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定语从句讲解(完整版)定语从句是一种常见的语法结构，用于对名词或代词进行修饰和限定。
在英语中，定语从句的使用可以使句子更加丰富和准确。
下面，我将为您详细讲解定语从句的构成、用法和注意事项。
一、定语从句的构成定语从句由引导词、关系词和从句组成。
引导词通常是先行词，即被修饰的名词或代词；关系词用于引导定语从句，并将先行词与从句连接起来；从句则是对先行词进行修饰和限定的部分。
1. 引导词：先行词通常是名词或代词，它可以是主语、宾语或表语。
例如：The book that you gave me is very interesting.（你给我的那本书很有趣。
）The man who is talking to the teacher is my father.（正在和老师交谈的那个人是我的父亲。
）2. 关系词：关系词用于引导定语从句，并将先行词与从句连接起来。
关系词有who、which、that、whom、whose等。
例如： The book that you gave me is very interesting.（你给我的那本书很有趣。
）The man who is talking to the teacher is my father.（正在和老师交谈的那个人是我的父亲。
）3. 从句：从句是对先行词进行修饰和限定的部分。
从句中通常包含主语、谓语和宾语等成分。
例如：那本书很有趣。
）The man who is talking to the teacher is my father.（正在和老师交谈的那个人是我的父亲。
）二、定语从句的用法1. 限定性定语从句：限定性定语从句对先行词起到限定作用，即只有满足定语从句条件的名词或代词才是先行词的准确含义。
限定性定语从句通常紧跟在先行词之后，且不能用逗号与主句隔开。
例如： The book that you gave me is very interesting.（你给我的那本书很有趣。
定语从句的详细讲解一、定语从句的概念在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。
被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。
二、定语从句的关系词引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词，常见的关系代词包括that，which，who（宾格whom，所有格whose）等，关系副词包括where，when，why 等。
关系代词和关系副词放在先行词及定语从句之间起连接作用，同时又作定语从句的重要成分。
三、定语从句的分类根据定语从句与先行词的关系，定语从句可分为限制性定语从句及非限制性定语从句。
限制性定语从句紧跟先行词，主句与从句不用逗号分开，从句不可省去，非限制性定语从句主句与从句之间有逗号分开，起补充说明作用，如省去，意思仍完整。
四、关系代词的用法1. that 既可以用于指人，也可以用于指物。
在从句中作主语或宾语，作主语时不可省略，作宾语可省略。
例如：Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle.玛丽喜欢轻柔的音乐。
（that作主语）The coat （that）I put on the desk is blue.我放在桌子上的那件外套是蓝色的。
（that作宾语）2.which用于指物，在句中作主语或宾语，作主语不可省略，作宾语可省略。
例如：The building which stands near the train station is a supermarket.位于火车站附近的那座大楼是一家超市。
（作主语）The film （which）we saw last night was wonderful. 我们昨天晚上看的那部电影很好看。
（作宾语）3.who，whom用于指人，who 用作主语，whom用作宾语。
在口语中，有时可用who代替whom，也可省略。
例如：The girl who often helps me with my English is from England.经常在英语方面帮助我的那个女孩是英国人。
1一、定语从句概述定语可以由形容词、名词、代词、数词、分词、副词、不定式以及介词短语 等来担任，也可以由一个句子来担任。
在句子中起定语作用的从句称为定语 从句。
定语从句在句中的作用相当于形容词，故又称为形容词性从句。
被定 语从句修饰的名词叫先行词，引导定语从句的词叫关系词。
二 关系词的用法。
关系词可分为关系代词和关系副词。
关系词指代先行词，放在先行词与 定语从句之间起连接作用，同时又充当定语从句中的某一种成分（主语、宾 语、状语等）。
引导定语从句的关系代词有"at ，who ，whom ，whose ，which;关系副词有 when ，where ，why 等。
关系词在句子中的指代作用及成分如下表 1.关系代词的用法(1) who, whom 的用法二者都用于指人。
who 在定语从句中作主语、宾语;whom 在定语从句中 作宾语。
在现代英语里，有时who 也可代替whom 在从句中作宾语。
作 宾语的关系代词who ，whom 可以省略(介词后作宾语的关系代词除外）。
She was the one who did most of the talking 。
大部分时间都是她在说话。
（作主语） The boy who I know studies best in his class.我认识的那个男孩在班上学习最好。
（作宾语）I happened to meet the professor (who/whom) I got to know at a party. 我碰巧遇见了那位在一次聚会上认识的教授。
（作宾语，whom 可用who 代替) whom 在从句中作介词的宾语，且介词提到whom 前面时，不能用who 代替。
Yesterday I came across a few friends with whom I went to the park .昨天 我碰见了几个朋友，我和他们一起去了公园。
定语从句1．定语从句：修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。
定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。
2．先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。
3．关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。
关系词有关系代词和关系副词。
关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as等；关系副词有when, where, why等。
关系词通常有下列三个作用：A、引导定语从句；B、代替先行词；C、在定语从句中担当一个成分。
例如：The man is a policeman. 该句中，who is shaking hands with my father 是定语从句，修饰先行词the man，“who”是引导定语从句的关系词，代替先行词the man，在定语从句中作主语。
1．who 指人，在定语从句中作主语。
1)正在踢足球的男孩是一班的。
2)Those who want to go to the museum must be at the school gateat 7 tomorrow morning. 想去博物馆的人必须在明晨7点到大门口集合。
3)昨天我帮助了一位迷路的老人。
4)那就是教我们物理的老师。
2．whom 指人，在定语从句中做宾语，常可省略。
1)刘先生就是你们在公共汽车上谈论的那个人。
2)李明正是我想要见的男孩。
3)The professor (whom) you are waiting for has come. 你正在等的教授已经来了。
4)老师经常表扬的那个女孩是我们的班长。
注意：关系代词whom在口语或非正式文体中常可用who 来代替，也可省略。
3．Which 指物，在定语从句中做主语或宾语，做宾语时常可省略。
Football is a game which is liked by most boys. 足球是大多数男孩所喜欢的运动。
The factory which makes computers is far away from here. 制造计算机的那家公司离这儿很远。
定语从句第一讲: 认识定语从句一、定语：1. 漂亮的女孩2. 激动人心的消息3. 重要的事情4. 中国地图5. 穿绿衣服的男孩6. 全世界的发展中国家7. 这就是我在寻找的那个地方.8. The old woman has two sons, both of whom are teachers.二、Introduction to attributive clauses+1=2=3=4=Exercise 1 请使用定语从句合并句子。
1. The number of the people reached 2000.The people lost home. The people 为本句的_______→2. The woman is a teacher.The woman lives next door. The woman 为本句的_______→3. His father is very strict with him.His father works in a factory. His father 为本句的________→4. The woman is Tom’s mother.The woman had a talk with our teacher just now. The man 为本句的_________ →5. Where is my cheese?My cheese was in the fridge. My cheese 为本句的__________→6. I found a website.The website has many interesting novels. The website 为本句的________→7. A friend sent me an e-mail.I knew a friend in high school. a friend为本句的________→8. She married a man.She met the man at her high school reunion. the man为本句的_________ →9. The textbook is called Harry Potter’s Secret Words.We are using the textbook. The textbook为本句的_________→10. A widow is a woman.A woman’s husband has died.. A woman’s为本句的_________→11. The building is our school.We see the roof of t he building there. of the building为本句的_________→12. I met a man. The man’s sister knows you.→13. This is the town.I was born in the town. the town 是in的宾语，in the town为本句的________ →14. Can you tell me the reasonYou have run away from home because of the reason. because of the reason为本句的_______ →15. The exact time was a quarter to one at night.The fire broke out at a quarter to one at night. at a quarter to one at night. 为本句的________ →Exercise 2主句：____ 定语从句:（）先行词:1. This is the book that I have been looking for.2. The movie that we saw last night is very exciting.3. I still remember the day which we spent together last week.4 . The boy whose father is a policeman speaks English most fluently in our class.5. The girl who you met was John’s sister.6. There is no reason why we shouldn’t be friends.7. The days were gone when we had to travel on horses.8. Is this the hospital where you were born?Exercise 3: Read the following sentences. Tick the ones with attributive clauses.1.I’m sure that the weather will get fine in a few days.2.The first book that I’d like to read during the holidays is Travel in China.3.Michael Jordan is such a great player that millions of people love him.4.I know a shop which sells really good cookies.5.All my classmates enjoyed the cake I made.6.He is not the man that he once was.7.The man who is shaking hands with my father is a policeman.8.I was just wondering whose CD player it is.9.We are going to look after the little girl whose mother is very ill in hospital.10.Do you know who the teacher is talking to？▲第二讲：关系词的选择：Ⅰ.关系代词：Ⅱ.关系副词：解题策略：3破啥？→先行词→确定关系词Ⅲ. 只用that不用which的情况：①先行词是anything, something, nothing, everything等不定代词时②先行词是all, much，little, none或先行词被all, much, little, no, any修饰时③先行词被最高级、序数词以及the first, the last, the very, the only修饰时④先行词有两个，一个指人，一个指物，关系代词用that⑤当先行词前面有which，who等疑问代词时，为避免重复，用关系代词that . 同理，当先行词是that, those时，常用关系代词which或who。
⑥当关系代词在定语从句中作表语时。
Ⅳ. 不能that的情况：①关系代词直接放在介词后面时，不能用that。
指物时用which，指人时用whom②引导非限制性定语从句时，要用which, who, whom, 不用that，也不能省略Ⅴ. 只能用who的情况：当先行词为one, ones, anyone, everyone, he, those ,none, all(指人)时，关系代词常用who Challenge yourself：This is the school ______ I once studied.This is the school ______ is the most famous in the city.I am studying at a school ______ my father teaches English.1. The place ______ interested me most was the Children’s Palace.A. whichB. whereC. whatD. in which2. The place ______ he had a good time last Sunday was the Children’s Palace.A. whichB. WhereC. whatD. in where3. Do you know the year ______the Chinese Communist Party was founded?A. whichB. thatC. whenD. on which4. That is the day ______I'll never forget. A. which B. on which C. in which D. when5. The factory ______we'll visit next week is not far from here.A. whereB. to whichC. whichD. in which6. They talked for about an hour of things and persons _____ they remembered in the school.A. WhichB. thatC. whoD. whom7. Who _____ has common sense（常识）will do such a thing？A. WhichB. whoC. whomD. that8. All the apples _____ fell down were eaten by the pigs. A. that B. those C. which D. what9. They asked him to tell them everything _____ he saw at the front.A. whatB. thatC. whichD. where10. A child _____ parents are dead is called an orphan. A. Who B. who’s C. whose D. which11. He often helps the students _____ he thinks are not quick at their studies.A. WhomB. whoC. whenD. because12. Is that the reason _____ you are in favor of the proposal？A. whichB. whatC. whyD. for that13. He was born in the year _____ the Anti-Japanese War broke out.A. whichB. whenC. on whichD. during which14. The Second World War _____ millions of people were killed ended in 1945.A. whenB. during thatC. in whichD. which15. -How do you like the book？-It’s quite different from _____ I read last month.A. thatB. whichC. the oneD. the one what16.Who is the person ______ is standing at the gate of Beijing Tourism Tower?A. whoB. thatC. whichD. whom17.Those ______ not only from books but also through practice will succeed.A. learnB. whoC. that learnsD. who learn18.Yesterday she sold her car, ______ she bought a month ago.A. whomB. whereC. thatD.which19. Julie was good at German, French and Russian , all of ______ she spoke fluently.A. whoB. whomC. whichD. that20.I like the second football match ______ was held last week.A. whichB. whoC. thatD. /21. She was no longer the woman ______ she was.A. thatB. whichC. whatD. who22. We should read such books ______ will make us better and wiser.→He lives in a house __________ window faces south.→He lives in a house, ______ _______ _______ _______ faces south.→He lives in a house, ______ _______ ______ _______ faces south.He is the farmer. His son is studying in Qinghua University.→Tip: 名词前有冠词the时用of which, 名词前没有冠词时用whose① I saw some trees ______ the leaves were black with disease.A.whereB. of whichC. in whichD. whose② The old temple, _____roof was damaged in storm, is now under repair.A. whereB. whichC. itsD. whose③ The prize will go to the writer ______ story shows the most imagination.A. thatB. whichC. whoseD. what④ The man pulled out a gold watch, ______ were made of small diamonds.A. the hands of whomB. whom the hands ofC. which the hands ofD. the hands of which⑤ Many children, ______ parents are away working in big cities，are taken good care of in the village.A. their .B. whoseC. of themD. with whom⑥ I wish to thank Professor Smith, without ______ help I would never have got this far.A. whoB. whoseC. whomD. which。
