Scratch编程入门电子课本教材
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《Scratch编程》校本教材Scratch是一种图形化编程语言,可以让孩子们通过拖拽积木块的方式,创造出自己的动画、游戏、故事和艺术作品。
Scratch不仅能培养孩子们的创造力、逻辑思维和合作能力,还能让他们体验到编程的乐趣和魅力。
Scratch是由麻省理工学院媒体实验室的终身幼儿园团队开辟的,目前已经有超过2亿个Scratch项目在官网上分享,吸引了全球数千万的用户。
本教材是一本专门为小学生编写的Scratch编程入门书籍,旨在帮助孩子们掌握Scratch的基本操作和编程概念,学习如何用Scratch制作各种有趣的项目,激发他们的编程兴趣和创造力。
本教材分为四个单元,每一个单元包含若干个课时,每一个课时都有明确的学习目标、教学步骤、实践活动和小结回顾。
本教材还配有丰富的插图、示例、练习和扩展内容,让孩子们在轻松愉快的氛围中学习编程。
本教材的主要内容如下:单元一:Scratch基础。
介绍了Scratch的由来、特点和安装方法,以及Scratch编辑器的界面和功能。
通过制作一个简单的动画,让孩子们熟悉Scratch的基本操作,如添加角色、更换背景、使用积木块等。
单元二:动画与交互。
介绍了如何用Scratch制作动画和交互项目,涉及了挪移、旋转、缩放、说话、声音、事件、控制等积木的使用。
通过制作一个会变色的小猫、一个恐龙舞会等项目,让孩子们学习如何控制角色的动作和行为,以及如何让角色之偶尔角色与用户之间产生交互。
单元三:游戏与逻辑。
介绍了如何用Scratch制作游戏项目,涉及了变量、运算、判断、循环等积木的使用。
通过制作一个迷宫探险、一个石头剪刀布等项目,让孩子们学习如何设计游戏规则和逻辑,以及如何使用数据和运算来实现游戏功能。
单元四:创意与分享。
介绍了如何用Scratch进行创意编程和项目分享,涉及了列表、自定义积木、画笔等积木的使用。
通过制作一个数字时钟、一个音乐键盘等项目,让孩子们学习如何利用Scratch的高级功能来实现更复杂和更个性化的编程作品,以及如何将自己的作品Scratch编程校本教材第一部份:Scratch简介本部份介绍了Scratch的背景、特点、优势和应用场景,以及如何安装和使用Scratch软件。
第1课 初识Scratch行动要领认识SCRATCH 界面体验SCRATCH 作品体验创新SCRATCH 作品的乐趣发现一:运行程序双击桌面上的脚本区舞台发现二:打开电脑中的作品运行作品后,用键盘的四个方向键控制,并观察作品的不同效果。
调皮的小猴子是这样修改作品的:用鼠标双击脚本区中的指令积木也可以运行指令块;脚本区中不用的积木可以用鼠标拖回到命令区。
继续对程序做改动。
发现三:运行作品小绿旗,就可以了!发现四:做改动修改前修改后小提示:选中蹦床 角色后可以修改声音。
Scratch 简介Scratch 是 MIT (麻省理工学院) 发展的一套新的程序语言,可以用来创造交互式故事、动画、游戏、音乐和艺术。
很适合8岁以上儿童使用,目前1.4版已经完全支持中文界面,更方便使用,完全不用背指令,使用积木组合式的程序语言,让学习变得更轻松,并充满乐趣。
关键的关键,不在于学习了某种特殊的技能,而是在这个过程中,培养了孩子独立学习、独立解决问题的能力;而这个创造过程,是最让人快乐的。
所有的人都可以从麻省理工学院的网站免费下载,已经开发了Windows 系统,苹果系统,Linux 系统下运行的各种版本。
Scratch 的下载(示例使用windows 操作系统) (1)首先登录官方网站:/,并单击“帮助”。
(2)单击击“ ”。
(3)根据操作系统选择下载。
第2课 动起来体验“移动积木”并修改参数的乐趣小猫走出舞台的解决办法让小猫移到到指定的位置行动要领发现一:轻松动来拖到如左图所示。
运动,同时观察小猫的位置。
发现二:找出藏起来的小猫 我们一起来试试从“控制”中拖动积木小提示:使用可以限制角色只允许左右翻转。
在Scratch 中,暂时不用的代码块也可以拖离到组合好的脚本下面,这样单击绿旗后拖离的脚本就不会运行。
发现三:让小猫移动到指定位置到“脚本区”1.让小猫碰到舞台边缘后说一声“哎哟”。
2.设计符合情境的其他脚本。
Scratch程序设计*同学们在平时的学习生活中都会有一些特别有创意的想法,比如想创作一部音乐剧,制作一款自创的游戏、动漫作品等。
那么,怎样才能实现这些愿望呢?Scratch就是这样一款既简单又好玩,能够实现我们愿望的积木式编程软件。
*目 录 第一单元 初探Scratch1、好玩的Scratch2、小猫快跑3、猫鼠大战4、火柴人版“江南Style”第二单元 进阶Scratch 程序设计(一)1、小猫逛动物园2、双人赛车3、反弹球小游戏4、空战游戏* 1、好玩的Scratch同学们在平时的学习生活中都会有一些特别有创意的想法,比如想创作一部音乐剧,制作一款自创的游戏、动漫作品等。
那么,怎样才能实现这些愿望呢?Scratch就是这样一款既简单又好玩,能够实现我们愿望的积木式编程软件。
第一单元:初探Scratch*Scratch 把程序命令归为动作、控制、外观、侦测、声音、数字和逻辑运算、画笔和变量八大部分,并用不同的颜色加以分类。
我们在编写程序脚本时,可以把这些指令像搭积木一样组合起来使用,所以我们把它叫做“指令积木区”。
当你选择其中一个指令积木类别,如“动作”,相关的指令就会呈现在“指令积木区”中,然后你可以按照自己的设想把相对应的指令拖动到积木区即可。
脚本区是把指令进行组合的区域。
为了方便学习者使用,指令只有符合正确的语法才能“组合”到一块,在调试时只要用鼠标双击指令或指令块就能看到执行的效果,非常便于调试。
脚本区也可以切换成“造型”与“声音”,用来对角色的造型进行设定。
当选择了角色区的“舞台”时,“造型”区将变成“多个背景”区,用来对舞台的背景进行设置。
*巩固和提高:我们已经了解了Scratch 软件大致操作界面了。
接下来我们就可以放开手脚,充分发挥我们的创意,边玩边学Scratch 。
* 2、小猫快跑草原上,一只威猛的狮子在森林深处巡视着自己的领地。
突然,一只小猫闯进了它的领地,狮子勃然大怒,这时小猫也发现情况不妙,小猫能否脱离险境?于是森林里上演了一场“小猫快跑”的好戏……第一单元:初探Scratch*在“控制”指令类中拖一个“等待”命令到脚本区,根据需要设定等待的时间,放到上一个脚本的下方。
第1课初识Scratch行动要领认识SCRATCH界面体验SCRATCH作品体验创新SCRATCH作品的乐趣太好了!赶紧欣赏一下猫大哥在舞台上的表演!发现一:运行程序我们一起开始Scratch的学习之路吧!1.双击桌面上的图标,打开Scratch;2.启动Scratch后是英文界面,两秒钟后会根据操作系统自动变成中文界面。
脚本区舞台发现二:打开电脑中的作品跟我来运行一个作品,看看它有多么神奇吧!电脑里现在有作品吗?1.单击“文件”,选择“打开”;2.在“打开作品”对话框中选择“例子”中的“Animation”文件夹中的“Trampoline”程序,并点击“确定”。
运行作品后,用键盘的四个方向键 控制,并观察作品的不同效果。
调皮的小猴子是这样修改作品的:发现三:运行作品用鼠标单击舞台右上方小绿旗,就可以了! 小猴子,怎样可以开始? 发现四:做改动修改前修改后用鼠标双击脚本区中的指令积木也可以运行指令块;脚本区中不用的积木可以用鼠标拖回到命令区。
继续对程序做改动。
小提示:选中蹦床角色后可以修改声音。
Scratch简介Scratch是 MIT (麻省理工学院) 发展的一套新的程序语言,可以用来创造交互式故事、动画、游戏、音乐和艺术。
很适合8岁以上儿童使用,目前1.4版已经完全支持中文界面,更方便使用,完全不用背指令,使用积木组合式的程序语言,让学习变得更轻松,并充满乐趣。
关键的关键,不在于学习了某种特殊的技能,而是在这个过程中,培养了孩子独立学习、独立解决问题的能力;而这个创造过程,是最让人快乐的。
所有的人都可以从麻省理工学院的网站免费下载,已经开发了Windows系统,苹果系统,Linux系统下运行的各种版本。
Scratch的下载(示例使用windows操作系统)(1)首先登录官方网站:/,并单击“帮助”。
(2)单击击“”。
(3)根据操作系统选择下载。
第2课动起来发现一:轻松动来体验“移动积木”并修改参数的乐趣小猫走出舞台的解决办法让小猫移到到指定的位置鼠小弟,我们让小猫动一动吧。
此文档下载后即可编辑第1课初识Scratch行动要领认识SCRATCH 界面体验SCRATCH作品体验创新SCRATCH作品的乐趣太好了!赶紧欣赏一下猫大哥在舞台上的表演!发现一:运行程序我们一起开始Scratch 的学习之路吧!1.双击桌面上的图标,打开Scratch ;2.启动Scratch 后是英文界面,两秒钟后会根据操作系统自动变成中文界面。
脚本区舞台发现二:打开电脑中的作品跟我来运行一个作品,看看它有多么神奇吧!电脑里现在有作品吗?1.单击“文件”,选择“打开”;2.在“打开作品”对话框中选择“例子”中的“Animation ”文件夹中的“Trampoline”程序,并点击“确定”。
运行作品后,用键盘的四个方向键控制,并观察作品的不同效果。
调皮的小猴子是这样修改作品的:用鼠标双击脚本区中的指令积木也可以运行指令块;脚本区中不用的积木可以用鼠标拖回到命令区。
继续对程序做改动。
发现三:运行作品用鼠标单击舞台右上方小绿旗,就可以了! 小猴子,怎样可以开始? 发现四:做改动修改前修改后小提示:选中蹦床角色后可以修改声音。
Scratch简介Scratch是 MIT (麻省理工学院) 发展的一套新的程序语言,可以用来创造交互式故事、动画、游戏、音乐和艺术。
很适合8岁以上儿童使用,目前1.4版已经完全支持中文界面,更方便使用,完全不用背指令,使用积木组合式的程序语言,让学习变得更轻松,并充满乐趣。
关键的关键,不在于学习了某种特殊的技能,而是在这个过程中,培养了孩子独立学习、独立解决问题的能力;而这个创造过程,是最让人快乐的。
所有的人都可以从麻省理工学院的网站免费下载,已经开发了Windows系统,苹果系统,Linux系统下运行的各种版本。
Scratch的下载(示例使用windows操作系统)(1)首先登录官方网站:/,并单击“帮助”。
(2)单击击“”。
(3)根据操作系统选择下载。
Coding and Game DesignFacilitator GuideOverviewThe goal of this experience is to develop a STEM mindset while learning the concepts of video game design. Students will learn the basic constructs of a video game using the Scratch interface. Students use Scratch to learn about algorithms and event-driven programming. Object-oriented concepts are introduced through the use of sprites and the stage. Students use critical thinking and creativity to build and enhance Hungry Mouse, a game that they develop using Scratch.MaterialsStudents will need a computer or tablet with a web browser installed.Preparation1. Read through the teacher and student resources.2. Ensure that your students’computers or tablets have internet connectivi ty.3. Decide whether you will have your students use Scratch accounts.Note: Scratch accounts are optional. However, working without them has limitations.a. If students have a Scratch account, they can log in to their Scratch account and savetheir work under their account. It will always be available for them to update in the future.b. If they do not have a Scratch account, then:a. If they are working on a computer, they will have to download the project to theircomputer in order to save their work, and they upload the project from theircomputer back to Scratch whenever they are ready to work on it again.b. If they are working on a tablet, they may be able to download and save filesdepending on the file storage of the tablet. If they are unable to download theproject onto the tablet, they will need to complete their work in Scratch over thecourse of one session only. If they want to save their project; they will need to login with an account.If you decide to have your students use Scratch accounts, you can choose one of the two methods, based on your school’s account creation policies:a. Students can join Scratch independently at https:///join, as long as theyhave an email address.b. You can create student accounts, as long as you sign up as an educator. To do so,request a Scratch Teacher Account at https:///educators#teacher-accounts. Once approved (which takes about a day or so), you can use your TeacherAccount to create classes, add student accounts, and manage student projects. For moreinformation, please refer to the Scratch FAQ page athttps:///educators/faq.Essential Questions•How do you overcome challenges and persist when solving problems?•at are ways you can use programming skills to help yourself and others?Session Length90-120 minutes.Note:1. Set workable time limits. It is so easy for students to spend too much time working on spritecostumes that they run out of time to completely develop the game!2. The Extension Challenges section will add time based on how many extensions the students chooseto complete.Facilitation NotesBegin this experience by watching the Coding and Game Design video with your students to learn more about the day in a life of a game developer.Communicate with your students how they will work on and save their projects. If you have created a Scratch class or student accounts, make sure to share that information with your students.ExploreGo over the contents of Table 1 with your students to make sure they understand the game requirements presented to them.Decide whether you want your students to collaborate using pair programming. In this paradigm, one student will be the driver (the one doing the programming) and the other will be the navigator (the one helping by reviewing code and helping catch errors and making suggestions for improvement). Pair programming’s use in industry has shown that it improves collaboration and communication skills. Moreover, it enhances the quality of the software produced. If you use it in your classroom, make sure to have students switch roles regularly. It can either be every time they complete a task or every set number of minutes (like 15 minutes or so.)CreateEnsure students understand how to access and save their work, whether when logged in or working as guest users.Check i n with students to make sure they understand the pseudocode provided for the Mouse’s behavior. Encourage students to test their code repeatedly. This helps catch any bugs in the code early on. Remind students that solutions rarely work on the first attempt. Solving problems takes patience and perseverance. Testing code often and fixing errors is one aspect of iteration that is common to design and development. The STEM Mindset section focuses further on perseverance.You can view and download the completed code for this game to use as a reference, HungryMouseCompleted, at https:///projects/365616252.STEM MindsetAllow students to follow the directions in the Student Guide to learn how to work in Scratch. Stress that this is a new learning experience. Let students know that evaluation does not solely rely on how the game works, but—more importantly—on how each one participates in the learning process. You will need to model a STEM mindset by stressing the idea that effort builds talent.The following are some phrases to use with students who struggle despite their strong effort: •Mistakes are normal. This is new material.•You are not there, yet.•You might be struggling, but you are making progress.•Don’t give up until you feel proud.•You can do it. It can be tough or confusing, but you are making progress.•I admire your persistence.When students need help with solutions, give them strategies to help themselves (do not always just tell them how to solve the situation):•Which part is not working as expected? What was the expected behavior and how is it different from what is happening right now? What can be causing the issue?•What part is difficult for you? Let’s look at it.•Let’s think together about ways to improve this.•Let me add this new bit of information to help you solve this.•Here is a strategy to try so that you can begin to figure this out.•Let’s ask__________for advice. S/He may have some ideas.Answer KeyExplore5. Make Observationsa. What do you see?Answer: I see two costumes: Mouse and Mouse-hurt.b. What do you think these are used for?Answer: Mouse is used to show a healthy mouse (before it is caught by the cat), andMouse-hurt is used to show the mouse has been hurt by the cat.7. Make ObservationsWhat do you think are the Events blocks used for?Answer: They capture an event that happens, such as when a button is pressed or a sprite (or character) is clicked, and contain code that will run as a response to that event.8. Make ObservationsHow do you predict how each of the following will behave when the game starts?Student answers may vary. The correct predictions are:a. Mouse:Answer: The mouse will count down“get ready,get set,go!”then will spin in placefollowing the direction of the mouse-pointer.b. Cat1:Answer: The cat will move side to side on the screen indefinitely.c. Corn Bread:Answer: Nothing will happen to the corn bread, until touched by the mouse. Then itchanges its look or disappear.d. Stage:Answer: It sets the score to 0 and the stage to the Woods backdrop.Create14. Make Observationsa. What happens when the mouse collides with the corn bread?Answer: The corn bread changes to half eaten the first time, and to completely gone thesecond time.b. What happens when the mouse collides with the cats?Answer: Nothing.c. Do these behaviors match the behavior described in the pseudocode above?Answer: The behavior of the corn bread is accurate, but the behavior of the mouse whenit collides with the cats is incorrect. The mouse should change to a hurt mouse and thegame should stop.23. Make Observationsa. Do the cats stop moving?Answer: No, they keep moving.b. Do all sprites disappear?Answer: Only the mouse disappears.c. Why or why not?Answer: The code for the mouse has the hide block. But the other sprites do not haveany code that tells them to hide when game is over.Extension ChallengesA. Add other pieces of food that the mouse can collect and score more points.Solutions will vary. Students will need to add new sprites that will have event blockssimilar to corn bread.B. Add other predators that can catch the mouse.Solutions will vary. Students will need to add new sprites that will have code that is similarto the cats.C. Change the behavior of the cats to be random across the screen.Refer to the sample solution, HungryMouseWithExtensions, athttps:///projects/367513306.4. Add a“You lose!”backdrop that wil l appear when the mouse is caught by its predators.Refer to the sample solution, HungryMouseWithExtensions, athttps:///projects/367513306.5. Add another level for the game.Solutions will vary.StandardsNext Generation Science Standards (NGSS)MS-ETS1-3 Engineering DesignEvaluate competing design solutions using a systematic process to determine how well they meet the criteria and constraints of the problem.ELA Common Core StandardsCCSS.ELA-LITERACY.RI.6.7Integrate information presented in different media or formats (e.g., visually, quantitatively) as well as in words to develop a coherent understanding of a topic or issue.CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.W.6.1, 7.1 and 8.1Write arguments to support claims with clear reasons and relevant evidence.CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.W.6.2, 7.2 and 8.2Write informative/explanatory texts to examine a topic and convey ideas, concepts, and information through the selection, organization, and analysis of relevant content.CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.SL.6.2Interpret information presented in diverse media and formats (e.g., visually, quantitatively, orally) and explain how it contributes to a topic, text, or issue under study.CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.RST.6-8.1Cite specific textual evidence to support analysis of science and technical texts.CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.RST.6-8.3Follow precisely a multistep procedure when carrying out experiments, taking measurements, or performing technical taskCCSS.ELA-LITERACY.RST.6-8.4Determine the meaning of symbols, key terms, and other domain-specific words and phrases as they are used in a specific scientific or technical context relevant to grades 6-8 texts and topic.CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.RST.6-8.7Integrate quantitative or technical information expressed in words in a text with a version of that information expressed visually (e.g., in a flowchart, diagram, model, graph, or table).CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.RST.6-8.9Compare and contrast the information gained from experiments, simulations, video, or multimedia sources with that gained from reading a text on the same topic.CSS.ELA-LITERACY.WHAT.6-8.2Write informative/explanatory texts, including the narration of historical events, scientific procedures/ experiments, or technical processes.Computer Science Teachers Association K-122-AP-10Use flowcharts and/or pseudocode to address complex problems as algorithms.2-AP-12Design and iteratively develop programs that combine control structures, including nested loops and compound conditionals.2-AP-13Decompose problems and subproblems into parts to facilitate the design, implementation, and review of programs.2-AP-17Systematically test and refine programs using a range of test cases.。
儿童编程SCRATCH2.0入门中文使用教程目录:1. Scratch的简介第1课下载与安装第2课初识Scratch2.Scratch基础课程第3课让角色动一动第4课键盘控制第5课迷宫程序第6课会飞的巫婆第7课三角形的面积第8课造型切换---人物走动第9课移动人物教师进阶使用第10课判断人物位置3. Scratch进阶课程--打蝙蝠3-1 第一节课3-2 第二节课3-3 第三节课4. scratch进阶课程2-打地鼠4-1 设计背景、铁锤及地鼠4-2 撰写地鼠的程序4-3 撰写铁锤程序4-4 分数的计算5. 接球游戏5-1 设计球部份的程序5-2 人物部份的程序5-3 程序计分5-4 扣分的构想6.如何分享SCRATCH作品7.如何把sb2文件转化成swf格式的flash文件SCRATCH2.0入门中文使用教程1. Scratch的简介Scratch是 MIT (麻省理工学院) 发展的一套新的程序语言,可以用来创造交互式故事、动画、游戏、音乐和艺术。
很适合8岁以上儿童使用,目前 1.4版已经完全支持中文界面,更方便使用,完全不用背指令,使用积木组合式的程序语言,让学习变得更轻松,并充满乐趣。
官方网站:/目前已经推出 2.0版本,支持在线和离线模式。
由于国外网站速度较慢,gateface门面,已经集成了scratch的程序,所以只要安装了伽卡他卡电子教室(15.5以上版本)或这个gateface5.5以上版本,都有scratch,不用另外安装。
(伽卡他卡电子教室集成了gateface,scratch在gateface的门面编辑器里,点击相应按钮,就可以启动scratch)Gateface门面中,集成的是离线程序,可以不用登录scratch网站,在本机使用。
搜索伽卡他卡电子教室或者gateface都可以到官网或者华军下载。
分享SCRATCH作品的方法:方法1:放到网站共享。
SCRATCH网站,可以上传sb2格式的文件,这样,别人通过访问SCRATCH网站来访问你的作品,需要在SCRATCH注册账号,分享上传时需要登录账号。
小学信息技术《Scratch编程》校本教材第1课初识Scratch行动要领认识SCRATCH界面体验SCRATCH作品体验创新SCRATCH作品的乐趣发现一:运行程序我们一起开始Scratch的研究之路吧!太好了!赶紧欣赏一下猫大哥在舞台上的表演!舞台脚本区1.双击桌面上的图标,打开Scratch;2.启动Scratch后是英文界面,两秒钟后会根据操作系统自动变成中文界面。
发现二:打开电脑中的作品电脑里现在有作品吗?跟我来运行一个作品,看看它有多么奇妙吧!1.单击“文件”,选择“打开”;2.在“打开作品”对话框中选择例子”中的“n”文件夹中的“Trampoline”程序。
并点击“肯定”。
发现三:运行作品小猴子,怎样可以开始?用鼠标单击舞台右上方小绿旗,就可以了!运行作品后,用键盘的四个方向键掌握,并观察作品的不同结果。
发现四:做改动调皮的小猴子是这样修改作品的:修改前修改后用鼠标双击脚本区中的指令积木也可以运行指令块;脚本区中不用的积木可以用鼠标拖回到命令区。
继续对程序做改动。
小提示:选中蹦床角色后能够点窜声音。
Scratch简介Scratch的下载(示例使用windows操纵系统)1)第一登录官方网站:”2)单击击“”。
3)根据操纵系统选择下载。
XXX是MIT(XXX)发展的一套新的程序言语,能够用来创造交互式故事、动画、游戏、音乐和艺术。
很适合8岁以上儿童使用,目前1.4版已经完全支持中文界面,更轻易使用,完全不用背指令,使用积木组合式的程序言语,让进修变得更轻松,并充满乐趣。
关键的关键,不在于研究了某种特殊的技能,而是在这个过程中,培养了孩子独立研究、独立解决问题的能力;而这个创造过程,是最让人快乐的。
所有的人都可以从XXX的网站免费下载,已经开发了Windows系统,苹果系统,Linux系统下运行的各种版本。
第2课动起来行动要领体验“移动积木”并点窜参数的乐趣小猫走出舞台的解决办法让小猫移到到指定的位置发现一:轻松动来鼠小弟,我们让小猫动一动吧。