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福建省2017-2018学年高二下学期第一次联考(4月)英语试题Word版含答案(高中 高二 英语试题)

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“德化一中、永安一中、漳平一中”三校联考2017～2018学年下学期第一次月考高二英语试题（考试时间：120分钟总分：150分）本试卷分第Ⅰ卷和第Ⅱ卷两部分，共10页。

第Ⅰ 卷第一部分听力（共两节，共20题，每题1.5分，满分30分）第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。

每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项, 并标在试卷的相应位置。

听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。

每段对话仅读一遍。

1. What does the man probably like?A. Playing basketball.B. Rock-climbing.C. Swimming.2. What does the man mean?A. Jane is eager to return home.B. Jane is on her way home.C. Jane won’t spend Christmas at home.3. What can we learn from the conversation?A. The man missed the lecture completely.B. The man was late for the lecture.C. The man doesn’t attend the lecture.4. Why doesn’t the girl lend a pen to the boy?A. She does not have any pens.B. She left her pen at home.C. She has only one pen and has to use it.5. What does the woman do?A. An engineer.B. An official.C. A teacher．第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。

每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置，听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题给出5秒钟的作答时间，每段对话或独白读两遍。

听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。

6. What is the man praising the woman for?A. Her boots.B. Her handbag.C. Her skirt.7. Why does the man want to know the store’s name?A. To buy a skirt for his girlfriend.B. To introduce it to his friends.C. To buy a pair of boots for himself.听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。

8. How does the man feel after the interview?A. Nervous.B. Hopeful.C. Disappointed.9. How many people will be chosen for the job in the company?A. Twenty-eight.B. Twenty-six.C. Two.10. What do the man’s parents expect him to do?A. To find a job near home.B. To get the job he has just applied for.C. To work in a big city.听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。

11. When was the last time the two speakers met each other?A. A few years ago.B. Last summer.C. Last Christmas.12. What do we know about Mr. White’s kids?A. Joe is now interested in sports.B. Billy has broken his arms badly.C. Joe is learning to play the violin.13. What is Mrs. White learning now?A. Cooking.B. French.C. Typing.听第9段材料，回答第14至17题。

14. What is the woman going to be?A. A part-time waitress.B. A full-time secretary.C. A part-timeteacher.15. Why does the woman want to leave Park Hotel?A. She can’t ea rn much money there.B. She is too busy to work full time.C. It is far from her university.16. On which day should the woman work all day?A. On Friday.B. On Sunday.C. On Saturday.17. When will the woman start working?A. On May 8.B. On May 3.C. On May 1.听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。

18. How should you feed rabbits?A. Provide them with various foods every day.B. Provide a treat for them sometimes.C. Make sure they often drink clean warm water.19. What can you learn about rabbit care?A. They should be given enough space.B. Pet rabbits don’t like to play with toys.C. Rabbits tend to be more relaxed indoors.20. Where is the passage taken from?A. An agricultural report.B. A magazine for pet lovers.C. An interesting story book.第二部分阅读理解 (共两节，满分40分)第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项中（A、B、C和D），选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

AUniversity of Miami Summer Scholars ProgramCategories: Writing, Arts / Photography / Film, Sports / Boating / Riding, Science / Math, Technology / Computers, Academic / Pre-College, Business / Debate Ages: 15-17Gender: Co-EdType: Residential (住校的)Mailing Address: Summer Scholars Program, University of Miami, P.O. Box 248005 Coral Gables, FL USA 33124-1610The University of Miami Summer Scholars Program (SSP) is an exciting opportunity for current high school sophomores (二年级生) and juniors to explore their academic passions and experience what it's like to be a college student. This unique academic program allows students to earn college credits, interact with world class professors, make lasting friendships, and grow as independent thinkers.For parents with questions about whether their son / daughter should apply for the Summer Scholars Program, consider this: many high school students are unsure about what colleges to apply to, let alone what major to pursue. Choosing a pre-college summer program like Summer Scholars allows students to explore possible majors, colleges, and career opportunities in an environment where they can earn college credits while concentrating on subject matter they are interested in.Students selected for this three-week scholarly program experience the following: ·Choose an academic track based on their passion / interest·Participate in classes with high school students from a round the country and world·Learn from a student-centered curriculum and earn up to 6 college credits ·Participate in numerous hands-on activities·Live on campus for three weeks and experience college life·Participate in educational field trips·And, mo re!21. What's the aim of the program?A. To improve the attendees' social skills.B. To prepare the attendees for future studies.C. To help improve high school performance.D. To establish University of Miami's reputation.22. Why are parents mentioned in the text?A. To encourage them to give their kids more help.B. To tell them the importance of choosing majors.C. To persuade them to spread the message on the program.D. To convince them of the necessity of attending the program.23. How is the program arranged?A. It focuses on theoretical knowledge.B. It all takes place inside the classroom.C. Students stay inside the campus over night.D. Science and technology courses are the mainstream.BStephen Hawking, a world famous British physicist, also w rote a children’s book with his daughter. Hawking said the book would be “a bit like Harry Potter” but without the magic. “It explains the wonders of the universe,” said Hawking, while he was on a visit to Hong Kong over 10 years ago.Hawking, is proba bly the world’s most famous scientist after Albert Einstein. He is an expert on black holes. He has put his whole life into digging into the beginning (and the end) of the universe. “My goal is simple,” Hawking once said. “It is to completely understand th e universe, why it is as it is and why it is there at all.” Hawking has a bad illness that stops him from moving or talking. For a period of time, he had no way to communicate except by blinking(眨眼).Now he sits on a wheelchair with a computer by his side. To communicate, he moves two fingers to control the computer’s mouse. He selects his words from the screen, which are then spoken by a voice synthesizer(音响合成器).“I have had the disease for most of my life,” Hawking once said. “Yet it has no t stopped me from being successful at my work.”Although Hawking is such a disabled man, he made great achievements. He has received many awards and prizes for his work over the years. This includes winning the Albert Einstein Award. It is the highest achievement in theoretical physics.24. In the first paragraph, the book that Stephen Hawking wrote is_____.A. about the magicB. about scienceC. the same as Harry PotterD. is quite different from Harry Potter.25. From text we can learn _____.A. Hawking is more famous than EinsteinB. Hawking is less famous than EinsteinC. Both Hawking and Einstein are very famousD. Neither Hawking nor Einstein is famous26. What does the underlined pronoun “it” stand for?A. The goal.B. The magic.C. The universe.D. The book.27. According to the text, which of the following statements is the fact?A. He communicates with others by speaking.B. The illness keeps him from moving and talking.C. The illness stopped him from being successful.D. Hawking has received many awards and prices except the Albert Einstein Award.CA new study suggests that tiny organisms living underground may store most of the carbon in Swedish forest floors. That's a good thing for the environment: If the carbon remains hidden in the soil, then it's not escaping into the atmosphere. There, it could contribute to global warming.These organisms, called mycorrhizal fungi(菌根真菌), grow on tree roots. They provide trees with nutrients in exchange for their sugars, which contain carbon.Scientists had long believed that most of the carbon sits above ground. But the new study suggests most carbon is trapped in the soil. Carbon is a building block of every living organism, from people and fish to bacteria and trees. Trees are masters at stashing carbon. They breathe in carbon dioxide from the air. They use the carbon to grow branches, leaves and roots. But the element moves around. If a tree falls down and rots—or is cut down and burned—its carbon goes back into the air as carbon dioxide. Too much of the gas in the air can foster global warming.In cold northern forests, like those in Sweden, fallen leaves and branches take a long time to rot. That means the carbon in those materials can stay put for a long time.To learn more about what a tree does with its carbon, ecologists at the Swedish University collected soil from 30 forested Swedish islands. They then measured the amount and age of the carbon in the samples. The scientists found that deeper, fungi-filled soils contained more carbon than soils from the surface of the forest floor.When the scientists dated the carbon in the samples, they got a surprise: They found "young" carbon in deeper soils. The researchers had expected to find young carbon only in soils closer to the surface of the forest floor. The only explanation, they say: The young carbon came from the underground fungi that swallow carbon-containing sugars from tree roots.With the new findings, scientists may better understand soil's role in storing carbon. That information could help improve forecasts for global warming.28. How do fungi grow?A. They consume carbon dioxide.B. They digest fallen tree branches.C. They absorb nutrients from the soil.D. They obtain sugars from tree roots.29. What does the underlined word "stashing" in Para. 3 mean?A. Storing.B. Reducing.C. Transforming.D. Producing.30. Why were the scientists surprised at the findings?A. Young carbon was found in the surface of the forest floor.B. The findings could not be explained scientifically.C. The findings proved their previous ideas wrong.D. It is hard to find young carbon in the underground fungi.31. Which of the following can be the best title for the text?A. Fungi In Cold Northern Forests.B. Fungi As Carbon Keepers.C. Fungi On the Roots of Trees.D. Fungi In the Deep Soil.DMany of the world's tallest buildings will make you dizzy if you reached their top. But these grand buildings could soon look like bungalows in comparison to a three-mile-high skyscraper which it is said could be built by 2062.The skyscraper is the idea of Arconic, a materials science company based in New York, as part of its larger campaign called “The Jetsons” — a homage (致敬) to the 1962 cartoon, set in 2062. Arconic has imagined the skyscraper created using materials that are either in-development or have already been brought to market, including smog-eating surfaces and retractable (可伸缩的) balconies.Sherri McCleary, one of Arconic's chief materials scientists, says one of the most exciting and immediate projects is EcoClean, a special coating that helps buildings self-clean and purify the surrounding air. It was first released in 2011 and offers a number of benefits over traditional glass windows. The functional coating provides beauty and a benefit to the surrounding environment by reducing the content of pollutants around it.EcoClean uses a mix of chemicals, which use both light and water vapour (蒸汽) to produce atoms known as free radicals. These free radicals draw in pollutants in the air, breaking them down before they fall off the side of the building.Another innovation (创新) is in the windows themselves, which Arconic also hopes could be a part of the three-mile-high tower. The new design is called Bloomframe. Essentially, it's a motorized window that changes into an all-glass balcony in under a minute. The firm has already showcased the Bloomframe technology at several trade shows, and hopes it will become available to buy in the near future.Fitting in with “The Jetsons” theme, the firm is also working on flying cars, featuring ultra-lightweight car bodies and airplane wings. In the meantime, it continues working to push the limits of what modern-day skyscrapers can look like and do. Thanks to 3D printing, McCleary says many structures that aren't currently feasible (可行的) could withstand high winds and unique climates. “We're looking at improving materials that can be 3D-printed to give more and more options to designe rs and architects,” she says.32. What can we learn about the skyscraper?A. It is now in-development.B. It has many futuristic features.C. It was first put forward in 1962.D. It will be the tallest building in2062.33. What is EcoClean supposed to achieve?A. A tidier coating.B. A quieter environment.C. A cleaner building surrounded by cleaner air.D. A more beautiful view through glass windows.34. What does paragraph 4 mainly talk about?A. How EcoClean works.B. How we can avoid pollution.C. What free radicals are.D. Where EcoClean comes from.35. Which of the following may require Bloomframe technology?A. Flying cars.B. Balcony walls.C. Airplane wings.D. Changeable windows.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。

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江苏省盐城市五校联考2024-2025学年高二上学期10月月考试题英语

江苏省盐城市五校联考2024-2025学年高二上学期10月月考试题英语

听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
6.What’s the man?
A.A hotel receptionist.B.A salesman.C.A painter.
7.Which colour will the woman try on?
A.Red.B.Black.C.Purple.
A.It’s in a hurry.
B.It’s unimportant.
C.It’s timeconsuming.
15.What’s the man’s last task?
A.Writing a report.
B.Starting a new project.
C.Sending an email.
16.When will the woman give a presentation?
A.Today.B.Next week.C.Next month.
听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
17.What is Belfast famous for?
A.Making ropes.B.Building ships.C.Selling tea.
A.She failed to behave herself in public.
B.She got lost with her brother.
C.She served the wrong dish.
第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
江西省南昌市第二中学2017-2018学年高二上学期第一次月考英语试题含答案

江西省南昌市第二中学2017-2018学年高二上学期第一次月考英语试题含答案

南昌二中2017—2018学年度上学期第一次月考高二英语试卷第一部分听力（共两节,满分30 分)第一节（共5小题;每小题1分，满分5分）听下面5段对话.每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。

听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。

每段对话仅读一遍.1。

What does the man probably do？A. A shop assistant. B。

A policeman。

C. A postman。

2. How old is the man’s daughter？A。

Six months old。

B. One year old。

C。

Two years old。

3。

When did the woman plan to go to Spain？A. In spring。

B. In summer。

C。

In autumn。

4. Where will the speakers go first？A. A restaurant.B. A cinema.C. A hospital.5. What does the man think of the lecture？A. It was interesting。

B。

It was far beyond his understanding。

C. It was long but easy to understand。

第二节（共15小题；每小题1分,满分15分）听下面5段对话或独白。

每段对话或独白后有几个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项,并标在试卷的相应位置。

听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。

每段对话或独白读两遍。

听第6段材料，回答第6、7题.6. What does the man usually do at home?A。

福建省福州市2017-2018学年高二下学期期末联考试题语文-含答案

福建省福州市2017-2018学年高二下学期期末联考试题语文-含答案

2017——2018学年度第二学期八县（市）一中期末联考高中二年语文科试卷命题学校：闽侯一中命题教师：高二语文集备组复核教师：赵晓莺张岚考试日期：7月2日完卷时间：150分钟满分：150分一、现代文阅读（35分）(一）论述类文本阅读（本题共3小题，9分）阅读下面的文字，完成1〜3题。

很多人认为社交网络的实时性加速了谣言的传播，这似乎是有道理的，但先于社交网络存在的BBS、“论坛”和“社区”等交流平台也有实时性；很多研究复杂网络的分析则认为，社交网络的复杂结构更易于传播谣言，复杂网络的结构特性确实会加速谣言的传播，但事实上社交网络的复杂结构特性在人际社会中同样具备，因此这不能解释两者的区别。

实时性所带的信息成本降低因素不是决定性的，网络结构因素又不能完全说明问题，真正造成社交网络谣言传播加剧的根是信息反馈机制的失效。

在传统的人际社会中，谣言传播是在一对一或者一对多的人际圈子中，首先由“谣言感染者”发起谣言，接着倾听者们会逐一表示自己的态度：认同、反对或沉默。

“认同”会增加圈子中的个体进一步将谣言带入另一个交际圈的兴趣；相反，“反对”会减弱圈子里的个体对于谣言的兴趣。

如果反对者的态度足够强烈且理由充分，圈子中的其他人也会成为“谣言免疫者”甚至“谣言粉碎者”——当其在别的圈子中再次听到该谣言时，也会加以反对。

在虚拟的社交网络中，由于信息发布的单向性和局域广播性，谣言的传播机制通常是：谣言发布——推送给交际圈中的每一个个体——个体转发——再次推送给新的圈子，而反馈并不在再次推送的内容中。

在整个传播机制中，一方面，个体对谣言的反馈无法与谣言的传播同步，谣言的单向发布使得信息并不需要获得反馈就可以传播，这样导致反馈远远滞后；另一方面，社交网络的反馈只针对谣言发起者，并不具有等同的局域广播性，这使得反馈变得异常微弱。

严重滞后和微弱到不起眼的音量，使得人际社会的反馈机制在社交网络中根本无法发挥作用——这就是为什么社交网络中“智者”的声音会为谣言所淹没。

2023-2024学年福建省福州市八县市协作校高二下学期期中联考英语试题

2023-2024学年福建省福州市八县市协作校高二下学期期中联考英语试题

2023-2024学年福建省福州市八县市协作校高二下学期期中联考英语试题When it comes to tricks in life, the following will be of great help, which might surprisingly end up working the magic.Hooks that helpThere’s nothing worse than throwing something into the trash bin and watching the garbage bag fall in with it. To prevent this, stick two wall hooks onto the outside of your bin(one on either side), positioned so they face downward. The next time you replace the grocery bag, loop its handles through the hooks and no matter how full the bag gets, it’ll never drop to the bottom of the bin again.Easier garbage storageYou have probably encountered this: after filling the bag with trash, it forms a vacuum (真空) seal so tight that it’s a struggle to lift the bag out once it’s full. What to do? Punch a couple of small holes in the sides, a few centimeters above its base. The holes will allow just enough airflow to make lifting out the trash a piece of cake.Instant bottle brushIf you have an ordinary kitchen sponge (海绵) and a fork, then you have everything you need for a DIY bottle brush. Pierce the narrowest edge of the sponge with the fork and slide the sponge down until the points of the fork are fully covered. You can now clean out the skinniest bottle with ease.Express dryingNeed washed load of laundry dried in a flash? Toss a clean, dry towel into the dryer along with all the wet stuff for the first 15 minutes of the cycle. It’ll absorb some of the moisture and speed up the overall drying time.1. What is the key to lifting trash bags?A．The fork. B．The hook. C．The brush. D．The holes.2. Why is a dry towel used in the laundry?A．To take in water. B．To tidy the dryer.C．To clean the clothes. D．To distinguish the wet stuff.3. What does the passage mainly talk about?A．Various means of saving money. B．Creative ideas on making life fun.C．DIY solutions for life’s little dilemmas.D．Different ways to promote cooking skills. I’m a layperson with a love of science who occasionally reads science magazines. My approach was from an author’s angle, spending months on research before writing a single word for Pig Heart Boy.So where did I get the idea? Whenever I attend a school event, that question is asked. The answer is simple. Back in the mid 1990s, I read a newspaper article written by a doctor who guessed that we would eventually have to turn to xenotransplantation (异种器官移植) as a possible solution to the lack of human organ donors. It left my mind filled with questions. What are the consequences? Dowe really have the right to treat animals as me re organ sources for humans? So I headed to my nearest bookshop and bought all the books I could on heart transplants in particular.I’ve found questions are one of the best plac es to start from when writing a novel. In my story Cameron, who needs a heart transplant, knows he is unlikely to see his next birthday unless he receives one, but he is a long way down the waiting list. When a genetically modified (GM) pig’s heart is offered by a pioneering doctor, Cameron decides to go for it —and his new heart completely changes his life in unexpected ways.Now some people think that the subject matter is not suitable for children, criticizing the cruel and inhuman ways of xenotransplant ation. I completely disagree. As a children’s author, it never ceases to amaze me how some adults underestimate what subject matter will interest and stimulate children.I wanted to write a story that provided no right or wrong answers, a story that would allow the reader to walk in Cameron’s shoes for a while and think about what decisions they would make and how they would react if they too were faced with his situation.Fictional stories that explore new ideas when it comes to STEM (science, technology, engineering and mathematics) subjects also have a part to play in enriching our children’s reading and learning. Various studies have shown that reading fiction enhances our children’s ability to grasp new concepts. Pig Heart Boy was my attempt to incorporate science possible into a believable, thought-provoking (令人深思的) story.4. Where did the author get inspiration from to write Pig Heart Boy?A．A school event. B．A news item.C．Science magazines. D．Books on heart transplants.5. What might be a major concern of those who disagree with Pig Heart Boy?A．Animal rights. B．GM technology.C．Organ transplant risks. D．Organ shortage crisis.6. What are the last two paragraphs of the text mainly about?A．Ways of tapping children ‘s intelligence.B．Potential application of fictional stories.C．Supporting evidence for justifying the book. D．Influence of fictional stories on STEM subjects.7. What is Pig Heart Boy?A．An author profile. B．A science fiction novel.C．A guidebook to xenotransplantation. D．An essay on writing children’s literature.“Anxiety.” The very word invites discomfort. Its effects—shortness of breath, pounding heart, muscle tension—are outright upsetting. But, as a clinician, I find that we tend to miss out on many valuable opportunities presented by this human emotion. In and of itself, anxiety is not deadly, nor is it a disease. Quite the contrary: it is an indicator of brain and sensory health. Once we accept that it is a normal, though uncomfortable, part of life, we can use it to help us.We all know working out at the gym is hard. By nature, a “good workout” is uncomfortable, since it involves pushing our physical strength past what we can easily do. The sweet spot of exercise is always a somewhat challenging experience. Similarly, if you want to be emotionally stronger, you need to face some tension. For example, one effective treatment for fear is exposure therapy (疗法), which involves gradually encountering things that make one anxious, reducing fear over time.Humans are social creatures. When my patients learn to open up to their partners about their anxieties, they almost always report a greater sense of emotional closeness. Also, as international relationship expert Sue Johnson teaches, when we express our need for connection during challenging moments (e.g., “I’m having a hard time right now and could really use your support”), it creates greater connection and turns our anxiety into love.From time to time, we find ourselves at the end of our rope. Our responsibilities pile up, our resources break down, and we feel uncomfortably anxious—what we’re experiencing is called stress. Simply put, the demands placed upon us outweigh our available resources, just like a set of scales (天平) going out of balance. Focusing on work and pretending everything is OK only leads to disastrous results. Medical treatment for stress may function for a while, but it tends to make things worse in the long run. The only solution to deal with stress is to do the mathematics to balance the scales.8. What does the author say about anxiety?A．It is an invitation to diseases.B．It indicates stable mental health.C．It costs us many valuable chances.D．It is a natural emotional expression.9. Why does the author mention “good workout” in paragraph 2?A．To prove how exercise influences emotions.B．To suggest an effective way to challenge limits.C．To explain how anxiety builds emotional strength.D．To show a positive connection between mind and body.10. What is paragraph 3 mainly about?A．The key to closene ss is partners’ support.B．Sharing anxieties improves relationships.C．Humans are defined by their social nature.D．Expressing feelings keeps us off anxieties.11. According to the last paragraph, how can we deal with stress?A．Devote more energy to our work.B．Increase resources available to us.C．Seek professional medical treatment.D．Master advanced mathematical skills.The science of why insects gather around lights at night has never been nailed down. Popular theories propose that moths and other insects navigate (导航) by the moon and mistake lamps for moonlight, or that the insects fly towards light to escape coming danger. Now researchers believe they have a more convincing answer: contrary to current theories, insects are not attracted to light from far away, but become trapped if they fly close to an artificial light source.According to Dr Sam Fabian, study co-author and Imperial College London entomologist, moths and many other insects that fly at night evolved to tilt (倾斜) their backs to wherever is brightest. For hundreds of millions of years, this was the sky rather than the ground. The trick told insects which way was up and ensured they flew level. But then came artificial lighting. Moths found themselves tilting their backs to street lamps. This caused them to circle around the lamps endlessly, the insects trapped by their evolution.Fabian and his colleagues filmed insect flight paths around lights in the lab. The videos reveal that time and again, moths and dragonflies turned their backs to artificial lights, which appeared to greatly change their flight paths. If the light is above them, they might start orbiting it, but if it’s behind them, they start tilting backwards and end up flying in circles or diving toward the ground. Researchers have long warned that light pollution is a big driving force in the dramatic decline in insect populations. Moths and other insects that become trapped around lamps become easily caught by bats. The artificial lighting can also fool them into thinking it is daytime, causing them to bed down and skip a night’s feeding.There are, Fabian believes, helpful lessons from the research. “What this tells us is that the direction of artificial light matters. Could we change lighting environments to not trap i nsects? For we’re facing a massive decline in insects around the world, and artificial light at night is one of the factors that could potentially be leading to this decline,” Fabian said.12. What do the underlined words “nailed down” in paragraph 1 mean?A．Popularized widely. B．Discussed openly.C．Defined accurately. D．Explored academically.13. Fabian’s study found that moths circle around the lamps endlessly because ______.A．they can’t keep their balance.B．they use improper flight attitude.C．they lose track of which way is up.D．they are attracted to lights from far away.14. What is the significance of the research finding?A．It may lead to better conservation of insects.B．Natural enemies of insects will be got rid of.C．Artificial lighting will be greatly reduced at night.D．It may raise concerns for insects’ eating behavior.15. What is the text mainly about?A．Why insects lose their ability to fly at night.B．Why artificial light and evolution trap insects.C．How artificial light impacts insect populations.D．How insects evolved distinct strategies of flight.Why was school created? 16 Especially on test days, many students wonder exactly why they’re being subjected to such terrible and unusual punishment!If you’re honest with yourself, though, you know what a great place school is. 17 . Sure, tests can be stressful, but think of how boring life would be if you didn’t get to learn new things and see other people so often!Schools are not a new invention. You may have seen some old one-room schoolhouses that have been around for several hundred years or more. 18 .In fact, education dates back to the very first humans ever to live on Earth. Why? To survive, every generation has found it necessary to pass on its knowledge, skills, values, and traditions to the next generation. How can they do this? Education! Each subsequent generation (后代) must be taught these things.19 They educated young people within the family unit. Over time, however, populations grew and societies formed.Rather than every family being responsible for education, people soon found out that it would be easier and more efficient to have a small group of adults teach a larger group of children. 20 .William Gwyn Thomas, who used to be a dairy farmer in Lampeter, Ceredigion, has been cleaning trains at Carmarthen station for 25 years.Gwyn is still working with a team as ________as ever to clean anywhere between 18 and 26 carriages at night and is proud of what he does. “I didn’t expect I’d still be ________ at 80,” said Gwyn. “But I really love it, and I’ll _____when I feel I can’t do it.”Gwyn joined the train cleaning team in the late 1990s. He _______ his long working life to “eating well, not drinking anything ________ than a beer and cutting down on smoking”.Working from 7:30 pm to 2:30 am, Gwyn and his team clean each ________ from top to bottom, including the cabs (驾驶室), toilets, tables and floors.The worst ________ tend to be Saturdays, when Transport for Wales (TW) said the toilets can be “________”, but Gwyn said he tak es it all in his stride (泰然处之).“It’s annoying but there’s no point ________ it because that’s the job and we just have to _______ it,” he said. “Someone has to get it looking nice for ________ again.”TfW’s cleaning manager Wendy Jones described passionately Gwyn as “part of the ________ of Carmarthen station”.Wishing him a happy 80th birthday, he _______, “The standard of work Gwyn puts in night after night is a(n) ______ example to us all on how to show _______ in your work.”21.A．silently B．gracefully C．energetically D．cautiously22.A．working B．driving C．learning D．farming23.A．continue B．concentrate C．hesitate D．finish24.A．applies B．exposes C．owes D．devotes25.A．weaker B．stronger C．cheaper D．colder26.A．room B．department C．hall D．carriage27.A．cabs B．shifts C．performances D．accidents28.A．rewarding B．exciting C．challenging D．surprising29.A．dreaming about B．complainingC．contributing to D．submitting toabout30.A．break away from B．watch out for C．give way to D．get on with31.A．conductors B．workers C．passengers D．managers32.A．structure B．reform C．schedule D．platform33.A．suggested B．added C．questioned D．responded34.A．true B．poor C．interesting D．hopeful35.A．depression B．curiosity C．bravery D．pride阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。