers would shift money from expensive health benefits in to wages. The House billhas no similar tax. The final legislation should. [G] Any doctor who has wrestled with multiple forms from different insurers, or patients whohave tried to understand their own parade of statements, kn ow that simplification ought tosave money. When the health insurance indus try was still cooperating in reform efforts, itstrade group offered to provide st andardized forms for automated processing. It estimated thatstep would save hundreds of billions of dollars over the next decade. The bills would lock that pledge into law.[H] The stimulus package provided money to convert the inefficient, paper-driven medicalsystem to electronic records that can be easily viewed and tran smitted. This requires openinvestments to help doctors convert. In time it sh ould help restrain costs by eliminating redundant tests, preventing drug inte ractions, and helping doctors find the best treatments.[I] Virtually all experts agree that the fee-for-service system—doctors are rew arded for the quantity of care rather than its quality or effectiveness—is a pr imary reason that the cost ofcare is so high. Most agree that the solution is to push doctors to accept fixed payments tocare for a particular illness or for a patient's needs over a year. No one knows how to makethat happen quickly . The bills in both houses would start pilot projects within Medicare. Theyincl ude such measures as accountable care organizations to take charge of a pati ent's needswith an eye on both cost and quality, and chronic disease manag ement to make sure theseriously ill, who are responsible for the bulk of all he alth care costs, are treated properly. Forthe most part, these experiments rely on incentive payments to get doctors to try them.[J] Testing innovations do no good unless the good experiments are identifie d and expandedand the bad ones are dropped. The Senate bill would create a n independent commission tomonitor the pilot programs and recommend changes in Medicare's payment policies to urge providers to adopt reforms t hat work. The changes would have to be approved or rejected as awhole by C ongress, making it hard for narrow-interest lobbies to bend lawmakers to the ir will.[K] The bills in both chambers would create health insurance exchanges on which smallbusinesses and individuals could choose from an array of private plans and possibly a public option. All the plans would have to provide standa rd benefit packages that would be easy tocompare. To get access to millions of new customers, insurers would have a strong incentive to sell on the exch ange. And the head-to-head competition might give them a strong incentiv e to lower their prices, perhaps by accepting slimmer profit margins or dema nding better deals from providers.[L] The final legislation might throw a public plan into the competition, but thanks to thefierce opposition of the insurance industry and Republican criti cs, it might not save muchmoney. The one in the House bill would have to ne gotiate rates with providers, rather thanusing Medicare rates, as many reform ers wanted.[M] The president's stimulus package is pumping money into research to com pare how wellvarious treatments work. Is surgery, radiation or careful moni toring best for prostate (前列腺)cancer? Is the latest and most expensive cholesterol-lowering drug any bet ter than its commoncompetitors? The pending bills would spend additional m oney to accelerate this effort.[N] Critics have charged that this sensible idea would lead to rationing of car e.(That would betrue only if you believed that patients should have an unrestr ained right to treatments provento be inferior.) As a result, the bills do not r equire, as they should, that the results of thesestudies be used to set payme nt rates in Medicare.[O] Congress needs to find the courage to allow Medicare to pay preferentially for treatmentsproven to be superior. Sometimes the best treatment might b e the most expensive. But overall, we suspect that spending would come do wn through elimination of a lot of unnecessary or even dangerous tests and treatments.[P] The House bill would authorize the secretary of health and human servic es to negotiatedrug prices in Medicare and Medicaid. Some authoritative an alysts doubt that the secretarywould get better deals than private insurers alr eady get. We believe negotiation could work. Itdoes in other countries. [Q] Missing from these bills is any serious attempt to rein in malpractice cos ts. Malpracticeawards do drive up insurance premiums for doctors in high-ris k specialties, and there is some evidence that doctors engage in "defensive medicine" by performing tests and treatmentsprimarily to prove they are not negligent should they get sued.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

2016年6月英语六级听力真题第二套Part II Listening Comprehension (30 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer. from the four choices marked A), B),C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。

Questions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard.1. A) The project the man managed at CucinTech.B) The updating of technology at CucinTech.C)The man’s switch to a new career.D) The restructuring of her company.2. A) Talented personnel.B) Strategic innovation.C) Competitive products.D) Effective promotion.3. A) Expand the market.B) Recruit more talents.C) Innovate constantly.D) Watch out for his competitors.4. A) Possible bankruptcy.B) Unforeseen difficulties.C) Conflicts within the company.D) Imitation by one’s competitors.Questions 5 to 8 are based on the conversation you have just heard.5. A) The job of an interpreter.B) The stress felt by professionals.C) The importance of language proficiency.D) The best way to effective communication.6. A) Promising.B) Admirable.C) Rewarding.D) Meaningful.7. A) They all have a strong interest in language.B) They all have professional qualifications.C) They have all passed language proficiency tests.D) They have all studied cross-cultural differences.8. A) It requires a much larger vocabulary.B) It attaches more importance to accuracy.C) It is more stressful than simultaneous interpreting.D) It puts one’s long-term memory under more stress.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear two passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。