语法突破宾语从句

学习好资料欢迎下载语法突破：宾语从句1．语序无论主句是陈述句还是疑问句，宾语从句都必须使用陈述语序，即“主句＋连词＋宾语从句（主语＋谓语＋……）”句式。

根据连接词在从句中所担任的不同成分，可分为以下四种：1）连接词＋谓语。

Could you tell me who knows the answer，please？你能告诉我谁知道答案吗？The children don't know what is in their stockings．这些孩子不知道袜子里有什么东西。

2）连接词＋名词＋谓语。

He asked whose handwriting was the best in our class．他问我们班上谁的书法最好。

The teacher asked us how many people there were in the room．老师问我们房间里有多少人。

3）连接词＋主语＋谓语。

如：He hasn't decided if he'll go on a trip to Wuxi．他还没决定是否去无锡旅行。

Could you tell me what I should do with the money ？你能告诉我我如何处理这笔钱吗？4）连接词＋名词＋主语＋谓语。

Do you know which class he is in ？你知道他在哪个班吗？She asked me if I knew whose pen it was．她问我是否知道这是谁的钢笔。

2．连接词1）当由陈述句充当宾语从句时，用that引导，that无词义，在口语或非正式文体中常省略。

如：He said that he could finish his work before supper．他说他会在晚饭前完成工作。

2）当由一般疑问句充当宾语从句时，用if或whether引导，意为“是否”。

如：I don't know if ／whether he still lives here after so many years．我不知道这么多年后他是否还住在这儿。

1学习好资料欢迎下载但在下列情况下只能用whether：在具有选择意义，又有or或or not时，尤其是直接与or not连用时，往往用whether（if…or not 也可以使用）。

如：Let me know whether ／if he will come or not．（＝Let me know whether or not he will come）让我知道他是否能来。

I don't know whether ／if he does any washing or not．（＝I don't know whether or not he does any washing．）我不知道他洗不洗衣服。

I wonder whether we stay or whether we go．我不知道我们是去还是留。

在介词之后用whether。

如：I'm interested in whether he likes English．我关心的是他是否喜欢英语。

We're thinking about whether we can finish the work on time．我们正在考虑是否能按时完成这项工作。

I worry about whether I hurt her feelings．我担心是否伤了她的感情。

在不定式前用whether。

如：He hasn't decided whether to visit the old man．他尚未决定是否拜访那位老人。

I don't know whether to go．我不知去否。

He hasn't decided whether to go by bus or by train．他还未决定是乘公共汽车去还是坐火车去。

whether置于句首时，不能换用if。

如：Whether this is true or not，I can't say．这是否真的我说不上来。

引导主语从句和表语从句时宜用whether。

如：Whether she will come or not is still a question．她是否能来还是个问题。

The question is whether we can catch the bus．问题是我们能否赶上公共汽车。

2学习好资料欢迎下载若用if会引起歧义时，则用whether。

如：Please let me know if you like the book．可理解为：a．Please let me know whether you like the book．请告诉我你是否喜欢这本书。

b．If you like the book，please let me know．你如果喜欢这本书，请告诉我。

3）如果宾语从句原来是特殊疑问句，只需用原来的特殊疑问词引导。

如：Could you tell me why you were late for the meeting this morning？你能告诉我今天早上你为什么开会迟到吗？3．时态含宾语从句的复合句，主、从句谓语动词的时态呼应应包括以下三点内容：1）如果主句的谓语动词是一般现在时，从句的谓语动词可根据需要，选用相应的任何时态。

如：I don't know when he will come back．我不知道他将何时回来。

He tells me that his sister came back yesterday．他告诉我他姐姐昨天回来了。

2）如果主句的谓语动词是过去时，宾语从句的谓语动词只可根据需要，选用过去时态即一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时或过去完成时的某一种形式。

如：The children didn't know who he was．孩子们不知道他是谁。

He asked his father how it happened．他问他父亲这件事是如何发生的。

3）如果宾语从句所表示的是客观事实、普遍真理、自然现象或习惯性动作等，不管主句用什么时态，从句时态都用一般现在时。

如：The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun．老师说地球绕着太阳转。

4．注意：if和when既可以引导宾语从句，也可以引导状语从句，应注意它们在两种从句中的意思和用法的不同。

if和when引导宾语从句时，分别意为“是否”和“何时”，其时态应和主句时态相呼应；它们引导3学习好资料欢迎下载状语从句时，意思分别为“如果，假如”和“当……时候”，当主句时态是一般将来时时，其时态用一般现在时。

它们常常放在含有状语从句和宾语从句的题干中进行综合考查。

如：—Do you know when he will come back tomorrow ？你知道他明天什么时候回来吗？—Sorry，I don't know．When he comes back，I'll tell you．对不起，不知道。

当他回来了，我将告诉你。

—I don't know if he will come．我不知道他是否会来。

—He will come if it doesn't rain．如果不下雨，他会来的。

简化宾语从句常用六法：方法一：当主句谓语动词是hope，decide，wish，choose，agree，promise等，且宾语从句的主语与主句主语一致时，宾语从句可简化为不定式结构。

例如：Li Ming hopes he will be back very soon. →Li Ming hopes to be back very soon.We decided that we would help him. →We decided to help him.方法二：当主句谓语动词是know，learn，remember，forget，tell等动词，且主句主语与从句主语一致时，宾语从句可简化为“疑问词+不定式”结构。

例如：She has forgotten how she can open the window. →She has forgotten how to open the window.注：当主句谓语动词是tell，ask，show，teach等动词，且后带双宾语，从句主语和间接宾语一致时，宾语从句可简化为“疑问词+不定式”结构。

例如：Could you tell me how I can get to the station？→Could you tell me how to get to the station？方法三：当主句的谓语动词是order（命令），require（需要）等时，如果主句和从句的主语不一致，宾语从句可简化为“名词（代词）+不定式”结构。

例如：The headmaster ordered that we should start at once. →The headmaster ordered us to start at once.方法四：某些动词后的宾语从句，可以用介词加动名词（短语）等其他形式简化。

例如：He insisted that he should go with us. →He insisted on going with us.4学习好资料欢迎下载The poor boy doesn't know when and where he was born. →The poor boy doesn't know the time and theplace of his birth.方法五：某些动词后面的宾语从句可转化为“宾语+V-ing形式（作宾语补足语）”结构。

例如：Liu Ping found that there was a wallet lying on the ground. →Liu Ping found a wallet lying on the ground.方法六：动词seem后的宾语从句，也可以用不定式（短语）来简化，但句型需要进行适当的变化。

例如：It seemed that the boys were going to win. →The boys seemed to win.除上述方法外，还有一些特殊句式的转化。

例如：I found that it was difficult to learn English well. →I found it difficult to learn English well.Soon we found that the ground was covered with thick snow. →Soon we found the ground covered withthick snow.They found that the box was very heavy. →They found the box very heavy宾语从句练习：1.Have you decided ________for Australia?A. when will you leaveB. when do you leaveC. you will leave whenD. when you will leave2.Can you tell me _________ ?A. where does Tom liveB. where Tom livedC. Tom lives whereD. where Tom lives3.The old man asked me ________ .A. where was the cinemaB. where is the cinemaC. where the cinema wasD. where was the way to the cinema4.I think _______ you will like him. A. that B. if C. why D. how5.I didn't know _______ he will come or not. A. that B. whether C. weather D. how6.I wonder _________ .A. how much cost these shoesB. how much do these shoes cost5学习好资料欢迎下载C. how much these shoes costD. how much are these shoes cost7.She asked me _________ . A. who he was B. who was he C. who is he D. who he is8.Ask him ___.A. whose cup this isB. whose cup is thisC. this is whose cupD. whose is this cup9.I don't know _________ .A. what time the movie startsB. what time starts the movieC. the time to start the movieD. the movie what time starts10.The doctor asked me how long ________ .A. was I illB. have I been illC. I have been illD. I had been ill11.The weather forecast doesn't say _________.A. if it rains tomorrowB. if does it rain tomorrowC. if it will rain tomorrowD. if will it rain tomorrow12.Do you know _________?A. whose pen is thisB. whose pen this isC. whom does the pen belong toD. whom the pen belong to13.Could you tell me where _________?A. the tape wasB. was the tapeC. the tape isD. is the tape14.They want to know _________?A. where is the hospitalB. how old are youC. when the train will leaveD. why is the boy crying15.Tony wanted to know _________.A. what had Father Christmas put in his stockingB. when Father Christmas had put in his stockingC. what Father Christmas had put in his stockingD. where Father Christmas had put in his stocking16.No one knows ___ the professor will come to our school tomorrow to give us a talk or not.A. whenB. whetherC. whereD. if17.July didn't know_________.A. where is Tim's fatherB. when was the first watch madeC. who the old man isD. what was wrong with her watch6学习好资料欢迎下载18.No one told us _________, so we need your help.A. how should we doB. what we should doC. what to doD. what should we do19.We don't know _________ with the rubbish and it pollutes out land and sea.A. how do itB. how to doC. what do itD. what to do20.He asked me _________.A. whether I find out the sender of the moneyB. whether did I find out the sender of the moneyC. whether the sender of the money found outD. whether I found out the sender of the money21. Did you hear ______? A. what did I say B. what I said C. I said what D. what I say22. Can you tell me ________?A. which class you are inB. which class are you inC. you are in which classD. are you in which class23. ---Excuse me. Could you tell me _______? --- Certainly.A. when can I get to the stationB. I can get to which stationC. which station can I get toD. how I can get to the station24. Could you tell me where _______ yesterday?A. did you goB. you goC. you have goneD. you went25. Tom asked me ________.A. whose shirt was thisB. whose shirt this wasC. who shirt was thisD. who shirt this was26. Excuse me, could you tell me _______?A. where's the teachers' officeB. where's the bus stationC. what's she doingD. where the post office is27. I want to see Mrs. Wang , but I don't know _______.A. she lives whereB. she where livesC. where she livesD. where does she live28. --- Go and ask Mr. White for help. --- But I don't know _______.A. where does he liveB. where he livesC. where is he livingD. he lives there29. --- Can you tell me ______? --- Yes, he lives in a small town.7学习好资料欢迎下载A. where he livesB. who is singingC. when he will leaveD. what he said30. Have you decided ______ for London?A. when will you leaveB. when you will leaveC. when are you goingD. when you are going31. Excuse me. Could you tell me ______our tickets?A. where do we showB. where shall we showC. where did we showD. where we shall show32. --- What are you interested in about cooking food? --- We are all interested in ______.A. how egg is friedB. how is egg friedC. How egg friesD. how does egg fry33. Do you know _______? A. what it is B. what is it C. who is he D. whose name is it34. Do you know _______?A. whose book is thisB. whose book this isC. this book is whoseD. who's book this is35. I don't know ______ now.A. where is my catB. my cat is whereC. where my cat isD. where my cat36. Does he know ______?A. what's your nameB. what name is yourC. what your is nameD. what your name is37. Do you know ______?A. which floor he livesB. which floor he lives onC. he lives on which floorD. which floor does he lives on38. Tell me where ____? A. is the hospital B. the hospital is C. is hospital D. hospital is39. He hasn't decided _______.A. if he'll go on a trip to Wu xiB. when will he go on a trip to Wu xiC. if he goes on a trip to Wu xiD. when does he go on a trip to Wu xi40. Can you see ________?A. what he's readingB. what is he readingC. what does he readD. he reads what8学习好资料欢迎下载9。