矢量信号分析仪(VSA)

矢量网络分析仪使用教程矢量网络分析仪（Vector Network Analyzer，简称VNA）是一种用于测量和分析电磁器件和电路的工具。

它可以通过模拟和数字信号处理技术，对电压和电流的振幅、相位以及其它参数进行精确测量。

本教程将介绍如何正确使用矢量网络分析仪进行测试和分析。

1. 连接仪器：首先，将矢量网络分析仪的射频输出端口与待测设备连接。

确保连接的线缆和连接头无损坏，并保持良好接触。

接下来，将矢量网络分析仪的射频输入端口与信号源连接，用以提供测试信号。

同样，确保连接线缆无损坏，保持良好接触。

2. 设置测试参数：通过矢量网络分析仪的操作界面，设置测试参数。

通常包括频率范围、功率级别、带宽等。

根据测试的需求，选择适当的参数设置。

3. 校准：在进行任何测试之前，必须进行校准。

校准过程旨在消除测试系统中的误差，确保测量结果的准确性。

常见的校准方法包括开路校准、短路校准和负载校准。

根据厂家提供的说明书，按照指示进行校准操作。

4. 进行测量：校准完成后，可以开始进行测量。

根据需要选择所需的测量参数，如S参数、功率、相位等。

通过修改测试参数，可以获取更详细的信息。

5. 分析数据：测量完成后，可以对数据进行分析。

矢量网络分析仪通常提供丰富的数据分析和显示功能。

可以通过画图、计算和查看不同参数的数值等方式，深入了解被测设备的性能特征。

6. 导出结果：最后，将测量结果导出到计算机或其他设备中。

矢量网络分析仪通常提供多种数据导出格式，如CSV、TXT 等。

选择合适的格式，并保存数据。

以上是使用矢量网络分析仪的基本步骤。

根据具体的应用场景和要求，可能还需要进行更复杂的操作和分析。

因此，在实际使用中，建议参考矢量网络分析仪的用户手册和厂家提供的技术支持，以获得更详细的指导和帮助。

频谱仪vsa测量模式频谱仪（VSA）是一种用于测量和分析无线通信系统中的信号频谱特性的仪器。

VSA测量模式是频谱仪提供的一种信号分析模式，可以对不同类型的信号进行详细的频谱测量和分析。

VSA测量模式基于一种被称为“基带下变频”的信号处理技术。

在这种技术中，将无线信号下变频到基带频率范围内进行处理和分析。

这种处理技术使频谱仪能够对信号的频谱特性进行高分辨率测量，并提供更准确的结果。

VSA测量模式可以用于测量和分析各种不同类型的信号，包括调制信号、宽带信号、多载波信号和脉冲信号等。

它可以提供详细的频谱测量数据，包括信号的中心频率、带宽、功率谱密度和谐波含量等信息，以及频谱图和功率谱图等可视化结果。

在VSA测量模式下，频谱仪通过一系列的信号处理算法和技术对信号进行处理和分析。

首先，信号被输入频谱仪中，并经过一些必要的前处理步骤，如放大、滤波和下变频等。

然后，信号被转换为数字信号，并进行数字信号处理和分析。

最后，频谱仪生成信号的频谱图和功率谱图，并提供详细的测量结果。

VSA测量模式具有很多优点和应用。

首先，它可以提供高分辨率的频谱测量和分析结果，使用户能够更准确地了解信号的频谱特性。

其次，VSA测量模式可以用于分析和解码各种不同类型的信号，包括数字信号、模拟信号和混合信号等。

此外，还可以对信号进行多维度分析，以获得更全面的信息。

VSA测量模式在无线通信系统的设计、调试和优化中具有重要的应用。

通过VSA测量模式，可以对无线信号进行频谱监测，以确定是否存在干扰和频谱占用问题。

此外，还可以对调制信号进行分析，以评估调制性能和信号质量，并对无线系统进行性能优化。

总之，VSA测量模式是频谱仪提供的一种信号分析模式，可以对不同类型的信号进行详细的频谱测量和分析。

它具有高分辨率、多功能和广泛的应用等优点，对无线通信系统的设计、调试和优化具有重要意义。

27GHz PXIe矢量信号分析仪提供超高的速度与精度
佚名
【期刊名称】《今日电子》
【年(卷),期】2014(0)4
【摘要】M9393APXIe高性能矢量信号分析仪（VSA）可为用户提供前所未有的速度与精度。

M9393A具有9kHZ至27GHz频率范围和160MHz分析带宽，创新的设计支持工程师验证领先设备和传统设备的真实性能。

M9393A不仅具备
±0．15dB绝对幅度精度、160dBm显示平均噪声电平（DANL）、前置放大器、＋30dBm三阶互调（TOI）等良好性能，而且频率切换时间少于150μs，可以显
著缩短测试时间并提高吞吐量。

【总页数】1页(P55-55)
【关键词】矢量信号分析仪;精度;速度;平均噪声电平;频率范围;传统设备;前置放大器;三阶互调
【正文语种】中文
【中图分类】TN957.54
【相关文献】
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2.速度与精度，安捷伦矢量信号分析仪挑战测试极限 [J], 单祥茹
3.德科技推出50 GHz PXIe矢量信号分析仪 [J],
4.是德科技推出新一代相位相干PXIe多通道矢量信号分析仪／发生器 [J],
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因版权原因，仅展示原文概要，查看原文内容请购买。

矢量信号分析仪原理
矢量信号分析仪是一种广泛应用于电信、无线通信、雷达等领域的测试仪器，用于对复杂信号进行分析和测量。

它可以同时测量信号的幅度和相位，并绘制在频率域上的频谱图。

矢量信号分析仪的原理是基于频谱分析和时域采样的原理。

当输入信号进入仪器时，它首先被分成一系列时域采样的数据点。

然后利用傅里叶变换将这些数据点转换为频域上的频谱图，显示出信号在不同频率上的能量分布。

在分析过程中，矢量信号分析仪通过对信号进行幅度和相位的解调，得到信号在不同频率上的相对强度和相位信息。

这些信息可以帮助工程师了解信号的特性和性能，并进行相应的优化和调整。

此外，矢量信号分析仪还可以通过多种数学运算和滤波器对信号进行进一步的处理和分析。

例如，可以对信号进行包络检测、频率偏移检测、调制深度检测等，以获取更全面的信号特性信息。

总的来说，矢量信号分析仪通过将信号转换为频域上的频谱图，并解调信号的幅度和相位信息，实现对复杂信号的分析和测量。

它在无线通信系统和其他领域中具有重要的应用价值，可以帮助工程师进行信号调优和系统优化。

2023年矢量网络分析仪行业市场分析现状矢量网络分析仪（Vector Network Analyzer，VNA）是一种广泛应用于电子工程领域的测试仪器，用于测量和分析高频电路的传输特性。

矢量网络分析仪可以帮助工程师通过测量S参数，深入了解电路的反射损耗、传导损耗、相位移、幅频特性等，从而优化电路设计，提高电路性能。

目前，矢量网络分析仪行业市场呈现以下几个现状：1. 市场规模逐渐扩大：随着高频电子设备的广泛应用，矢量网络分析仪的市场需求不断增长。

尤其是在通信、无线电频谱、雷达系统、天线设计等领域，对于高精度、高性能的矢量网络分析仪需求较大。

2. 技术创新推动行业进步：矢量网络分析仪行业不断进行技术创新，推出更高精度、更高频率范围、更小体积、更高速度的产品。

例如，目前已经有5G频段的矢量网络分析仪问世。

技术创新不仅满足了市场需求，也推动了整个行业的发展。

3. 产业链发展完善：矢量网络分析仪的制造需要复杂的工艺和高精度的零部件，因此，整个矢量网络分析仪行业涵盖了器件制造、系统集成、软件开发等多个环节。

目前，国内外矢量网络分析仪企业纷纷加强产业链合作，形成完善的产业生态。

4. 国内外市场竞争加剧：目前，国内外矢量网络分析仪企业不断涌现，市场竞争日趋激烈。

国际知名企业如Keysight Technologies、Rohde & Schwarz、Anritsu等在高端市场占据主导地位，国内企业如科力远、云计量、瀚宇博联等在中低端市场有一定市场份额。

随着技术的进步和竞争的加剧，市场格局可能会发生变化。

综上所述，矢量网络分析仪行业市场目前正处于快速发展的阶段，市场需求不断增长。

随着技术创新和竞争加剧，预计市场规模会进一步扩大，同时也带来更多的机遇和挑战。

矢量网络分析仪企业应密切关注市场动态，加强技术创新，提高产品竞争力，以适应市场的变化和需求的变化。

矢量信号分析仪简介矢量信号分析仪（Vector Signal Analyzer，VSA）是一种用于分析无线通信信号的测试仪器。

VSA可以对信号的幅度、相位、频率和调制等参数进行精确测量和分析。

通过对信号进行深入的分析，VSA可以用来解决很多无线通信领域的技术问题。

原理VSA的原理基于两个基本公式：傅里叶变换和IQ分解。

傅里叶变换被用于将时间域数据转换为频域数据，通过分析这些频域数据可以得到信号特性如频率和带宽等。

而IQ分解则是将复杂数据信号分解成两个分别表示振幅和相位的信号。

这使得VSA能够分离并分析调制信号中的振幅和相位部分，从而可以对调制信号进行更精确的测量和分析。

功能VSA具有许多有用的功能，主要包括：1. 频谱分析VSA可以对输入信号进行频谱分析，以确定信号的频率构成。

这个功能对于分析复杂调制信号的频谱特性非常重要。

VSA可以确定信号的中心频率、带宽、谱形等参数。

通过精确的频谱分析，可以确定信号的带宽和功率等重要参数。

2. 时域分析VSA可以将信号转换到时域进行分析。

这使得用户可以对信号的时域特性进行监测和评估。

这包括信号的峰值、波形、时延和脉冲响应等参数。

通过时域分析，用户可以精确了解信号的内容和特性，从而更好的对信号进行分析和处理。

3. 调制分析调制分析是VSA的核心功能之一。

通过将信号进行IQ分解，用户可以准确测量和分析信号中的调制参数。

这包括信号的带宽、调制深度、调制类型、调制误差等。

通过精确的调制分析，用户可以对调制信号进行更好的评估和优化。

4. 无线协议分析VSA可以对多种无线通信协议进行分析，如LTE、WCDMA、Wi-Fi、Bluetooth 等。

通过对协议进行解码和分析，用户可以深入理解无线通信的内部机制和运作方式。

这个功能对于无线通信开发和协议优化非常重要。

应用VSA在无线通信领域有着广泛的应用。

以下是一些常见的应用场景：1. 信号测量和分析VSA主要用于对无线通信信号的测量和分析。

1981Agilent E4406AVector Signal AnalyzerAccuracyS p e e d2Fast and accurate measurements To stay competitive, wireless equipment manufacturers need flexible test equipment capable of testing different formats with little change in set-up. The Agilent E4406A vector signal analyzer (VSA) is the perfect fit, offering the best combination of speed and accuracy for making one-button,standards-based measurements.2.5G and 3G formatsFor engineers developing next-generation wireless components and systems, the E4406A provides W-CDMA, cdma2000,1xEV-DO and EDGE/GSM formats. Using one-button measurements, engineers can quickly verify conformance to these new formats. As the standards have evolved, we have continued to enhance existing measurement personalities, and add new ones. The modular architecture of the E4406A makes it simple for you to upgrade and be ready for the latest standards.You develop the wireless future…Easy to useMulti-format3…we provide the signal analysis.An investment for your future The number of wireless technologies deployed around the world is growing and the demand for any particular format can change quickly. The E4406A offers format and frequency flexibility.Comprehensive signal analysis Speeding up production means being ready to manufacture anything and lose no time doing it. The E4406A easily adapts to virtually any popular format:•W-CDMA •cdma2000•1xEV-DO •cdmaOne •EDGE •GSM •NADC •PDC •iDEN •Spectrum •Waveform“We have decreased the (transmitter power calibration)test time by 25%.”–T est Systems Designer4Built for speed…Fast standards-based measurements As a wireless system or componentmanufacturer, you are under pressure to increase throughput while minimizing capital investments. Long test times can severely limit your manufacturing throughput, so we designed the E4406A.Since its introduction, progressive enhancements to the E4406A ensure its performance keeps pace with the ever-increasing need for speed.Today's E4406A is faster than ever. For example, the W-CDMA adjacent channel power ratio (ACPR) measurement is now nearly eight times faster than it used to be.Output radio frequency spectrum (ORFS) is two times faster, W-CDMA code domain power (CDP) is five times faster, and other measurements have improved as well.The E4406A transmitter power calibration uses time record data and built-in algorithms to provide complete transmitter level calibration with incredible speed – with all the accuracy you expect from the affordably-priced E4406A.In addition to high-speed throughput and accuracy in the manufacturing environment,the E4406A is designed to allow research and development engineers to quickly obtain results with minimal keystrokes.The E4406A delivers a logical user interface and a wealth of quick “one button” measurments, enabling designers to quickly try multiple test without getting bogged down in crypitic menus. The E4406A interface provides the edge needed to expediently evaluate new designs and successfully meet the demands of today's competitive environment.Base station transceiver suite of testsTypical spectrum analyzerNow even faster…without giving up accuracy.Fast spectrum measurementsThe E4406A features pre-configured, one-button measurements for many cellular standards and can also be used for narrowband spectrum measurements. Manufacturers can expect to make inter-modulation distortion and other amplitude measurements up to three times faster using the E4406A. AccuracyYou don’t need to reduce measurementspeed to get accurate results. Superiorabsolute level accuracy of ±0.6 dB(±0.4 dB typical) provides unmatchedperformance and minimizes test uncertainty.Combined with a linearity of ±0.25 dBover a 76 dB range, the E4406A is astate-of-the-art measurement tool.Absolute level accuracyNarrow span spectrum measurement over GPIB E4406A VSA spectrum analyzer25 updates/second Typicalspectrumanalyzer56The E4406A VSA…Focused applications including EDGE, GSM,W-CDMA, cdma2000, 1xEV-DO, cdmaOne,and NADC as well as narrow-span spectrum and waveform analysisBaseband measurements with balanced/unbalanced multiple impedance inputsLarge,high-resolution, color display makes viewing multiple traces easyZoomfeature allows users to display selected measurement windowsAutomatic alignment ensures accurate measurement resultsOne-button,standards-based measurements7…comprehensive signal analysis.High-speed LAN, parallel, and GPIB ports provide speed and flexibility whenIntuitive key strokesBuilt-in floppy disk drive provides PC compatibility and data archivingManufacturing8Standards complianceIn manufacturing, you need straightforward pass/fail verification of critical specifications.With built-in test limits you don ’t have to keep track of every standard. The E4406A performs tests to the requirements of current industry standards with free, easy-to-install, firmware updates.Speed and throughputIn the world of high-speed manufacturing every millisecond counts. Identify your throughput restrictions and if measurement speed is creating a bottleneck, consider the significant speed advantage of the E4406A.Transmitter and receiver testingIn combination with the Agilent E4438C ESG vector signal generator, the E4406A offers base station receiver and transmitter testing for major 2G, 2.5G, and 3G wireless formats.The E4406A combined with an E4438C is a test solution that provides the required flexibility, without compromising accuracy, for maximum throughput in base station production with the ability to migrate to new formats.Designed for manufacturing…Development9Verify next-generation designs For R&D engineers developing next-generation wireless components and systems, the E4406A is a low-cost tool that quickly verifies conformance. Your investment is secure because the E4406A has a modular architecture – making it easy to upgrade to the latest standards.Characterize using leading test methodsDigital modulation presents new challenges to amplifier manufacturers.Designers need effective methods to quickly characterize digital signals. The E4406A ’s complementary cumulative-distribution function (CCDF) is useful for determining a signal ’s power statistics,revealing the power peaks relative to the average power for assessing linearity requirements.Flexible power measurements Multicarrier power amplifier (MCPA)designers are faced with new measurement challenges. Designers must characterize intermodulation distortion at many frequency offsets and evaluate the effects of different modulation formats over a wide dynamic range. The E4406A features a fully-configurable ACP measurement that can test up to five frequency offsets and be optimized for dynamic range or speed.…and product development.10GSM with EDGE (Option 202)The EDGE measurement personality performs the latest standards-based measurements, including:•Error vector magnitude (EVM)•Multi-slot power versus time (PvT)•ORFS •IQ offset•Channel plans for 400, 800, 900, 1800, 1900 MHz•GSM measurements from Option BAH The EVM measurement features a unique algorithm to simultaneously display the EVM numerical results and the EDGE constellation diagram using the industry-specified measurement filter.GSM (Option BAH)The GSM measurement personality lets you quickly perform measurements to the latest ETSI standards:•Mean transmitter carrier power •Multi-slot PvT •ORFS•Phase and frequency error (PFER)•IQ offset•Transmitter band spurious•Channel plans for 400, 700, 800, 900, 1800, 1900 MHzThe personality features easy channel and timeslot selections, configurable PvT masks,and a typical ORFS dynamic range of 90 dB.NADC and PDC (Option BAE)Both the North American Digital Cellular (NADC) and Personal Digital Cellular (PDC)measurement personalities are included in this option. The NADC measurements are structured according to the IS-136 TDMA standard. Measurements included in this option are:•ACP •EVM•Occupied bandwidth (for PDC)The personalities feature base station and mobile radio mode set-ups, as well as sync word search capability.iDEN (Option HN1)The iDEN measurement personality performs measurements to the Motorola iDEN specialized mobile radio format. •Occupied bandwidth (OBW)•ACPR•Transmitter bit error rate (BER)TDMA measurement personalities…11W-CDMA (Option BAF)The complexity of W-CDMA demands the flexibility and depth of demodulation capability provided by this personality.Perform the following measurements on the HPSK uplink or downlink QPSK signals:•Code domain •QPSK EVM•Modulation accuracy (composite rho and EVM)•Channel power•Adjacent channel power leakage ratio (ACLR)•Power control •PvT•Intermodulation distortion •Multicarrier power•Spectrum emission mask •OBW •CCDFThis personality has the ability toautomatically determine active channels,to synchronize with any W-CDMA channel,to display code domain power in a multi-rate view, and to demodulate down to the symbol level. Variable capture intervals and pre-defined test models enable the user to perform fast, accurate measurements for manufacturing or in-depth analysis for R&D.cdma2000 (Option B78)The cdma2000 measurement personality offers the logical upgrade path from IS-95 to IS-2000 testing. Measurements support the forward and reverse links.•Code domain •QPSK EVM•Modulation accuracy (composite rho and EVM)•Channel power •ACPR•Intermodulation distortion •Spectrum emission mask •OBW •CCDFAdvanced code domain analysis algorithms display Walch codes for either Hadamard or OVSF coding schemes in a multi-rate view. Other capability includes code domain power error, symbol EVM,symbol power versus time, active channel identification, variable PN offset, quasi-orthogonal functions and demodulated symbol bit displays after de-spreading.… and CDMA measurement personalities.12Expanding measurement potential…cdmaOne (Option BAC)Built on Agilent ’s pioneering efforts in CDMA measurement techniques,this personality provides quick and easy measurement set-ups for the TIA/EIA-95, J-STD-008,IS-97D, and IS-98D band classes:•Modulation accuracy (rho)•Code domain •Channel power •ACPR•Close-in spuriousAlong with the world ’s fastest ACPR measurements, this personality features PN (pseudo-noise sequence) search, time offset, and carrier feed-through analysis.1xEV-DO (Option 204)With digital demodulation analysis, the 1xEV-DO measurement personality provides the most comprehensive, easy-to-use,1xEV-DO measurement solution available in an analyzer. This personality, which performs measurements for both forward link and reverse link signals, provides key transmitter measurements for analyzing systems based on the 3GPP2 and TIA/EIA/IS-856 standards.Forward link•Channel power•Power versus time mask •Spurious emissions and ACP •Intermodulation distortion •OBW•Code domain•Modulation accuracy (composite rho)•QPSK EVM•Power statistics (CCDF)Reverse link •Code domain•Modulation accuracy (composite rho)For forward link, the PvT mask and spurious emissions/ACP measurements support both the idle slot (burst signal) and active slot (full power signal). With the auto-burst search function, you can see the standard-based time mask for the 1xEV-DO idle slot in PvT. Code domain, modulation accuracy (composite rho), and QPSK EVM can also measure for each channel ’s Pilot, MAC, and Data in QPSK/8PSK/16QAM. Designed with flexibility in mind, this personality supports the unique 1xEV-DO forward link signals ’feature of time divisions multiplex (TDM). For reverse link, code domain, and modulation accuracy provide powerful modulation analysis functions for transmitter tests.13IQ inputs (Option B7C)Capitalize on the E4406A ’s demodulation capabilities by extending the measurement range to baseband. The baseband IQ input option enables engineers to measure the complete signal path of a receiver or transmitter and directly compare signals both before and after frequency conversion and IQ (de)modulation.Ideally suited for R&D engineers and manufacturing environments, this option allows measurement of baseband I and Q signals in either balanced or unbalanced systems. Input configurations include 50-ohm unbalanced, 600-ohm balanced, and 1-Mohm balanced or unbalanced –enabling a variety of systems to be directly tested without cumbersome and error-inducing conversion networks.Applicable in-band 3GPP W-CDMA,cdma2000, EDGE/GSM, and Basic mode measurements are supported via RF and IQ inputs, enabling engineers to track down signal degradation both before and after RF/IF conversion.Additional features include auto calibration of input signals, variable dc offsets and a dc to 5-MHz input frequency range (10 MHz in I + jQ mode)....tailored to user requirements.14E4406A VSA/89601Asoftware combinationThe standards-based, one-button test capabilities of the E4406A can be expanded with the flexible digital demodulation and analysis capabilities of the Agilent 89601A PC software. This teaming provides fast and accurate data acquisition with powerful,flexible modulation analysis tools for, both common and evolving communications standards.The 89601A vector signal analysis software is the heart of the Agilent 89600 series of vector signal analyzers. This software provides flexible tools for demodulating and analyzing even the most advanced digital modulations, whether or not they are contained in an established standard. Features include variable block size signal acquisition with user-selectable pulse search and synch words, and a user-con-trollable adaptive equalizer. Filter types include cosine (raised and square-root raised), Gaussian, and low-pass – all with configurable alpha/BT. Supported modula-tion formats for both continuous and burst carriers include FSK (2, 4, 8, and 16 level),BPSK, QPSK, OQPSK, DQPSK, p/4DQPSK,8PSK, QAM (16 to 256 level), VSB (8 and 16 level), EDGE, and MSK.The software also provides signal capture and analysis features, such as the capability to download signal capture files for playback through signal generators,and display high-speed spectrograms.The 89601A software runs on a PC connected to the E4406A, via LAN or GPIB,and provides hardware control and results displays along with modulation analysis.Coupling speed and power…15/find/vsa…with Agilent’s tradition of excellence.Service and supportThe speed and accuracy of the E4406A VSA is only a small part of what you get from Agilent. We strive to provide complete solutions that go beyond our customers ’expectations. Only Agilent offers the depth and breadth of enhancements, software, services, connectivity, accessibility, and support to help you reach your measurement objectives. For more information on the E4406A VSA, including product and application literature, visit our Web site at /find/vsaPre-sales service• rentals, leasing, and financing • application engineering services Post-sales service• standard 3-year global warranty • Worldwide Call Center and Service Center support network • one-year calibration intervals • firmware upgrades downloadable from the Web PC connectivity • 10 baseT LAN port • floppy disk drive • GPIB interface• VXI Plug and Play driversPeripheral and product interfaces • parallel printer port • printer support • VGA monitor output• Agilent E4438C ESG vector signal generator•Agilent 89601A vector signal analysis softwareTraining and access to information • on-site user training • factory service training• Web-based support of frequently asked questions• manuals on CD-ROM and on the Web Software• programming examples on CD-ROM • SCPI (Standard Commands for Programmable Instruments)• PC-based performance verification and adjustment softwareOrdering Array informationE4406A vector signal analyzerModel DescriptionE4406A7 MHz to 4 GHzOption DescriptionDigital Demodulation MeasurementsE4406A-202EDGE with GSM measurementpersonalityE4406A-2041xEV-DO measurementpersonalityE4406A-B78cdma2000 measurementpersonalityE4406A-BAC cdmaOne measurementpersonalityE4406A-BAE NADC, PDC measurementpersonalityE4406A-BAF W-CDMA measurementpersonalityE4406A-BAH GSM measurement personality E4406A-HN1IDEN measurementpersonalityInputs and outputsE4406A-300321.4 MHz IF outputBBIQE4406A-B7C I/Q inputsCalibration documentationE4406A-UK6Commercial calibrationcertificate with test data AccessoriesE4406A-1CM Rack mount kitE4406A-1CN Handle kitE4406A-1CP Rack mount and handle kitE4406A-1CR Rack slide kit* Includes English manual set.。