1. Formal Language

1、Formal language and informal language 正式语言和非正式语言You probable have noticed that people express similar ideas in different ways depending on the situation they are in. This is very natural. All languages have two general levels of usage —a fomal level and an informal level. English is no exception. The diffenrence in these two levels is the situation in which you use a particular level.你或许注意到人们会用不同的方式表达类似的观点，这取决于他们所处的环境。

这种现象很自然。

所有语言都有两个普遍的使用层次——正式层面和非正式层面。

英语也不例外。

两个层次的区别在于你使用语言的语境。

Formal language is the kind of language you find in textbooks, reference books and in business letters. You would also use formal English in compositions and essays that you write in school. Informal language is used in conversation with colleagues, family members and friends, and when we write personal notes of letters to close friends.正式语言是在课本、参考书和商业信函中出现的语言。

formal的用法及短语一、正式场合中用法示例在英语中，正式场合使用“formal”一词并不罕见。

无论是在正式的会议、商务洽谈或者学术活动中，正确运用“formal”的用法对于有效沟通和展现专业形象至关重要。

以下是几个具体的实例，以便更好地理解“formal”的含义及应用。

1. Formal meeting （正式会议）Formal meetings are usually held in a structured and organized manner, with an agenda and specific protocols to follow. For example:"In formal meetings, it is crucial to stick to the agenda and ensure everyone has equal opportunity to voice their opinions."2. Formal dress code （正式着装要求）When attending formal events such as weddings or business conferences, it is essential to follow the prescribed dress code. For instance:"The invitation clearly stated a formal dress code, requiring men to wear suits and women to be dressed in elegant evening gowns."3. Formal letter （正式信函）Formal letters are used for official purposes, such as writing a job application or sending a complaint letter. Here is an example sentence:"I am writing this formal letter to express my strong dissatisfaction with the quality of service provided by your company."4. Formal language （正规语言表达）In formal settings, people tend to use more sophisticated and polite language. Take the following interaction for instance:"When addressing someone in a formal setting, it is advisable to use appropriate titles like 'Mr.', 'Mrs.', or 'Professor' followed by their last name."二、与“formal”相关的短语除了基本的用法外，“formal”还与一些短语常常搭配使用，以表达更加具体的含义和情境。

formal的用法及搭配一级标题：Formal的用法及搭配二级标题1：Formal在不同场合中的用法Formal这个词是英语中常见的形容词，用来描述正式、庄重或官方的事物。

它在日常生活与商务场合中扮演着重要的角色，了解并正确使用formal可以帮助我们更好地应对各种社交和商务环境。

下面将介绍formal在不同场合中的用法。

一般情况下，当我们谈到"formal occasion"时，指的是参加正式场合或特殊仪式所需遵循的规定。

这包括参加婚礼、葬礼、毕业典礼等场合时所需穿戴的服装和举止。

通常，在这些正式场合中，人们会选择穿着正装，如西装或晚礼服，并保持严肃庄重的态度。

而在商务环境中使用formal，则表示遵循着一套行为金科玉律。

在商务交流和会议上，大家需要尽量使用正式语言与人沟通，以传递专业信任和尊重对方。

此外，在邮件往来或书面报告中也要注意格式和语气。

例如，在邮件开头和结尾处使用敬语如"Dear"和"Yours sincerely"，并避免使用缩写、俚语或感情色彩强烈的词汇。

二级标题2：Formal与其他词的搭配除了用在特定场合中，formal还有一些常见的搭配形式，可以帮助我们描述某种行为或状态。

下面将介绍几种常见的formal搭配。

1. Formal Education：指正规的教育体系，如学校教育或大学高等教育。

这是以制定课程、颁发学位为主要特征的教育形式，通常被视为人们获取知识和技能的主要途径。

2. Formal Attire：指正装服饰，适用于正式场合。

这包括男士西装、女士礼服等正式服饰。

3. Formal Invitation：指正式邀请函。

这是一种官方发出并用于邀请他人参加特定活动（例如婚礼、聚会或商务会议）的书信或卡片。

4. Formal Agreement：指正式协议或合同。

在商业交易中，当双方达成一致时，通常会制定一份详细记录相关权利与义务的文件。

高二英语写作语言风格塑造单选题20题1.In a formal essay, it is important to use ______ language.A.casualrmalC.formalD.colloquial答案：C。

在正式的文章中，使用正式语言很重要。

选项A“casual”表示随意的；选项B“informal”表示非正式的；选项C“formal”表示正式的；选项D“colloquial”表示口语化的。

只有formal 符合正式文章的语言风格要求。

2.When writing a narrative, you can use ______ words to make the story more vivid.A.dullB.plainC.colorfulD.monotonous答案：C。

在写记叙文时，可以使用丰富多彩的词汇使故事更生动。

选项A“dull”表示枯燥的；选项B“plain”表示平淡的；选项C“colorful”表示丰富多彩的；选项D“monotonous”表示单调的。

只有colorful 能使故事更生动。

3.For a persuasive essay, you need to choose ______ arguments.A.weakC.powerfulD.invalid答案：C。

对于一篇议论文，需要选择有力的论据。

选项A“weak”表示弱的；选项B“flimsy”表示脆弱的；选项C“powerful”表示有力的；选项D“invalid”表示无效的。

只有powerful 符合议论文对论据的要求。

4.In a descriptive writing, you can use ______ adjectives to paint a clear picture.A.fewB.limitedC.numerousD.scant答案：C。

在描写性写作中，可以使用大量的形容词来描绘清晰的画面。

（完整版）学术英语综合课后答案季佩英（2）Unit 1Language building-upTask 1/Specialized vocabulary1. 饲料经销商；饲料批发商2. 为他自己的收益而工作3. 技能与劳动力4. 制造塑料5. 私人交易6. 包装并定价7. 无形之手1. priced2. labor3. transactions4. gain5. labor; manufactured6. invisible hand7. distributorTask 2/Signpost language1. Today, in millions of homes across the nation, God will be thanked for many gifts, for the feast on the table and the company of loved ones, for health and good fortune in the year gone by, for peace privilege of having been born, or having become —American(Line 2, Para.1).2. And yet, isn't there something wondrous, —something almost inexplicable in the way your Thanksgiving weekend is made possible by the skill and labor of vast numbers of total strangers? (Line 1, Para. 4)3. ...Thanksgiving Turkey, there would be one, —or morelikely, a few dozen—waiting. (Line 3, Para.6)Task 3/Formal English1. very many2. buying or selling3. a large group of4. more huge5. understand6. troubledUnit 2Language buildingTask 1:Part 1:1)无形之手；2）自由企业制度3）股东4）经济体制5）开发产品和服务6）市场力量；市场调节作用7）金融机构8）严重衰退9）破产10）mission11）stock price12）corporate motto13）assets14）maximize profits 15）financial systemPart 2：1)market forces2）financial institutions 3）free enterprise system 4）deep institutions5）invisible hand6）stockholder7）profit maximization 8）economic system Task 2：1.and；2.Another；3. also；4. Not only；but；5. otherTask 31. understanding；2. agree with；3. forces…to be accepted;4. bad5. purpose6. charitable ;7. given;8.famous.Unit 3Language buildingTask 1: collocationPart 1:1) 充满敬畏与感激；2）与外部世界隔离3）陷入绝境4）易感抑郁5）恢复体能6）界定性特征7）暂时的挫败8）不因挫败而心烦意乱9）竞选权位10）吹着欢快的曲调Part 2：1)bout 2）validated3）squabble 4）aptitude5）platitude 6）debilitate7）reassuring 8）undermine9）ruminate 10）martialTask 2：1.contrasting；2.in contrast；3. However；4. different；5. on the other hand6. in the opposite way7.howeverTask 31. full of；2. becomes alert and energetic3. keeping thinking about4. been left in hopelessness5. likely to suffer from6. not disturbed7. saying something that people are quite familiar with8. officially approvedUnit 4Language buildingTask 1: collocationPart 1:1. green movement2. protected areas3. extinction of animals and plants4. wild fish stocks5. make clean power6. save resources7. 培育生物多样性8. 控制污染9. 阻止对生态体系的破坏10. 扩大清洁产业11. 集体世界观12. 生态经济Part 2：1. Embedding a narrative that moves us on from protecting nature from people to protecting nature for people is an essential part of this reframing. (Para.6)If such a narrative is to gain practical effect, then looking after nature must urgently be seen as not only an environmental challenge, but also an economic one. (Para.7)The author manages to bring in a new topic and maintain coherence by repeating keys words such as narrative, nature.2. So long as we continue to travel in two directions at once, promoting environmental goals on the one hand while on the other directly contradicting that with measures to achieve more economic growth, the longer we will fail to make real progress. (Para.7)When it comes to economics and ecology there is plenty of good thinking already done. (Para.8) The author manages to bring in a new topic and maintain coherence by repeating key words such as economic, economics.Task 3 Formal language1. unchangeable; increasing2. control3. effort; charitable4. pleasant detail5. complicated6. change7. Changing8. importantUnit 5Language buildingTask 1: collocationPart 1:1. having a mind2.behave as if you understand3.what and how we know4.inside;reflectsMentalist Dbehaviorist B Epistemologist A phenomenologist CPart 21. psychological2.spiritual3.behaviour4.phenomenologist5.perplexity6.mentallyTask 2：…,classified…This class of…The class of……a less severe label…The huge classTask 31. what we imagine about computers today2.we have broken the distinction between3.for the sake of convenience so that it is easier to refer to the first type of response4. you have the same reason for thinking that M had a mind.5. (The reason you believe your mother has a mind is based) not on your prejudice6. as groundless as believing that computers have mindUnit 6Task 1: Specialized vocabularyPart 11. 数学化，数字处理2. 计算机辅助设计3. 统计4. 基因组学5. 运筹学6. 优化组合7. 概率8. 数据库Part 2：1. database2. CAD3. statistics4. probability5. optimization6. genomics7. mathematization8. Operations researchTask 2：1. Here are a few simple examples of prescriptivemathematics that extended from single numbers to exceedingly complex systems:…(Line 1,para.8,Text A)2. Admittedly this is rather vague, but it will clarify a bit as I go on and mention a few of the manyex amples that Baker gives:…(Line 8, para.10, Text A)Task 3 Formal language1. exists2. included3. explained4. model5. get6. environment7. knowledgeable person; in which8. until now9. fix ideas of (caution) in one’s mindUnit 7Task 1: Specialized vocabularyPart 11. -h2.-f3.-a4.-j5.-i6.-b7.-d8.-g9.-c10.-ePart 2：1. To achieve professional development isimportant as ameans to the end of becoming an expert and gaining more flexibility and independence2. Numerous studies over the last 30 years have suggested that personality is a powerful predictor of a person's life satisfaction3. An employee's work orientation is shaped in the first instance by their understanding of “what work is about”4. The government is trying to introduce new measures to create a better social safety net and encourage better worker pay5. Money has been used as the incentive of many intelligence contests in TV programTask 2：1. The present perfect tense（现在完成时）emphasizes that people’s conception about what money ca n bring them has changed greatly2. The tense switches from the present to the past to manifest that an example is given3.The tense switches between the present and the past to produce a comparison of different interpretations of a “calling”in different t imesTask 3 Formal language1. pour heart and soul into :spare no efforts,try one's bestwhat will stimulate\encourage a worker to try his best in making good products?2. lure：temptationgrueling：working exhaustedlyPeople are no longer so tempted by the dream of becoming rich by working exhaustedly 80 hours a week for several years ina humble position3. lowly job：humble jobrecrafted：turnedHe might be doing a humble job，but he would turn it intoa great mission4. entails：requiresA career requires more devotion to work5. contributing to：being beneficial toconnotation：implicationPeople who regard their work as a calling\great mission think that what they do helps serve the public and brings benefits to our society，and therefore it's quite proper to say that a mission\calling implies something similar to religious beliefs Unit8Task 1 Specialized vocabulare1. cultural tradition 文化传统2. social stability 社会稳定3. distinct identity 鲜明特色4. edge effect 边缘效应5. organic evolution 有机界进化6. mutual respect 相互尊重7.political correctness 政治正确性/doc/c215577804.html,anic evolution2. mutual respect3. Edge effect4. social stability5. political correctness6. cultural tradition7. distinct identityTask 2 Signpost language1. Through; through; through2. not just; but3. first4. second5. next6. final7.not only; but alsoTask 3 Formal English1. develop2. combined3. skillful performers4. obvious5. friendly6. getting rid of7. combine8. changed9. imagine10. a large number ofUnit 9Task 1 Specialized vocabulary1 D 医疗2 J 基因分型3 F 内窥镜检查4 A 生物技术5 H 诊断6 C 分子的7 I 治疗方案8 E 医生9 G 外科医生的；手术的10 B 胶囊1 diagnosis2 surgical3 Biotechnology4 healthcare5 protocols6 molecularTask 2 Signpost language1 known as2 referred to as3 call4 describe5 meanTask 3 Formal English1 increases2 marked3 arrival/ coming4 replaced5 move away6 filledUnit 10Task 1 Specialized vocabulary1 b2 k3 f4 j5 g6 i7 e8 c9 h10 a11 d1 syntactic patterns2 Language faculty3 neural system4 underlying logic5 evolutionary adaptation6 formal instruction7 mental organ8 natural selectionTask 2 Signpost language1 for2 led to3 because4 Therefore5 Therefore6 because; because7 SoTask 3 Formal English1 explanation/interpretation; impacts2 is present all over; analyze/explain/interpret。

Module 4 Sandstorms in AsiaLanguage PointsClass________________ Name________________ Goals: to master the usage of some important impressions concerning natural disasters. Method：cooperative learning1。

frightening adj （事物）吓人的，可怕的（P31） frighten vt 使惊恐frightened adj （人等）感到恐惧的What frightened/frightens sb most was/is that.... 令某人害怕/恐惧的是....frighten sb. away 吓走某人 frighten sb. to death 把某人吓得半死【反馈检测】⑴It was supposed to be a horror film but it wasn’t very ______________ .这应该是一部恐怖片，但并不太吓人。

⑵ She was ___________ at the thought of the examination .一想到考试她就害怕。

⑶On seeing the man’s _________ face ,all are ________ to run away, for he’s got a quiteugly face . 一看见那男的可怕的脸，所有的人都被吓跑了。

A. frightening ; frightenedB. frightened ; frightenedC. frightening ; frighteningD. frightened ; frightening【翻译】1)令Edward恐惧的是他曾经经历一次可怕的经历。

_________________________________________________________________________2)那是我所经历过的最可怕的情景。

formal的用法及短语一、介绍1.1 formal的定义和重要性1.2 formal在语言中的应用广泛性二、正式场合中的常用短语2.1 社交场合常用短语2.1.1 自我介绍及问候2.1.2 表达感谢和道歉2.2 商务场合常用短语2.2.1 定义问题和表达建议2.2.2 提供信息和解决方案三、正式写作中formal的运用与技巧3.1 文章开头的适当formal表达方式3.2 办公邮件正式用语3.2.1 邮件主题行与称呼语3.2.2 表达目的与请求3.。

四、形容词和副词的扩展运用...一、介绍Formal，顾名思义就是“正式”的意思。

在日常生活和工作中，无论是面对社交场合还是商业交往，都需要掌握一定程度上的formal表达方式。

这是因为在许多情况下，使用正规的、有礼貌的语言可以传递出你尊重他人、严肃对待事物以及具备专业素养的态度。

formal的运用范围广泛，涉及到口语交流以及书面写作，正确使用形容词和短语是表达个人观点、彰显专业形象的重要部分。

二、正式场合中的常用短语2.1 社交场合常用短语在社交场合中，正式用语可以帮助我们与他人建立良好的关系，并展示出我们对待他人尊敬和友善的态度。

以下是一些常见的formal短语：2.1.1 自我介绍及问候在社交活动开始时，自我介绍是必不可少的。

使用适当而正式的表达方式可以给别人留下良好印象。

例如："I would like to introduce myself. My name is [你的姓名], and I work as [你的职业]."（我想自我介绍一下。

我的名字是[你的姓名]，我从事[你的职业]工作。

）问候也是社交场合中必须要注意的一环。

以下是一些例子："How do you do?"（你好吗？）或者"Nice to meet you."（很高兴见到您。

）2.1.2 表达感谢和道歉当别人给予我们帮助或者令我们感到愉快时，表达感谢是礼貌的必要举动。

高中英语演讲主题单选题30题1. When starting a speech, which of the following is the best opening line?A. Hello everyone!B. Good morning, ladies and gentlemen!C. Hey, guys!D. How are you all?答案：B。

解析：选项A“Hello everyone!”比较随意，不够正式和庄重。

选项C“Hey, guys!”太过口语化和随意，不适合正式演讲场合。

选项D“How are you all?”这种问候方式不太适合作为演讲的开场白，更倾向于日常交流中的问候。

而选项B“Good morning, ladies and gentlemen!”正式、礼貌且符合演讲的开场氛围。

2. Which of the following is an inappropriate opening for a serious speech?A. Dear audience, I'm honored to be here today.B. Let's get started!C. Welcome to this important occasion.D. Hi there, thanks for coming.答案：D。

解析：选项A“Dear audience, I'm honored to be here today.”表达了对听众的尊重和自己的荣幸，很合适。

选项B“Let's get started!”简洁有力，能直接进入主题。

选项C“Welcome to this important occasion.”正式且恰当。

选项D“Hi there, thanks for coming.”太过随意，不够严肃和正式。

3. In a speech introduction, which one is more engaging?A. Today, I will talk about an interesting topic.B. I have something amazing to share with you.C. Now, let me begin my speech.D. I hope you will listen carefully.答案：B。