Unit 14 FinancesWarm up1. There are plenty of people out there offering to teach you ways of earning money. Beware of get-rich-quick schemes. These are programs that falsely promise big money with little effort. Remember, if it sounds too good to be true, it probably is!2. Research any money-making opportunity carefully before you hand over your cash. Some companies make a lot of money off of people who are so gullible they will trust anyone.3. Putting your money into any opportunity is risky, so ma ke sure you don’t invest more money than you can afford to lose.4. Now, if you’re ready to invest, check out these ways:5. Real Estate: Buying and selling homes and other kinds of property can be a good money-maker for some people.6. The Stock Market: Buying and selling shares in a successful company could make you big bucks. Just be careful to hire a good broker, someone who has a lot of knowledge of the market.7. Internet Business: Many people these days are starting their own business on the Web. You may want to consider taking some classes to learn how to successfully set up your new business.8. Remember, these opportunities are not for everyone. Select the one that’s right for you or come up with your own ideas to make money!First Listening1. A: Oh, are you investing in the stock market?B: Yeah, nowadays, it’s so easy to buy and sell stocks on the Internet.A: Oh, yeah? I’ve never tried it.B: Well, all, you need is a little money to get started. You don t need a broker oranything. One click and you can buy or sell any stock you want.A: Yeah, one click and you can lose a lot of money! It just sounds too risky to me.B: A little risky, I guess. But it’s so exciting!2.A:We’ve got a lot of bills to pay this month.We’d better cut down on our spending.B: I wish there was some way we could make some money. Maybe we could invest in some big company, or come up with our own idea for a new company!A: Oh yeah, like what?B: How about starting some kind of Internet site where regular people from all over the world could sell stuff they no longer wanted?A: Kind of like a cyber garage sale?B: Exactly!A: That’s a great idea, Peter. Unfortunately, it’s already been done. Haven’t you heard of eBay?B: Oh, yeah.3. A: What are you doing?B: I’m going through all my comic books. I’m gonna try to sell them.A: Do you think you’ll get any money for them?B: I’m not sure, but it’s worth a try. I bought these comics when I was a kid for lessthan a dollar each. Some of them might be worth a lot now.A: You know, I remember reading about a guy who had this popular toy from the1970s. I think it was some kind of “Star Wars” action figure. It was in mint condition, never touched, stiI1 in the box and everything. Anyway, he got, like, a couplethousand dollars for it.B: Wow. I hope I get that lucky.A: You never know. Maybe someone out there is just waiting to get their hands on your old comics.4. A: I have a great idea!B: Oh no, here we go again! This isn’t another one of your get-rich-quick schemes, is it?A: Just hear me out. I think this one could really work!B: All right, what is it?A: OK. Picture this: You’re at a football or a baseball game and it starts to rain...B: Yeah?A: You don’t have an umbrella, so you get totally wet, right? And it’s really annoying. B: Yeah, so?A: Well, what if we invented a hat that has, like, an umbrella built into it?B: Are you crazy? Who’s gonna want to walk around with an umbrella attached to their head?A: OK. OK. I got another one.Real World ListeningEd: Are you worried about having enough money? Are you worried about paying your bills? Well, worry no more!Customer 1: I used to watch every penny. But now I’m worth four million dollars, and it’s all, thanks to Steven Crowe!Customer 2: I used to get headaches from worrying about money. I had a lot of credit card debt, and my mortgage payments were killing me. Then I got StevenCrowe’s videos and learned how to make real money.Ed: “Real Money.” That’s the name of this three-video set by Steven Crowe. Let Steven show you how to become financially independent buying and selling real estate. Steven: Hi! I’m Steven Crowe. I used to worry about money, too. I felt like a victim of the system. But then I found a way to make the system work, for me.Ed: What’s the trick, Steven?Steven: There’s no trick, Ed. It’s simple, once you understand how real estate really works. All you need to know is how to buy low and sell high. And that’s exactlywhat my videos teach you to do.Ed: And you can get really rich?Steven: Just ask some people who have “Real Money.”Customer 1: After I got the “Real Money” videos, I bought my first house, following Steven’s simple rules. Six months later I sold it and bought two more houses. Ayear after that, I had enough money to quit my job. Now I have more money than I’ll ever need, and it’s such a great feeling.Steven: I want you to have that feeling, too. And you can.Ed: Call now to order “Real Money.” 1-800-289-7325. That’s 1-800-BUY-REAL. Only three payments of $19.95 each, plus shipping and handling. All major credit cards welcome. Get it today for a worry-free tomorrow! Results may vary.Unit 15 ChangesWarm UpDealing with Loss1. We all recognize the most serious kinds of loss: A husband who loses his spouse may experience a deep sense of grief. A person living abroad may deal with homesickness. But seemingly less serious types of loss, such as changing jobs, can also create some of the same strong feelings. The good news is that going through any type of loss helps us to learn and grow. So how can you deal with loss and what can you do for your loved ones when they are struggling with grief? Here are some tips:2. Dealing with your own loss:You cannot manage successfully on your own. You need family and friends. Remember, your friends can’t read your mind.You must talk to them.You don’t need to put on a smile or keep up a cheerful face.Grief is not a sign of weakness.It is the result of a strong relationship and deserves the honor of strong emotion.Focusing on your loss will not help you hold on to memories.When a person moves on and makes a new life, positive memories return more clearly3. Helping friends and family:Be patient. Eventually your friend will recover. But healing takes time. Be prepared for setbacks. Even when things start to look up and life seems happier, depression can still return. Let your friend know you will always be there.First Listening1. A: Hi, Diego. What’s wrong? You look so sad.B: Yeah, I feel terrible. My dog died last night.A: Oh, no. You mean Champ?B: Yeah. He would have been ten in March.A: I’m so sorry. I know how much that dog meant to you.B: I’m really going to miss him. We went everywhere together.A: I know.B: He used to go get my running shoes and drop them at my feet whenever I eventhought about going for a run. It was like he could read my mind or something.A: Yeah, he was a great dog, really special.2.A:Hi,Theresa.I heard about your mom and dad.B: Yeah. I guess everybody knows by now.A: You know, I struggled with my own parents’ divorce when I was a teenager. It was really hard. I understand what you’re going through.B: Really? You know, sometimes it feels like everyone puts the focus on my mom and dad. “Oh, how are you dealing with it? It must be so hard to get divorced.” But no one ever asks me how I’m feeling.A: So, how do you feel? C’mon, let it out.B: Kind of lonely, actually. Like I’ve lost the two most important people in my life, but they’re still here.A: Well, you have lost something. Your family is never going to be the same. But give it some time. I know it’s hard now, but things will start to look up eventually.3. A: Joe! Are you free Friday night?B: Yeah. I think so.A: I was thinking you and Gwen might want to do a double date with me and Jennifer, maybe take in a movie.B: Oh. Didn’t you hear? Gwen and I broke up, last week, actually.A: Oh, wow! I can’t believe it. What happened? Did she cheat on you or something? B: No, no. It was nothing like tha t. We just have different plans for the future, that’s all.A: Well, how are you hanging in there, buddy?B: Uh, I have my good days and my bad days. I mean, Gwen wasn’t just my girlfriend.She was my best friend.A: Well, maybe it was for the best. Kee p your chin up, Joe. You’ll meet someone else.4. A: Sung-Hee, you seem quiet. What’s wrong?B: I don’t know. I guess I’m feeling a little depressed these days.A: Are you homesick again?B: Yeah. I mean I love it here and everything, but I miss my family, especially my mom. Sometimes I feel like I’m never going to see her again.A: But you’re going back home eventually, right?B: Yeah, but not for a while.A: That must be hard.B: It is. You know, one thing I really miss is my mom’s cooking. For New Year’s she always prepares all these wonderful dishes.A: You know, I have a very friendly Korean neighbor who loves to cook. Why don’t I give you her phone number?Real World ListeningWhitney:Welcome to “Life’s Concerns.” I’m your host, Whitney Op al. Today our program is about dealing with loss. One of the hardest things in life is losing aspouse after so many years together. Mr. Clayton Hayes is here today to sharehis story. Thank you for joining us, Mr. Hayes.Clayton: Call me Clayton, please.Whitney:OK, Clayton. I’d like to ask you a few questions about how you’re managing.Is that OK?Clayton:Yes, that’s fine. I can talk about it.Whitney: All right. Well, your wife passed away two years ago. Is that correct? Clayton: Yep. Maggie was 79, just about to turn 80 when she passed away. I never reallyexpected her to go. She was still too young.Whitney:I’m sorry. Do you mind telling us how she died?Clayton: Cancer. She had it for about a year, but it seemed longer than that to me. And she was in so much pain at the end. Oh.Whitney: I’m really sorry. That must have been very difficult for you.Clayton: Yeah. At the end, there, you could tell she just wanted it to be over. She tried to keep up a cheerful face for me, but you can’t hide things from someone you’vebeen married to for 56 years, you know.Whitney: I’m sure that’s true. You get to know someone pretty well in 56 years, don’t you?Clayton: Oh, you bet you do. You share so many years of your life with someone, and when they’re gone, oh, there’s a big hole that no one can fill up. You just feellonely. Very, very lonely.Whitney: I imagine you have some wonderful memories, as well.Clayton: Oh, yeah. We had a lot of good times, Maggie and me. Oh, boy, the stories I could tell!Whitney: Well, Clayton, you sure do have a lot of memories from your time with Maggie to celebrate!Clayton: Yeah, I sure do.Whitney:I think it’s important to remember that when we lose someone close to us, we don’t lose those memories. The person is s till with us in that way.Unit 1 IdentityWarm UpAs a black child growing up in an almost all-white setting, I set out on a search for a cultural and racial identity. When my parents would come to visit, I was self-conscious about being seen with my black friends. I also worried about being seen too often with my white friends. I was very aware of feeling caught between two cultures. More and more, I was identifying with black culture as an African American. Some of my friends were clear about their own identities as African Americans, but some others struck me as even more confused than I was about where they belonged. I came to believe that I could live however I wanted to live and still be accepted as a member of the black community. I enjoyed that feeling of belonging（归宿感）.Listening test 1The neighborhood children my age played together: either active, physical games outdoors or games of dolls-and-house (s activities played with dolls and doll house玩具娃娃+玩具娃娃房子/ 过家家?) indoors. I, on the other hand, spent much of my childhood alone. I’d curl up in a chair reading fairytales and myths, daydreaming, writing poems or stories and drawing pictures. Sometime around the fourth grade, my “big” (often critical, judgmental (审判的)) Grandma, who’d been visiting us said to me, “What’s wrong with you! Why don’t the other children want to play with you?” I remember being startled andconfused by her question. I’d never been particularly interested in playing with the other children. It hadn’t, till then, occurred to me that that was either odd (古怪的) or something wrong with me. Nor had it occurred to me that they didn’t “want to play with” me. My first conscious memory of feeling different was in the fourth grade. At the wardrobe, listening to classmates joking, chattering and laughing with each other, I realized I hadn’t a clue about what was so funny or of how to participate in their easy chatter. They seemed to live in a universe about which I knew nothing at all. I tried to act like others but it was so difficult. I felt confused and disoriented. I turned back to my inner world: reading books, writing and daydreaming. My inwardness grew me in ways that continued to move me further away from the world of my age peers (同辈，同等的人). The easy flow of casual social chat has remained forever beyond my reach and beyond my interest, too.Listening Task 2The greatest difficulty for me is that as a person of mixed origin I am at home neither here nor there. Wherever I am, I a m regarded as being foreign, either “white” or “black”. It happens to me when I live in my mother’s country of origin, in Switzerland, and it happened to me when I was living in my father’s country, Ivory Coast. I would feel at home where I could feel that people accept me just the way I am! When you are a small child you first do not feel that you are different from the others. But soon the others will make you feel different — and children too can be very cruel in their behavior against the “strange child”. Sometimes incredible incidents happen. Some time ago I was riding my bike somewhere in a little place in Switzerland nearby to where I live. A car drove by, and the male driver opened the window and yelled at me: “Scheiss — Neger —dirty nigger!”I almost froze. I felt helpless and unable to defend myself. When I looked at the number plate, I saw that it was a German number plate. This means that the insulting person himself was a foreigner in this country! How could he dare insult me like this? I felt that I wanted to kill this man. When I recovered I was able to think about it more clearly. These racist people are just stupid and do not know anything about life.Real World ListeningMelanie: Your story of identity theft is quite scary. What happened?Nick: One day early in the morning, I was awakened by a loud knock. When I opened the door, five policemen were standing there telling me to go to jail. I asked why and they said that I was wanted (being looked for by the police) for bank fraud. I said “I n ever did that!” and they said “that’s something we’ve never heard before… tell it to the judge.”Melanie: Did you really have to spend time in jail?Nick: Yes, I certainly did.Melanie: How could you prove it wasn’t you who committed the crime?Nick:Frankly, I never did. I simply paid the amount owed and all the charges (指控) were dismissed (撤销). It was really a debt to a casino (娱乐场(供表演跳舞、赌博的地方) although it is a felony (重罪), all they wanted was their money.Melanie: Whew (interj.（感叹词）! For me, perhaps the most alarming aspect ofyour story is that you had to spend several days in jail — in spite of the fact that they knew that the person who committed the fraud was of a different race than you.That is truly scary.Nick: Yes. People suffer because others steal their identities to work illegally. Someone used another’s iden tity for years and ruined their credit. When their kids want to get their first cars or student loans it takes them years to settle the damage. Melanie: Did they catch the person who used your identity to commit the crimes?Nick: Yes. He was put in jail for identity fraud.Unit 2 PersonalityWarm up1. Forgiveness is the act of erasing an emotional debt. At some time in your life, you may have been severely wronged or hurt by another person to such a degree that forgiveness seems impossible. However, harboring resentment only keeps you trapped in victimhood. Under such a circumstance, you should force yourself to see the bigger picture and shift the focus away from the anger and resentment.2. Integrity is an inner standard for judging your behavior. Integrity means you do what you do because it's right and not just fashionable or politically correct. It is the real bottom line in every area of society.3. Often we allow ourselves to be upset by small things we should let go and forget. Perhaps some man we helped has proved ungrateful, some woman we believed to be a friend has spoken iii of us, and some reward we thought we deserved has been denied us. We feel such disappointment so strongly that we can no longer work or sleep. Our inability to forgive and let go can make us sick.4. One of the most basic moral values for Americans is honesty. Sometimes Americanhonesty -- being open and direct -- can offend people. But Americans still believe that "honesty is the best policy."5. Patience is the display of tolerance while awaiting an outcome. You tend to expect immediate results and are often disappointed when you fail in your first few attempts. In fact, growth can be a slow, painstaking process and patience will provide you with the perseverance（坚定不移）you need to become mature.6. Flexibility is defined as being adaptable to change. In the course of your lifetime, it is essential that you learn to bend and flex around every new circumstance, as stubbornness deprives you of the opportunity to see new possibilities.7. Compassion同情,怜悯may be the queen of American virtues. To live in a state of compassion means you approach the world with your emotional barriers lowered. Compassion is the emotional glue connecting you to your essence and to the essence of those around you.Listen task 1Everybody cheats. Whether it's the taxi driver who tricks a visitor and takes him the long way round, or the shop assistant who doesn't give the correct change, or thepolice officer who accepts a bribe - everybody's at it. Cheats in the news include the scientist whose research was based on fake data, the game show contestant who collaborated合作with a friend in the audience to win a million pounds, and the doctor who forged his qualifications and wasn't really a doctor at all. Everybody cheats; nobody's playing the game（遵守比赛规则, 行动光明正大）.Is cheating acceptable, a natural way of surviving and being successful? Or is it something that should be frowned on, and young people discouraged from doing? If it's the latter, how can we explain to children why so many bend the rules?Take sport for example. The pinnacle尖顶of football, the World Cup, was rife with （充满）cheating. Whether pretending to be hurt or denying a handball, footballers will do anything for a free-kick（〈足球〉任意球）or a penalty shot（,[篮]罚球）. French player Henry denied cheating to win the free-kick which led to his side's second goal in their 3-1 victory over Spain. Whatever the nationality there's one common strategy: the player rolls over holding his leg, ankle or head seeming to be in great pain. As a result a yellow card or free-kick is given for the foul（犯规）and then, a few seconds later, the player is up and about as if nothing had happened!Of course it's not just the footballers. In 1998 the Tour of France, the world's greatest cycling event, was hit by a drug-taking scandal. Forty bottles of drugs found with a team triggered a massive investigation that almost caused the cycling tour to be abandoned. One rider was banned for nine months.Listening Task 2A climate of mistrust surrounds everyone. In the field of business, Enron, America's seventhlargest company, could serve as an unfortunate example. Its collapse in 2001 caused thousands of people to lose their jobs and life savings. The company had fooled investors into believing it was healthier than it really was. One boss now faces the rest of his life in prison.Meanwhile companies around the world are losing billions of dollars to the counterfeit trade. From cut-price（打折扣的, 廉价的）CDs and DVDs to sportswear and cosmetics, cheap fake products are everywhere. It has become socially acceptable to buy fake Gucci bags and illegal copies of films. If parents are doing this, their children will follow.So perhaps it's not surprising that around the world more pupils than ever are caught cheating during exams. In one case keys to exam papers were put up for sale on the Internet. In another, widespread cheating took place by pupils using their mobile phones to receive texted answers（用短信发的答案）. In a third case, pupils admitted to candidate substitution承认代考. They blame the pressure put on them to do well in exams. It doesn't help that their role models（榜样）are also cheats. Surely we can't complain when we're setting such a bad example.Realworld listeningMr. Washington: George, are you sure you had nothing to do with chopping down the cherry tree?George: I don't clearly recall chopping this tree down.Mr. Washington: Isn't this your axe?George: That appears to be very similar to my axe.Mr. Washington: But your axe is right here, and the tree is freshly cut, and you are the only person around.Mrs. Washington: Oh, just drop it, and it's only a tree.Mr. Washington: But it's not just the tree. We really need to find out if he's being honest with us. I won't put up with（忍受, 容忍）lying, and he shouldn't getyou to cover up for him.George:I'm going to say this one more time: didn't chop down that tree -- the cherry tree -- and I did not ask anyone to lie. Not one time. Never!Mr.Washington: George, there's no fresh-cut firewood around, but your hair and clothing are full of wood chips, and the chips look like cherry wood to me. Howdo you explain that?George:Clearly my behavior has been inappropriate. I deeply regret the damage which seems to have been done to the tree. But I really need to get back to my chores now.Mr. Washington:We're not finished yet. Now I'm going to ask you directly. Did you chop down the cherry tree?George:Well,it's possible that I might have swung the axe in an inappropriate manner which might have resulted in some harm to the tree, but at the moment you asked me, I was thinking of what "chop" means and my action didn't meet my definition of "chopping", so I didn't lie.Mrs. Washington: This is not really worth all the fuss（大惊小怪,）. Even if he did it, it's only a tree. Let's forget it and enjoy this lovely afternoon.George:Thank you, Mom. We have a stately oak tree on the front lawn. Can I try my axe again there?Unit 3 Life StyleWarm up1)So I started carpooling（n. 共乘制v. 合伙用车）last week. It was great not havingto drive and we zipped home in half the time. This morning as I drove in to work, the heavy traffic just made me dizzy and my carpooler went into road rage（路怒）again.2) Once we were old enough to do household chores, we set the table, washed, driedand put away dishes and did laundry. We were responsible for mowing the lawn and shoveling the snow. My parents gave us an allowance for these tasks.3) It's quite common to see a relapse in addiction treatment. This does not mean thatyou have failed in your efforts to cure yourself of an addiction. If you stay away from cigarettes for 3 months and then smoke again for two days in a row, you can view this as a "failure" if you want, or you can focus on the fact that of the last 92 days, you're successfully off cigarettes for 97% of them. That's pretty good.Listening Task 1When she has young, children, a stay-at-home mom has two jobs. Her house and her kids. A stay-at-home mom is expected to do all the house cleaning. She is expected to always be the one to get up in the middle of the night, do the school things -- room-mother, baker, coordinator, chauffeur and carpooler, etc. Often, a stay-at-home mom is expected to take over "daddy-type" chores such as lawn-mowing and taking cars for repair. Imagine sitting in a repair shop with two squirmy toddlers! The worse thing is that the stay-at-home mom is made to feel guilty for saying "no". The reason the Stay-at-home mom does not get her nails done or have a spa day is she feels guilty for spending family money on herself.Gosh, you all have such hectic lives. I'm dizzy just hearing your daily activities. I guess I have it nice. I have no schedule at all! I get up when I want. I work my business when I want. I shop when I want to. I wash my hair when I bathe or I don't wash my hair. When I go to work all I have to do is open up my office door in my house and I'm at work already. No traffic to dealwith and there can be 10 feet of snow on the ground and I wouldn't have to walk an inch of it because my house connects directly to my warehouse! If I get up and don't feel like working ! don't.Listening Task 2I took my first drink and smoked my first marijuana cigarette when I was 12 years old. In high school, I used all kinds of drugs. After high school until I was 21, I did a lot of binge drinking. When I was 31, I started using crack cocaine. That's when the real problems began.I was addicted to alcohol and cocaine, and my life was a wreck. I tried to quit a number of times. I moved to Mexico and gave up cocaine. I still drank and smoked marijuana, but for the time I lived there, I was off cocaine. I thought that that time off cocaine would completely cure me of any desire for it, but when I got back in town two years later, I started using it again only five days later. Every part of my life was messed up（一团糟）. I remember my oldest son being embarrassed to be seen with me. He would pass me on the street with his friends but he wouldn't even speak to me. The bottom came for me when I was finally evicted from my apartment. I lost my car, my home and my sons. I looked in the mirror that day, and I couldn't look myself in the eyes. The next morning, I showed up at the treatment center. The first few days of detox(戒瘾诊所) and treatment were hard, but ! was convinced that I needed help, so I stayed. I've been clean now for five years, and I have a new life.Real World ListeningReporter:Are you treated differently in the workplace as a woman?Nancy: Between changing gender and becoming a blonde, I've lost 20 IQ points in the public's eyes. It's kind of a hoot, and something you can use to your advantage though, I'm not pretty enough to do it very well. It is a challenge. I kind of broke through the glass ceiling from the wrong direction.Reporter: Switching from slacks to pantyhose cannot be easy, even if you hate slacks.Nancy: To tell the truth, it took a lot of time for me to get comfortable with the whole fortable with your new self, your new presentation, learning how to deal with society. Women spend their whole lives knowing what makeup works well for them, what clothing works on them. For people like me, it takes a while to do. I'm tall, when I walk into a room, it's like someone from the NBA showed up. Trying to find clothing that fits me is just not that easy.Reporter: How do the people you work with, the ones who knew you as Nell, consider you now?Nancy: The response for me was really positive. We all joked about wearing pantyhose, whether "my condition" was contagious, those sorts of things. But when all was said and done and the dust settled, everyone got back to work. Now if you were to talk with anyone who works with me, they'd say, "What's the issue? She's just Nancy." The whole transgender thing is well behind us.Unit 4 FamilyWarm Up1.The majority of single mothers suffers from more financial hardship and socialdeprivation than couples do. Single mothers are almost 70 per cent more likely to die prematurely than those who are living with a partner.2. Women in the 21st century are highly educated, have tremendous earning potential andwere brought up to believe that sexual equality was their right. The new conservative housewife has given up her high-status job to stay at home with the children.3. A stark class divide is opening between career women and mothers who give up workto become housewives. Modem education and equal access to the workplace provide career moms increasing "social capital" or status. On the contrary, stay-at-home mothers rapidly lose their social status. Middle-class women are becoming more and more "polarized".4. Some people claim the constant emphasis on equal economic achievement for men and women is feeding the divorce rate and destroying family life. In addition, many mothers choose to stay at home to ensure that they, rather than an outsider, play the main role in bringing up their children.5. While reforms in equal-opportunity legislation over the past 30 years have improvedwomen's life chances, all the gains can be lost at the point when they have children if they are unable to afford nurseries or nannies.6. Divorce doesn't necessarily make adults happy. But toughing it out（尽管有困难而熬过；忍受：）in an unhappy marriage until it turns around just right. A new study says, divorce didn't reduce symptoms of depression or raise self-esteem. Staying married did not tend to trap unhappy spouses in violent relationships.7. Crucial to any family's success is an investment of time, energy, spirit and heart, an investment otherwise known as commitment. The family comes first. Family members are dedicated to promoting each other's welfare and happiness -- and they expect the family to endure.。
