国际商务函电考试大纲

课程名称：外贸英语函电课程代码：EE3003计划学时： 52 学分： 3课程性质：必修、考试面向专业：国际贸易专业、国际物流专业课程负责人：陈科生课程授课老师：陈科生、贺锋，闫彩霞一.考核大纲说明《外贸英语函电》主要考核学生以下方面：了解撰写外贸英语函电的基本要求，懂得外贸英语函电的构成、构式和文体特点，掌握外经贸业务中的常用术语及习惯表达法，正确理解并能熟练草拟、翻译（双向）主要业务环节中的往来英语函电。

本课程是本学院国际经贸系的核心课程，面对的学生是本科和大专生，课程的考核合格标准应达到高等学校本、专科的要求。

考核应具有较高的信度、效度、一定的区分度和难度。

二.考核的方式、要求、标准本课程以总评成绩为最终考核成绩，总评成绩为百分制，满分为100分。

总评成绩由2部分组成，其中平时成绩占30%，期末考试成绩占70%。

平时成绩和期末考试成绩的考核方式、要求、标准分别如下：1）平时成绩平时成绩由三部分组成：考勤按全院统一要求，占总评成绩的10%，即10分；课堂表现占总评成绩的5%，即5分；另外课外作业占总评成绩的15%，即15分。

考勤按学院的统一规定考核和记录。

迟到和早退15分钟内为迟到，15分钟以上为旷课，迟到3次等同于旷课1次。

登分标准是全勤15分，每缺勤一次扣15/36分，正式请假并批准的在考勤中不扣分；课堂表现共5%。

课堂上积极参与课堂讨论，善于思考，勤于完成课堂作业，能团结协作。

作业本学期共三次课堂作业，都是翻译和写作题题。

第一次作业5分，第3周布置，第4周的星期三要交。

第二次作业5分，第6周布置，第7周的星期三要交。

第三次作业5分，第10周布置，第11周的星期三要上交。

2）期末考试期末考试为闭卷笔试，具体要求和标准如下：1、考试内容以本课程的教学大纲和指定的教材为依据制定。

教材中有而教学内容和要求中未提到的内容均不在考试范围内。

考试内容以本考试大纲为准。

2、期末考试实行统一命题，统一考试时间和统一评分标准。

营销师考证（三级）考前复习——函电部分题1 询价函我方收到贵方2000年2月2日函及随函所附有关五种机械的图纸。

请函报有关机械的价格、折扣、付款方式及最早的交货时间。

如果报价合理并能证明质量优良，我方将邀请贵方的代表过来详谈。

考生注意：写函的时候需要左对齐。

此文是一篇发盘函。

Dear Sirs,(注意此处用逗号)We are very pleased to receive your letter of Feb.2,2000 and the enclosed drawings of five types of machines. （5种机械的图纸）We would greatly appreciate it if you could supply us with the necessary information about the details of the machines’ prices, discounts, term of payment and the earliest delivery time.(合同条款)Meanwhile, if the quotation is favorable and the quality proves high, we’d invite your representative to come over to discuss the matter with us.We are looking forward to your reply.Yours faithfully,(此处的逗号勿忘)题2 询价函本公司有意大量购买各型号钢螺钉（steel screws）,欲知每公斤运抵英国利物浦的成本加运费价格（CFR）。

如蒙惠赐上述报价单，不胜感激。

如能惠寄样本和价格表，亦必感激不尽。

本公司素来从其他公司购买此类货物，闻悉贵公司货物质优价廉，故欲与贵公司建立合作关系。

2024年4月34国际商务大纲主要包括以下几个方面：一、考试目的本部分旨在测试考生对国际商务的基本概念、原理、规则和操作程序等方面的知识和能力，包括国际商务环境分析、国际商务组织、国际贸易、国际金融、国际投资、国际技术转让等方面的内容。

二、考试要求1. 掌握国际商务的基本概念、原理和规则；2. 熟悉国际商务环境，包括政治、经济、文化等方面的情况；3. 具备国际商务组织、贸易、投资、技术转让等方面的实际操作能力；4. 能够运用相关理论和方法分析解决国际商务实际问题。

三、考试内容1. 国际商务环境分析：包括政治、经济、文化等方面的基本情况，以及国际商务环境的变化对国际商务活动的影响；2. 国际商务组织：包括国际商务组织的类型、特点、组织结构、运作方式等方面的内容；3. 国际贸易：包括国际贸易的基本概念、贸易政策、贸易规则、贸易方式等方面的内容；4. 国际金融：包括国际金融市场、国际金融组织、国际货币体系等方面的内容；5. 国际投资：包括国际投资的概念、投资环境、投资方式、投资风险等方面的内容；6. 国际技术转让：包括技术转让的概念、方式、风险、知识产权等方面的内容。

四、考试形式考试形式为闭卷机考，考试时间为180分钟。

试卷题型为选择题、判断题和案例分析题等。

五、备考建议1. 全面掌握国际商务的基本概念和原理，熟悉相关的规则和操作程序；2. 关注国际商务环境的变化，了解相关政策和规则的变化对国际商务活动的影响；3. 注重实际操作能力的培养，多进行案例分析和模拟操作；4. 加强对国际贸易、国际金融、国际投资等领域的深入学习和理解；5. 注重平时的积累和总结，提高解题速度和准确性。

国际商务英语函电国际商务英语函电--International Business Correspondence Chapter 1A Genneral Enquiry and Its Reply Dear Sirs,Your firm has been recommended to us by the Haier Electrics Company,with whom we have done business for many years.We are intrested in your slectric typewriters for use in offices and shall be glad if you will send us acopy of your illustrated catalogue and cuurent price list.We are awaiting your prompt reply.Yours sincerely Susan Bloc Manager(A Reply)Dear Ms.Bloc,We welcome you for your enquiry of Feb.1 and thank you for your interest in our commodities.We are enclosing some copies of our illustrated catalogues and aprice list giving the details you asked for.We trust that you will agree that our products and price appeal to the most selective buyer.And we also allow aproper discount according to the quantity ordered.Thank you again for your interest in our products.We are loking forward to your order and you may be assured that it will receive our prompt and careful attention.Yours trul y,Li Ming Export Manager Useful Expressions 1.As we are in the market for.,we should be pleased if you would send us your best quotations.我方意欲购买.，如能报最优价，不胜感激。

EstablishingBusiness Relations句型1信息来源: 我们从………处得知………通过………..我们了解到………1、We learn your company from the Internet that you are one of the leading manufacturers in this line.我们从网上了解到贵公司是这一行业的主要生产商之一。

2、We owe your name and address from the Journal of Commerce.我们从《商业日报》得知贵公司的名称和地址。

3、Having had /obtained the name and address of your company from ABC trading Company ,we know that you deal in textiles.通过ABC贸易公司的介绍，我们得知贵公司的名称和地址，并获悉你方经营纺织品。

•承蒙贵国商会的介绍，我们得知贵公司想要购买丝绸制品。

•We owe your name and address to the Chamber of Commerce in your country who has informed us that you are in the market for silk product.•承蒙贵国商会的介绍，我们得知贵公司想要购买丝绸制品。

•We owe your name and address to the Chamber of Commerce in your country, through whom we learned that you are in the market for silk product.我们从中国企业名录获得的你方地址。

•We have obtained your address in the China Business Directory.•我们从这里的中国商会得知，贵方生产丝制产品。

《商务英语函电》课程考试大纲一、课程性质根据高等职业技术教育的特点，《商务英语函电》结合我国外贸业务的实际及加入WTO后所应遵循的世界贸易组织的游戏规则，以大量实例介绍了国际商务英语书信的格式与结构、专业英语术语、常用业务词汇以及有关业务的英语表达方式和句型结构，将外贸英语函电的特点贯穿始终；同时介绍合同及各种单证，通过大量的技能训练把基础英语技能与外贸英语知识有机地结合起来，使学生不但具备撰写国际商务英语书信的能力，而且还具备填制合同、审核信用证、修改信用证的能力，以满足企业第一线对日常能处理商务信息的高素质应用性专门人才的要求。

通过学习要求学生在熟练掌握国际贸易实务相关知识和具有一定的英语水平的基础上，培养学生对所学外贸英语函电知识的实际运用能力。

函电教学以课堂教学和学生实践活动相结合，教师应以教学对象为中心，充分发挥教师的主导作用和学生的主体性，帮助学生理解外贸业务理论与程序，同时增加英语语言基础知识。

学生应认真学习文字材料，按课程要求完成教材中的各项练习和实训技能训练，学会借助工具书解决学习中所遇到的问题。

要求学生记住教材中的全部词汇，并掌握词汇在课文中含义和用法。

在函电教学中，不系统讲语法，但对函电中学生不懂的语法现象应予以解释和分析，以学生理解并掌握函电为度；旨在使学生具有准确翻译和撰写函电的能力。

二、考核对象国际商务（自考）、商务英语、国际商务专业的学生三、考核目的与要求考核目的根据教学大纲的要求，考核学生掌握国际商务英语书信的格式与结构、专业英语术语、常用业务词汇以及有关业务的英语表达方式和句型结构的能力，通过大量的技能训练把基础英语技能与外贸英语知识有机地结合起来，使学生不但具备撰写国际商务英语书信的能力，而且还具备填制合同、审核信用证、修改信用证的能力，通过考核使学生今后就业能满足企业第一线对日常能处理商务信息的高素质应用性专门人才的要求。

考试要求英语函电考试方式为闭卷考试，一般以90－100分钟为限。

函电期末复习资料PARTIWe take pleasure in informing you that the captioned L/C / Letter of credit No.3524 issued by the Bank of New Wales has duly arrived/has just been received.We have received with thanks/pleasure your L/C No.451 for US$...Your L/C No.87 has been duly received with thanks.Thank you for your L/C No.2168 for the amount of $56,000 covering 1000 metric tons of Groundnut Kernels F.A.Q 2005 crop.Thanks for your credit N0.12 covering 3,000 dozen pyjamas.PARTIIOn checking, we find some discrepancies. Please make the following amendments:Upon perusal, we found some points that don’t conform to the terms in the S/C, and would therefore request you to make the following amendments:On examining the L/C carefully,/On going though the clauses, we regretfully find that serveral/certain points are not in conformity with the stipulations in our Contract No…. Please/ Kindly make amendments as follows:PART III…… should be….., instead of …….………is to be….., instead of …….……Should be …. rather than………………should be … not ………..should read “………” (quotation)是……. should be amended to “…………”…….. should be added to “…… ….”The amount both in figures and in words should respectively be/read: “$5000 and Say US Dollars five thousand Only”.Delete …… and replace them by ……Delete …... from …… and put in …Increase …… from …… to ……Reduce … to …Add the wording “………” to ……Add the clause “………………. ”Amend the clause “………” to read “ ……… ”Amend …… to allow/as allowing ……Am end …… to read “……”Amend “CIF” to read “CFR”.Add the clause “The Sellers are allowed to load 5% more or less based on the original unit price and to negotiate in excess of the credit amount.”商议垫付Amend “ 90% of the invoice value” to read “full invoice value”.Amend the clause “Partial shipments and transshipment are prohibited” to read “Partial shipments are allowed. Transshipment is prohibited.”Please amend the credit to allow shipment / as allowing transshipment.PARTIVWe look forward to/are awaiting your early amendments.We look forward to receiving the relevant amendment at an early date and thank you in advance for your cooperation.We hope the L/C amendments will reach us as early as possible.As the stipulated time of shipment is drawing near, please make the requested amendments to the L/C as soon as possible so that we can effect shipment in time.We hope you’ll send us your amendment advice without any delay so as to enable us to effect shipment in time.Patterns conerned with packing:Packing instructions (requirements)Sales packing Packing list Export packingDesignated packing Inner/outer packingLarge/small packingFaulty/ improper /insecure /packingAdequate/suitable /appropriateThis is to inform you th at …This is to advise that …This is to acknowledge….This is to announce that …This is to certify that… 兹This is to introduce ourselves to…用……包装”be wrapped/packed in ………用……装, 每件装多少”in …… of …… eachin …… , each containing …. .i n ……, each consisting of……Our cotton prints are packed in cases lined with 6-ply kraft paper and water proof/damp-resistant plastic sheets, each consisting of 30 pcs(50 yards per piece) in one design with 5 color ways equally assorted.Each pair of Nylon socks is packed in a decorative polybag , 12 pairs to a box, 50 boxes to a carton, 500 cartons in a 20’ FCL container.…to …and…to…The green tea under the captioned contract should be packed in international standard tea boxes of 5 grams each , 24 boxes to a carton, 50 cartons on a pallet, 20 pallets in an 40’FCL container.The quality of your Ginseng wine is fine, but its packing is rather poor.Bottles are subjected/susceptible to breakage and paper boxes are very thin.Please put each bottle in a foam plastic casing and then in a thicker paper box for future orders, otherwise , we shall be compelled to give up this business.Each TV-set is to be wrapped/packed in a plastic-film bag fixed with hard fermented plastic padding, and then put in a carton. Outside, it is to be strengthened by nylon straps.reinforced/strengthened/secured 箍Barcode hangtag desiccantSilicon gelPatterns conerned with INSURANCEinsurance agent/brokerinsurance amountinsurance certificate/policyinsurance endorsement 批单insurance premiuminsurance claiminsurance companyinsurance coverageinsurance ridermarine insurance CICto effect insuranceto arrange insuranceto cover insuranceto provide insuranceto take out insurance/cover按照110%的发票金额For 110% of the invoice cost.For/at 110% of the invoice value/costFor/at 10% over/above the invoice value.For/at invoice value plus 10%.① cover WPA/FPA/All Risks and War Risk with an insurance company.Insure WPA/FPA/against All Risks and against War Risk with an company.LossWith Particular Average WPAFree from Particular Average FPA单独海损部分损失（PA GA ）② cover/effect insurance FPA/WPA/against All Risks on the goods.③cover/ insure the goods FPA/WPA/ against All Risks“To be covered by …… for 110% of the invoicevalue against……as per and subject to……”To be covered by the Sellers for 110% of the invoice value WPA and against Breakage as per and subject to relevant Ocean Marine Cargo Clauseof the China Insurance Clause of January 1st, 1981. {If other /broader/widercoverage or an additional insurance amount is required, the Buyers must havethe consent of the sellers before shipment, and the additional/extra premiumis to be borne by the Buyers.Patterns conerned with INSURANCE① 某年某月装运 During / In + 月份 + 年份（先写月，后写年）如：During January 2005 In October 2003During July/August 2003 in two lotsBefore 15 May 2005 Before April 25,2006By the end of November 2005Per/by steamer/vessel during April 2007② 转船/分装with transshipment at/via ……to be transshipped at ……In May 2003 with transshipment at CopenhagenDuring March/ April in two equal monthly shipments, to betransshipped at Hong Kong.During October/November/December 2002, with partial shipments and transshipment allowed.During December 2004, allowing partial shipments and transshipmentTo be effected on or before May 31, allowing partial shipments and transshipmentTo be effected/made not later than 31st January, 2004, allowing partial shipments and transshipmentTransshipment not allowed/ not permitted/ prohibited③ 分批装运说明分几批、是否等量、相隔时间、何时开始In …… equal weekly/monthly/quarterly installments, beginning from…….Shipments/lots/consignments/cargoesstart/commence/begin fre.g. In three equal monthly installments beginning from Junein four equal monthly installments beginning from September with transshipments at Hong kong.During January/February 2005 in two about equal lots.分两批大约平均装运During March/June in four equal monthly lotsIn three shipments of 20 tons each, commencing from OctoberIn three shipments of 100 tons each during June, July and August During January 2003, in one or two lots preferably by direct steamerTo be effected not later than Feb. 28th 2005 in 3 equal lots of 100 tons each starting from Sept. 2004 , each every two months with transshipment prohibited.lodge a claim against/with sb on … for sth…file a claim against sb for sth.Raise/ Put in/register/make a claim against sb for sth.to claim ( a compensation of ) …from sb for sth.claim on sb for sthe.g. We reserve the right to claim compensation from you for any damage.We claimed on the shipping company for the recovery of the loss.make/lodge/lay/file a complaint against sb ..Make/lodge/lay/file a complaint against sb.with a department about sth .Lodge a claim against/with sb on… for …MakeRegisterFileRaisePut incomplain to sb of sth.They complained to us of poor packing .The buyers complained to the seller of the excessive moisture contained in the minerals.单价 Unit Price表达方式： At …… per … CIF….完整的单价包括：①货币的缩写字母、货币的符号②金额③数量单位④贸易术语如： At HK$ 3.5 per yard CIFC2% SingaporeAt US$58 per unit CIF New YorkAt FF5 per dozen CFR NingboAt CA$30.0 per carton CIF Vancouver总值 Total ValueTotal Value: Say ………………… OnlyUS$23,263.68 (Say Total US Dollars Twenty-three Thousand Two Hundred And Sixty-three And Cents/Points Sixty-eight Only.)支付条款 Terms of PaymentTerms of Payment: By irrevocable L/C available by draft at sight By sight L/CBy 100% confirmed, irrevocable, without recourse, transferable and divisible L/C in favor of the Sellers, available/payable by draft at sight upon/against presentation of shipping documents, to reach the Sellers 30 days/a month before/preceding/prior to the date/month/time of shipment and to remain valid for negotiation in China till the 15th day after the final date of shipment.词组翻译：Revolving L/c non-negotiable sea waybillStand-by L/C in quadruplicate color assortmentoffer without engagement meet one’s commitmentsbook a repeat order documents of titleIssuing bank/opening/establishingAdvising/informing/notifying bankConfirming bank Draw a 60 days’draft on…Draw a 60 d/s bill on…Chambers of commerceChinese commercial counsellor’s 0fficeEnter into an agency agreementIn compliance with your requestArouse/evoke one’s interestConclude/strike a bargainFinancial standingSharp en one’s competitive edgeTake the liberty of …Be lined with 内衬…By separate airmailBy express airmailIn this connectionEnquiry agencyFor safety’s sakebe specialized instraight B/Lproforma invoicein strict confidencefinancial and credit standingunder separate covercover note 暂保单offer without engagementcontractual obligationbook a repeat orderin receipt ofreceive one’s attentioncover one’s requirementsout of stock particular /genereal averageavailable from stock out of stockin your favor meet with great favorcompare favorably with on the understanding thatcommand a ready market in strict/full/exact conformity withsee one’s way to draw on sb. for sth.in every respect draw a 60 days’ draft on … for …Blank Endorsement / bearer endorsementfull endorsement / order endorsementpartial shipments compromise proposalintegrity and ability 资信in consideration ofexpedite the relevant L/ceffect shipment illustrated/classified catalogueset forth a 60 d/s bill payment by installmentin question firm offer Outstanding order back orderrepeat order free sample Non-negotiable documents cash against delivery at your earliest conveniencerescind the contract refund the storage chargesin advance/in anticipation go through the necessary formalitiesthe deadline for booking shipping spaceby return airmail find a ready market forin question with the least possible delayfor one’s records/fileserve as a precedentpay by installmentsenjoy priority inat regular intervalscome into one’s possession adhere to customary practiceillustrated catalogue pro-rata shipmentsa 60 d/s bill Confirmed L/Cparticular average financial standingbearer endorsement Non-negotiabledocumentsrepeat ordershipping documentsset forth by speed courier service for one’s records/filetacit understanding 默契 pro-rata shipments a 60 d/s billfinancial and credit standing in exact accordance withenjoy favorable reception book one’s ordernet price clean B/L wooden casesmarket economy Combined bill of ladingto meet one’s requirements to enquire for Invoice value irrevocable L/C documents against payment issuing bank opening bank shipping advice insurance policy fulfill contract履行合同 insurance premium保险费 validity形式发票截止时期舱位倒签提单贷记通知索款通知冒昧特快邮寄精湛的工艺适合海运的包装商务参赞处带插图的目录形式发票卸货港平安险装运单据即期汇票惯例成本运费价申请出口许可证中性包装共同海损资信状况特快邮寄循环信用证领事发票进口许可证支付条款截止时期海关发票保兑行形式发票销售确认书答应某人的要求支付款项提货在规定的时间内与---完全一致适中价格一式两份尽可能提前按照当时的兑换率仓至仓条款为自己的利益；自负盈亏按照相同的意思一式五份 in quintuplicate 没有库存out of stock唛头shipping mark 定金down payment启航 set sail信汇 mail transfer 实盘irrevocable offer /firm offer还盘 counter offer 即装 for prompt shipment试订Trail order 代理行，往来行correspondent保兑行 confirming bank 装箱单packing list签订合同sign a contract 以…为条件 subject to目的港 port of destination 稳定需求steady demand商业发票commercial invoice运费已付freight prepaid与。

第一篇：国际商务函电复习题1.We learn from your Chamber of Commerce that you are in the market for ChineseTeapots.我们从贵国商会获悉你方想要购买中国茶具。

2.We hope you'll take this opportunity to expand your export.我们希望你方能够利用这一良机扩大出口3.We are airmailing you under separate cover our latest pricelist and catalogue. 现另航寄送我公司最新的价目表和目录4.从贵国驻我国大使馆商务参赞处获悉，你们是一家信誉良好的纺织品进口商。

5.我们专营工艺品出口业务，愿与贵公司建立业务关系。

6.在我国对优质食糖有大量的需求7.Dear sir or MadamWe have refer to your bank by Messrs.Smith Co place done about/vegavding cvedit appciated give which/that with contidenceWe are glad to inform you that you “panda”brand color TV sets have found a good market here 欣告近来你“熊猫”牌彩色电视机在我方市场很畅销We sill appveciate it if you can us the latest prilelist and sample books for our vefevence 如能寄来最新价目单和样本供我方参考，不胜感激Only the goods fine in quality but can intevest our customer只有质优价廉的产品才能吸引我方客户The offer is firm, subject to your confirmation reaching us before March本报盘为实盘，以你方的确认于三月五日前到达我方条件Relative samples and quotations were sent to you by separate airmail yesterday. 有关样品及报价已于昨日另航你方In view of your being our old customers,we agree to supply the goods at your price. 鉴于你是我们的老客户，我们同意按你方的价格供货We are offeving-the cavpioned goods without engagement as follows –关于标题商品，我们现报无约束力的发盘如下：If you have no dispute after receiving the sample it soon so that we can arrange production收到样品后，如无异议，请尽快确认以便我们安排生产We are acknowledging/in offering shipment inform you sales cost reduce market send,give ,showA reasonable reduction in price will at trace more cusstorner to order价格上的合理减让将会吸引更多的客户订购As your price is too high. We have to cancle the deal由于你方价格过高，我们不得不取消这笔交易It is hope that you can see your望设法按老价格接受我方订单，因为现价将使我们无利可图We veqvet that we can’t accept your counter-offer as our quotation for buttons is in line with the current market抱歉不能接受你们的还盘，因我方纽扣的报价与当前的市场行情相符As the price of raw matevids has been rising we regert that we can’t meet your requirement of a further price reduction由于原料价格不断上涨，歉难满足你方再次降价的要求There is every indication that the market will decline soon please further consider out counter-offer种种迹象表明近期行情将会下跌，望重新考虑我方还盘。

国际商务英语函电课程教学大纲必备学习美式论文、报告写作技巧编者按：美式教育的特点即是课程内容强调学生参与及创新运用，因此，报告便成了常见的考核学生学习成果的方式，比如实验报告、学期报告、专题报告、研究报告及论文（含毕业论文）等。

研究生presentation 及seminar 的机会更是占很大的比重，有些甚至占学期成绩很大比例。

如何完成报告、论文同时得到良好的成绩，是本文提供给有志留学的有心人参考的目的。

美国大学生由於自小已养成自动寻找答案习惯，在启发式的教育环境下，写报告、论文对他们来说比较不陌生，虽然专业知识上美国学生不见得比外籍学生强，但是表达能力由於自小培养，加上英语能力的优势，常比外籍学生在报告、论文方面有较隹的利基。

反之中国学生比较缺乏报告写作的训练，因此如果在留学过程中无法适应美式教育会比较辛苦，其实论文、报告的写作要领其实不难，只要把握技巧就可水到渠成。

通常论文由篇首(Preliminaries)，本文(Texts)以及参考资料(References)三部分构成；而这三大部分各自内容如下：(一) 篇首：封面(Title)序言(Preface)谢词(Acknowledge)提要(Summary)目录(Tables and Appendixes)(二) 本文：引言(Introduction)主体，含篇(Part)、章(Chapter)、节(Section) 、以及注释(Footnotes)(三)参考资料：参考书目(References or Bibliography)附录资料(Appendix)。

进行论文或报告写作之前，先要确定想要表达的主题，主题确定后，将其具体表达，即为题目。

题目可以提供研究者：一.研究的方向二.研究的范围三.资料搜集的范围四.预期研究成果通常在确定题目之後就开始找资料从事研究，建议在找资料之前最好去问教授有哪些参考资料来源可供参考引用。

构思为确定写作大纲或Proposal 的先前步骤，大纲是论文、报告的骨干，Proposal 是研究的架构、流程及范围的说明书。