动词不定式被动语态讲解
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省略to的动词不定式在被动语态中如何应用,to该如何还原?
感官动词或使役动词使用省略to的动词不定式,主动语态中不带to ,但变为被动语态时,须加上to 。
例:make somebody do something→somebody+ be +made to do something
see somebody do something→somebody +be +seen to do something
A girl saw my wallet drop when she passed b y.→My wallet was seen to drop by a girl when she passed by.
The boss made the little boy do heavy work.→The little boy was made to do heavy work by the boss.
带有to的不定式怎样变被动语态?
比如:People oughtn't to criticze her for this matter.
ought to do中,to do并不是不定式,ought to 应看作一个整体,相当于一个情态动词,所以这个句子变不定式应按情态动词的变法:
can do --> can be done
ought to do --> ought to be done
People oughtn't to criticze her for this matter.
-->
She oughtn't to be criticized (by people) for this matter.。
动词不定式不定式具有动词的性质,在句中有自己的宾语,并可被状语所修饰。
同时还具有名词、形容词、和副词的性质,在句中可作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、状语等成分。
一作主语1不定式可做主语To hesitate means failure犹豫不决就意味着失败To become a good teacher was my hope.2经常把it放在句首做形式主语,而把真正主语(不定式)放在句末It is very difficult to solve this problem.二作表语不定式可做表语,说明或解释主语的内容Our purpose is to finish the job in the three weeks.三不定式作宾语The children refused to listen to me1有些动词常跟不定式做宾语:agree,decline,refuse,offer,promise,choose,decide,determine,attempt,intend,manage,fail,ask,hope,want,expect,long,wish,tend,desire,seek,claim,pl an,prepare,learn,volunteer,pretend,dare,afford,arrange,beg,demand,happen,bear,hesitate,prefer,strive,threaten等2如果动词后有不定式做宾语而后又跟宾补,这时要用it做形式宾语,而将不定式放到补语后I find it difficult to solve this problem.四不定式作宾补1有些动词后常跟不定式做宾补My parents won’t allow me to stay out late这些动词有:advise,command,force,allow,encourage,instruct,ask,entitle,beg,expect,invite,compel,forbid,like,mean,tempt,oblige,remind,urge,order,want,permi t,wish等2在某些动词短语如rely on,depend on ,wait for等后面,也可跟不定式做补语You can’t depend on him to come punctually.3在think,consider,believe ,find,feel,know,declare,guess,prove,suppose,imagine,judge等词后面,常跟to be+adj/n,但to be常常省略She believes him( to be )honest4hope,demand,suggest等动词后面不可接动词不定式做宾补He hoped his sister to lend him a hand (F)He hoped that his sister would lend him a hand (T)五不定式做定语1不定式用在the first,the second,the last,the next,the only,等短语后面以及形容词最高级修饰的名词后做定语He was the first to arrive2 不定式做定语与被修饰的中心词之间常表现为动宾关系,如果不定式是不及物动词或不定式本身已有宾语,其后应该有必要的介词。
英语被动语态知识点总结讲解被动语态是英语常考常用句型结构,这一个知识点也是我们必须要掌握的,下面就是小编给大家带来的英语被动语态知识点总结讲解,希望能帮助到大家!被动语态复习 ABCA.熟记结构被动语态的结构为“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词(p.p)”。
被动语态的不同时态是通过be的时态变化来表示的,其人称和数方面应与主语保持一致。
其具体变化为:一般现在时:am/is/are+p.p.一般过去时:was/were+p.p.一般将来时:shall /will be +p.p.现在完成时:have /has been +p.p.现在进行时:am/is/are+being+p.p.过去将来时:should /would be +p.p.含情态动词的被动结构:情态动词+be+p.p.例如:① Chinese ______ by the largest number of people.(选D。
考查一般现在时的被动语态)A.speakB.is speakingC.speaksD.is spoken② The boy ______ to get supper ready after school.(选C。
考查一般过去时的被动语态)A.were toldB.is tellingC.was toldD.tells③ A lot of new roads ______ built in the west of China.(选B。
考查含情态动词的被动语态)A.mustB.must beC.hasD.haveB.明确用法被动语态常用于以下两种情况:1.不知道谁是动作的执行者,或者没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者;2.强调动作的承受者。
例如:这棵树是那个男孩弄断的。
The tree ______ ______ by that boy. (填was broken)C.熟练转换1.将主动语态变被动语态的基本方法为:①将主动语态的宾语作被动语态的主语;②谓语动词变为“be+及物动词的过去分词”,并通过be的变化来表达出不同的时态;③主动语态的主语变为介词by的宾语,组成介词短语放在被动结构中的谓语动词之后。
非谓语动词用法精讲动词不定式与被动语态的用法动词不定式是非谓语动词的一种形式,可以用来表示动作、状态、目的、结果等,并且在句子中可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语等成分。
本文将对动词不定式的用法进行精讲,并探讨与被动语态的关系。
一、动词不定式的基本形式动词不定式的基本形式是由“to + 动词原形”构成,如:to eat,to play,to sleep等。
根据句子的需要,动词不定式可以进行时态的变化、情态动词的变化和宾语的变化。
1. 动词不定式的时态变化动词不定式能够表达的时态有现在时、过去时和将来时。
以动词“to study”为例,其时态变化如下:现在时:to study(一般现在时);to be studying(进行时);to have studied(完成时);过去时:to have studied(一般过去时);to have been studying(过去进行时);将来时:to be going to study(将来时);to be about to study(即将发生)。
2. 动词不定式与情态动词的变化情态动词与动词不定式联用时,情态动词的形式保持不变,而动词不定式则仍保持原来的基本形式。
如:I can swim.(我会游泳。
)She must be careful.(她必须小心。
)He should apologize.(他应该道歉。
)3. 动词不定式作宾语动词不定式常常作为动词的宾语,说明动作或状态的对象。
常见的动词有want, hope, decide, plan, try, like等。
如:She wants to learn Chinese.(她想学中文。
)I hope to visit Beijing next year.(我希望明年去北京。
)4. 动词不定式作表语动词不定式还可以作表语,说明主语的身份、职业、爱好等。
如:Her dream is to be a teacher.(她的梦想是成为一名教师。
动词不定式的被动语态要点归纳1. 一般来说,如果动词不定式的逻辑主语是动作的执行者,动词不定式用主动式;如果动词不定式的逻辑主语是动作的承受者,动词不定式用被动式。
如:He gave orders for the work to be done at once. 他下令那项工作要立刻完成。
(“work”为动词不定式的逻辑主语,“to do”这个动作不是逻辑主语发出的,故动词不定式要用被动式)He ordered us to do the work at once. 他命令我们立刻完成那项工作。
(“us”为动词不定式的逻辑主语,“to do”这个动作是逻辑主语发出的,故动词不定式用主动式)2. 在“主语+ be + 形容词或某些名词+ 动词不定式”结构中,常可看作是省略了动词不定式的逻辑主语for sb 结构,故动词不定式用主动式。
如:The car is difficult (for us) to repair. 这辆汽车很难修理。
The book is great fun (for us) to read. 这本书读起来很有趣。
She is not easy (for us) to get along with. 她不大容易相处。
3. There be 结构后面的动词不定式用主动语态或被动语态均可;有时意义有所不同,应根据特定的语境来确定其形式。
如:There is a lot to do / to be done today. 今天有很多事要做。
There is nothing to do now. 现在没什么事可做。
There is nothing to be done now. 现在没有什么办法。
4. 动词不定式作定语时,如果句子的主语或宾语是动词不定式的逻辑主语,该动词不定式用主动式。
如:He has two letters to write tonight. 他今晚有两封信要写。
(“He”为动词不定式的逻辑主语)You have given me much to read. 你让我看的东西已经很多了。
非谓语动词to do不定式讲解
非谓语动词中的to do不定式是英语语法中的一个重要部分,它表示动作尚未发生或即将发生,具有不确定性。
以下是关于to do不定式的详细讲解:
1. 用法:to do不定式在句子中可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语等成分,用于表达各种不同的意义和语气。
2. 时态:to do不定式有多种时态形式,包括一般式(to do)、进行式(to be doing)、完成式(to have done)等,根据不同的语境选择不同的时态形式。
3. 语态:to do不定式有被动语态和主动语态两种形式。
被动语态用于表示主语是动作的接受者,主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。
4. 否定形式:to do不定式的否定形式是在前面加上“not”或者“never”,例如“to not do”或者“never to do”。
5. 独立结构:在某些情况下,to do不定式可以作为独立结构出现,例如“To err is human.(人非圣贤,孰能无过。
)”。
6. 习惯搭配:to do不定式常常与一些固定搭配一起使用,例如“want to do”(想要做)、“plan to do”(计划做)等。
总之,to do不定式是一个非常灵活的非谓语动词形式,在不同的语境中有不同的用法和意义。
通过掌握其基本用法和规则,能够更好地理解和运用这种语言现象,提高英语表达能力。
动词不定式的主动与被动形式动词不定式是一种非谓语动词形式,它由动词原形加上不定式符号“to”构成。
在英语中,动词不定式的形式可以分为主动和被动两种形式,分别用来表示动作的主动或者受动关系。
本文将重点探讨动词不定式的主动与被动形式及其用法。
一、动词不定式的主动形式动词不定式的主动形式表示动作由主语主动完成。
它的一般形式是“to + 动词原形”,例如:1. I want to learn to play the guitar.(我想学弹吉他。
)2. She needs to work hard to achieve her goals.(她需要努力工作以实现她的目标。
)3. They decided to go on a vacation together.(他们决定一起去度假。
)动词不定式的主动形式常常用来表示目的、意图、计划等。
二、动词不定式的被动形式动词不定式的被动形式表示动作的受动关系,即动作的承受者是主语。
在使用被动形式时,需要在“to”之后加上动词的被动形式,即“tobe + 过去分词”,例如:1. She hopes to be invited to the party.(她希望被邀请参加派对。
)2. They want to be recognized for their achievements.(他们希望因他们的成就而受到认可。
)3. He pretended to be surprised when he heard the news.(他假装听到消息后感到惊讶。
)被动形式通常用来表示动作的客观存在、被动接受等。
三、动词不定式主动与被动形式的用法1. 用于目的和意图动词不定式的主动形式常用于表示目的和意图,强调主语的主动性。
例如:- I bought a book to improve my English.(我买了一本书来提高我的英语水平。
)- He practices yoga every day to stay healthy.(他每天练习瑜伽保持健康。
英语中不定式的时态、语态和用法讲解在谓语以外的句子成分中使用的动词一定要变词形(不能用动词原形),把动词原形变成不定式、-ing式或者过去分词,所以我们把这三种动词形式称为非谓语动词。
不定式的时态和语态:不定式共有4种时态形式(均是主动语态),另有2种被动语态形式:不定式的用法:不定式可以充当主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语。
1)作主语To work hard doesn’t necessarily mean getting high grades.下苦功不一定就能获得高分。
For one to do a good deed is very easy.一个人做一件好事很容易。
2)作表语My job is to take care of children.我的工作是照看小孩。
Her plan is to build a highway for the villagers.她的计划是为村民们建一条公路。
3)作宾语不定式作宾语的场合很多,以下是能够带不定式作宾语的动词:ask, want, agreeexpect, like, hatehope, wish, trystart, begin, offerprefer, continue, manageforget, promise, meanintend, attempt, decidedetermine, pretend, learndesire, choose, telladvise, show, discussI asked to be the first volunteer.我要求当第一名志愿者。
Do you want to leave here?你想要离开这里?We all agreed to do the spring cleaning.我们都同意过进行春季大扫除的。
He hopes to be chosen.他希望被选中。
有几十个动词后面不能接不定式作宾语,只能接-ing式,查阅公众号宾语部分。
被动语态〔一〕语态是动词的一种形式,用以表示主语和谓语之间的关系。
英语的语态分为主动语态和被动语态。
主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。
被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。
★常用的几种时态的被动语态及含有情态动词的被动语态的构成形式★动词不定式的被动式【语境展示】观察下面各句中动词不定式的被动式的用法,然后加以总结。
1. It's nice to be wanted.2. The books are to be sent to the young children.3. She didn't like to be treated as a child.4. The question to be discussed at the next meeting will be a hard nut to crack.5. They were shipped to America to be sold as slaves.6. He didn't want the subject to be mentioned in the letter.7. Forty-one people are said to have been seriously hurt in the accident.【自我归纳】1. 当动词不定式与其逻辑主语之间是动宾关系时,要用不定式的被动式。
动词不定式的被动式有两种:①一般式的被动式:to be done〔句1-句6〕;②完成式的被动式:________〔句7〕。
2. 动词不定式的被动式在句中可以作主语〔句1〕、表语〔句2〕、宾语〔句3〕、________〔句4〕、状语〔句5〕、宾语补足语〔句6〕、主语补足语〔句7〕。
【自我归纳】to have been done;定语【即学即练】I. 用括号内动词的正确形式填空。
1. We’re having a meeting this afternoon. The decision ________ (make) at the meeting will influence the future of our company.2. Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains ________ (see) whether they will enjoy it.3. My friend didn’t want the subject ________ (mention) in the letter.4. The machine doesn’t work. It seems ________ (damage).5. The news reporters hurried to the airport, only ________ (tell) the film star had left. II. 用括号内动词的正确形式完成下面短文。
被动语态构成及用法详解一、被动语态的含义英语中时态很多,但语态不多,只有两种,即:主动语态和被动语态。
所谓“被动语态”,相当于中文中常说的“被……”、“由……”的句式,如:“他的自行车被偷了。
”,“这座楼房是由他们建造的。
”二、被动语态的结构那么,英语中被动语态是怎么样构成的呢?请看下面的例句:His bicycle was stolen.The building has been built in 2000.通过上面的例句,可以看出,“被动语态”的构成是: be + 过去分词 + (by+动作执行者)三、被动语态的运用什么情况下要用被动语态呢?一般地说,有下面几种情况:(1)不知道谁是动作的执行者或没有必要。
例如:①Paper is made from wood.纸是由木材生产出来的。
②The house is quite old. It was built in 1950.这座房子太旧了。
它是1950年建成的。
③He was wounded in the fight.他在战斗在受伤了。
④Electricity is used to run machines.电是用来开动机器的。
(2)需要强调动作的对象时。
例如:①Calculator can t be used in the maths exam.计算器不能用于数学考试。
②Books and newspapers in the reading room mustnt be taken away.阅览室的书籍和报纸不准带走。
③He was awarded first prize in that contest.他在比赛中获得了第一。
(3)为了使语气婉转,避免提到是谁做的这件事。
例如:The construction of the new lab must be completed by the end of next month.新实验室必须在下个月底前完工。
动词不定式的用法讲解动词不定式是英语语法中的一个重要部分,它具有丰富的用法和多样的功能。
理解和掌握动词不定式对于学好英语、正确表达意思至关重要。
接下来,让我们详细探讨一下动词不定式的用法。
一、作主语动词不定式作主语时,通常表示具体的、一次性的或未发生的动作。
为了保持句子平衡,常用 it 作形式主语,而将真正的主语(动词不定式)后置。
例如:“To learn English well is not easy”(学好英语不容易。
)但这个句子头重脚轻,所以通常会改为:“It is not easy to learn English well”二、作宾语有些动词后只能接动词不定式作宾语,常见的这类动词有:want(想要),hope(希望),wish(希望),decide(决定),plan(计划),expect(期望)等。
比如:“I want to go shopping this weekend”(这个周末我想去购物。
)“She decided to study harder”(她决定更努力学习。
)三、作宾语补足语某些动词后需要用动词不定式作宾语补足语,常见的有:ask(要求),tell(告诉),want(想要),allow(允许),encourage(鼓励)等。
例如:“My mother asks me to clean my room every day”(我妈妈每天要求我打扫房间。
)“The teacher encourages us to speak English more”(老师鼓励我们多说英语。
)四、作定语动词不定式作定语时,通常放在被修饰词之后,与被修饰词之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系。
例如:“I have a lot of work to do”(我有很多工作要做。
)“There is no time to waste”(没有时间可以浪费。
)五、作状语1、目的状语动词不定式可以作目的状语,表示某一动作或行为的目的。
被动语态(Ⅰ):动词不定式的被动式不定式修饰的名词或代词和不定式构成逻辑上的动宾关系,即当不定式的逻辑主语是不定式所表示动作的承受者时,不定式一般使用被动式。
一、动词不定式被动式的构成和意义The next thing to be done is to carry away the earth.下一步要做的事是把土运走。
No harm seems to have been done to them.对他们似乎并没有造成损害。
[考题印证]1①(山东高考改编)George returned after the war, only (tell) that his wife had left him.②(湖南高考改编)We've had a good start, but next, more work needs(do) to achieve the final success.二、动词不定式被动式的用法1.作主语It is an honour to be chosen as a volunteer.能被选上做志愿者,真是一件荣幸的事情。
2.作表语The task is to be finished by next month.这项工作要在下个月才能完成。
3.作宾语The boy asked to be given an opportunity to try again.那男孩要求给他再试一次的机会。
4.作宾语补足语He ordered the baggage to be brought to his room.他吩咐把行李搬进他的房间。
5.作定语He was the last one to be asked to speak at the meeting.他是最后一个在会上被邀请发言的人。
6.作状语His mother left the small village, never to be seen again.他母亲离开了那个小村庄,再也没人见过她。
非谓语动词之动词不定式被动语态形一、复习各种时态的被动语态★被动语态的基本结构: be+ done(以the book , publish 为例)一般现在/过去时:The book is/ was published.一般/过去将来时:The book will/would be published.The book is/was going to be published.现在/过去进行时:The book is/was being published.现在/过去完成时:The book has/had been published.情态动词:The book can/could/may/might…be published.1)一般式:(not/never )to be done2)完成式:(not/ never)to have been done (表示不定式动作发生在谓语动词之前)三、▲通常在believe, suppose, say, report等动词构成的句子中可以进行主动语态到被动语态以及被动语态和动词不定式的转换.如:They say that Mike is sick in bed.=It is said that Mike is sick in bed.=Mike is said to be sick in bed.据说麦克卧床不起.People believe that he was killed.=It is believed that he was killed.=He is believed to have been killed.大家相信他被杀了.四、当不定式的逻辑主语是不定式所表示的动作的承受者而非发出者时,不定式一般要采用被动形式(to be done).语法功能:1.作主语:It is an honour for me to be asked to speak here.2.作宾语:She asked to be sent to work in Xinjiang.3.构成复合宾语:He wanted the letter to be typed at once.She didn’t like herself to be praised like that.4.构成复合谓语:The books are not allowed to be taken out of the room.5.作定语:Are you going to the meeting to be held in the teachers’ office?6.作状语:She was too young to be assigned such work.五、不定式有时还可以有完成式的被动式to have been done(表示该动作是发生在主句之前的一个被动动作),在句中作主语、宾语、定语,或者构成复合宾语、复合谓语等,如:It is a good thing for him to have been criticized.(主语)She preferred to have been given heavier work to do. (宾语))He thought it an honour to have been invited to the party. (复合宾语)The book is said to have been translated into many languages. (复合谓语)She was the first woman to have been elected to such a post. (定语)六、不定式的主动形式表示被动1.There be 结构中,用不定式的主动和被动式来修饰主语,区别不大。
被动语态讲解一、总述:英语动词有两种语态,即主动语态(The Active Voice)和被动语态(The Passive Voice).主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。
被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。
They will build a new bridge over the river. (主动)A new bridge will be built over the river. (被动)汉语中常用“被”、“给”、“由”、“受”等词用来表示被动,而英语用:助动词be + 及物动词的过去分词构成。
二、被动语态的形式1) 常用时态的被动语态的构成:被动语态的基本形式为助动词be + 及物动词的过去分词,即be done。
被动语态的时态、人称和数的变化主要体现在be的变化上,其形式与系动词be的变化形式完全一样。
以give 为例,列表如下:一般现在时:am / is / are + given一般过去时:was / were +given一般将来时:shall / will +be+ given过去进行时:was / were + being + given现在进行时:am / is / are + being + given过去完成时:had + been + given现在完成时:have / has + been + given将来完成时:shall / will + have been + given过去将来时:should / would +be+ given现在完成进行时:have/has been being done含情态动词的被动语态:情态动词+be done[注]被动语态没有将来进行时和过去将来进行时。
2)被动语态的否定式:在第一个助动词后加not构成。
Russian is not taught in our school. 我们学校不教俄语。
3)被动语态的疑问式:把第一个助动词提到主语之前,句尾加问号构成。
Book7 unit2 动词不定式被动语态形一、复各样的被★被的基本构 : be+ done(以 the book , publish 例)一般在 / 去:The book is/ was published .一般 / 去未来 :The book will/would be published .The book is/was going to be published .在 / 去行:The book is/was being published .在 / 去达成 :The book has/had been published .情:The book can/could/may/might ⋯ be published .二、不定式的被式的基知:语态时态主动语态被动语态一般式to do to be done达成式to have doneto havebeen done进行式to be doing没有被动语态达成进行式to have been doing没有被动语态1)一般式:( not/never)to be done2)达成式:( not/ never ) to have been done (表示不定式作生在以前)三、▲平常在 believe, suppose, say, report 等组成的句子中能够行主到被以及被和不定式的 .如 : They say that Mike is sick in bed.=It is said that Mike is sick in bed.=Mike is said to be sick in bed.据麦克卧床不起 .People believe that he was killed.=It is believed that he was killed.=He is believed to have been killed.大家相信他被了 .四、当不定式的主是不定式所表示的作的蒙受者而非出者,不定式一般要采纳被形式 (to be done).法功能:1.作主:It is an honour for me to be asked to speak here.2.作:She askedto be sent to work in Xinjiang.3.组成复合:He wanted the letter to be typed at once.She didn ’ t like herselftobe praised like that.4.组成复合谓语:The books are not allowed to be taken out of the room .5.作定语:Are you going to the meeting to be held in the teachers ’ office6.作状语:She was too youngto be assigned such work.五、不定式有时还能够有达成式的被动式 to have been done(表示该动作是发生在主句以前的一个被动动作),在句中作主语、宾语、定语,或许组成复合宾语、复合谓语等,如:It is a good thing for him to have been criticized.(主语)She preferred to have been given heavier work to do. (宾语 ))He thought it an honour to have been invited to the party. (复合宾语)The book is saidto have been translated into many languages. (复合谓语)She was the first woman to have been elected to such a post. (定语)六、不定式的主动形式表示被动1.There be 构造中,用不定式的主动和被动式来修饰主语,差别不大。
Book7 unit2动词不定式被动语态形一、复习各种时态的被动语态★被动语态的根本结构: be+ done〔以the book , publish 为例〕一般现在/过去时:The book is/ was published.一般/过去将来时:The book will/would be published.The book is/was going to be published.现在/过去进行时:The book is/was being published.现在/过去完成时:The book has/had been published.情态动词:The book can/could/may/might…be published.1〕一般式:〔not/never 〕to be done2〕完成式:〔not/ never〕to have been done 〔表示不定式动作发生在谓语动词之前〕三、▲通常在believe, suppose, say, report等动词构成的句子中可以进行主动语态到被动语态以及被动语态和动词不定式的转换.如:They say that Mike is sick in bed.=It is said that Mike is sick in bed.=Mike is said to be sick in bed.据说麦克卧床不起.People believe that he was killed.=It is believed that he was killed.=He is believed to have been killed.大家相信他被杀了.四、当不定式的逻辑主语是不定式所表示的动作的承受者而非发出者时,不定式一般要采用被动形式(to be done).语法功能:1.作主语:It is an honour for me to be asked to speak here.2.作宾语:She asked to be sent to work in Xinjiang.3.构成复合宾语:He wanted the letter to be typed at once.She didn’t like herself to be praised like that.4.构成复合谓语:The books are not allowed to be taken out of the room.5.作定语:Are you going to the meeting to be held in the teachers’ office?6.作状语:She was too young to be assigned such work.五、不定式有时还可以有完成式的被动式to have been done〔表示该动作是发生在主句之前的一个被动动作〕,在句中作主语、宾语、定语,或者构成复合宾语、复合谓语等,如:It is a good thing for him to have been criticized.〔主语〕She preferred to have been given heavier work to do. (宾语)〕He thought it an honour to have been invited to the party. 〔复合宾语〕The book is said to have been translated into many languages. 〔复合谓语〕She was the first woman to have been elected to such a post. 〔定语〕六、不定式的主动形式表示被动1.There be 结构中,用不定式的主动和被动式来修饰主语,区别不大。
(多用主动形式)例如:There is a lot of work to do / to be done.There is no time to lose /to be lost.译:没有什么可担忧的。
________________________________There is nothing to worry about.注意以下两点:(1)如果不定式结构加了"for sb."表示的逻辑主语时There are still many questions for us to discuss. (us与discuss 主谓关系,用主动to discuss)There are a lot of reasons for the book to be published.(the book与publish是动宾关系,用被动to be published)(2)某些动词(do, see)的不定式特殊用法时,两种形式所表示的意思不同。
比拟:There is nothing to do now. (We have nothing to do now.)There is nothing to be done now. (We can do nothing now.)There is nothing to see. (Nothing is worth seeing.)There is nothing to be seen. (Nothing is there at all.)2.在“主语+ be+ adj+ to do〞句型中:常见的adj有hard,amusing,interesting, cheap,difficult,dangerous,easy,nice,important,pleasant.etc.That question is difficult to answer.He is an impossible person to work with.但假设要强调句中的受事者,也可用不定式的被动式:The handwriting is difficult to be read.★注意:如果动词为不及物动词,那么要注意介词的搭配。
John is difficult to deal with.分析:_________(动)----________(宾)〕译:这扶手椅坐起来很舒服。
___________________________________这题目很难算出来。
______________________________________The armchair is comfortable to sit inThe question is difficult to work out3. 当上述第2题中形容词在句中作宾语补足语,后接不定式:I found him easy to get along with.They don’t think the game interesting to play.I find the lecture difficult to understand.4.在“too—to do; en ough…to…〞结构中。
如:The problem is too difficult to work out (to be worked out).The house is big enough to live in.〔不及物动词要补出相应的介词〕但假设要强调句中的受事者,也可用被动式:This box is too heavy to be lifted.5.在“with+n+to do〞结构中。
〔和逻辑主语是主动关系〕例如:With nothing to do,he lay in bed.With so many exercises to do,I can‘t go to the cinema.6.当不定式的逻辑主语在句中出现时。
例如:I have a meeting to attend.。
(to attend与I有主谓关系,即I 是逻辑主语)Give him some books to read. (to read与him有主谓关系,即him 是逻辑主语)如果不属于上述情况,那么表示被动意义时仍需要用被动形式。
试比拟下面两句:1. Have you anything to do this afternoon?2. Have you anything to be taken to the city (by me or someone else) ?〔to take 与you没有主谓关系, 即you不是逻辑主语〕练习:填写括号中动词的适当形式1. I have a meeting ______ (attend) today.2. He gave me some books _______(read).3. I’m going to Beijing next week. Do you have anything __________(take) to your parents?7.一些作表语用的不定式的主动形式。
常见的这类动词有let(出租),rent,hire,blame等。
例如:The house is to rent. Nobody was to blame for the accident.但是,具有比照意义时,仍用被动形式。
例如:The room is to be rented, not to be sold.。
She is to be praised, not to be blamed.Exercise1. Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains____ whether they will enjoy it.A. to seeB. to be seenC. seeingD. seen2. I hurried to the meeting hall, only____ that the meeting had been put off.A. to tellB. to be toldC. tellingD. told3. Do let your mother know all the truth, she appears____ everything.A. to tellB. to be toldC. to be tellingD. to have been told4. Little Tom should love____ to the theater this evening.A. to be takenB. to takeC. being takenD. taking5. With a lot of problems____, the newly-elected president is having a hard time.A. settledB. settlingC. to settleD. being settled6. He___ and was made to repeat it.A. didn’t understandB. didn’t be understoodC. wasn’t understandD. wasn’t understood7. The pupils here____ all kinds of exercises every day in the past four weeks.A. kept busy doingB. keep on doingC. have kept busy doingD. have been kept busy doing语法检测一.根据括号内的动词填入正确形式。