高考英语二轮复习与策略第1部分专题4任务型阅读三类考查形式的解题技巧讲练

3推理判断题讲练forgo—in terms of money and enjoyment—in order to take it up.By knowing precisely what you are receiving and what you are missing out on，you ought to be able to make better－informed，more reasonable decisions.Considerthat most famous economic rule of all：there's no such thing as a free lunch.Even if someone offers to take you out to lunch for free，the time you will spend in the restaurant still costs you something in terms of forgone opportunities.60．What are forgone opportunities?A．Opportunities you forget in decisionmaking.B．Opportunities you give up for better ones.C．Opportunities you miss accidentally.D．Opportunities you make up for.60.B[推理判断题。

根据第四段第一句中的every decision is made by knowledge of what one must forgo“一个人知道自己该放弃什么，才能做出每一个决定”和本段最后一句中的still costs you something in terms of forgone opportunities“就放弃的机会而言，仍需要你付出某些代价”可知，“放弃的机会”是指B项“你为了更好的机会而放弃的机会”。

2008年新课标人教版高三英语第二轮复习专题讲座六：阅读理解高考阅读理解的解题技巧阅读理解作为考查考生语言能力的重点，《考试大纲》提出了明确的要求：“要求考生读懂熟悉的有关日常生活话题的简短文字材料。

考生应能：理解主旨要义；理解文中具体信息；根据上下文推断生词的词义；作出简单判断和推理；理解文章的根本结构；理解作者的意图和态度。

〞高考英语阅读理解也围绕这一要求来命题，根本上可分为五类：1．细节判断题；2．猜测词义题；3．主旨大意题；4．推理引申题；5．篇章结构题。

下面以2004、2005、2006年全国统一高考英语科试题为例来分析上述五种试题的命题特点、具体要求以与解题技巧和方法。

第一节细节判断题解题技巧《普通高中英语课程标准》中达到英语学科的高中毕业要求为七级，其有关阅读最根本的要求是：“能从一般性文章中获取和处理主要信息〞。

对这种“获取和处理主要信息〞能力的考查，主要采用的方式就是：细节判断。

这类题在高考阅读理解题中占一定的比例，做好这类题是确保根底分的关键。

同时，弄清细节，正确获取信息，也是把握文章主旨的前提。

因此，要特别重视做好这类题。

细节判断题题干常见的问句形式多种多样。

如：Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage?Which of the following statements is NOT true?Which of the following statements is correct according to the passage?Which of the following is NOT considered as …?According to the passage, which of the following is NOT mentioned as one of the reasons for … ?How many … … ？What/who/when/where/how/why … … ?做这类题的一般方法是通过skimming把握文章中心后，再通过寻读法〔scanning〕快速确定该细节在文中的出处〔信息源〕，对照选项进展“三对一错或三错一对〞的判断。

考点3 段落大意题辨明题类段落大意题主要考查文章某一段落的主要意思，是对一个段落的基本内容的简缩和概括。

考生要用准确的、简练的语言把一个段落的主要意思明确而完整地表达出来。

设问形式常有：(1)What is the first paragraph mainly about?(2)What is Paragraph 1 mainly about?(3)What does the first paragraph mainly talk about?技法点拨1．定位段落主题句，做到首尾兼顾做题时要特别注意“首尾兼顾”，即所问段落的首句和尾句。

一是因为它们往往体现主旨要义，二是因为利用这些信息可以迅速提炼段落结构框架，在框架下判断主旨，其准确性更高。

2．通过暗示揣摩段落大意有时，作者不直接写出主题句，而是通过情感态度等方法暗示性地体现主题，此时要根据文中所叙述的事实和线索综合判断去揣摩并概括出段落大意。

真题体验(2023·新高考全国Ⅰ卷D)On March 7, 1907, the English statistician Francis Galton published a paper which illustrated what has come to be known as the “wisdom of crowds” effect．The experiment of estimation he conducted showed that in some cases, the average of a large number of independent estimates could be quite accurate．This effect capitalizes on the fact that when people make errors, those errors aren't always the same．Some people will tend to overestimate, and some to underestimate．When enough of these errors are averaged together, they cancel each other out, resulting in a more accurate estimate．If people are similar and tend to make the same errors, then their errors won't cancel each other out．In more technical terms, the wisdom of crowds requires that people's estimates be independent．If for whatever reasons, people's errors become correlated or dependent, the accuracy of the estimate will go down．But a new study led by Joaquin Navajas offered an interesting twist (转折) on this classic phenomenon．The key finding of the study was that when crowds were further divided into smaller groups that were allowed to have a discussion, the averages from these groups were more accurate than those from an equal number ofindependent individuals．For instance, the average obtained from the estimates of four discussion groups of five was significantly more accurate than the average obtained from 20 independent individuals．In a follow-up study with 100 university students, the researchers tried to get a better sense of what the group members actually did in their discussion．Did they tend to go with those most confident about their estimates? Did they follow those least willing to change their minds? This happened some of the time, but it wasn't the dominant response．Most frequently, the groups reported that they “shared arguments and reasoned together”．Somehow, these arguments and reasoning resulted in a global reduction in error．Although the studies led by Navajas have limitations and many questions remain the potential implications for group discussion and decision-making are enormous．32．What is Paragraph 2 of the text mainly about？A．The methods of estimation．B．The underlying logic of the effect．C．The causes of people's errors．D．The design of Galton's experiment．【解题示范】第一步：阅读题干，找出关键词：Paragraph 2，快速将解题信息定位到文章的第二段；第二步：根据段落的内容，分析选项，判断概括准确的选项：根据“This effect capitalizes on the fact that when people make errors, those errors aren't always the same．Some people will tend to overestimate, and some to underestimate．When enough of these errors are averaged together, they cancel each other out, resulting in a more accurate estimate．If people are similar and tend to make the same errors, then their errors won't cancel each other out．In more technical terms, the wisdom of crowds requires that people's estimates be independent．If for whatever reasons, people's errors become correlated or dependent, the accuracy of the estimate will go down．(这种效应利用了这样一个事实，即当人们犯错误时，这些错误并不总是相同的。

2019届二轮复习阅读理解四大题型解题指导教案第一、二、三课时一、学情分析阅读理解在考试当中那个占了很大的分值，是学生参加各类英语考试必做的题型之一，然而也是考生们失分最多的板块之一。

尤其对于基础较差的学生，阅读理解上想要得到理想的分数非常困难，大部分英语老师都会说“得阅读理解者，得英语考试天下”，虽然夸张，但不无道理。

二、课标&考纲分析从历年的高考阅读理解命题原则来看，命题思路及命题的特点基本一致，即“注重语境，突出语篇，强调检测考生综合应用的能力”，既有利于高校的选拔，也有利于在中学英语教学中推进素质教育。

从试题内容方面看，所选的材料贴近生活，具有时代感，知识覆盖面广，生活气息浓郁，集基础性、交际性、文化性和能力性于一体，不但强调语言基础知识的运用，而且也检测了考生的语言运用技能，体现了《考试大纲》的要求。

《普通高中英语课程标准>>对阅读理解的目标要求：《普通高中英语课程标准》在语言技能部分中对“读”的目标是这样要求的：（1）能识别不同文体特征；（2）能通过分析句子结构理解难句和长句；（3）能理解阅读材料中不同的观点和态度；（4）能根据学习任务的需要从多种媒体中获取信息并进行加工处理；（5）能在老师的帮助下欣赏浅显的英语文学作品；（6）除教材外，课外阅读量应累计达到30万词汇以上。

《考试大纲》对阅读理解的要求：考生能读懂一般性话题的简短文字材料，例如公告、说明、广告以及书、报、杂志中的简短文章。

考生应能：（1）阅读生词量不超过3%的文段；（2）理解主旨大意；（3）寻找具体信息；（4）识别不同文体特征；（5）根据上下文提供的语境推测生词词义；（6）作出简单的判断和推理；（7）理解文章的基本逻辑结构；（8）把握作者的意图和态度；（9）理解文章的文化信息。

三、教学目标1.知识与技能A．训练学生阅读技能；B．培养学生正确把握阅读理解的出题意图及方向；C．提高阅读理解的得分率和高效率。