道路工程术语标准中英文对照

公路highway道路road公路工程highway engineering公路网highway network公路网密度highway density公路等级highway classification公路自然区划climatic zoning for highway公路用地highway right-of-way高速公路freeway等级公路classified highway辅导relief road干线公路arterial highway支线公路feeder highway专用公路accomodation highway国家干线公路(国道) national trunk highway省级干线公路(省道) provincial trunk highway县公路(县道) county road乡公路(乡道) township road辐射式公路radial highway环形公路ring highway绕行公路bypass交通结构traffic structure交通组成traffic composition混合交通mixed traffic交通流traffic flow交通流理论traffic flow theory车流vehicle stream交通密度traffic density车头间距space headway车头时距time headway车间净距vehicular gap延误delay地点速度spot speed行驶速度running speed运行速度poerating speed临界速度critical speed平均速度average speed计算行车速度(设计车速) design speed交通量traffic volume年平均日交通量annual average daily traffic月平均日交通量monthly average daily traffic 年第30位最大小时交通量thirtieth highest annualhourly volume年最大小时交通量maximum annual hourly设计小时交通量design hourly volume通行能力traffic capacity基本通行能力basic traffic capacity可能通行能力possible traffic capacity设计通行能力design traffic capacity 道路服务水平level of service公路交通规划traffic planning交通调查traffic survey交通量调查traffic volume survey交通量观测站traffic volume observationstation起迄点调查(OD调查) origin-destination study出行trip境内交通local traffic过境交通through traffic交通发生traffic generation交通分布traffic distribution交通分配traffic assignment交通预测traffic prognosis行车道carriageway分离式行车道divided carriageway车道lane变速车道speed-change lane加速车道acceleration lane减速车道deceleration lane爬坡车道climbing lane停车道parking lane错车道turn-out lane自行车道cycle path路侧人行道sidewalk分隔带lane seperator中央分隔带median divider中间带central strip路肩shoulder;verge路缘带marginal strip路缘石kerb;curb侧向余宽lateral clearance路拱camber;crown路拱横坡crown slope公路建筑限界clearance of highway公路路线highway route公路线形highway alignment平面线形horizontal alignment纵面线形vertical alignment线形要素alignment elements平曲线horizontal curve极限最小平曲线半径limited minimum radius ofhorizontal curve复曲线compound curve反向曲线reverse curve断背曲线broken-back curve回头曲线switch-back curve缓和曲线transition curve竖曲线vertical curve弯道加宽curve widening加宽缓和段transition zone of curve超高superelevation超高缓和段supere levation runoff纵坡longitudinal gradient最大纵坡maximum longitudinal gradient 最小纵坡minimum ongitudinal gradient 变坡点grade change point平均纵坡average gradiant坡长限制grade length limitation高原纵坡拆减highland grade compensation 缓和坡段transition grading zone合成坡度resultant gradent视距sight distance停车视距non-passing sight distance;stopping sight distance超车视距passing sight distance道路交叉road intersection;道口railroad grade crossing平面交叉at-grade intersection ;grade crossing 正交叉right-angle intersection斜交叉skew intersection环形交叉rotary intersection十字形交叉“+”intersectionT形交叉T intersection错位交叉offset intersection;staggered junction Y形交叉Y intersection立体交叉grade separation分离式立体交叉simple grade separation,separategrade crossing互通式立体交叉interchange首蓿叶形立体交叉full cloverleaf interchange部分首蓿叶形立体交叉cloverleaf interchange菱形立体交叉diamond interchange定向式立体交叉directional interchange喇叭形立体交叉three-leg interchange环形立体交叉rotary interchange匝道ramp交叉口road crossing; intersection交叉口进口intersection entrance交叉口出口intersection exit加铺转角式交叉口intersection with widenedcorners拓宽路口式交叉口flared intersection分道转弯式交叉口channelized intersection渠化交通channelization交织weaving交织路段weaving section合流converging分流diverging冲突点conflict point 交通岛traffic island导流岛channe lization island中心岛central island安全岛refuge island沿线设施roadside facilities交通安全设施traffic safety device人行横道crosswalk人形地道pedestrian underpass人形天桥pedestrian overcrossing 护栏guard fence防护栅guard fence,safety barrier 遮光栅anti-dizzling screen应急电话emergency telephone反光标志reflective sign反光路钮reflective button弯道反光镜traffic mirror道路交通标志road traffic sign警告标志warning sign禁令标志regulatory sign指示标志guide sign指路标志information sign辅助标志auxiliary sign可变信息标志changeable message sign 路面标线pavement marking防雪设施snow protection facilities 防沙设施sands protection facilities 隔音墙acoustic barrier停车场parking area踏勘reconnaissance可行性研究feasibility study线形设计highway alignment design 公路景观设计highway landscape design 选线route selection路线控制点control point定线location比较线alternative line展线line development初测preliminary survey定测location survey地貌topographie fcature地物culture地形topography台地terrace垭口pass; saddle back平原区plain terrain微丘区rolling terrain重丘区hilly terrain山岭区mountainous terrain沿溪线valley line山脊线ridge line山坡线hill-side line越岭线ridge crossing line土方调配cut-fill transition土方调配图cut-fill transition program土方调配经济运距economical hauling distance导线traverse导线测量traverse survey中线center line中线测量center line survey施工测量construction survey竣工测量final survey(路线)平面图plan交点intersection point虚交点imaginary intersection point转点turning point转角intersection angle方位角azimuth angle象限角bearing方向角direction angle切线长tangent length曲线长curve length外（矢）距external secant测站instrument station测点observation point中桩center stake加桩additional stake护桩reference stake断链broken chainage水准测量levelling survey水准点bench mark绝对基面absolute datum高程elevation地面高程ground elevation设计高程designed elevation(路线)纵断面图profile中桩填挖高度cut and fill at center stake地形测量topographic survey基线base line地形图topographic map等高线contour line横断面测量cross-sectional survey横断面图cross-section坑探pit test钻探boring摄影测量photogrammetry航空摄影测量aerial photogrammetry地面立体摄影测量ground stereophoto grammetry 地面控制点测量ground control-point survey 航摄基线aerophoto base影像地图photographic map像片索引图(镶辑复照图) photo index航摄像片判读aerophoto interpretation 综合法测图planimatric photo全能法测图universal photo微分法测图differential photo像片镶嵌图photo mosaic路基subgrade路堤embankment路堑cutting半填半挖式路基part cut-partfill subgrade 台口式路基benched subgrade路基宽度width of subgrade路基设计高程design elevation of subgrade （路基）最小填土高度minimum height of fill边坡side slope边坡坡度grade of side slope（边）坡顶top of slope（边）坡脚toe of slope护坡道berm边坡平台plain stage of slope碎落台berm at the foot of cutting slope 护坡slope protection挡土墙retaining wall重力式挡土墙gravity retaining wall横重式挡土墙balance weight retaining wall 悬臂式挡土墙cantilever retaining wall扶壁式挡土墙counterfort retaining wall柱板式挡土墙column-plate retaining wall 锚杆式挡土墙anchored retaining wall by tie rods 锚碇板式挡土墙anchored bulkhead retaining wall 石笼rock filled gabion抛石riprap路基排水subgrade drainage边沟side ditch截水沟intercepting ditch排水沟drainage ditch急流槽chute跌水drop water蒸发池evaporation pond盲沟blind drain渗水井seepage well透水路堤permeable embankment过水路面ford填方fill挖方cut借土borrow earth弃土waste取土坑borrow pit弃土堆waste bank回填土back-filling黄土loess软土soft soil淤泥mud泥沼moor泥炭peat盐渍土salty soil膨胀土expansive soil冻土frozen soil流砂quicksand软弱地基soft ground强夯法dynamic consolidation预压法preloading method反压护道loading berm砂井sand drain路基沙垫层sand mat of subgrade压实compaction压实度degree of compaction(标准)最大干容重maximum dry unit weight相对密实度relative density毛细水capillary water土石方爆破blasting crater抛掷爆破blasting for throwing rock爆破漏斗blasting crater松动爆破blasting for loosening rock爆破作用圈acting cire les of blasting路面pavement弹性层状体系理论elastic multilayer theory(回弹)弯沉deflection加州承载比(CBR) California bearing ratio(CBR) 路面宽度width of pavement路槽road trough刚性路面rigid pavement柔性路面flexible pavement路面结构层pavement structure layer面层surface course磨耗层wearing course联结层binder course基层base course垫层bed course隔水层aquitard隔温层thermal insulating course封层seal coat透层prime coat保护层protection course补强层streng thening layer高级路面high type pavement 次高级路面sub-high type pavement中级路面intermediate type pavement 低级路面low type pavement水泥混凝土路面cement concrete pavement沥青路面bituminous pavement沥青混凝土路面bituminous concrete pavement 沥青碎石路面bituminous macadam pavement 沥青贯入碎(砾)石路面bituminous penetrationpavement沥青表面处治bituminous surface treatment 块料路面block pavement石块路面stone block pavement泥结碎石路面clay-bound macadam pavement 水结碎石路面water-bound macadam pavement 级配路面graded aggregate pavement稳定土基层stabilized soil base course工业废渣基层industrial waste base course块石基层telford base层铺法spreading in layers拌和法mixing method厂拌法plant mixing method路拌法road mixing method热拌法hot mixing method冷拌法cold mixing method贯入法penetration method铺砌法pitching method缩缝contraction joint胀缝expansion joint真缝true joint假缝dummy joint横缝transverse joint纵缝longitudinal joint施工缝construction joint传力杆dowel bar拉杆tie bar路面平整度surface evenness路面粗糙度surface roughness路面摩擦系数friction coefficient of pavement 附着力adhesive force水滑现象hydroplaning phenomenon桥梁bridge公路桥highway bridge公铁两用桥highway and rail transit bridge 人形桥pedestrian bridge跨线桥overpass bridge高架桥viaduct永久性桥permanent bridge半永久性桥semi-permanent bridge临时性桥temporary bridge钢筋混凝土桥reinforced concrete bridge预应力混凝土桥prestressed concrete bridge钢桥steel bridge圬工桥masonry bridge木桥timber bridge正交桥right bridge斜交桥skew bridge弯桥curved bridge坡桥bridge on slope斜桥skew bridge正桥right bridge上承式桥deck bridge中承式桥half-through bridge下承式桥through bridge梁桥beam bridge简支梁桥simple supported team bridge 连续梁桥continuous beam bridge悬臂梁桥cantilever beam bridge联合梁桥composite beam bridge板桥slab bridge拱桥arch bridge双曲拱桥two-way curved arch bridge空腹拱桥open spandrel arch bridge实腹拱桥filled spandrel arch bridge系杆拱桥bowstring arch bridge桁架桥truss bridge钢构桥rigid frame bridgeT形钢构桥T-shaped rigid frame bridge连续钢构桥continuous rigid frame bridge 斜腿钢构桥rigid frame bridge with inclinedlegs斜拉桥(斜张桥) cable stayed bridge悬索桥suspension bridge漫水桥submersible bridge浮桥pontoon bridge开启桥movable bridge装配式桥fabricated bridge装拆式钢桥fabricated steel bridge涵洞culvert管涵pipe culvert拱涵arch culvert箱涵box culvert盖板涵slab culvert无压力式涵洞non-pressure culvert压力式涵洞pressure culvert半压力式涵洞partial pressure culvert倒虹吸涵siphon culvert上部结构superstructure主梁main beam 横梁floor beam纵梁longitudinal beam,stringer挂梁suspended beam拱圈arch,ring拱上结构spandrel structure腹拱spandrel arch拱上侧墙spandrel wall桥面系floor system,bridge decking桥面铺装bridge deck pavement伸缩缝expansion and contraction joint 桥面伸缩装置bridge floor expansion andcontraction installation安全带afety belt桥头搭板transition slab at bridge head下部结构substructure桥墩pier墩身pier body墩帽coping盖梁bent cap破冰体ice apron重力式桥墩gravity pier实体桥墩solid pier空心桥墩hollow pier柱式桥墩column pier排架桩墩pile bent pier柔性墩flexible pier制动墩braking pier单向推力墩single direction thrusted pier桥台abutment台身abutment body前墙front wall翼墙wing walls台帽coping锥坡conical slope耳墙wing wallsU形桥台U-shaped abutment八字形桥台flare wing wall abutment一字形桥台head wall abutment,straight abutment 重力式桥台gravity abutment埋置式桥台buried abutment扶壁式桥台counterforted abutment锚锭板式桥台anchored bulkhead abutment 支撑式桥台supported type abutment地基subsoil加固地基consolidated subsoil天然地基natural subsoil基础foundation扩大基础spread foundation沉井基础open caission foundation管柱基础cylindrical shaft foundation桩基础pile poundation桩pile预制桩precast pile就地灌注桩cast-in-place concrete pile摩擦桩friction pile支承桩bearing pile承台bearing platform支座bearing固定支座fixed bearing活动支座expansion bearing索塔cable bent tower索鞍cable saddle调治构造物regulating structure丁坝spur dike顺坝longitudinal dam桥位bridge site桥梁全长total length of bridge主桥main bridge引桥approach span跨径span桥涵计算跨径computed span桥涵净跨径clear span矢跨比rise span ratio计算矢高calculated rise of arch桥下净空clearance of span桥面净空clearance above bridge floor桥梁建筑高度construction height of bridge 荷载load永久荷载permanent load可变荷载variable load偶然荷载accidental load荷载组合loading combinations车辆荷载标准loading standard for design vchicle 设计荷载design load施工荷载construction load梁beam简支梁simple-supported beam连续梁continuous beam悬臂梁cantilever beam板slab拱arch桁架truss刚构rigid frame柱column强度strength刚度stiffness ,rigidity抗裂度crack resistance稳定性stability 位移displacement变形deformation挠度deflection预拱度camber流域catchment basin集水面积runoff area径流runoff水文测验hydrological survey河床river bed河槽river channel主槽main channel边滩side shoal河滩rlood land河床宽度bed width河槽宽度channel width过水断面discharge section水位water level最高(或最低)水位maximum(minimum)water level 通航水位navigable water level设计水位design water level水面比降water surface slope河床比降gradient of river bed湿周weffed perimeter糙率coefficient of roughuess水力半径hydraulic radius水文计算hydrological computation设计流量designed discharge设计流速designed flow velocity行近流速approach velocity洪水调查floor survey洪水频率floor frequency设计洪水频率designed flood frequency潮汐河流tidal river悬移质suspended load推移质bed material load水力计算hydraulic computation水头water head冲刷scour桥下一般冲刷general scour under bridge桥墩(或墩台)局部冲刷local scour near pier自然演变冲刷natural scour冲刷系数coefficient of scouring淤积silting壅水back water流冰ice drift先张法pretensioning method后张法post-tensioning method缆索吊装法erection with cableway悬臂拼装法erection by protrusion悬臂浇筑法cast-in-place cantilever mathod 移动支架逐跨施工法span by span method纵向拖拉法erection by longtitudinal pullingmethod顶推法incremental launching method 转体架桥法construction by swing浮运架桥法erecting by floating顶入法jack-in method围堰cofferdam护筒pile casing隧道tunnel洞门tunnel portal衬砌tunnel lining明洞open cut tunnel围岩surrounding rork隧道建筑限界structural approach limit of runnels 明挖法open cut method矿山法mine tunnelling method盾构法shield tunneling method沉埋法(沉管法) lmmersed tunnel导坑heading隧道支撑tunnel support构件支撑element support喷锚支护lock bolt support with shotcrete 隧道通风tunnel ventilation隧道照明tunnel lighting养护maintenance定期养护periodical maintenance巡回养护patrol maintenance大中修周期maintenance period小修保养routine maintenance中修intermediate maintenance大修heavy maintenance改善工程road inprovement抢修emergency repair of road加固strengthening of structure回砂sand sweeping罩面overlay of pavement路面翻修pavement recapping路向补强pavement strengthening车辙rutting路面搓板surface corrugation路面网裂net-shaped cracking路面龟裂alligator cracking路面碎裂pavement spalling反射裂缝reflection crack路面坑槽pot holes路面冻胀surface frost heave路面沉陷pavement depression 路面滑溜surface slipperiness露骨suiface angularity啃边edge failure泛油bleeding拥包upheaval拱胀blow up错台faulting of slab ends错位slab staggering滑坡slide坍方land slide崩塌collapse碎落debris avalanche沉降settlement沉陷subsidence泥石流mud avalanche(振动)液化liquefaction翻浆frost boiling岩溶karst沙害sand hazard雪害snow hazard水毁washout好路率rate of good road养护质量综合值general tating of maintenancequality路容road appearance路况road condition路况调查road condition survey路政管理rlad administration民工建勤civilian labourers working onpublic project养路费toll of road maintenance养路道班maintenance gang粒料granular material集料(骨料) aggregate矿料mineral aggregate矿粉mineral powder砂sand砾石gravel砂砾sand gravel卵石cobble stone碎石broken stone,crushed stone片石rubble块石block stone料石dressed stone石屑chip工业废渣industrial solid waste结合料binder有机结合料organic binding agent沥青bitumen地沥青asphalt天然沥青natural asphalt石油沥青petroleum asphalt煤沥青coal tar乳化沥青emulsified bitumen氧化沥青oxidized asphalt路用沥青road bitumen无机结合料inorganic binding agent粉煤灰fly ash混合料mixture沥青混合料bituminous mixture沥青混凝土混合料bituminous concrete mixture 沥青碎石混合料bituminous macadam mixture 沥青砂asphalt sand沥青膏asphalt mastic水泥砂浆cement mortar石灰砂浆lime mortar水泥混凝土混合料cement concrete mixture水泥混凝土cement concrete钢筋混凝土reinforced concrete预应力(钢筋)混凝土prestressed concrete早强混凝土early strength concrete干硬性混凝土dry concrete贫混凝土lean concrete轻质混凝土light-wehght concrete纤维混凝土fibrous concrete外掺剂admixture减水剂water reducing agent加气剂air entraining agent早强剂early strength agent缓凝剂retarder钢筋steel bar预应力钢材prestressing steel高强钢丝high tensile steel wire钢铰线stranded steel wire冷拉钢筋cold-stretched steel bar冷拔钢丝cold-drawn steel wire高强螺栓high strength bolt空隙率porosity孔隙比void ratio粒径grain size颗粒组成grain composition细度fineness筛分sieve analysis级配gradation级配曲线grading curve最佳级配optimum gradation含水量water content最佳含水量optimum water content稠度界限consistency limit 液限liquid limit塑限plastic limit缩限shrinkage limit塑性指数plasticity index水泥标号cement mark水泥混凝土标号cement concrete mark水泥混凝土配合比proportioning of cement concrete 水灰比water cement ratio和易性workabillty坍落度slump硬化hardening水硬性hydraulicity气硬性air hardening离析segregation徐变creep老化ageing(沥青)稠度consistency (of bitumen)针入度penetration粘(滞)度viscosity软化点softening point延度ductility闪点flash point溶解度dissolubility热稳性hot stability水稳性water stability油石化asphalt-aggregate ratio含油率bitumen content压碎率rate of crushing磨耗率abrasiveness弹性模量modulus of elasticity回弹模量modulus of resilience劲度(模量) stiffness modulus模量比modulus ratio泊松比poisson’s ratio疲劳试验fatigue test劈裂试验splitting test三轴试验triaxial test击实试验compaction test触探试验cone penetration test弯沉试验deflection test环道试验circular track test承载板试验loading plate test透水性试验perviousness test车辙试验wheel tracking test马歇尔试验Marshall stability test压实度试验compactness test铺砂法sand patch method硬练胶砂强度试验earth-dry mortar strength –test 软练胶砂强度试验plastic mortar strength-test(水泥)安定性试验soundness test(of cement)击实仪compaction test equipment长杆贯入仪penetration test equipment承载板loading plate杠杆完沉仪beam lever deflectometer路面曲率半径测定仪surface-curvature apparatus路面平整度测定仪viameter路面透水度测定仪surface permeameter五轮仪fifth-wheel tester制动仪skiddometer速度检测器speed detector万能试验机universal testing machine三轴(剪切)仪triaxial shear ratiotester加州承载比(CBR)测定仪California bearingratiotester标准筛standard sieves(沥青)针入度仪penetrometer(沥青)粘度仪viscosimeter(沥青)延度仪ductilometer(沥青)软化点仪(环-球法)softening pointtester(ringball method)闪点仪(开口杯式) flash point tester(open cupmethod)马歇尔稳定度仪Marshall stability apparatus (沥青混合料)抽提机bitumen extractor砂浆稠度仪mortar penetration tester坍落度圆锥筒slump cone标准工业粘度计standard concrete consistometer 饱和面干吸水率试模saturated-surface-duiedmoisture retention tester撞击韧度试验机impact toughness machine圆盘耐磨硬度试验机wear hardness machine狄法尔磨耗试验机Deval abrasion testing machine 洛杉矶磨耗试验机Los Angeles abrasiontestingmachine压碎率试模crushing strength tester单斗挖掘机single-bucket excavator推土机bulldozer除根机rootdozer铲运机scraper平地机grader挖沟机trencher耕耘机cultivator松土机ripper松土搅拌机pulvi-mixer稳定土拌和机stabilizer凿岩机rock breaker碎石机stone crusher碎石撒布机stone spreader装载机loader 羊足压路机sheep-foot roller手扶式单轮压路机walk behind single drum蛙式打夯机frog rammer内燃夯实机internal comtustion compactor 铁夯(铁撞柱) tamping iron压路机roller振动压路机vibratory roller沥青加热器asphalt heater沥青泵asphalt pump沥青洒布机asphalt sprayer沥青洒布车asphalt distributor沥青混合料拌和设备asphalt mixing plant沥青混合料摊铺机asphalt paver散装水泥运输车cement deliver truck水泥混凝土混合料拌和设备concrete mixing plant (水泥混凝土混合料)搅拌运输车concrete delivertruck水泥混凝土混合料摊铺机concrete paver振捣器concrete vibrator水泥混凝土混合料整面机concrete finisher真空泵vacuum pump水泥混凝土路面切缝机concrete joint cutter水泥混凝土路面锯缝机concrete saw水泥混凝土路面清缝机concrete joint cleaner水泥混凝土路面填缝机concrete joint sealer水泵pump泥浆泵mud pump张拉钢筋油泵prestressed steel bar drawing oil pump 砂浆泵mortar pump水泥混凝土混合料泵concrete pump钢筋切断机bar shear钢筋冷轧机cold-rolling mill钢筋冷拉机steel stretcher钢筋冷拔机steel bar cold-extrudingmachine钢筋冷镦机steel bar heading press machine 钢筋拉伸机steel extension machine钢筋弯曲机steel bar bender钢筋调直机steel straighten machine对焊机butt welder钻孔机boring machine打桩机pile driver拔桩机pile extractor千斤顶jack张拉预应力钢筋千斤顶prestressed steel bar drawingjack手拉葫芦chain block起重葫芦hoisting block卷扬机hoister缆索吊装设备cableway erecting equipment起重机crane架桥机bridge erection equipment砂筒sand cylinder盾构shield全气压盾构compressed air shield半盾构roof shield隧道掘进机tunnel boring machine全断面隧道掘进机tunnel boring machine for fullcection喷枪shotcrete equipment装碴机mucker盾构千斤顶main jack拉合千斤顶pull-in jacks复拌沥青混合料摊铺机asphalt remixer路面铣削机pavemill回砂车sand sweeping equipment除雪机snow plough装雪机snow loader洗净剂喷布车detergent spray truck清扫车sweeper洒水车water truck划标线机line maker振动筛vibrating screen撒布机spreader输送机conveyer提升机elevator翻斗车dump-body car自卸汽车dumping wagon牵引车tow truck拖车头tractor truck挂车trailer平板车flat truck工程车shop truck万能杆件fabricated universal steel members 交通规划traffic rules交通事故traffic accident交通事故率traffic accident rate人口事故率population accident rate车辆事故率vehicle accident rate运行事故率operating accident rate交通控制traffic control中央控制台central control unit点控制spot control线控制line control面控制area control交通信号traffic signal交通信号灯traffic signal lamp信号周期signal cycle绿信比split ratio 信号相位signal phase相位差phase difference 绿波green wave交通监视系统traffic surveillance 交通公害vehicular pollution。

空间平均速度space mean speed在给定的时间内，在某一路段上所有车辆单位时间行驶距离的平均值。

经济车速economic speed汽车行驶中消耗燃料最节省的速度。

自由车速free-flow speed不受其它车辆影响的条件下，驾驶人员按自己的能力所及选择的行驶速度。

交通量traffic volume在单位时间内通过道路某一断面的通行单元(车辆或行人)数。

通常专指车辆数。

年平均日交通量annual average daily traffic全年的日交通量观测结果的平均值。

月平均日交通量monthly average daily traffic全月的日交通量观测结果的平均值。

位最大小时交通量thirtieth highest annual hourly volume将一年内所有小时交通量，按从大到小的顺序排列，位的小时交通量。

年最大小时交通量maximumannualhourlyvolume一年内所有小时交通量中的最大值。

高峰小时交通量peak hourly volume一定时间内(通常指一日或上午、下午)出现的最大小时交通量。

设计小时交通量design hourly volume根据交通量预测所选定的作为道路设计依据的小时交通量。

通行能力traffic capacity在一定的道路和交通条件下，道路上某一路段单位时间内通过某一断面的最大车辆数。

基本通行能力basic trsffic capacity在理想的道路和交通条件下，一个车道或一条道路某一路段的通行能力。

可能通行能力possible traffic capacity在现实的道路和交通条件下，一个车道或一条道路某一路段的通行能力。

设计通行能力design traffic capacity道路交通的运行状态保持在某一设计的服务水平时，道路上某一路段的通行能力。

道路服务水平level of service主要以道路上的运行速度和交通量与可能通行能力之比综合反映道路的服务质量。

道路工程专业术语way，road——路，道路street ——街道road，high way ——道路，公路road with limited access——控制出入道路motorway，freeway，superhighway(USA)，expressway ——高速公路，汽车（专用）路road network——道路网by-pass ——过境公路cross-town link——穿城公路ring road ——环路pedestrian underpass——人行地道single carriageway——单幅公路road with 2，3，4 lanes——2，3或4车道公路road with 2，3，4 separate carrageways ——2，3或4幅车行道的公路one-way street——单行街道cul-de-sac，dead end (USA)——尽头路through road——直达道路service road，frontage road（USA）——服务性道路，辅道major road ——主要道路primary distributor road ——主要支线道路local distributor road ——地区支线道路estate road ——小区道路rural road ——乡村道路urban road ——城市道路mountain road ——山区道路forestry road ——林区道路rural motorway ——乡区高速公路，乡区汽车（专用）路motorway with tolls ——收费高速公路，收费汽车（专用）路trunk road ——干线公路bridle path ——马道桥梁 bridge公路干道 highway工程工程学 engineering公路工程 highway engineering路基 roadbase路面 pavement构造物建造构成制造 construct施工（名） construction试验室 laboratory现场检测 field test（名）试验检验（不）进行试验 experiment试验检测测量 test质量上流社会的 quality合格，取得资格 qualify材料 material沥青柏油以沥青铺（一般指沥青路）asphalt 沥青（指原材料） bitumen沥青的 bituminous沥青混合料 bituminous mixture混凝土 concrete钢筋混凝土 RC (reinforced concrete)信誉信用贷款 credit进度快慢 tempo计划 plan评定 evaluation检查（名）检验 inspection标准水准规格标准的合格的 standard技术性的工业的 technical技术技巧技术的工艺的专门的 technic水泥 cement碎石路碎石路 macadam砂砾碎石砂砾层 gravel钢筋 reinforcing steel bar或reinfored steel 石石头石场石的石制的 stone检查员 inspector测量（名） measuring测量（及）检测（及）勘测测绘（名）survey设备仪器装置 device申请 application铺路工人 paver经理 manager加强 reinforce（被加强的 reinforced ）sign 签字署名通知list 表名册目录列举tabulation 制表列表表格mapping 绘图制图camera 照相机photo 照片给。

公路工程名词术语中英文对照公路highway道路road公路工程highway engineering公路网highway network公路网密度highway density公路等级highway classification公路自然区划climatic zoning for highway公路用地highway right--of--way高速公路freeway等级公路classified highway辅道relief road干线公路arterial highway支线公路feeder highway专用公路accommodate highway国家干线公路〔国道〕national trunk highway.省级干线公路〔省道〕provincial trunk highway县公路〔县道〕county road乡公路〔乡道〕township road辐射式公路radial highway环形公路ring highway绕行公路bypass交通结构traffic structure交通组成traffic composition混合交通mixed traffic交通流traffic flow交通流理论traffic flow theory车流vehicle stream交通密度traffic density车头间距Space headway车头时距time headway 车间净距vehicular gap延误delay地点速度spot speed行驶速度running speed运行速度operating speed临界速度critical speed平均速度average speed计算行车速度(设计车速) design speed交通量traffic volume年平均日交通量annual average daily月平均日交通量monthly averagedaily traffic年第30 位最大小时交通量thirtiethhighest annual hourly volume年最大小时交通量maximum annualhourly volume设计小时交通量design hourly volume通行能力traffic capacity根本通行能力basic traffic capacity可能通行能力possible traffic capacity设计通行能力design traffic capacity道路效劳水平level of service公路交通规划traffic planning交通调查traffic survey交通量调查traffic volume survey交通量观测站traffic volumeobservation station起迄点调查〔OD 调查〕origin-destination study出行trip境内交通local traffic过境交通through traffic交通发生traffic generation交通分布traffic distribution交通分配traffic assignment交通预测traffic prognosis行车道carriageway别离式行车道Divided carriageway车道lane变速车道speed-change lane加速车道acceleration lane减速车道deceleration lane爬坡车道climbing lane停车道parking lane错车道turn-out lane自行车道cycle path路侧人行道sidewalk分隔带lane separator中央分隔带median divider中间带central strip路肩shoulder；verge路缘带marginal strip路缘石kerb；curb侧向余宽lateral clearance路拱camber；crown路拱横坡crown slope公路建筑限界clearance of highway公路路线highway route公路线形highway alignment平面线形horizontal alignment纵面线形vertical alignment线形要素alignment elements平曲线horizontal curve极限最小平曲线半径limitedminimum radius of horizontal curv复曲线compound curve反向曲线reverse curve断背曲线broken-back curve回头曲线switch-back curve缓和曲线transition curve竖曲线vertical curve弯道加宽curve widening加宽缓和段transition zone of curve超高superelevation超高缓和段superelevation runoff纵坡longitudinal gradient最大纵坡maximum longitudinalgradient最小纵坡minimum longitudinalgradient变坡点grade change point平均纵坡average gradient坡长限制grade length limitation高原纵坡折减highland gradecompensation缓和坡段transition grading zone合成坡度resultant gradient视距sight distance停车视距non-passing sight distance，stopping sight distance超车视距passing sight distance道路交叉road intersection道口railroad grade crossing平面交叉at-grade intersection；gradecrossing正交叉right-angle intersection斜交叉skew intersection环形交叉rotary intersection十字形交叉〞十〞intersectionT 形交叉T intersection错位交叉offset intersection；staggeredjunctionY 形交叉Y intersection立体交叉grade separation别离式立体交叉simple gradeseparation，separate grade crossing互通式立体交叉Interchange目蓿叶形立体交叉full cloverleafinterchange局部目蓿叶形立体交叉cloverleafinterchange菱形立体交叉diamond interchange定向式立体交叉directionalinterchange喇叭形立体交叉three-Leginterchange环形立体交叉rotary interchange匝道ramp交叉口road crossing；intersection交叉口进口intersection entrance交叉口出口intersection exit加铺转角式交叉口intersection withwidened corners拓宽路口式交叉口flared intersection分道转弯式交叉口channelizedintersection渠化交通channelization交织weaving交织路段weaving section合流converging分流diverging冲突点conflict point交通岛traffic island导流岛channelization island中心岛central island平安岛refuge island沿线设施roadside facilities交通平安设施traffic safety device人行横道crosswalk人行地道pedestrian underpass人行天桥pedestrian overcrossing护栏guard fence防护栅guard fence，safety barrier遮光栅anti-dizzling screen应急emergency telephone反光标志reflective sign反光路钮reflective button弯道反光镜traffic mirror道路交通标志road traffic sign警告标志warning sign禁令标志regulatory sign指示标志guide sign指路标志information sign辅助标志auxiliary sign可变信息标志changeable messagesign路面标线pavement marking防雪设施snow protection facilities防沙设施sands protection facilities隔音墙acoustic barrier停车场parking area踏勘reconnaissance可行性研究feasibility study线形设计highway alignment design公路景观设计highway landscapedesign选线route selection路线控制点control point定线location比拟线alternative line展线line development初测preliminary survey定测location survey地貌topographic feature地物culture地形topography台地terrace垭口pass；saddle back平原区plain terrain微丘区rolling terrain重丘区hilly terrain山岭区mountainous terrain沿溪线valley line山脊线ridge line山坡线hill-sideline越岭线ridge crossing line土方调配cut-fill transition土方调配图cut-fill transition program 土方调配经济运距economical hauling distance导线traverse导线测量traverse survey中线center line中线测量center line survey施工测量construction survey竣工测量final survey(路线)平面图plan交点intersection point虚交点imaginary intersection point转点turning point；转角intersection angle方位角azimuth angle象限角bearing 方向角direction angle切线长tangent length曲线长curve length外(矢)距external secant测站instrument station测点observation point中桩center stake加桩additional stake护桩reference stake断链broken chainage水准测量leveling survey水准点benchmark绝对基面absolute datum高程elevation地面高程ground elevation设计高程designed elevation(路线)纵断面图profile中桩填挖高度cut and fill at centerstake地形测量topographic survey基线baseline地形图topographic map等高线contour line横断面测量cross-sectional survey横断面图cross-section坑探pit test钻探boring摄影测量photogrammetry航空摄影测量aerial photogrammetry地面立体摄影测量ground stereophotogrammetry地面控制点测量ground control-pointsurvey航摄基线aerophoto base影像地图photographic map像片索引图(镶辑复照图) photo index航摄像片判读aerophoto interpretation综合法测图planimatric photo全能法测图universal photo微分法测图differential photo像片镶嵌图photo mosaic路基subgrade路堤embankment路堑cutting半填半挖式路基part cut-partfillsubgrade台口式路基benched subgrade路基宽度width of subgrade路基设计高程design elevation ofsubgrade(路基)最小填土高度minimum heightof fill边坡side slope边坡坡度grade of side slope(边)坡顶top of slope(边)坡脚toe of slope护坡道berm边坡平台plain stage of slope碎落台berm at the foot of cuttingslope护坡slope protection挡土墙retaining wall重力式挡土墙gravity retaining wall衡重式挡土墙balance weightretaining wall悬臂式挡土墙cantilever retaining wall扶壁式挡土墙counterfort retainingwall柱板式挡土墙column-plate tetainingwall锚杆式挡土墙anchored retaining wallby tie rods锚碇板式挡土墙anchored bulkheadtetaining wall石笼rock filled gabion抛石riprap路基排水subgrade drainage边沟side ditch截水沟intercepting ditch排水沟drainage ditch急流槽chute跌水drop water蒸发池evaporation pond盲沟blind drain渗水井seepage well透水路堤permeable embankment过水路面ford填方fill挖方cut借土borrow earth弃土waste取土坑borrow pit弃土堆waste bank回填土back--filling黄土loess软土soft soil淤泥mud泥沼moor泥炭peat盐渍土salty soil膨胀土expansive soil冻土frozen soil多年冻土permafrost流砂quicksand软弱地基soft ground强夺法dynamic consolidation预压法preloading method反压护道loading berm砂井sand drain路基砂垫层sand mat of subgrade压实compaction压实度degree of compaction〔标准〕最大干容重maximum dryunit weight相对密实度relative density毛细水capi11ary water土石方爆破blasting procedure抛掷爆破blasting for throwing rock爆破漏斗blasting crater松动爆破blasting for loosening rock爆破作用圈acting circ les of blasting路面pavement弹性层状体系理论elastic multilayertheory〔回弹〕弯沉deflection加州承载比〔CBR 〕Californiabearing ratio, CBR)路面宽度width of pavement路槽road trough刚性路面rigid pavement柔性路面flexible pavement路面结构层pavement structure layer面层surface course磨耗层wearing course联结层binder course基层base course垫层bed course隔水层aquitard隔温层thermal insulating course封层sea1 coat透层prime coat保护层protection course补强层streng thening layer高级路面high type pavement次高级路面sub--high type pavement中级路面intermediate type pavement低级路面low type pavement水泥混凝土路面cement concretepavement沥青路面bituminous pavement沥青混凝土路面bituminous concretepavement沥青碎石路面bituminous macadampavement沥青贯入碎〔砾〕石路面bituminouspenetration pavement沥青外表处治bituminous surfacetreatment块料路面block pavement石块路面stone block pavement泥结碎石路面clay--bound macadampavement水结碎石路面water--bound macadampavement级配路面graded aggregate pavement稳定土基层stabilized soil base course工业废渣基层industrial waste basecourse块石基层Telford base层铺法spreading in layers拌和法mixing method厂拌法plant mixing method路拌法road mixing method热拌泼hot mixing method冷拌法cold mixing method热铺法hot laid method冷铺法cold laid method贯入法penetration method铺砌法pitching method缩缝contraction joint胀缝expansion joint真缝true joint假缝dummy joint横缝transverse Jo1nt纵缝longitudinal joint施工缝construction joint传力杆dowel bar拉杆tie bar路面平整度surface evenness路面粗糙度surface roughness路面摩擦系数friction coefficient of pavement附着力adhesive force水滑现象hydroplaning phenomenon 桥梁bridge公路桥highway bridge公铁两用桥highway and rail transit bridge人行桥pedestrian bridge跨线桥overpass bridge高架桥viaduct永久性桥permanent bridge半永久性桥semi-permanent bridge 临时性桥temporary bridge 钢筋混凝土桥reinforced concretebridge预应力混凝土桥prestressed concretebridge钢桥steel bridge圬工桥masonry bridge木桥timber bridge正交桥right bridge斜交桥skew bridge弯桥curved bridge坡桥bridge on slope斜桥skew bridge正桥right bridge上承式桥deck bridge中承式桥half-through bridge下承式桥through bridge梁桥beam bridge简支梁桥simple supported beambridge连续梁桥continuous beam bridge悬臂梁桥cantilever beam bridge联合梁桥composite beam bridge板桥slab bridge拱桥arch bridge双曲拱桥two-way curved arch bridge空腹拱桥open spandrel arch bridge实腹拱桥filled spandrel arch bridge系杆拱桥bowstring arch bridge桁架桥truss bridge刚构桥rigid frame bridgeT 形刚构桥T-shaped rigid framebridge连续刚构桥continuous rigid framebridge斜腿刚构桥rigid frame bridge withinclined 1egs斜拉桥(斜张桥) cable stayed bridge悬索桥suspension bridge漫水桥submersible bridge浮桥pontoon bridge开启桥movable bridge装配式桥fabricated bridge装拆式钢桥fabricated steel bridge涵洞culvert管涵pipe culvert拱涵arch culvert箱涵box culvert盖板涵slab culvert无压力式涵洞non-pressure culvert压力式涵洞pressure culvert半压力式涵洞partial pressure culvert倒虹吸涵siphon culvert上部结构superstructure主梁main beam横梁floor beam纵梁longitudinal beam，stringer挂梁suspended beam拱圈arch，ring拱上结构spandrel structure腹拱spandrel arch拱上侧墙spandrel wall桥面系floor system，bridge decking桥面铺装bridge deck pavement伸缩缝expansion and contraction joint桥面伸缩装置bridge floor expansionandcontraction installation平安带safety belt桥头搭板transition slab at bridge head下部结构substructure桥墩pier墩身pier body墩帽coping盖梁bent cap破冰体ice apron重力式桥墩gravity pier实体桥墩solid pier空心桥墩hollow pier柱式桥墩column pier排架桩墩pile bent pier柔性墩flexible pier制动墩braking pier单向推力墩single direction thrustedpier桥台abutment台身abutment body前墙front wall翼墙wing walls台帽coping锥坡conical slope耳墙wing wallsU 形桥台U-shaped abutment八字形桥台flare wing wall abutment一字形桥台head wall abutment，straight abutment重力式桥台gravity abutment埋置式桥台buried abutment扶壁式桥台counterforted abutment锚锭板式桥台anchored bulkheadabutment支撑式桥台supported type abutment地基subsoil加固地基consolidated subsoil天然地基natural subsoil根底foundation扩大根底spread foundation沉井根底open caisson foundation管柱根底cylindrical shaft foundation桩根底pile foundation桩pile预制桩precast pile就地灌注桩cast-in-place concrete pile摩擦桩friction pile支承桩bearing pile承台bearing platform支座bearing固定支座fixed bearing活动支座expansion bearing索塔cable bent tower索鞍cable saddle调治构造物regulating structure丁坝spur dike顺坝longitudinal dam桥位bridge site桥梁全长total length of bridge主桥main bridge引桥approach span跨径span桥涵计算跨径computed span桥涵净跨径clear span矢跨比rise span ratio计算矢高calculated rise of arch桥下净空clearance of span桥面净空clearance above bridge floor桥梁建筑高度construction height ofbridge荷载load永久荷载permanent load可变荷载variable load偶然荷载accidental load荷载组合loading combinations车辆荷载标准loading standard fordesign vehicle设计荷载design load施工荷载construction load梁beam简支梁simple-supported beam连续梁continuous beam悬臂梁cantilever beam板slab拱arch桁架truss刚构rigid frame柱column强度strength刚度stiffness，rigidity抗裂度crack resistance稳定性stability位移displacement变形deformation挠度deflection预拱度camber流域catchment basin集水面积runoff area径流runoff水文测验hydrological survey河床river bed河槽river channel主槽main channel边滩side shoal河滩rlood land河床宽度bed width河槽宽度channel width过水断面discharge section水位water level最高(或最低)水位maximum(minimum)water level通航水位navigable water level设计水位design water lever水面比降water surface slope河床比降gradient of river bed湿周weffed perimeter糙率coefficient of roughuess水力半径hydraulic radius水文计算hydrological computation 设计流量designed discharge设计流速designed flow velocity行近流速approach velocity洪水调查flood survey洪水频率flood frequency设计洪水频率designed flood frequency潮汐河流tidal river悬移质suspended load推移质bed material load水力计算hydraulic computation水头water head冲刷scour桥下一般冲刷general scour under bridge桥墩(或台)局部冲刷local scour near pier自然演变冲刷natural scour冲刷系数coefficient of scouring 淤积silting壅水back water流冰ice drift先张法pretensioning method后张法post-tensioning method缆索吊装法erection with cableway悬臂拼装法erection by protrusion悬臂浇筑法cast-in-place cantilevermethod移动支架逐跨施工法span by spanmethod纵向拖拉法erection by longitudinalpulling method顶推法incremental launching method转体架桥法construction by swing浮运架桥法erecting by floating顶入法jack-in method围堰cofferdam护筒pile casing隧道tunnel洞门tunnel portal衬砌tunnel lining明洞open cut tunnel围岩surrounding rork隧道建筑限界structural approachlimit of tunnels明挖法open cut method矿山法mine tunnelling method盾构法shield tunnelling method沉埋法(沉管法) immersed tunnel导坑heading隧道支撑tunnel support构件支撑element support喷锚支护lock bolt support withshotcrete隧道通风tunnel ventilation隧道照明tunnel lighting养护maintenance定期养护periodical maintenance巡回养护patrol maintenance大中修周期maintenance period小修保养routine maintenance中修intermediate maintenance大修heavy maintenance改善工程road inprovement抢修emergency repair of road加固strengthening of structure回砂sand sweeping罩面overlay of pavement路面翻修pavement recapping路向补强pavement strengthening车辙rutting路面搓板surface corrugation路面网裂net-shaped cracking路面龟裂alligator cracking路面碎裂pavement spalling反射裂缝reflection crack路面坑槽pot holes路面冻胀surface frost heave路面沉陷pavement depression路面滑溜surface slipperiness露骨surface angularity啃边edge failure泛油bleeding拥包upheaval拱胀blow up错台faulting of slab ends错位slab staggering滑坡slide坍方land slide崩塌collapse碎落debris avalanche沉降settlement沉陷subsidence泥石流mud avalanche(振动)液化liquefaction翻浆frost boiling岩溶karst沙害sand hazard雪害snow hazard水毁washout好路率rate of good roads养护质量综合值general rating ofmaintenance quality路容road appearance路况road condition路况调查road condition survey路政管理rlad administration民工建勤civilian labourers workingon public project养路费toll of road maintenance养路道班maintenance gang粒料granular material集料(骨料) aggregate矿料mineral aggregate矿粉mineral powder砂sand砾石gravel砂砾sand gravel卵石cobble stone碎石broken stone，crushed stone片石rubble块石block stone料石dressed stone石屑chip工业废渣industrial solid waste结合料binder有机结合料organic binding agent沥青bitumen地沥青asphalt天然沥青natural asphalt石油沥青petroleum asphalt煤沥青coal tar乳化沥青emulsified bitumen氧化沥青oxidized asphalt路用沥青road bitumen无机结合料inorganic binding agent粉煤灰fly ash混合料mixture沥青混合料bituminous mixture沥青混凝土混合料bituminousconcrete mixture沥青碎石混合料bituminous macadammixture沥青砂asphalt sand沥青膏asphalt mastic水泥砂浆cement mortar石灰砂浆lime mortar水泥混凝土混合料cement concretemixture水泥混凝土cement concrete钢筋混凝土reinforced concrete预应力(钢筋)混凝土prestressedconcrete早强混凝土early strength concrete干硬性混凝土dry concrete贫混凝土lean concrete轻质混凝土light-weight concrete纤维混凝土fibrous concrete外掺剂admixture减水剂water reducing agent加气剂air entraining agent早强剂early strength agent缓凝剂retarder钢筋steel bar预应力钢材prestressing steel高强钢丝high tensile steel wire钢铰线stranded steel wire冷拉钢筋cold-stretched steel bar冷拔钢丝cold-drawn steel wire高强螺栓high strength bolt空隙率porosity孔隙比void ratio粒径grain size颗粒组成grain composition细度fineness筛分sieve analysis级配gradation级配曲线grading curve最正确级配optimum gradation含水量water content最正确含水量optimum water content稠度界限consistency limit液限liquid limit塑限plastic limit缩限shrinkage limit塑性指数plasticity index水泥标号cement mark水泥混凝土标号cement concrete mark水泥混凝土配合比proportioning of cement concrete水灰比water cement ratio和易性workability坍落度slump硬化hardening水硬性hydraulicity气硬性air hardening离析segregation徐变creep老化ageing(沥青)稠度consistency (of bitumen) 针入度penetration粘(滞)度viscosity软化点softening point延度ductility闪点flash point溶解度dissolubility热稳性hot stability水稳性water stability油石化asphalt-aggregate ratio含油率bitumen content压碎率rate of crushing磨耗度abrasiveness弹性模量modulus of elasticity回弹模量modulus of resilience劲度(模量) stiffness modulus模量比modulus ratio泊松比Poisson's ratio疲劳试验fatigue test劈裂试验splitting test三轴试验triaxial test 击实试验compaction test触探试验cone penetration test弯沉试验deflection test环道试验circular track test承载板试验loading plate test透水性试验perviousness test车辙试验wheel tracking test马歇尔试验Marshall stability test压实度试验compactness test铺砂法sand patch method硬练胶砂强度试验earth-dry mortarstrength-test软练胶砂强度试验plastic mortarstrength-test(水泥)安定性试验soundness test(ofcement)击实仪compaction test equipment长杆贯入仪penetration test equipment承载板loading plate杠杆弯沉仪beam lever deflectometer路面曲率半径测定仪surface-curvature apparatus路面平整度测定仪vlameter路面透水度测定仪surfacepermeameter五轮仪fifth-wheel tester制动仪skiddometer速度检测器speed detector万能试验机universal testing machine三轴(剪切)仪triaxial shear equipment加州承载比(CBR)测定仪Californiabearing ratio-tester标准筛standard sieves(沥青)针入度仪penetrometer(沥青)粘度仪viscosimeter(沥青)延度仪ductilometer(沥青)软化点仪(环—球法) softeningpoint tester(ring-ball method)闪点仪(开口杯式) flash pointtester(open cup method)马歇尔稳定度仪Marshall stabilityapparatus(沥青混合料)抽提仪bitumen extractor砂浆稠度仪mortar penetration tester坍落度圆锥筒slump cone标准工业粘度计standard concreteconsisto-meter饱和面干吸水率试模saturated-surface-duied moistureretention tester撞击韧度试验机impact toughnessmachine圆盘耐磨硬度试验机wear hardnessmachine狄法尔磨耗试验机Deval abrasiontesting machine洛杉矶磨耗试验机Los Angelesabrasion testing- machine压碎率试模crushing strength tester单斗挖掘机single-bucket excavator推土机bulldozer除根机rootdozer铲运机scraper平地机grader挖沟机trencher耕耘机cultivator松土机ripper松土搅拌机pulvi-mixer稳定土拌和机stabilizer凿岩机rock breaker碎石机stone crusher碎石撒布机stone spreader装载机loader羊足压路机sheep-foot roller手扶式单轮压路机walk behind singledrum蛙式打夯机frog rammer内燃夯实机internal combustioncompactor铁夯(铁撞柱) tamping iron压路机roller振动压路机vibratory roller沥青加热器asphalt heater沥青泵asphalt pump沥青洒布机asphalt sprayer沥青洒布车asphalt distributor沥青混合料拌和设备asphalt mixingplant沥青混合料摊铺机asphalt paver散装水泥运输车cement deliver truck水泥混凝土混合料拌和设备concretemixing plant(水泥混凝土混合料)搅拌运输车concrete deliver truck水泥混凝土混合料摊铺机concretepaver振捣器concrete vibrator水泥混凝土混合料整面机concretefinisher真空泵vacuum pump水泥混凝土路面切缝机concrete Jointcutter水泥混凝土路面锯缝机concrete saw水泥混凝土路面清缝机concrete jointcleaner水泥混凝土路面填缝机concrete jointsealer水泵pump泥浆泵mud pump张拉钢筋油泵prestressed steel bardrawing oil pump砂浆泵mortar pump水泥混凝土混合料泵concrete pump钢筋切断机bar shear钢筋冷轧机cold-rolling mill钢筋冷拉机steel stretcher钢筋冷拔机steel bar cold-extrudingmachine钢筋冷镦机steel bar heading pressmachine钢筋拉伸机steel extension machine钢筋弯曲机steel bar bender钢筋调直机steel straighten machine对焊机butt welder钻孔机boring machine打桩机pile driver拔桩机pile extractor千斤顶jack张拉预应力钢筋千斤顶prestressedsteel bar drawing jack手拉葫芦chain block起重葫芦hoisting block卷扬机hoister缆索吊装设备cableway erectingequipment起重机crane架桥机bridge erection equipment砂筒sand cylinder盾构shield全气压盾构compressed air shield半盾构roof shield隧道掘进机tunnel boring machine全断面隧道掘进机tunnel boringmachine for full section喷枪shotcrete equipment：装碴机mucker盾构千斤顶main jack拉合千斤顶pull-in jacks复拌沥青混合料摊铺机asphaltremixer路面铣削机pavemill回砂车sand sweeping equipment除雪机snow plough装雪机snow Loader洗净剂喷布车detergent spray truck清扫车sweeper洒水车water truck划标线机Line maker振动筛vibrating screen撒布机spreader输送机conveyer提升机elevator翻斗车dump-body car自卸汽车dumping wagon牵引车tow truck拖车头tractor truck挂车trailer平板车flat truck工程车shop truck万能杆件fabricated universal steel members交通规那么traffic rules交通事故traffic accident交通事故率traffic accident rate人口事故率population accident rate 车辆事故率vehicle accident rate运行事故率operating accident rate 交通控制traffic control中央控制台central control unit点控制spot control线控制line control面控制area control交通信号traffic signal交通信号灯traffic signal lamp信号周期signal cycle绿信比split ratio信号相位signal phase相位差phase difference绿波green wave交通监视系统traffic surveillance 交通公害vehicular pollution公司企业常见部门名称英文翻译总公司Head Office分公司Branch Office营业部Business Office人事部Personnel Department(人力资源部)Human Resources Department总务部General Affairs Department 财务部General Accounting Department销售部Sales Department促销部Sales Promotion Department国际部International Department出口部Export Department进口部Import Department公共关系Public Relations Department广告部Advertising Department企划部Planning Department产品开发部Product Development Department研发部Research and Development Department(R&D)秘书室Secretarial Pool 交通标志专用名词中英对照警告标志|| Warning sign禁令标志|| Prohibition sign指示标志|| Mandatory sign指路标志|| Guide sign旅游标志|| Tourist sign标线|| Marking禁止超越线|| No-passing line大型车|| Oversize vehicle小型车|| Light-duty vehicle自行车|| Bicycle非机动车|| Non-motor vehicle公共汽车|| Bus机动车|| Motor vehicle公共汽车优先|| Bus preemption，Bus priority行车道|| Roadway,carriageway超车道|| Overtaking lane硬路肩|| Hard shoulder国道|| National road省道|| Provincial road县道|| County road高速公路|| Expressway起点|| Starting point终点|| End point一般道路|| Ordinary road城市道路|| Urban road**街道|| * * street互通式立交|| * * interchange高架桥|| Viaduct隧道|| Tunnel收费站|| Toll station应急停车带|| Emergency stop area休息处|| Rest area效劳区|| Service area避车道|| Lay-by,Passing bay火车站|| Railway station飞机场|| Airport停车场|| Parking长途汽车站|| Inter-city bus station急救站|| First aid station客轮码头|| Passenger quay餐饮|| Restaurant汽修|| Breakdown service洗车|| Vehicle cleaning加油站|| Filling station|| Telephone轮渡|| Ferry爬坡车道|| Climbing lane追尾危险|| Rear-end collisiondanger保持车距|| Keep space道路交通信息|| Traffic information路面结冰|| Icy pavement小心路滑|| Slippery road be careful陡坡慢行|| Steepdescent,slow-down多雾路段|| Foggy section软基路段|| Weak subgrade大型车靠右|| Oversize vehicle toright注意横风|| Alert to cross wind事故多发点|| Blackspot保护动物|| Protect animal长下坡慢行|| Longdescent,slow-down道路封闭|| Road closed车道封闭|| Lane closed车辆慢行|| Slow down道路施工|| Road construction,Roadworks车辆绕行|| Vehicle by-pass方向引导|| Direction guide落石|| Falling rocks双向交通|| Two-way traffic其他危险|| Other dangers道路或车道变窄|| Carriagewaynarrows堤坝路|| Embankment road限制高度|| Limited height限制宽度|| Limited width禁鸣喇叭|| Silence(No audiblewarning)渡船|| Ferry boat此路不通|| No through road中英对照医学名词医学名词Medical Terminology过敏Allergy健康诊断Gernral Check-upPhysical Examination检查Examination入院Admission to Hospotial退院Discharge from Hospital病症Symptom营养Nutrition病例Clinical History诊断Diagnosis治疗Treatment预防Prevention呼吸Respiration便通Bowel Movement便Stool血液Blood脉搏Pulse, Pulsation尿Urine脉搏数Pulse Rate血型Blood Type血压Blood Pressure麻醉Anesthesia全身麻醉General Anesthesia静脉麻醉Intravenous Anesthesia脊椎麻醉Spinal Anesthesia局部麻醉Local Anesthesia手术Operation切除Resectionlie副作用Side Effect洗净Irrigation注射InjectionX光X-Ray红外线Ultra Red-Ray慢性的Chronic急性的Acute体格Build亲戚Relative遗传Heredity免疫Immunity血清Serum流行性的Epidemic潜伏期Incubation Period滤过性病毒Virus消毒Sterilization抗生素Antibiotic脑波E.E.G洗肠Enema结核反映Tuberculin Reaction华氏Fahrenheit摄氏Celsius, Centigrade中英对照商标术语世界贸易组织?WTO? WORLDTRADE ORGANIZATION关税及贸易总协定?GATT?GENERAL AGREEMENT ONTARIFFS AND TRADE亚太经济合作组织?APEC? ASIAPACIFIC ECONOMICCOOPERATION与贸易有关的知识产权协议?TRIPS?AGREEMENT ON TRADERELATED ASPECTS OFINTELLECTUAL PROPERTYRIGHTS世界知识产权组织?WIPO? WORLDINTELLECTUAL PROPERTYORGANIZATION保护知识产权联合国际局INTERNATIONAL BOARD OFINTELLECTUAL PROPERTYRIGHT保护工业产权巴黎公约PARISCONVENTION FOR THEPROTECTION OF INDUSTRIALPROPERTY商标国际注册马德里协定MADRID AGREEMENT CONCERNING THE INTERNATIONAL REGISTRATION OF MARKS商标注册条约?TRT? TRADE MARK REGISTRATION TREATY商标注册用商品与国际分类尼斯协定NICE AGREEMENT CONCERNING THE INTERNATIONAL CLASSIFICATION OF GOODS AND SERVICES FOR THE PURPOSE OF THE REGISTRATION OF MARKS建立商标图形要素国际分类维也纳协定VIENNA AGREEMENT FOR ESTABLISHING AND INTERNATIONAL CLASSIFICATION OF THE FIGURATIVE ELEMENTS OF MARKS专利合作条约?PCT? PATENT CO－OPERATION TREATY共同体专利公约COMMUNITY 产PATENT CONVENTION斯特拉斯堡协定?SA? STRASBOURG AGREEMENT 工业外观设计国际保存海牙协定THE HAGUE AGREEMENT CONCERNING THE INTERNATIONAL DEPOSIT OF INDUSTRIAL DESIGNS工业外观设计国际分类洛迦诺协定LOCARNO AGREEMENT ONESTABLISHING ANDINTERNATIONALCLASSIFICATION FORINDUSTRIAL DESIGNS商标，外观设计与地理标记法律常设委员会〔SCT〕STANDINGCOMMITTEE ON THE LAWOF TRADEMARKS，INDUSTRIALDESIGN ANDGEOGRAPHICAL INDICATION国际专利文献中心?INPADOC?INTERNATIONAL PATENTDOCUMENTATION CENTER欧洲专利局?EPO? EUROPEANPATENT OFFICE欧洲专利公约EUROPEANPATENT CONVENTION比荷卢商标局TRADE MARKOFFICE OF BELGIUM－HOLLAND－LUXEMBURG法语非洲知识产权组织ORGANIZATION OF AFRICANINTELLECTUAL PROPERTY国际商标协会THEINTERNATIONAL TRADEMARKASSOCIATION中华人民共和国商标法TRADEMARK LAW OF THEPEOPLES REPUBLIC OFCHINA英国商标法TRADEMARKLAW OF UNITED KINGDOMOF GREAT BRITAIN ANDNORTHERN IRELAND美国商标法TRADEMARKLAW OF THE UNITEDSTATES OF AMERICA日本商标法JAPANESETRADEMARK LAW商标TRADE MARK商标局TRADE MARKOFFICCE商标法TRADEMARK LAW文字商标WORD MARK图形商标FIGURATIVEMARK组合商标ASSOCIATEDMARK保证商标CERTIFICATIONMARK集体商标COLLECTIVEMARK著名商标WELL－KNOWNMARK著名商标FAMOUYS MARK近似商标SIMILAR MARK防御商标DEFENSIVEMARK效劳标记SERVICE MARK注册商标REGISTEREDMARK商标注册申请人TRADEMARK REGISTRANT注册申请日APPLICATIONDATE OF TRADE MARK注册申请号APPLICATIONNUMBER商标注册证TRADE MARKREGISTRATION CERTIFICATE商标注册号TRADE MARKREGISTRATION NUMBER商标注册日TRADE MARKREGISTRATION DATE商标注册簿TRADE MARKREGISTERED BOOK注册有效期THE TERM OFVALIDITY商标注册官EXAMINATIONFOR TRADE MARKREGISTRATION注册查询TRADE MARKENQUIRIES注册续展RENEWAL OFTRADE MARK分别申请SEPARATEAPPLICATION重新申请NEWREGISTRATION别行申请NEWAPPLICATION变更申请APPLICATIONREGARDING CHANGES注册代理TRADE MARKAGENCY注册公告TRADE MARKPUBLICATION申请注册APPLICATION FORREGISTRATION续展注册RENEWAL OFREGISTRATION转让注册REGISTRATIONOF ASSIGNMENT变更注册人名义／地址／其它注册事项MODIFICATION OFNAME／ADDRESS OFREGISTRANT／OTHERMATTERS补发商标证书REISSUANCEOF REGISTRATIONCERTIFICATE注销注册商标REMOVAL证明CERTIFICATION异议OPPOSITION使用许可合同备案RECORDALOF LICENSE CONTRACT驳回商标复审REVIEW OFREFUSED TRADEMARK驳回续展复审REVIEW OFREFUSED RENEWAL驳回转让复审REVIEW OFREFUSED ASSIGNMENT撤销商标复审REVIEW OFADJUDICATION ONOPPOSITION异议复审REVIEW OFADJUDICATION ONOPPOSITION争议裁定ADJUDICATIONON DISPUTED REGISTEREDTRADEMARK撤销注册不当裁定ADJUDICATION ONCANCELLATION OFIMPROPERLY REGISTEREDTRADEMARK撤销注册不当复审REVIEWON CANCELLATION OFIMPROPERLY REGISTEREDTRADEMARK处理商标纠纷案件DEALINGWITH INFRINGEMENT优先权PRIORITY注册申请优先日DATE OFPRIORITY注册商标使用人USER OFREGISTERED TRADE MARK注册商标专用权EXCLUSIVERIGHT TO USE REGISTEREDTRADE MARK注册商标的转让ASSIGNMENTOF REGISTERED TRADEMARK商标的许可使用LICENSINGOF REGISTERED TRADEMARK使用在先原那么PRINCIPLEOF FIRST TO USE注册在先原那么PRINCIPLEOF FIRST APPLICATION商标国际分类INTERNATIONALCLASSIFICATION OF GOODS专利PATENT专利权PATENT RIGHT专利权人PATENTEE专利代理PATENT AGENCY产品专利PRODUCTPATENT。

中英术语对照公路highway道路road公路工程highway engineering公路网highway network公路网密度highway density公路等级highway classification公路自然区划climatic zoning for highway公路用地highway right-of-way高速公路freeway; expressway等级公路classified highway辅道relief road干线公路arterial highway支线公路feeder highway专用公路accommodation highway国家干线公路(国道)national trunk highway省级干线公路(国道)provincial trunk highway 县公路(县道)county road乡公路(乡道)township road辐射式公路radial highway环形公路ring highway绕行公路bypass交通结构traffic structure交通组成traffic composition混合交通mixed traffic交通流traffic flow交通流理论traffic flow theory车流vehicle stream交通密度traffic density车头间距space headway车头时距time headway车间净距vehicular gap延误delay地点速度spot speed行驶速度running speed运行速度operating speed临界速度critical speed平均速度average speed计算行车速度(设计车速)design speed交通量traffic volume年平均日交通量annual average daily traffic 月平均日交通量monthly average daily traffic 年第30位最大小时交通量thirtieth highest annualhourly volume年最大小时交通量maximum annual hourly设计小时交通量design hourly volume 通行能力traffic capacity基本通行能力basic traffic capacity可能通行能力possible traffic capacity设计通行能力design traffic capacity道路服务水平level of service公路交通规划traffic planning交通调查traffic survey交通量调查traffic volume survey交通量观测站traffic volume observation station起迄点调查(OD调查)origin-destination study 出行trip境内交通local traffic过境交通through traffic交通发生traffic generation交通分布traffic distribution交通分配traffic assignment交通预测traffic prognosis行车道carriageway分离式行车道divided carriageway车道lane变速车道speed-change lane加速车道acceleration lane减速车道deceleration lane爬坡车道climbing lane停车道parking lane错车道turn-out lane自行车道cycle path路侧人行道sidewalk分隔带lane separator中央分隔带median divider中间带central strip路肩shoulder;verge路缘带marginal strip路缘石kerb;curb侧向余宽lateral clearance路拱camber;crown路拱横坡crown slope公路建筑限界clearance of highway公路路线highway route公路线形highway alignment平面线形horizontal alignment纵面线形vertical alignment线形要素alignment elements平曲线horizontal curve极限最小平曲线半径limited minimum radius of horizontal curve复曲线compound curve反向曲线reverse curve断背曲线broken-back curve回头曲线switch-back curve缓和曲线transition curve竖曲线vertical curve弯道加宽curve widening加宽缓和段transition zone of curve超高superelevation超高缓和段superelevation runoff纵坡longitudinal gradient最大纵坡maximum longitudinal gradient最小纵坡minimum longitudinal gradient变坡点grade change point平均纵坡average gradiant坡长限制grade length limitation高原纵坡拆减highland grade compensation缓和坡段transition grading zone合成坡度resultant gradient视距sight distance停车视距non-passing sight distance,stopping sight distance超车视距passing sight distance道路交叉road intersection;道口railroad grade crossing平面交叉at-grade intersection;gradecrossing正交叉right-angle intersection斜交叉skew intersection环形交叉rotary intersection十字形交叉"+"T形交叉T intersection错位交叉offset intersection; staggered junctionY形交叉Y intersection立体交叉grade separation分离式立体交叉simple grade separation, separate grade crossing互通式立体交叉interchange苜蓿叶形立体交叉full cloverleaf interchange 部分苜蓿叶形立体交叉cloverleaf interchange 菱形立体交叉diamond interchange定向式立体交叉directional interchange喇叭形立体交叉three-Leg interchange环形立体交叉rotary interchange匝道ramp 交叉口road crossing;intersection交叉口进口intersection entrance交叉口出口intersection exit加铺转角式交叉口intersection with widened corners拓宽路口式交叉口flared intersection分道转弯式交叉口channelized intersection渠化交通channelization交织weaving交织路段weaving section合流converging分流diverging冲突点conflict point交通岛traffic island导流岛channelization island中心岛central island安全岛refuge island沿线设施roadside facilities交通安全设施traffic safety device人行横道crosswalk人行地道pedestrian underpass人行天桥pedestrian overcrossing护栏guard fence防护栅guard fence,safety barrier遮光栅anti-dizzling screen应急电话emergency telephone反光标志reflective sign反光路钮reflective button弯道反光镜traffic mirror道路交通标志road traffic sign警告标志warning sign禁令标志regulatory sign指示标志guide sign指路标志information sign辅助标志auxiliary sign可变信息标志changeable message sign路面标线pavement marking防雪设施snow protection facilities防沙设施sands protection facilities隔音墙acoustic barrier停车场parking area踏勘reconnaissance可行性研究feasibility study线形设计highway alignment design公路景观设计highway landscape design选线route selection路线控制点control point定线location比较线alternative line展线line development初测preliminary survey定测location survey地貌topographic feature地物culture地形topography台地terrace垭口pass;saddle back平原区plain terrain微丘区rolling terrain重丘区hilly terrain山岭区mountainous terrain沿溪线valley line山脊线ridge line山坡线hill-side line越岭线ridge crossing line土方调配cut-fill transition土方调配图cut-fill transition program土方调配经济运距economical hauling distance 导线traverse导线测量traverse survey中线center line中线测量center line survey施工测量construction survey竣工测量final survey(路线)平面图plan交点intersection point虚交点imaginary intersection point转点turning point转角intersection angle方位角azimuth angle象限角bearing方向角direction angle切线长tangent length曲线长curve length外(矢)距external secant测站instrument station测点observation point中桩center stake加桩additional stake护桩reference stake断链broken chainage水准测量leveling survey水准点bench mark绝对基面absolute datum高程elevation 地面高程ground elevation设计高程designed elevation(路线)纵断面图profile中桩填挖高度cut and fill at center stake 地形测量topographic survey基线base line地形图topographic map等高线contour line横断面测量cross-sectional survey横断面图cross-section坑探pit test钻探boring摄影测量photogrammetry航空摄影测量aerial photogrammetry地面立体摄影测量ground stereophoto grammetry地面控制点测量ground control-point survey 航摄基线aerophoto base影像地图photographic map像片索引图(镶辑复照图)photo index航摄像片判读aerophoto interpretation综合法测图planimatric photo全能法测图universal photo微分法测图differential photo像片镶嵌图photo mosaic路基subgrade路堤embankment路堑cutting半填半挖式路基part cut-part fill subgrade 台口式路基benched subgrade路基宽度width of subgrade路基设计高程design elevation of subgrade (路基)最小填土高度minimum height of fill 边坡side slope边坡坡度grade of side slope(边)坡顶top of slope(边)坡脚toe of slope护坡道berm边坡平台plain stage of slope碎落台berm at the foot of cutting slope护坡slope protection挡土墙retaining wall重力式挡土墙gravity retaining wall衡重式挡土墙balance weight retaining wall 悬臂式挡土墙cantilever retaining wall扶壁式挡土墙counterfort retaining wall柱板式挡土墙column-plate retaining wall锚杆式挡土墙anchored retaining wall by tierods锚碇板式挡土墙anchored bulkhead retaining wall石笼rock filled gabion抛石riprap路基排水subgrade drainage边沟side ditch截水沟intercepting ditch排水沟drainage ditch急流槽chute跌水drop water蒸发池evaporation pond盲沟blind drain渗水井seepage well透水路堤permeable embankment过水路面ford填方fill挖方cut借土borrow earth弃土waste取土坑borrow pit弃土堆waste bank回填土back-filling黄土loess软土soft soil淤泥mud泥沼moor泥炭peat盐渍土salty soil膨胀土expansive soil冻土frozen soil多年冻土permafrost流砂quicksand软弱地基soft ground强夯法dynamic consolidation预压法preloading method反压护道loading berm砂井sand drain路基砂垫层sand mat of subgrade压实compaction压实度degree of compaction(标准)最大干容重maximum dry unit weight相对密实度relative density毛细水capillary water土石方爆破blasting procedure抛掷爆破blasting for throwing rock爆破漏斗blasting crater松动爆破blasting for loosening rock 爆破作用圈acting circles of blasting路面pavement弹性层状体系理论elastic multilayer theory (回弹)弯沉deflection加州承载比(CBR)California bearing ratio,(CBR) 路面宽度width of pavement路槽road trough刚性路面rigid pavement柔性路面flexible pavement路面结构层pavement structure layer面层surface course磨耗层wearing course联结层binder course基层base course垫层bed course隔水层aquitard隔温层thermal insulating course封层seal coat透层prime coat保护层protection course补强层strengthening layer高级路面high type pavement次高级路面sub-high type pavement中级路面intermediate type pavement低级路面low type pavement水泥混凝土路面cement concrete pavement沥青路面bituminous pavement沥青混凝土路面bituminous concrete pavement 沥青碎石路面bituminous macadam pavement沥青贯入碎(砾)石路面bituminous penetration pavement沥青表面处治bituminous surface treatment块料路面block pavement石块路面stone block pavement泥结碎石路面clay-bound macadam pavement水结碎石路面water-bound macadam pavement级配路面graded aggregate pavement稳定土基层stabilized soil base course工业废渣基层industrial waste base course块石基层Telford base层铺法spreading in layers拌和法mixing method厂拌法plant mixing method路拌法road mixing method热拌法hot mixing method冷拌法cold mixing method热铺法hot laid method冷铺法cold laid method贯入法penetration method铺砌法pitching method缩缝contraction joint胀缝expansion joint真缝true joint假缝dummy joint横缝transverse joint纵缝longitudinal joint施工缝construction joint传力杆dowel bar拉杆tie bar路面平整度surface evenness路面粗糙度surface roughness路面摩擦系数friction coefficient of pavement 附着力adhesive force水滑现象hydroplaning phenomenon桥梁bridge公路桥highway bridge公铁两用桥highway and rail transit bridge人行桥pedestrian bridge跨线桥overpass bridge高架桥viaduct永久性桥permanent bridge半永久性桥semi-permanent bridge临时性桥temporary bridge钢筋混凝土桥reinforced concrete bridge预应力混凝土桥prestressed concrete bridge钢桥steel bridge圬工桥masonry bridge木桥timber bridge正交桥right bridge斜交桥skew bridge弯桥curved bridge坡桥bridge on slope斜桥skew bridge正桥right bridge上承式桥deck bridge中承式桥half-through bridge下承式桥through bridge梁桥beam bridge简支梁桥simple supported beam bridge连续梁桥continuous beam bridge悬臂梁桥cantilever beam bridge联合梁桥composite beam bridge板桥slab bridge拱桥arch bridge 双曲拱桥two-way curved arch bridge空腹拱桥open spandrel arch bridge实腹拱桥filled spandrel arch bridge系杆拱桥bowstring arch bridge桁架桥truss bridge刚构桥rigid frame bridgeT形刚构桥T-shaped rigid frame bridge连续刚构桥continuous rigid frame bridge斜腿刚构桥rigid frame bridge with inclined legs 斜拉桥(斜张桥)cable stayed bridge悬索桥suspension bridge漫水桥submersible bridge浮桥pontoon bridge开启桥movable bridge装配式桥fabricated bridge装拆式钢桥fabricated steel bridge涵洞culvert管涵pipe culvert拱涵arch culvert箱涵box culvert盖板涵slab culvert无压力式涵洞non-pressure culvert压力式涵洞pressure culvert半压力式涵洞partial pressure culvert倒虹吸涵siphon culvert上部结构superstructure主梁main beam横梁floor beam纵梁longitudinal beam, stringer挂梁suspended beam拱圈archring拱上结构spandrel structure腹拱spandrel arch拱上侧墙spandrel wall桥面系floor system, bridge decking桥面铺装bridge deck pavement伸缩缝expansion and contraction joint桥面伸缩装置bridge floor expansion and contraction installation安全带safety belt桥头搭板transition slab at bridge head下部结构substructure桥墩pier墩身pier body墩帽coping盖梁bent cap破冰体ice apron重力式桥墩gravity pier实体桥墩solid pier空心桥墩hollow pier柱式桥墩column pier排架桩墩pile bent pier柔性墩flexible pier制动墩braking pier单向推力墩single direction thrusted pier桥台abutment台身abutment body前墙front wall翼墙wing walls台帽coping锥坡conical slope耳墙wing wallsU形桥台U-shaped abutment八字形桥台flare wing wall abutment一字形桥台head wall abutment, straight abutment重力式桥台gravity abutment埋置式桥台buried abutment扶壁式桥台counterforted abutment锚锭板式桥台anchored bulkhead abutment支撑式桥台supported type abutment地基subsoil加固地基consolidated subsoil天然地基natural subsoil基础foundation扩大基础spread foundation沉井基础open caisson foundation管柱基础cylindrical shaft foundation桩基础pile foundation桩pile预制桩precast pile就地灌注桩cast-in-place concrete pile摩擦桩friction pile支承桩bearing pile承台bearing platform支座bearing固定支座fixed bearing活动支座expansion bearing索塔cable bent tower索鞍cable saddle调治构造物regulating structure丁坝spur dike顺坝longitudinal dam桥位bridge site桥梁全长total length of bridge 主桥main bridge引桥approach span跨径span桥涵计算跨径computed span桥涵净跨径clear span矢跨比rise span ratio计算矢高calculated rise of arch桥下净空clearance of span桥面净空clearance above bridge floor桥梁建筑高度construction height of bridge荷载load永久荷载permanent load可变荷载variable load偶然荷载accidental load荷载组合loading combinations车辆荷载标准loading standard for design vehicle设计荷载design load施工荷载construction load梁beam简支梁simple-supported beam连续梁continuous beam悬臂梁cantilever beam板slab拱arch桁架truss刚构rigid frame柱column强度strength刚度stiffness rigidity抗裂度crack resistance稳定性stability位移displacement变形deformation挠度deflection预拱度camber流域catchment basin集水面积runoff area径流runoff水文测验hydrological survey河床river bed河槽river channel主槽main channel边滩side shoal河滩flood land河床宽度bed width河槽宽度channel width过水断面discharge section水位water level最高(或最低)水位maximum (minimum)water level 通航水位navigable water level设计水位design water lever水面比降water surface slope河床比降gradient of river bed湿周wetted perimeter糙率coefficient of roughness水力半径hydraulic radius水文计算hydrological computation设计流量designed discharge设计流速designed flow velocity行近流速approach velocity洪水调查flood survey洪水频率flood frequency设计洪水频率designed flood frequency潮汐河流tidal river悬移质suspended load推移质bed material load水力计算hydraulic computation水头water head冲刷scour桥下一般冲刷general scour under bridge桥墩(或台)局部冲刷local scour near pier自然演变冲刷natural scour冲刷系数coefficient of scouring淤积silting壅水back water流冰ice drift先张法pretensioning method后张法post-tensioning method缆索吊装法erection with cableway悬臂拼装法erection by protrusion悬臂浇筑法cast-in-place cantilever method移动支架逐跨施工法span by span method纵向拖拉法erection by longitudinal pulling method顶推法incremental launching method转体架桥法construction by swing浮运架桥法erecting by floating顶入法jack-in method围堰cofferdam护筒pile casing隧道tunnel洞门tunnel portal衬砌tunnel lining明洞open cut tunnel围岩surrounding rock 隧道建筑限界structural approach limit of tunnels明挖法open cut method矿山法mine tunnelling method盾构法shield tunnelling method沉埋法(沉管法)immersed tunnel导坑heading隧道支撑tunnel support构件支撑element support喷锚支护lock bolt support with shotcrete隧道通风tunnel ventilation隧道照明tunnel lighting养护maintenance定期养护periodical maintenance巡回养护patrol maintenance大中修周期maintenance period小修保养routine maintenance中修intermediate maintenance大修heavy maintenance改善工程road improvement抢修emergency repair of road加固strengthening of structure回砂sand sweeping罩面overlay of pavement路面翻修pavement recapping路面补强pavement strengthening车辙rutting路面搓板surface corrugation路面网裂net-shaped cracking路面龟裂alligator cracking路面碎裂pavement spalling反射裂缝reflection crack路面坑槽pot holes路面冻胀surface frost heave路面沉陷pavement depression路面滑溜surface slipperiness露骨surface angularity啃边edge failure泛油bleeding拥包upheaval拱胀blow up错台faulting of slab ends错法slab staggering滑坡slide坍方land slide崩塌collapse碎落debris avalanche沉降settlement沉陷subsidence泥石流mud avalanche(振动)液化liquefaction翻浆frost boiling岩溶karst沙害sand hazard雪害snow hazard水毁washout好路率rate of good roads养护质量综合值general rating of maintenance quality路容road appearance路况road condition路况调查road condition survey路政管理road administration民工建勤civilian labourers working on public project养路费toll of road maintenance养路道班maintenance gang粒料granular material集料(骨料)aggregate矿料mineral aggregate矿粉mineral powder砂sand砾石gravel砂砾sand gravel卵石cobble stone碎石broken stone, crushed stone片石rubble块石block stone料石dressed stone石屑chip工业废渣industrial solid waste结合料binder有机结合料organic binding agent沥青bitumen地沥青asphalt天然沥青natural asphalt石油沥青petroleum asphalt煤沥青coal tar乳化沥青emulsified bitumen氧化沥青oxidized asphalt路用沥青road bitumen有机结合料inorganic binding agent粉煤灰fly ash混合料mixture沥青混合料bituminous mixture 沥青混凝土混合料bituminous concrete mixture 沥青碎石混合料bituminous macadam mixture沥青砂asphalt sand沥青膏asphalt mastic水泥砂浆cement mortar石灰砂浆lime mortar水泥混凝土混合料cement concrete mixture水泥混凝土cement concrete钢筋混凝土reinforced concrete预应力(钢筋)混凝土prestressed concrete早强混凝土early strength concrete干硬性混凝土dry concrete贫混凝土lean concrete轻质混凝土light-weight concrete纤维混凝土fibrous concrete外掺剂admixture减水剂water reducing agent加气剂air entraining agent早强剂early strength agent缓凝剂retarder钢筋steel bar预应力钢材prestressing steel高强钢丝high tensile steel wire钢铰线stranded steel wire冷拉钢筋cold-stretched steel bar冷拔钢丝cold-drawn steel wire高强螺栓high strength bolt空隙率porosity孔隙比void ratio粒径grain size颗粒组成grain composition细度fineness筛分sieve analysis级配gradation级配曲线grading curve最佳级配optimum gradation含水量water content最佳含水量optimum water content稠度界限consistency limit液限liquid limit塑限plastic limit缩限shrinkage limit塑性指数plasticity index水泥标号cement mark水泥混凝土标号cement concrete mark水泥混凝土配合比proportioning of cement concrete水灰比water cement ratio和易性workability坍落度slump硬化hardening水硬性hydraulicity气硬性air hardening离析segregation徐变creep老化ageing(沥青)稠度consistency(of bitumen)针入度penetration粘(滞)度viscosity软化点softening point延度ductility闪点flash point溶解度dissolubility热稳性hot stability水稳性water stability油石化asphalt-aggregate ratio含油率bitumen content压碎率rate of crushing磨耗度abrasiveness弹性模量modulus of elasticity回弹模量modulus of resilience劲度(模量)stiffness modulus模量比modulus ratio泊松比Poisson's ratio疲劳试验fatigue test劈裂试验splitting test三轴试验triaxial test击实试验compaction test触探试验cone penetration test弯沉试验deflection test环道试验circular track test承载板试验loading plate test透水性试验perviousness test车辙试验wheel tracking test马歇尔试验Marshall stability test压实度试验compactness test铺砂法sand patch method硬练胶砂强度试验earth-dry mortar strengthtest 软练胶砂强度试验plastic mortar strengthtest (水泥)安定性试验soundness test(of cement)击实仪compaction test equipment长杆贯入仪penetration test equipment承载板loading plate杠杆弯沉仪beam lever deflectometer 路面曲率半径测定仪surface-curvature apparatus 路面平整度测定仪viameter路面透水度测定仪surface permeameter五轮仪fifth-wheel tester制动仪skiddometer速度检测器speed detector万能试验机universal testing machine三轴(剪切)仪triaxial shear equipment加州承载比(CBR)测定仪California bearing ratiotester标准筛standard sieves(沥青)针入度仪penetrometer(沥青)粘度仪viscosimeter(沥青)延度仪ductilometer(沥青)软化点仪(环-球法)softening point tester(ring-ball method)闪点仪(开口杯式)flash point tester (open cup method)马歇尔稳定度仪Marshall stability apparatus (沥青混合料)抽提仪bitumen extractor砂浆稠度仪mortar penetration tester坍落度圆锥筒slump cone标准工业粘度计standard concrete consistometer 饱和面干吸水率试模saturated-surface-dried moisture retention tester撞击韧度试验机impact toughness machine圆盘耐磨硬度试验机wear hardness machine狄法尔磨耗试验机Deval abrasion testing machine 洛杉矶磨耗试验机Los Angeles abrasion testing machine压碎率试模crushing strength tester单斗挖掘机single-bucket excavator推土机bulldozer除根机rootdozer铲运机scraper平地机grader挖沟机trencher耕耘机cultivator松土机ripper松土搅拌机pulvi-mixer稳定土拌和机stabilizer凿岩机rock breaker碎石机stone crusher碎石撒布机stone spreader装载机loader羊足压路机sheep-foot roller手扶式单轮压路机walk behind single drum蛙式打夯机frog rammer内燃夯实机internal combustion compactor铁夯(铁撞柱)tamping iron压路机roller振动压路机vibratory roller沥青加热器asphalt heater沥青泵asphalt pump沥青洒布机asphalt sprayer沥青洒布车asphalt distributor沥青混合料拌和设备asphalt mixing plant沥青混合料摊铺机asphalt paver散装水泥运输车cement deliver truck水泥混凝土混合料拌和设备concrete mixing plant (水泥混凝土混合料)搅拌concrete deliver truck 运输车水泥混凝土混合料摊铺机concrete paver振捣器concrete vibrator水泥混凝土混合料整面机concrete finisher真空泵vacuum pump水泥混凝土路面切缝机concrete joint cutter水泥混凝土路面锯缝机concrete saw水泥混凝土路面清缝机concrete joint cleaner水泥混凝土路面填缝机concrete joint sealer水泵pump泥浆泵mud pump张拉钢筋油泵prestressed steel bar drawing oil pump砂浆泵mortar pump水泥混凝土混合料泵concrete pump钢筋切断机bar shear钢筋冷轧机cold-rolling mill钢筋冷拉机steel stretcher钢筋冷拔机steel bar cold-extruding machine钢筋冷镦机steel bar heading press machine钢筋拉伸机steel extension machine钢筋弯曲机steel bar bender钢筋调直机steel straighten machine对焊机butt welder钻孔机boring machine打桩机pile driver拔桩机pile extractor千斤顶jack张拉预应力钢筋千斤顶prestressed steel bar drawing jack手拉葫芦chain block起重葫芦hoisting block卷扬机hoister缆索吊装设备cableway erecting equipment起重机crane架桥机bridge erection equipment砂筒sand cylinder盾构shield全气压盾构compressed air shield半盾构roof shield 隧道掘进机tunnel boring machine全断面隧道掘进机tunnel boring machine for full section喷枪shotcrete equipment装碴机mucker盾构千斤顶main jack拉合千斤顶pull-in jacks复拌沥青混合料摊铺机asphalt remixer路面铣削机pavemill回砂车sand sweeping equipment除雪机snow plough装雪机snow Loader洗净剂喷布车detergent spray truck清扫车sweeper洒水车water truck划标线机Line maker振动筛vibrating screen撒布机spreader输送机conveyer提升机elevator翻斗车dump-body car自卸汽车dumping wagon牵引车tow truck拖车头tractor truck挂车trailer平板车flat truck工程车shop truck万能杆件fabricated universal steel members 交通规则traffic rules交通事故traffic accident交通事故率traffic accident rate人口事故率population accident rate车辆事故率vehicle accident rate运行事故率operating accident rate交通控制traffic control中央控制台central control unit点控制spot control线控制line control面控制area control交通信号traffic signal交通信号灯traffic signal lamp 信号周期signal cycle绿信比split ratio信号相位signal phase 相位差phase difference绿波green wave交通监视系统traffic surveillance 交通公害vehicular pollution英汉术语对照索引abrasiveness磨耗度absolute datum绝对基面abutment桥台abutment pier制动墩acceleration lane加速车道accidental load偶然荷载accommodation lane专用车道acoustic barrier隔音墙acting circles of blasting爆破作用圈additional stake加桩adjacent curve in one direction同向曲线admixture外加剂adverse grade for safety反坡安全线aerial photogrammetry航空摄影测量aerophoto base航摄基线aerophoto interpretation航摄像片判读ageing老化aggregate集料(骨料)air hardening气硬性alignment design(城市道路)平面设计，线形设计alignment element线形要素alligator cracking路面龟裂allowable rebound deflection容许(回弹)弯沉alternative line比较线anchored bulkhead abutment锚锭板式桥台anchored bulkhead retaining wall锚锭板式挡土墙anchored retaining wall by tie rods锚杆式挡土墙anionic emulsified bitumen阴离子乳化沥青annual average daily traffic年平均日交通量anti-creep heap(厂矿道路)挡车堆anti-dizzling screen防炫屏(遮光栅)antiskid heap(厂矿道路)防滑堆approach span引桥aquitard隔水层arch bridge拱桥arch culvert拱涵arch ring拱圈arterial highway干线公路arterial road(厂内)主干道，(城市)主干路asphalt distributor沥青洒布车asphalt mixing plant沥青混合料拌和设备asphalt paver沥青混合料摊铺机asphalt remixer复拌沥青混合料摊铺机asphalt sand沥青砂asphalt sprayer沥青洒布机asphaltic bitumen地沥青at-grade intersection平面交叉auxiliary lane附加车道average consistency(of soil)(土的)平均稠度average gradient平均纵坡azimuth angle方位角balance weight retaining wall衡重式挡土墙base course基层base line基线basic traffic capacity基本通行能力beam bridge梁桥beam level deflectometer杠杆弯沉仪bearing支座bearing angle象限角bearing pile支承桩bearing platform承台bed course垫层bench mark水准点benched subgrade台口式路基bending strength抗弯强度Benkelman beam杠杆弯沉仪(贝克曼弯沉仪) bent cap盖梁berm护坡道binder结合料binder course联结层bitumell沥青bitumen extractor(沥青混合料)抽提仪bitumen-aggregate ratio油石比bituminous concrete mixture沥青混凝土混合料bituminous concrete pavement沥青混凝土路面bituminous macadam mixture沥青碎石混合料bituminous macadam pavement沥青碎石路面bituminous mixture沥青混合料bituminous pavement沥青路面bituminous penetration pavement沥青贯入式路面bituminous surface treatment(沥青)表面处治blasting crater爆破漏斗blasting for loosening rock松动爆破blasting for throwing rock抛掷爆破blasting procedure土石方爆破bleeding泛油blind ditch盲沟blind drain盲沟block pavement块为路面block stone块石blow up拱胀boring钻探boring log(道路)地质柱状图boring machine钻孔机borrow earth借土borrow pit取土坑boundary frame on crossing道口限界架boundary frame on road道路限界架boundary line of road construction道路建筑限界bowstring arch bridge系杆拱桥box culvert箱涵branch pipe of inlet雨水口支管branch road(城市)支路，(厂内)支道bridge桥梁bridge decking桥面系bridge deck pavement桥面铺装bridge floor expantion and contraction installation桥面伸缩装置bridge girder erection equipment架桥机bridge on slope坡桥bridge site桥位bridge road驮道broken chainage断链broken stone碎石broken back curve断背曲线buried abutment埋置式桥台bus bay公交(车辆)停靠站bypass公交绕行公路cable bent tower索塔cable saddle索鞍cable stayed bridge斜拉桥(斜张桥)cableway erecting equipment缆索吊装设备california bearing ratio(CBR)加州承载比(CBR) california bearing ratio tester加州承载比(CBR)测定仪camber curve路拱曲线cantilever beam bridge悬臂梁桥cantilever retaining wall悬臂式挡土墙capacity of intersection交叉口通行能力capacity of network路网通行能力capillary water毛细水carriage way车行道(行车道)cast-in-place cantilever method悬臂浇筑法cationic emulsified bitumen阳离子乳化沥青cattle-pass畜力车道cement concrete水泥混凝土cement concrete mixture水泥混凝土混合料cement concrete pavement水泥混凝土路面center-island中心岛center lane中间车道center line of road道路中线center line survey中线测量center stake中桩central reserve分隔带channelization渠化交通channelization island导流岛channelized intersection分道转弯式交叉口chip石屑chute急流槽circular curve圆曲线circular road环路circular test环道试验city road城市道路civil engineering fabric土工织物classified highway等级公路classified road等级道路clay-bound macadam泥结碎石路面clearance净空clearance above bridge floor桥面净空clearance of span桥下净空climatic zoning for highway公路自然区划climbing lane爬坡车道cloverleaf interchange苜蓿叶形立体交叉coal tar煤沥青cobble stone卵石coefficient of scouring冲刷系数cohesive soil粘性土cold laid method冷铺法cold mixing method冷拌法cold-stretched steel bar冷拉钢筋column pier柱式墩combination-type road system混合式道路系统compaction压实compaction test击实试验compaction test apparatus击实仪compactness test压实度试验composite beam bridge联合梁桥composite pipe line综合管道(综合管廊) compound curve复曲线concave vertical curve凹形竖曲线concrete joint cleaner(水泥混凝土)路面清缝机concrete joint sealer(水泥混凝土)路面填缝机concrete mixing plant水泥混凝土(混合料)拌和设备concrete paver水泥混凝土(混合料)摊铺机concrete pump水泥混凝土(混合料)泵concrete saw(水泥混凝土)路面锯缝机cone penetration test触探试验conflict point冲突点conical slope锥坡consistency limit(of soil)(土的)稠度界限consolidated subsoil加固地基consolidation固结construction by swing转体架桥法construction height of bridge桥梁建筑高度construction joint施工缝construction load施工荷载construction survey施工测量continuous beam bridge连续梁桥contour line等高线contraction joint缩缝control point路线控制点converging合流convex vertical curve凸形竖曲线corduroy road木排道counterfort retaining wall扶壁式挡土墙counterfort abutment扶壁式桥台country road乡村道路county road县公路(县道)，乡道creep徐变critical speed临界速度cross roads十字形交叉cross slope横坡cross walk人行横道cross-sectional profile横断面图cross-sectional survey横断面测量crown路拱crushed stone碎石crushing strength压碎值culture地物culvert涵洞curb路缘石curb side strip路侧带curve length曲线长curve widening平曲线加宽curved bridge弯桥cut挖方cut corner for sight line(路口)截角cut-fill transition土方调配cut-fill transition program土方调配图cutting路堑cycle path自行车道cycle track自行车道deceleration lane减速车道deck bridge上承式桥deflection angle偏角deflection test弯沉试验degree of compaction压实度delay延误density of road network道路(网)密度depth of tunnel隧道埋深design elevation of subgrade路基设计高程design frequency(排水)设计重现期design hourly volume设计小时交通量design of elevation(城市道路)竖向设计design of vertical alignment纵断面设计design speed计算行车速度(设计车速)design traffic capacity设计通行能力design vehicle设计车辆design water level设计水位designed elevation设计高程designed flood frequency设计洪水频率dislicking treatment防滑处理Deval abrasion testing machine狄法尔磨耗试验机(双筒式磨耗试验机)diamond interchange菱形立体交叉differential photo微分法测图direction angle方向角directional interchange方向式立体交叉diverging分流dowel bar传力杆drain opening泄水口drainage by pumping station(立体交叉)泵站排水drainage ditch排水沟dressed stone料石drop water跌水dry concrete干硬性混凝土ductility(of bitumen)(沥青)延度ductilometer(沥青)延度仪dummy joint假缝dynamic consolidation强夯法economic speed经济车速economical hauling distance土方调配经济运距element support构件支撑。

道路工程术语标准第条道路road供各种车辆和行人等通行的工程设施。

按其运用特点分为公路、城市道路、厂矿道路、林区道路及乡村道路等。

第条公路highway联结城市、乡村，主要供汽车行驶的具备确定技术条件和设施的道路。

第条城市道路city road；urban road在城市范围内，供车辆及行人通行的具备确定技术条件和设施的道路。

第条厂矿道路factories and mines road主要供工厂、矿山运输车辆通行的道路。

第条林区道路forest road建在林区，主要供各种林业运输工具通行的道路。

第条乡村道路country road建在乡村、农场，主要供行人及各种农业运输工具通行的道路。

第条道路工程road engineering以道路为对象而进行的规划、勘测、设计、施工等技术活动的全过程及其所从事的工程实体。

第条道路网road network在确定区域内，由各种道路组成的相互联络、交织成网状分布的道路系统。

全部由各级公路组成的称公路网。

在城市范围内由各种道路组成的称城市道路网。

第条道路(网)密度density of road network在确定区域内，道路网的总里程和该区域面积的比值。

第条道路技术标准technical standard of road依据道路的性质、交通量及其所处地点的自然条件，确定道路应达到的各项技术指标和规定。

第条设计车辆design vehicle道路设计所接受的汽车车型，以其外廓尺寸、重量、运转特性等特征作为道路设计的依据。

第条特种车辆special vehicle外廓尺寸、重量等方面超过设计车辆限界的及特殊用途的车辆。

第条计算行车速度(设计车速) design speed道路几何设计(包括平曲线半径、纵坡、视距等)所接受的行车速度。

第条道路建筑限界boundary line of road construction为保证车辆和行人正常通行，规定在道路的确定宽度和高度范围内不允许有任何设施及障碍物侵入的空间范围。

英汉术语对照索引abrasiveness 磨耗度absolute datum 绝对基面abutment 桥台abutment pier 制动墩acceleration lane 加速车道accidental load 偶然荷载accommodation lane 专用车道acoustic barrier 隔音墙acting circles of blasting 爆破作用圈additional stake 力口桩adjacent curve in one direction 同向曲线admixture 外加剂admixture反坡安全线aerial photogrammetry 航空摄影测量aerophoto base 航摄基线aerophoto interpretation 航摄像片判读ageing老化aggregate集料（骨料） air hardining 气硬性alignment design （城市道路）平面设计，线形设计alignment element 线形要素alligator cracking 路面龟裂allowable rebound deflection 容许（回弹）弯沉alternative line 比较线anchored bulkhead abutment 锚锭板式桥台anchored bulkhead abutment 锚锭板式挡土墙anchored retaining wall 锚杆式挡土墙anionicemulsified bitumen 阴离子乳化沥青annualaverage daily traffic 年平均日交通量anti-creepheap （厂矿道路）挡车堆anti-dizzling screen 防炫屏（遮光栅） antiskid heap （厂矿道路）防滑堆approach span 引桥aquitard隔水层archbridge 拱桥arch culvert 拱涵arch ring 拱圈arterial highway 干线公路arterial road （厂内）主干道，（城市）主干路asphalt distributor 沥青洒布车asphalt mixing plant沥青混合料拌和设备asphalt remixer沥青混合料摊铺机asphalt remixer复拌沥青混合料摊铺机asphalt sand 沥青砂asphalt sprayer沥青洒布机asphaltic bitumen 地沥青at-grade intersection 平面交叉auxiliary lane 附加车道average consistency （of soil）土的）平均稠度average gradient 平均纵坡aximuth angle 方位角balance weight retaining wall 衡重式挡土墙base course 基层base line 基线basic traffic capacity 基本通行能力beam bridge 梁桥beam level deflectometer 杠杆弯沉仪bearing 支座bearing angle 象限角bearing pile 支承桩bearing platform 承台bed course 垫层bench mark水准点benched subgrade 台口式路基bending strength 抗弯强度Benkelman beam杠杆弯沉仪（贝克曼弯沉仪）bent cap 盖梁berm护坡道binder结合料binder course 联结层bitumen 沥青bitumen （沥青混合料）抽提仪bitumen-aggregate ratio 油石比bituminous concrete pavement 沥青混凝土混合料bituminous concrete mixture 沥青混凝土路面bituminous concrete moxture 沥青碎石混合料bituminous macadam pavement 沥青碎石路面bituminous moxture 沥青混合料bituminous pavement 沥青路面bituminous penetration pavement 沥青贯入式路面biuminous surface treatment （沥青）表面处治blasting crater 爆破漏斗blastion for loosening rock 松动爆破blasting for throwing rock 抛掷爆破blasting procedure 土石方爆破bleeding 泛油blind ditch 盲沟欢迎下载blind drain 盲沟block pavement 块料路面block stone 块石blow up拱胀boring车占探boring log （道路）地质柱状图boring machine 钻孔机borrow earth 借土borrow pit 取土坑boundary frame on crossing 道口限界架boundary frame on road 道路限界架boundary line of road construction 道路建筑限界bowstring arch bridge 系杆拱桥box culvert 箱涵branch pipe of inlet 雨水口支管branch road （城市）支路，（厂内）支道bridge桥梁bridge decking 桥面系bridge deck pavement 桥面铺装bridge floor expantion and contraction installation traction installation 桥面伸缩装置bridge gerder erection equpment 架桥机bridge on slope 坡桥bridge site 桥位bridle road 驮道broken chainage 断链broken stone 碎石broken back curve 断背曲线buried abutment埋置式桥台bus bay公交（车辆）停靠站bypass绕行公路cable bent tower 索塔cable saddle 索鞍cable stayed bridge 斜拉桥（斜张桥）Cableway erecting equipment 缆索吊装设备California bearing ratio （CBR）加州承载比（CBR）California bearing ratio tester 加州承载比（CBR）测定仪camber cruve 路拱曲线cantilever beam bridge 悬臂梁桥cantilever beam bridge 悬臂式挡土墙capacity of intersection 交叉口通行能力capacity of network路网通行能力capillary water 毛细水carriage way车行道（行车道）欢迎下载cast-in-place cantilever method 悬臂浇筑法cationic emulsified bitumen 阳离子乳化沥青cattle-pass畜力车道cement concrete 水泥混凝土cemint concrete pavement 水泥混凝土混合料cement concrete pavement 水泥混凝土路面center-island 中心岛center lane中间车道center line of raod 道路中线center line survey 中线测量center stake 中桩central reserve 分隔带channelization 渠化交通shannelization island 导流岛channelized intrersection 分道转弯式交叉口chip石屑chute急流槽circular curve 圆曲线circular curve 环路circular test环道试验city road城市道路civil engineering fabric 土工织物classified highway 等级公路classified highway 等级道路clay-bound macadam 泥结碎石路面clearance 净空clearance above bridge floor 桥面净空clearce of span 桥下净空climatic zoning for highway 公路自然区戈Uclimbing lane爬坡车道cloverleaf interchange苜蓿叶形立体交叉coal tar煤沥青cobble stone 卵石coefficient of scouring 冲刷系数cohesive soil 粘性土cold laid method 冷铺法cold mixing method 冷拌法cold-stretched steel bar 冷拉钢筋column pier 柱式墩combination-type road system 混合式道路系统compaction 压实compaction test 击实试验compaction test apparatus 击实仪compactmess test压实度试验欢迎下载composite beam bridge 联合梁桥composite pipe line综合管道（综合管廊）compound curve 复曲线concave vertical curve 凹形竖曲线concrete joint cleaner （水泥混凝土）路面清缝机concrete joint sealer （水泥混凝土）路面填缝机concrete mixing plant水泥混凝土（混合料）拌和设备concrete paver水泥混凝土（混合料）摊铺机concrete pump水泥混凝土（混合料）泵concrete saw （水泥混凝土）路面锯缝机附录英汉术语对照索引cone penetrantion test 触探试onflict point 冲突点conical slope 锥坡consistency limit （of soil）（土的）稠度界限consolidated subsoil 加固地基consolidation 固结construction by swing 转体架桥法construction height of bridge 桥梁建筑高度construction joint 施工缝construction load 施工荷载construction survey 施工测量continuous beam bridge 连续梁桥contourline 等高线contraction joint 缩缝control point路线控制点converging 合流convex vertining wall 凸形竖曲线corduroy road 木排道counterfout retaining wall 扶壁式挡土墙counterfort abutmen 扶壁式桥台country road乡村道路county road 县公路（县道），乡道creep徐变critical speed 临界速度cross roads十字形交叉cross slope 横坡cross walk人行横道cross-sectional profile 横断面图cross-sectional survey 横断面测量crown路拱crushed stone 碎石crushing strength 压碎值culture 地物culvert 涵洞欢迎下载curb路缘石curb side strip 路侧带curve length 曲线长curve widening平曲线加宽curved bridge 弯桥cut挖方cut corner for sight line （路口）截角cut-fill transition 土方调配cut-fill transition 土方调配图cutting 路堑cycle path自行车道cycle track自行车道deceleration lane 减速车道deck bridge上承式桥deflection angle 偏角deflection test 弯沉试验degree of compaction 压实度delay延误density of road network 道路（网）密度edpth of tunnel 隧道埋深edsign elevation of subgrade 路基设计高程design frequency （排水）设计重现期edsign hourly volume设计小时交通量design of evevation （城市道路）竖向设计design of vertical alignment 纵断面设计design speed计算行车速度（设计车速）design traffic capacity 设计通行能力design vehicle 设计车辆design water level 设计水位desiged dldvation 设计高程designed flood frequency 设计洪水频率deslicking treatment 防滑处理Deval abrasion testion machine狄法尔磨耗试验机（双筒式磨耗试验机）diamond interchange菱形立体交叉differential photo 微分法测图direction angle 方向角directional interchange 定向式立体交叉diverging 分流dowel bar传力杆drain opening 泄水口drainage by pumping station （立体交叉）泵站排水drainage ditch 排水沟dressed stone 料石drop water 跌水欢迎下载dry concrtet干硬性混凝土ductility （of bitumen）（沥青）延度ductilometer （沥青）延度仪dummy joint 假缝dynamic consolidation 强夯法economic speed 经济车速econnomical hauling distance 土方调配经济运距element support 构件支撑elevation高程（标高）embankment 路堤emergency parking strip 紧急停车带emulsified bitumen 乳化沥青erecting by floating 浮运架桥法erection by longitudinal pulling method 纵向拖拉法erection by protrusion 悬臂拼装法erection with cableway 缆索吊装法evaporation pond 蒸发池expansion bearing 活动支座expansive soil 膨胀土expantion joint 胀缝expressway （城市）快速路external destance 夕卜（矢）距fabricated bridge 装配式桥fabricated steel bridge 装拆式钢桥factories and mines road 厂矿道路factory external transportation line 对外道路factory-in road 厂内道路factory-out road 厂外道路fast lane内侧车道faulting of slab ends 错台feeder highway 支线公路ferry 渡口fibrous concrete 纤维混凝土field of viaion 视野fill填方filled spandrel arch bridge 实腹拱桥final survey竣工测量fineness 细度fineness modulus 细度模数fixed bearing固定支座flare wing wall abutment 八字形桥台flared intersection 拓宽路口式交叉口flash闪点flash point tester （open cup method）闪点仪（开口杯式）欢迎下载flexible pavement 柔性路面flexible pier 柔性墩floor system 桥面系flush curb平缘石foot way人行道ford过水路面forest highway 林区公路forest road林区道路foundation 基石出free style road system 自由式道路系统free way高速公路free-flow speed 自由车速freeze road冻板道路freezing and thawing test 冻融试验frost boiling 翻浆frozen soil 冻土full depth asphalt pavement全厚式沥青（混凝土）路面function planting 功能栽植general scour under bridge opening 桥下一般冲刷geological section （道路）地质剖面图geotextile 土工织物gradation 级配gradation of stone （路用）石料等级grade change point 变坡点grade compensation 纵坡折减grade crossing 平面交叉grade length limitation 坡长限制grade of side slope 边坡坡度grade separation 简单立体交叉grade-separated junction 立体交叉graded aggregate pavement 级配路面brader平地机grain composition 颗粒组成granular material 粒料gravel砾石gravity pier （abutment）重力式墩、台gravity retaining wall 重力式挡土墙green belt绿化带gridiron road system棋盘式道路系统ground control-point survey 地面控制点测量ground elevation 地面高程ground stereophotogrammetry 地面立体摄影测量guard post 标柱guard rail 护栏欢迎下载guard wall 护墙gully雨水口gutter街沟（偏沟）gutter apron 平石gutter drainage 渠道排水half-through bridge 中承式桥hard shoulder 硬路肩hardening 硬化hardness 硬度haul road运材道路heavy maintenance 大修hectometer stake 百米桩hedge绿篱height of cut and fill at ceneter stake 中桩填挖高度high strength bolt 高强螺栓high type pavement 高级路面highway 公路highway landscape design 公路景观设计hill-side line山坡线（山腰线）hilly terrain 重丘区horizontal alignment 平面线形horizontal curve 平曲线hot laid method 热铺法hot mixing method 热拌法hot stability （of bitumen）（沥青）热稳性hydraulic computation 水力计算hydraulic computation 水硬性imaginary intersection point 虚交点immersed tunnelling method 沉埋法inbound traffic 入境交通incremental launching method 顶推法industrial district road 工业区道路industrial solid waste （路用）工业废渣industrial waste base course 工业废渣基层inlet 雨水口inlet submerged culvert 半压力式涵洞inlet unsubmerged culvert 无压力式涵洞inorganic binder无机结合料instrument station 测站intensity of rainstorm 暴雨强度intercepting detch 截水沟interchange互通式立体交叉interchange woth special bicycle track 分隔式立体交叉intermediate maintenance 中修欢迎下载intermediate type pavement 中级路面intersection （平面）交叉口intersection angle 交叉角，转角intersection entrance 交叉口进口intersection exit 交叉口出口intersection plan 交叉口平面图intersection point 交点intersection with widened corners 加宽转角式交叉口jack-in method 顶入法kilometer stone 里程碑land slide 坍方lane车道lane-width车道宽度lateral clear distance of curve （平曲线）横净距lay-by紧急停车带level of service道路服务水平leveling course 整平层leveling survey 水准测量light-weight concrete 轻质混凝土lighting facilities of road 道路照明设施lime pile石灰桩line development 展线linking-up road联络线，连接道路liquid asphaltic bitumen 液体沥青liquid limit 液限living fence 绿离load荷载loading berm 反压护道lading combinations 荷载组合loading plate 承载板lading platetest承载板试验local scour near pier桥墩局部冲刷local traffic境内交通location of line 定线location survey 定测。

公路ｈiｇhwａy道路road公路工程higｈwａy enｇｉｎeｅri ｎg公路网ｈｉghｗａy neｔworｋ公路网密度highwaｙdｅｎsｉｔy 公路等级ｈighｗaｙｃlassifｉcaｔioｎ公路自然区划clｉmatiｃzoniｎg for hig ｈｗａy公路用地highwaｙｒiｇht－of－wa ｙ高速公路fｒeｅwaｙ等级公路ｃlasｓiｆｉedｈｉghway辅导rｅlieｆｒoad干线公路arｔerial higｈｗaｙ支线公路ｆeeder highwａy专用公路acodａtiｏｎhighwaｙ国家干线公路（国道) natｉoｎal tｒｕnk hｉghｗａy省级干线公路(省道) prｏvincial trunk hiｇhwａｙ县公路(县道）countｙrｏad乡公路(乡道）towｎshiｐｒｏad辐射式公路rａdial hｉｇhwａy环形公路ｒinｇhigｈway绕行公路ｂypａsｓ交通结构trａffic structuｒe交通组成traffic positｉon混合交通mixeｄtrafｆic交通流trafｆiｃｆｌow交通流理论traffiｃflｏw tｈｅoｒy 车流ｖｅhicle ｓtream交通密度ｔｒａｆfiｃdeｎｓity车头间距sｐace headway车头时距tｉmｅｈｅadｗay车间净距ｖehicuｌarｇap延误ｄelay地点速度spoｔsｐeed行驶速度ｒunｎing speed运行速度poeratinｇspｅeｄ临界速度cｒiｔical ｓpeed平均速度ａverage speeｄ计算行车速度(设计车速) dｅｓign sｐeed交通量traｆfic ｖolume年平均日交通量annual aｖｅraｇｅdaily ｔｒａffiｃ月平均日交通量ｍonｔhly averａｇｅdai ｌy traｆfic年第3０位最大小时交通量ｔhirtiｅth higｈesｔannualｈｏurly volume年最大小时交通量maximｕmａｎｎｕａｌhourly设计小时交通量ｄeｓignｈourlyｖoｌume通行能力ｔraffic caｐａcｉtｙ基本通行能力basiｃtraffic caｐacitｙ可能通行能力ｐosｓiｂle traffiｃｃapacitｙ设计通行能力deｓign traffｉc capａｃity 道路服务水平level oｆｓervice公路交通规划tｒaffiｃpｌanning交通调查trａffic suｒvｅｙ交通量调查traffic volｕme surｖey交通量观测站ｔraffｉc volｕmeobservａｔion ｓtation起迄点调查(OＤ调查）orｉgｉn-destｉnaｔion study出行trｉp境内交通ｌoｃal tｒaffｉc过境交通through trａffiｃ交通发生traffic ｇenｅratｉon交通分布ｔｒaffｉｃdistribu ｔion交通分配trafficａsｓignmenｔ交通预测traffiｃproｇnoｓis行车道ｃaｒｒｉａgewａｙ分离式行车道diｖｉdｅd caｒriagｅw ａy车道lane变速车道sｐeed-ｃhange ｌａne加速车道ａccelｅｒａtiｏn ｌａne减速车道dｅceleｒation lａne爬坡车道cｌｉmbing lane停车道ｐaｒkinｇlane 错车道ｔurｎ-out laｎｅ自行车道ｃycｌeｐath路侧人行道sidewalｋ分隔带ｌａne sepｅrａtｏｒ中央分隔带medｉaｎdｉvider 中间带ceｎtraｌstrip路肩sｈoｕldeｒ;verge路缘带ｍaｒgｉnal ｓtｒip路缘石keｒb;cｕrb侧向余宽lateral cleaｒａnce 路拱cambｅr；croｗn 路拱横坡crowｎｓloｐｅ公路建筑限界clｅarancｅoｆhighwaｙ公路路线highｗａy ｒoute公路线形highｗaｙａlｉgnment平面线形hoｒizontal alignｍeｎt纵面线形verticaｌａｌignme ｎt线形要素ａlignmenｔｅｌemenｔｓ平曲线ｈｏrｉｚontal cuｒve 极限最小平曲线半径limited minｉmum raｄiuｓof hｏｒiｚｏｎtａｌｃurve复曲线ｐoｕndｃuｒve反向曲线reverｓe cｕrvｅ断背曲线ｂroken-back curve 回头曲线sｗiｔch－ｂacｋcｕrｖe缓与曲线transiｔion ｃｕrvｅ竖曲线ｖertiｃal curｖe 弯道加宽curｖｅwidening加宽缓与段ｔｒaｎsiｔion ｚoneｏｆcｕrve超高ｓｕperｅlｅvatiｏn超高缓与段supｅre leｖation rｕｎofｆ纵坡ｌoｎｇitudinal gradｉent 最大纵坡maximuｍloｎgitudinａl ｇrａdieｎｔ最小纵坡ｍｉｎimuｍoｎgitudina ｌgraｄient变坡点graｄe chａｎｇｅpoiｎｔ平均纵坡aｖerａgｅｇradｉanｔ坡长限制grade lengｔh limiｔatｉon 高原纵坡拆减higｈland gradｅｐensation缓与坡段transｉtioｎgｒading zone 合成坡度rｅsultａnt gｒadent视距sｉght ｄistａnce停车视距ｎoｎ-pasｓinｇsight ｄiｓtａｎcｅ;stopｐinｇsｉghｔdistancｅ超车视距passing sigｈt dｉstａnce道路交叉ｒoad iｎtersecｔｉon; 道口ｒａiｌrｏaｄgｒadｅｃroｓsing平面交叉aｔ-grade inteｒｓecｔｉｏｎ;graｄｅcｒoｓｓｉng正交叉righｔ-aｎgle intersecｔｉoｎ斜交叉sｋew intｅｒsectiｏｎ环形交叉ｒoｔarｙiｎtersｅｃｔｉon十字形交叉“+”inｔｅrｓｅctｉoｎT形交叉Ｔintersectiｏn错位交叉offseｔintersｅｃtion;sｔａggｅｒeｄjｕncｔionＹ形交叉Y intersectioｎ立体交叉grade separation分离式立体交叉simplｅｇrade ｓeparatiｏn，separａte grade crｏssiｎg 互通式立体交叉inteｒchange首蓿叶形立体交叉full ｃｌovｅrleafｉnterｃhange部分首蓿叶形立体交叉clｏvｅrleaf interchange菱形立体交叉diamond intｅｒcｈａngｅ定向式立体交叉dｉrectional inｔｅrｃhanｇe喇叭形立体交叉three-leｇinterchａnge环形立体交叉rｏtａry interｃhａnｇｅ匝道ｒamｐ交叉口rｏａｄcｒｏssｉng；intｅrｓecｔion交叉口进口inteｒsｅctioｎentrａnce交叉口出口iｎteｒｓｅｃtion exit加铺转角式交叉口inｔersection wiｔh ｗiｄｅned cｏｒnｅrs拓宽路口式交叉口flareｄinteｒseｃtiｏn分道转弯式交叉口cｈannelizedｉntersection 渠化交通cｈannｅｌｉzatiｏn交织weaviｎg交织路段weaving section合流ｃonveｒging分流diverｇinｇ冲突点ｃonfｌiｃt point交通岛tｒaffic ｉｓland 导流岛ｃhａｎneｌizatiｏn iｓland中心岛ｃenｔral islanｄ安全岛rｅｆｕｇｅiｓｌaｎd沿线设施rｏadsｉde facｉlｉtieｓ交通安全设施ｔｒaffｉc saｆetydevice人行横道crｏsswalｋ人形地道pedestriａn unｄerpaｓs人形天桥pedeｓｔｒian overcroｓsinｇ护栏ｇｕard ｆenｃe防护栅ｇuardｆenｃe,safety bａｒriｅｒ遮光栅anti-dizzling screｅn应急电话emｅrgeｎｃytelephone反光标志reflｅctiｖe ｓiｇｎ反光路钮refｌeｃtｉvｅｂｕtton弯道反光镜traffiｃmirror道路交通标志roaｄtraffiｃsigｎ警告标志ｗarning sｉｇn禁令标志ｒｅgulａtory sign指示标志ｇuidｅｓign指路标志inｆｏrｍａtioｎsign 辅助标志auｘiliarｙsｉｇn 可变信息标志chａngeablｅｍessagesign路面标线pａvｅｍeｎt maｒkｉng防雪设施snow protectｉon faｃilitｉeｓ防沙设施sandｓｐroｔｅctiｏnfacｉlities隔音墙acｏusｔic ｂarｒｉｅｒ停车场parkinｇarｅa踏勘ｒｅcｏｎnａｉsｓａnｃe可行性研究feaｓibiliｔy ｓtudｙ线形设计highway alignmenｔdesｉgn公路景观设计ｈｉghwaｙlaｎｄscapeｄesiｇｎ选线roｕte selectiｏn路线控制点control point定线location比较线aｌｔeｒnaｔｉve lｉｎｅ展线linｅｄevelｏpmeｎｔ初测pｒｅliｍinａrysｕrvey定测loｃａtioｎsｕｒvey 地貌topograｐｈie ｆcaｔurｅ地物cuｌture地形topography台地tｅrrace垭口pass;saddlｅback平原区plain terrain微丘区roｌlｉｎｇterrain重丘区hilly tｅｒrａｉｎ山岭区ｍｏｕｎtaｉnouｓteｒraｉn沿溪线vａｌleｙline山脊线riｄge line山坡线hilｌ-ｓｉde line越岭线ridｇｅcｒｏsｓiｎgｌinｅ土方调配cuｔ-fｉll transition土方调配图ｃut-fill tranｓitioｎｐroｇram土方调配经济运距economicaｌｈauliｎｇdiｓtａｎce导线tｒａverｓｅ导线测量trａveｒｓe surｖey中线ceｎtｅr lｉne中线测量centeｒline survｅy施工测量construｃtｉon suｒvey竣工测量final sｕrｖey(路线)平面图pｌan交点inteｒsectｉｏn ｐｏint虚交点ｉmａginaｒｙinｔeｒsection poinｔ转点turningｐｏiｎt转角intｅrsection anｇle方位角azimuｔｈangle象限角ｂearing方向角ｄirection angle切线长tａngenｔlengtｈ曲线长cｕｒveｌengｔh外（矢)距external secaｎt测站inｓtrumeｎt sｔaｔｉｏｎ测点obsｅｒvatｉoｎpoint中桩ｃenter ｓｔake加桩ａｄｄitiｏnaｌｓtaｋe护桩refereｎce stake断链bｒokｅn cｈａｉnage水准测量levelｌｉng suｒvey水准点bencｈｍaｒk绝对基面absolｕtｅｄatum高程elevatiｏn地面高程ground eleｖation设计高程ｄｅsｉgｎｅd ｅlevatiｏｎ（路线)纵断面图ｐｒｏfiｌｅ中桩填挖高度cuｔａnd fill ａｔcｅnter sｔａke地形测量topograｐhic suｒvey基线base line地形图ｔoｐｏｇｒaｐｈic ｍａp 等高线ｃoｎtoｕｒlinｅ横断面测量ｃross－sectｉonaｌsurｖey横断面图cross-sｅction坑探pit test钻探boｒiｎg摄影测量ｐｈotogrａmmeｔｒy航空摄影测量aeｒial ｐhotogrａｍｍｅtｒy 地面立体摄影测量grouｎd steｒeoｐｈoｔo ｇｒaｍｍetｒy地面控制点测量ground cｏｎtrｏl-pointｓurvｅｙ航摄基线ａｅropｈoto ｂａｓe 影像地图phoｔｏｇｒaphiｃmap像片索引图(镶辑复照图) ｐhoto inｄex航摄像片判读aｅrｏphotｏinteｒpr ｅtaｔioｎ综合法测图ｐｌａniｍａtriｃphoto全能法测图univerｓaｌpｈoto微分法测图difｆereｎｔiaｌp ｈｏto像片镶嵌图photo mｏsaiｃ路基subgradｅ路堤emｂankｍent路堑ｃｕtting半填半挖式路基part cut-ｐartfiｌl su ｂgrade台口式路基bencｈｅｄｓubgrade路基宽度ｗｉdth of sｕbgrad ｅ路基设计高程design elｅｖatiｏn of subｇradｅ(路基)最小填土高度mｉniｍum heigｈt of filｌ边坡sｉde slope边坡坡度ｇrade oｆsidｅｓlope(边)坡顶tｏp of sｌope (边）坡脚toe of slopｅ护坡道ｂeｒm边坡平台plain ｓtage oｆｓloｐｅ碎落台berm aｔtｈe fooｔo ｆcuｔtinｇslope护坡sloｐｅｐrotectioｎ挡土墙ｒetaining wall重力式挡土墙ｇraviｔy retaining waｌｌ横重式挡土墙balａnｃｅweiｇht rｅtaining wall悬臂式挡土墙caｎｔileveｒretaｉning ｗalｌ扶壁式挡土墙countｅｒfｏrｔreｔaining wａll柱板式挡土墙column-pｌaｔe rｅtaini ｎg wall锚杆式挡土墙ａｎchorｅｄreｔainiｎｇwalｌby tｉe rｏｄs锚碇板式挡土墙aｎchoreｄbｕlkhｅaｄreｔainiｎg walｌ石笼rocｋｆｉlleｄgabi ｏn抛石ｒiprap路基排水subｇrade dｒａｉnａｇｅ边沟sidｅditch截水沟iｎｔｅrcepting dｉｔch排水沟drainage ｄitｃh急流槽ｃhｕte跌水ｄrop water蒸发池evaｐorａｔion pond盲沟bｌiｎｄdraｉｎ渗水井seepaｇｅwelｌ透水路堤ｐermｅabｌe embankment过水路面ford填方fill挖方cｕt借土ｂorrow earth弃土waｓte取土坑bｏrrow ｐit弃土堆wastｅｂaｎｋ回填土bａcｋ-fｉｌliｎg黄土loｅss软土soｆt soil淤泥mud泥沼moor泥炭pｅat盐渍土ｓａlｔｙsoil膨胀土ｅxpａｎsive soil冻土ｆrozeｎsｏil流砂ｑuiｃｋｓand软弱地基sｏft grounｄ强夯法dynamic ｃonsｏlｉdatioｎ预压法prｅlｏading methoｄ反压护道loａｄing ｂｅrm砂井sand ｄraiｎ路基沙垫层sand ｍaｔof subgｒaｄｅ压实paｃtion压实度deｇｒｅｅｏf pacｔion(标准)最大干容重maximum ｄry unｉｔwe ｉght相对密实度ｒelatｉvｅdensiｔy毛细水capillａrｙwater土石方爆破blastinｇcｒａteｒ抛掷爆破ｂlastｉnｇfｏr thrｏwing rock爆破漏斗bｌaｓting ｃrater松动爆破blaｓtinｇｆor looｓeninｇrocｋ爆破作用圈aｃting cirｅles of ｂlastin ｇ路面pａvｅｍenｔ弹性层状体系理论ｅｌastic ｍultiｌayer theory （回弹）弯沉deflectioｎ加州承载比(ＣBR)Caｌifｏrnｉａbｅａｒiｎｇｒatio(CBＲ)路面宽度widtｈof pavｅmenｔ路槽road ｔｒough刚性路面ｒiｇｉｄｐavement柔性路面flexiｂleｐａvemｅnt 路面结构层pavement strｕcｔure layｅr面层surface cｏurse磨耗层ｗearing ｃouｒse联结层bｉｎder couｒsｅ基层bａｓe course垫层bed ｃoｕrse隔水层ａｑｕitaｒd隔温层thｅrmａl insｕlａtｉng cｏｕrsｅ封层seal coａt透层ｐrｉme ｃoat保护层ｐrｏtecｔion cｏurｓｅ补强层strｅng ｔhening ｌayeｒ高级路面ｈigｈtypeｐavement 次高级路面suｂ－high ｔypｅpavem ｅnt中级路面intｅrmediate type pａve ｍent低级路面low ｔyｐe pavemenｔ水泥混凝土路面ｃeｍeｎt cｏncrｅtｅpａｖement沥青路面ｂｉtuｍiｎous pavement沥青混凝土路面bitumｉｎouｓconｃretｅｐavemｅnt沥青碎石路面bituminｏus ｍacadａｍpavｅment沥青贯入碎（砾)石路面ｂitumiｎｏus penetrａｔionpａｖemeｎt沥青表面处治bｉtｕmｉｎous suｒface t ｒeａtmeｎt块料路面blocｋｐaveｍeｎｔ石块路面ｓtoｎｅbｌoｃk pavemｅnt泥结碎石路面cｌay-bouｎd macadam paveｍent水结碎石路面wａtｅｒ-ｂounｄｍacａdam pavement级配路面ｇraｄeｄaggｒegａte pａｖemｅnt稳定土基层ｓｔａbilizeｄｓｏｉl bas ｅcourse工业废渣基层indｕsｔrｉal waste ｂaｓｅcｏurse块石基层ｔelforｄbaｓｅ层铺法spreａdiｎｇin ｌａyers拌与法mixing ｍethｏd厂拌法pｌant ｍixiｎg metｈod路拌法ｒｏaｄmixing mｅthod 热拌法hot mixinｇmeｔｈod冷拌法cｏlｄmixing method贯入法pｅｎetratiｏn meｔhoｄ铺砌法piｔcｈｉｎg method缩缝coｎｔracｔioｎjｏinｔ胀缝ｅxpansion ｊoｉnt真缝true ｊoint假缝dｕmmy joinｔ横缝tｒaｎsvｅｒｓｅjoint纵缝lｏngituｄinal ｊoint施工缝conｓｔruction joint传力杆dｏweｌｂａr拉杆tie bar路面平整度surｆace ｅvｅnnesｓ路面粗糙度sｕrface roｕｇhness路面摩擦系数frictioｎｃoefficｉent of ｐa ｖemｅnt附着力adhｅsive ｆorcｅ水滑现象ｈydｒｏplaningｐｈｅｎo ｍenon桥梁briｄｇe公路桥highｗａy brｉｄge公铁两用桥hiｇｈwａy ａnｄrail ｔransit bridge人形桥ｐedestriaｎbridｇｅ跨线桥ｏveｒpass briｄge高架桥viaducｔ永久性桥permanent bridge半永久性桥ｓemi-permaｎｅnt bridge 临时性桥ｔeｍｐｏrary ｂｒｉdge钢筋混凝土桥reinｆorced coｎcｒｅtｅb ｒiｄge预应力混凝土桥preｓｔrｅsｓeｄｃoｎｃrete brｉdge钢桥ｓteｅl brｉdgｅ圬工桥mａsｏnrｙbｒｉdgｅ木桥timber ｂridgｅ正交桥riｇｈt bridge斜交桥sｋew bridgｅ弯桥curveｄbridｇe坡桥bｒiｄgｅon sｌopｅ斜桥sｋew briｄge正桥ｒiｇhｔbrｉdge上承式桥dｅck ｂridge中承式桥ｈalf-thｒough briｄge下承式桥through bridge梁桥beａm bｒｉdge简支梁桥simple ｓupportｅd ｔeam ｂｒｉdgｅ连续梁桥coｎｔinuous ｂeaｍbｒid ｇｅ悬臂梁桥cantｉleｖer bｅam bｒｉdge联合梁桥posite bｅam bridge板桥slａb bridge拱桥arcｈｂｒiｄge双曲拱桥two-ｗay cｕrved ａｒch bridgｅ空腹拱桥open sｐaｎdreｌarch b ｒiｄge实腹拱桥fｉllｅd ｓｐandrel arch bridge系杆拱桥ｂowstriｎｇarｃh bridge桁架桥trｕｓs brｉdge钢构桥rigiｄfｒａmeｂridｇｅT形钢构桥T－sｈａpｅd rigid frame brｉｄgｅ连续钢构桥continuousｒｉｇid ｆｒame bridge斜腿钢构桥ｒiｇiｄfraｍｅbriｄgewitｈinclinｅd ｌｅgｓ斜拉桥(斜张桥) cａble stayｅｄbrｉdｇe 悬索桥suｓpension briｄgｅ漫水桥submersiｂle bridgｅ浮桥ponｔooｎｂridge开启桥mｏvable ｂｒｉｄge装配式桥ｆａｂｒicateｄbridge装拆式钢桥fａbｒiｃateｄstｅｅｌbriｄgｅ涵洞culｖert管涵piｐe ｃuｌｖｅrt拱涵ａｒｃh cuｌvｅrt箱涵bｏx culvert盖板涵slaｂculvert无压力式涵洞ｎoｎ-pｒesｓuｒｅculvert 压力式涵洞pｒessuｒｅculvｅrt半压力式涵洞partialｐreｓsurｅculvｅrｔ倒虹吸涵ｓiphｏnｃuｌｖert上部结构superstrｕcture主梁mａin beam横梁floｏrｂeａｍ纵梁lｏngiｔｕdｉnal ｂeaｍ,sｔrｉｎgｅr挂梁susｐendｅd ｂeａｍ拱圈arcｈ,ｒｉng拱上结构ｓpａnｄrel struｃｔure腹拱spａndrel ａrch拱上侧墙ｓpandrel wall桥面系floｏr sｙsｔｅm,ｂridｇe deckｉnｇ桥面铺装ｂridgｅｄｅcｋpａvｅｍeｎt伸缩缝expａnｓiｏn and ｃontraction jｏint桥面伸缩装置ｂrｉdgeｆloor ｅxpansｉon anｄｃｏｎtraction inｓｔaｌlａtiｏn安全带afｅty ｂelt桥头搭板transition slaｂat bridge hｅａd下部结构subsｔructure桥墩pieｒ墩身pier body墩帽cｏｐｉｎg盖梁beｎt cａp破冰体iｃe apron重力式桥墩gravitｙｐieｒ实体桥墩ｓoｌid ｐier空心桥墩hollow pier柱式桥墩column pieｒ排架桩墩pileｂent pｉer柔性墩ｆlｅxｉbｌe pｉｅr制动墩brakiｎg ｐier单向推力墩singｌｅdirｅctｉoｎthｒusteｄpｉer桥台ａbuｔｍｅｎt台身ａbｕtment ｂoｄy前墙frｏnｔwalｌ翼墙ｗing wａlls台帽coping锥坡cｏnical slope耳墙wｉngｗalｌsＵ形桥台Ｕ-shaｐed ａbｕtment八字形桥台flare wｉngｗall abuｔmenｔ一字形桥台head waｌｌabutment，ｓｔrａight ａｂuｔment重力式桥台ｇｒaｖity abutment埋置式桥台buried abuｔmeｎt扶壁式桥台ｃｏuｎｔerfortｅd abutment 锚锭板式桥台anchored bｕlｋｈｅad ab ｕtmenｔ支撑式桥台suｐpｏrｔeｄtype abutment地基ｓubsｏil加固地基coｎsolｉdatｅd sｕbsoｉl 天然地基naturaｌsubｓoil基础ｆounｄａtiｏn扩大基础spreａd foundatｉｏn沉井基础open caission ｆoundation 管柱基础cylinｄｒｉｃaｌshａft ｆoundatｉon桩基础pile pouｎdaｔiｏn桩ｐiｌe预制桩preｃast pｉle就地灌注桩cast-in-place concｒete pｉle 摩擦桩fricｔｉon pilｅ支承桩bearｉnｇpilｅ承台ｂｅａrinｇpｌａtform 支座beaｒing固定支座fixed bearｉnｇ活动支座exｐａnsion ｂｅａｒing 索塔ｃable benｔtｏwｅr 索鞍cablｅsaｄｄle调治构造物regulaｔｉng structure丁坝spur ｄｉｋe顺坝loｎgｉtudinal dam桥位briｄgｅsiｔe桥梁全长ｔoｔal ｌength oｆｂr ｉdgｅ主桥main bridgｅ引桥appｒoacｈsｐａn跨径spａn桥涵计算跨径puteｄspan桥涵净跨径ｃlear spaｎ矢跨比rise spaｎratiｏ计算矢高ｃalｃulaｔed rｉsｅｏf a ｒcｈ桥下净空cleａraｎce of span桥面净空ｃlearancｅａboｖe bridge floor桥梁建筑高度cｏｎstruｃtion height of b ｒidge荷载load永久荷载permanentｌoad可变荷载vａriable loａd偶然荷载ａccidenｔal lｏａd荷载组合loadinｇbinaｔions车辆荷载标准ｌoａdinｇstaｎdａrｄfor design vcｈicle设计荷载dｅｓｉｇn load施工荷载conｓtrｕctioｎlｏad梁ｂeam简支梁simple－sｕpported beam连续梁ｃontｉnuous beam悬臂梁caｎtｉlever beam板sｌab拱ａrch桁架trusｓ刚构rigiｄframｅ柱coｌｕmn强度ｓtreｎｇth刚度sｔiｆfness ，ｒiｇidity 抗裂度crａcｋresistance稳定性stａbｉｌity位移diｓpｌacemeｎt变形ｄｅfｏｒｍation挠度ｄｅfｌｅcｔｉｏn预拱度ｃambｅr流域ｃatｃｈｍent baｓin集水面积runofｆarｅa径流ｒuｎoff水文测验hyｄrｏlogｉcalｓurvey 河床rｉveｒbed河槽river channel主槽ｍaｉn ｃｈannel边滩sidｅsｈoａl河滩rloｏd laｎd河床宽度ｂed width河槽宽度channｅl wｉdth过水断面ｄisｃｈａrge secｔｉon水位water leｖｅl最高（或最低)水位ｍaｘiｍｕm(miｎimum)wａter level通航水位ｎａvigablｅwaｔer ｌeveｌ设计水位desiｇｎｗateｒlｅvel水面比降waｔer surface slope河床比降gradｉent of riｖer beｄ湿周weffｅd perimeｔｅｒ糙率coｅｆｆiｃiｅnt oｆrougｈuesｓ水力半径hｙｄraｕliｃradius水文计算hｙｄroloｇiｃalｐutａt ｉon设计流量desiｇnｅd dｉｓchａrge 设计流速designeｄflｏw vｅloc ｉｔｙ行近流速apｐrｏach vｅloｃity洪水调查ｆloor survey洪水频率flｏor fｒequencｙ设计洪水频率ｄeｓｉgｎed floｏd fre ｑｕｅnｃy潮汐河流ｔｉdal river悬移质ｓｕspｅnded load推移质bed ｍatｅriaｌloａd水力计算hｙdｒaulｉc pｕtatiｏn 水头ｗａｔer heａｄ冲刷ｓｃoｕr桥下一般冲刷gｅnerａl sｃｏur undｅｒｂrｉｄｇe桥墩(或墩台)局部冲刷local scｏur neａr piｅr自然演变冲刷natural ｓcoｕｒ冲刷系数coeffｉciｅnt of ｓcouｒing 淤积silｔing壅水bacｋwaｔer流冰ｉｃe drｉft先张法ｐrｅtｅnsiｏniｎg metho ｄ后张法pｏst-teｎsｉoniｎg mｅthod缆索吊装法ｅｒｅｃtion wｉtｈcableway悬臂拼装法erectioｎｂy pｒotｒusｉｏn 悬臂浇筑法cａｓt－ｉn-ｐｌａｃe can ｔileｖer maｔhod移动支架逐跨施工法spaｎbｙspan ｍethｏｄ纵向拖拉法ｅｒectｉｏｎbylongtitudｉｎal pulｌｉng ｍeｔhod顶推法incrｅmentaｌlaunｃhing method转体架桥法construction by swiｎg浮运架桥法erｅcting by ｆｌｏatiｎg顶入法jaｃｋ-ｉｎmetｈod围堰cofferdａｍ护筒pilｅcasing隧道tuｎnel洞门tunｎel ｐorｔal衬砌tunnel lｉｎing明洞oｐeｎcut tunｎel围岩suｒｒｏｕｎｄｉnｇrork 隧道建筑限界strｕcturａｌapｐroacｈlimｉt ｏf runnｅｌs明挖法ｏpenｃut metｈｏd矿山法mine ｔｕｎnellｉnｇmethod盾构法shｉｅld tunnelｉnｇｍethod沉埋法（沉管法) lmmersed tunnｅl导坑headｉnｇ隧道支撑ｔｕｎnｅl ｓｕpporｔ构件支撑ｅlｅmeｎt sｕppoｒt喷锚支护lｏｃk ｂoｌｔsuppｏrt with sｈoｔcｒete隧道通风tuｎnｅl venｔilation隧道照明tuｎnel lｉghtiｎg养护ｍainｔenanｃe定期养护periodicaｌmａintｅnaｎce巡回养护patrol maｉｎtｅnance大中修周期maｉntenａncｅｐerｉod小修保养rｏuｔine mａiｎtｅnanｃe中修intermediate mａｉntenanｃe 大修heａvy mａinteｎａｎce改善工程road iｎproveｍeｎt抢修emergency reｐａｉｒoｆrｏad加固strｅngｔhening of sｔru ｃｔure回砂sａnd sweｅping罩面ｏverlay of ｐａｖemｅnt路面翻修ｐavｅmｅnt recappiｎｇ路向补强pavemeｎt strｅnｇtheninｇ车辙rｕtｔinｇ路面搓板suｒfaｃe coｒｒuｇatｉoｎ路面网裂nｅt-ｓhapｅｄcracking 路面龟裂aｌligatｏｒcｒacｋing路面碎裂ｐavemeｎｔsｐａllｉng反射裂缝reflｅｃtioｎcrａck路面坑槽pｏt holes路面冻胀suｒfaｃｅfrost ｈeaｖe路面沉陷ｐavemeｎt depression路面滑溜suｒｆacｅsｌipｐｅriｎess露骨suiface angularity啃边edge faｉｌurｅ泛油bleｅｄiｎg拥包upｈｅaval拱胀blow up错台ｆａuｌｔｉnｇof slａｂｅｎｄs错位ｓｌａb staggeriｎg 滑坡sｌｉde坍方ｌaｎd sｌide崩塌ｃollapse碎落ｄebｒis avａlanchｅ沉降seｔｔlｅｍeｎt沉陷sｕbｓidｅnce泥石流ｍｕd avalａnｃhe(振动)液化liqueｆａｃtion翻浆frostｂoiling岩溶karst沙害sandｈａzａrｄ雪害snｏw hazarｄ水毁washoｕt好路率rａte ｏf goｏdｒoad养护质量综合值generaｌtａtiｎg of mａｉnｔｅnancｅquality路容road appearanｃe路况road coｎｄitioｎ路况调查ｒoad ｃｏｎｄｉtioｎsu ｒvey路政管理rｌad administraｔion民工建勤cｉvｉliａn labｏureｒｓｗorkinｇoｎｐublｉc pｒoject 养路费toｌｌoｆｒoａd mａintenａnce养路道班ｍaintｅnance ｇａng粒料grａnulａr mateｒiaｌ集料(骨料) ａgｇregaｔe矿料ｍiｎｅralａggreｇat ｅ矿粉mｉnｅral pｏｗder砂ｓａnd砾石graveｌ砂砾sanｄgraｖｅl卵石cｏbble stone碎石broken stonｅ,crusheｄstｏne片石rubｂle块石block stone料石dｒessｅd ｓtone石屑ｃhip工业废渣industrial ｓoliｄwａｓte结合料bindｅｒ有机结合料ｏｒganiｃbinｄing aｇｅnｔ沥青bitumen地沥青ａsphaｌｔ天然沥青ｎaｔｕｒal ａｓpｈａlｔ石油沥青petｒoleum ａsｐｈalt煤沥青coal tar乳化沥青eｍuｌｓifieｄbiｔｕmeｎ氧化沥青oxｉdiｚｅｄasphalt路用沥青roaｄbiｔｕｍeｎ无机结合料inoｒganic biｎdｉnｇａｇent粉煤灰flｙaｓh混合料ｍixｔurｅ沥青混合料bｉtuｍinoｕｓmixture 沥青混凝土混合料ｂituminous coｎcrｅte ｍixture沥青碎石混合料bituminous macaｄam ｍｉxt ｕre沥青砂aspｈａｌt saｎd沥青膏asphalt ｍastic水泥砂浆ceｍｅnt mｏrtar石灰砂浆limｅｍｏｒtar水泥混凝土混合料cement coｎcrｅte mixture水泥混凝土ｃｅmenｔcoｎcｒｅte钢筋混凝土reｉnforced ｃoncrete预应力（钢筋）混凝土ｐreｓtressed cｏncｒｅｔe 早强混凝土early streｎgtｈconcreｔe干硬性混凝土dry ｃｏncreｔｅ贫混凝土ｌean concretｅ轻质混凝土light-weｈｇｈｔｃｏnｃrｅte纤维混凝土fibrous concｒｅtｅ外掺剂ａdmｉxｔure减水剂watｅr reｄuciｎg aｇｅnt加气剂aｉr entｒainingａgenｔ早强剂earlｙstｒｅnｇth agent 缓凝剂retardeｒ钢筋steｅl baｒ预应力钢材prｅstressing steeｌ高强钢丝hｉｇh teｎsile sｔeel wi ｒｅ钢铰线strandｅd steｅl wirｅ冷拉钢筋cold－sｔretched steel bar 冷拔钢丝ｃｏｌd－drawn steeｌwｉre高强螺栓ｈｉgh stｒenｇth bｏlt空隙率ｐoroｓity孔隙比void ｒatio粒径ｇｒaｉn sizｅ颗粒组成gｒaiｎposition细度fiｎeness筛分ｓｉevｅanａlysｉs级配gradatｉon级配曲线gradｉｎg curve最佳级配optimum graｄation含水量wａter contｅnt最佳含水量ｏptimum waｔer content 稠度界限cｏnsiｓteｎｃｙlimit液限ｌｉｑuid limit塑限ｐlasｔｉc limit缩限shrinkagｅliｍｉt塑性指数plasticity index水泥标号cement mａrk水泥混凝土标号cemｅnｔconcｒete ｍaｒk 水泥混凝土配合比pｒｏpoｒｔionｉng of cement concrete水灰比wateｒcement ｒaｔio与易性ｗｏｒkabｉｌlty坍落度slump硬化hａrdｅniｎｇ水硬性ｈydrauｌicity气硬性ａir ｈａrｄening离析seｇregatiｏｎ徐变cｒeｅp老化ageing(沥青）稠度cｏnsistenｃy （of bitumen)针入度penetｒation粘（滞)度ｖｉscｏsity软化点softeniｎg poiｎｔ延度ｄuctilitｙ闪点fｌash poｉnt溶解度dｉsｓoluｂiｌity热稳性hot stabｉlitｙ水稳性waｔｅr stabiｌity油石化ａｓphalt－ａggrｅｇａte ｒatｉｏ含油率ｂitｕｍeｎcoｎtenｔ压碎率rate of crusｈing磨耗率ａｂrasiｖｅｎｅss弹性模量mｏdulus of eｌastiｃity回弹模量modｕｌus oｆresｉlｉenｃe 劲度(模量) ｓtｉfｆｎess moｄuｌuｓ模量比moｄuｌus ｒatiｏ泊松比poisson’s ratiｏ疲劳试验ｆatigｕe test劈裂试验ｓplｉtting tｅｓｔ三轴试验triaxial test击实试验ｐacｔiｏｎｔeｓt触探试验cone ｐenｅtratｉon ｔｅｓｔ弯沉试验deflection test环道试验circｕlar ｔrack ｔest承载板试验lｏaｄｉnｇpｌａte ｔest 透水性试验pｅｒｖiousness ｔest车辙试验ｗｈeｅl traｃkｉng tesｔ马歇尔试验Marshaｌl staｂｉｌity ｔest压实度试验ｐacｔneｓｓtesｔ铺砂法sand ｐatcｈmｅｔｈoｄ硬练胶砂强度试验eaｒth－ｄrｙmoｒtaｒsｔrengｔｈ–test软练胶砂强度试验ｐlastic mｏrtar ｓtｒｅngth －tｅst(水泥）安定性试验sounｄnｅss teｓｔ（of cｅm ｅｎt)击实仪pａctioｎtest equｉpme ｎt长杆贯入仪pｅnｅtrａtion ｔeｓt equipmｅnｔ承载板loaｄinｇｐlａtｅ杠杆完沉仪beam ｌever defｌeｃtometeｒ路面曲率半径测定仪surｆace-curｖaturｅａpparatｕs路面平整度测定仪vｉaｍｅｔｅｒ路面透水度测定仪surface ｐermeameter五轮仪fifｔh-ｗheeｌtesｔｅr制动仪skiｄdometer速度检测器spｅed deteｃｔor万能试验机univｅrsal tｅｓtinｇmａchine三轴(剪切)仪tｒiaｘｉal ｓhｅar ratiot ｅsteｒ加州承载比(CBR)测定仪Califｏrｎia bearinｇｒａtiotestｅｒ标准筛staｎdaｒd ｓieves(沥青)针入度仪ｐenetｒｏmeteｒ(沥青）粘度仪viscｏsimｅter(沥青)延度仪ｄuｃtilｏｍeter(沥青）软化点仪(环-球法)sofｔeｎing ｐoinｔｔesteｒ(ringbaｌl method）闪点仪(开口杯式) flasｈpoiｎt teｓter（oｐｅn cupmeｔhｏd）马歇尔稳定度仪Marｓhalｌstabilitｙappａratｕs(沥青混合料)抽提机biｔｕmen eｘtraｃｔor砂浆稠度仪mortａr pｅｎｅｔration tesｔer坍落度圆锥筒slump cone标准工业粘度计standａｒd cｏｎcｒetｅconsｉstoｍetｅr饱与面干吸水率试模saｔｕｒaｔed-surfａce－dui ｅdｍｏisture ｒetenｔiｏn tester 撞击韧度试验机impａcｔtoughnesｓmachine 圆盘耐磨硬度试验机weａr ｈａrdnesｓmacｈiｎe 狄法尔磨耗试验机Deｖal abrasioｎtestｉnｇmａchine洛杉矶磨耗试验机LoｓＡnｇeleｓａｂrasiontｅstiｎｇmachiｎｅ压碎率试模crushing sｔｒｅngth te ｓｔer单斗挖掘机single-bｕｃket eｘcavａtor 推土机buｌldozｅr除根机rooｔdozer铲运机scrapｅr平地机gradｅｒ挖沟机trencｈer耕耘机cｕltｉｖａtor松土机rippeｒ松土搅拌机ｐulｖi-ｍiｘer稳定土拌与机ｓｔabｉliｚｅr凿岩机rock ｂreaker 碎石机ｓｔoｎe crｕｓheｒ碎石撒布机stoｎe spｒeａder装载机loadｅｒ羊足压路机sｈeｅｐ-ｆｏｏt rolｌｅr 手扶式单轮压路机walk ｂｅｈind sinｇle ｄrｕｍ蛙式打夯机fｒog ｒaｍｍer内燃夯实机inteｒnal tustion ｐａctor铁夯(铁撞柱) tampinｇiroｎ压路机roller振动压路机vｉｂraｔory roller沥青加热器aspｈａlt hｅａter沥青泵asｐhaｌt puｍｐ沥青洒布机asphalt sｐrayer沥青洒布车asｐhalt ｄｉstｒiｂutoｒ沥青混合料拌与设备aspｈａlt miｘing plaｎt沥青混合料摊铺机asphalt pavｅｒ散装水泥运输车ｃｅｍent delivｅr truck水泥混凝土混合料拌与设备conｃrete ｍixinｇplant(水泥混凝土混合料)搅拌运输车ｃｏnｃrete deｌiｖertｒuck水泥混凝土混合料摊铺机ｃoncrete paver振捣器concreｔｅviｂｒａｔoｒ水泥混凝土混合料整面机conｃreｔe finisher真空泵ｖacuum pｕmp水泥混凝土路面切缝机concrete joint cuｔter水泥混凝土路面锯缝机conｃｒｅte saｗ水泥混凝土路面清缝机ｃoncｒetｅjoint cleaｎer 水泥混凝土路面填缝机coｎcrｅtｅjoｉｎt seal ｅｒ水泵ｐump泥浆泵mud ｐumｐ张拉钢筋油泵ｐｒeｓtｒesseｄsteel bar ｄraｗing oil pump砂浆泵mortar pumｐ水泥混凝土混合料泵cｏncreｔeｐuｍｐ钢筋切断机bar ｓhｅａr钢筋冷轧机cｏld-roｌlinｇｍｉｌl 钢筋冷拉机stｅel stretchｅｒ钢筋冷拔机steel bar cold－extｒuｄi ｎgmａchine钢筋冷镦机steeｌbar headｉng prｅｓｓmachinｅ钢筋拉伸机sｔeｅl extension maｃhi ｎe钢筋弯曲机steel bar beｎｄer钢筋调直机steel straｉgｈteｎmachiｎe对焊机butt ｗelder钻孔机boriｎgｍachiｎe打桩机pile driｖer拔桩机pile extｒａｃｔor千斤顶jａck张拉预应力钢筋千斤顶pｒeｓtresseｄsteel ｂardrawing jack手拉葫芦chａin ｂlock起重葫芦hoistiｎｇbｌock卷扬机hoiｓter缆索吊装设备cablewaｙerecｔing equi ｐmｅnt起重机cｒane架桥机ｂrｉｄｇe eｒectiｏn ｅq ｕipment砂筒sand cyｌｉnder盾构shield全气压盾构presｓed aｉｒshｉeｌｄ半盾构ｒｏof ｓhiｅld隧道掘进机tuｎnel bｏring ｍａchiｎe全断面隧道掘进机tｕnnel bｏring macｈinｅfｏrfuｌｌcｅcｔiｏn喷枪shotcrete eｑuipment装碴机muｃｋｅｒ盾构千斤顶mａiｎｊack拉合千斤顶pulｌ-in ｊａcｋｓ复拌沥青混合料摊铺机ａspｈalt reｍiｘer路面铣削机ｐａvemill回砂车ｓaｎd ｓweepｉnｇequip ｍeｎt除雪机ｓｎowｐｌougｈ装雪机snoｗｌoadeｒ洗净剂喷布车dｅtergent spray ｔruck清扫车sｗeepｅr洒水车water trucｋ划标线机liｎe maker振动筛vibrating sｃｒeen撒布机spｒeader输送机ｃｏnveyeｒ提升机eleｖatｏｒ翻斗车dump-body ｃar自卸汽车dｕmpinｇwagon牵引车toｗtrｕck拖车头tractｏr trｕck挂车ｔrailer平板车flat truck工程车ｓhｏp truｃk万能杆件ｆaｂricａtedｕniversal stｅel membeｒｓ交通规划ｔｒａｆfiｃrｕleｓ交通事故tｒaffic ａcｃident交通事故率trａfｆic accideｎt rate人口事故率poｐulaｔioｎacｃidenｔrate车辆事故率vehicｌe aｃcｉdent rate 运行事故率opｅｒａtiｎg ａccident ｒat ｅ交通控制traffic control中央控制台cｅntrａl ｃontｒol uniｔ点控制sｐｏｔcontrｏl线控制ｌine coｎｔrol面控制areaｃｏnｔrol交通信号traffiｃsignal交通信号灯ｔｒaffｉc ｓｉgｎａl lａmｐ信号周期ｓiｇnａl cyｃle绿信比split ratiｏ信号相位signａl phase相位差pｈasｅdｉｆfｅrence 绿波gｒeen wave交通监视系统traffic surveｉllancｅ交通公害vehiculａｒpoｌｌutioｎ。

公路highway道路road公路工程highway engineering公路网highway network公路网密度highway density公路等级highway classification公路自然区划climatic zoning for highway公路用地highway right—of-way高速公路freeway等级公路classified highway辅导relief road干线公路arterial highway支线公路feeder highway专用公路accomodation highway国家干线公路(国道) national trunk highway省级干线公路(省道）provincial trunk highway县公路（县道）county road乡公路（乡道) township road辐射式公路radial highway环形公路ring highway绕行公路bypass交通结构traffic structure交通组成traffic composition混合交通mixed traffic交通流traffic flow交通流理论traffic flow theory车流vehicle stream交通密度traffic density车头间距space headway车头时距time headway车间净距vehicular gap延误delay地点速度spot speed行驶速度running speed运行速度poerating speed临界速度critical speed平均速度average speed计算行车速度（设计车速）design speed交通量traffic volume年平均日交通量annual average daily traffic月平均日交通量monthly average daily traffic 年第30位最大小时交通量thirtieth highest annualhourly volume年最大小时交通量maximum annual hourly设计小时交通量design hourly volume通行能力traffic capacity基本通行能力basic traffic capacity可能通行能力possible traffic capacity设计通行能力design traffic capacity 道路服务水平level of service公路交通规划traffic planning交通调查traffic survey交通量调查traffic volume survey交通量观测站traffic volume observationstation起迄点调查（OD调查）origin-destination study 出行trip境内交通local traffic过境交通through traffic交通发生traffic generation交通分布traffic distribution交通分配traffic assignment交通预测traffic prognosis行车道carriageway分离式行车道divided carriageway车道lane变速车道speed-change lane加速车道acceleration lane减速车道deceleration lane爬坡车道climbing lane停车道parking lane错车道turn—out lane自行车道cycle path路侧人行道sidewalk分隔带lane seperator中央分隔带median divider中间带central strip路肩shoulder;verge路缘带marginal strip路缘石kerb；curb侧向余宽lateral clearance路拱camber；crown路拱横坡crown slope公路建筑限界clearance of highway公路路线highway route公路线形highway alignment平面线形horizontal alignment纵面线形vertical alignment线形要素alignment elements平曲线horizontal curve极限最小平曲线半径limited minimum radius ofhorizontal curve复曲线compound curve反向曲线reverse curve断背曲线broken—back curve回头曲线switch-back curve缓和曲线transition curve竖曲线vertical curve弯道加宽curve widening加宽缓和段transition zone of curve超高superelevation超高缓和段supere levation runoff纵坡longitudinal gradient最大纵坡maximum longitudinal gradient 最小纵坡minimum ongitudinal gradient 变坡点grade change point平均纵坡average gradiant坡长限制grade length limitation高原纵坡拆减highland grade compensation 缓和坡段transition grading zone合成坡度resultant gradent视距sight distance停车视距non-passing sight distance;stopping sight distance超车视距passing sight distance道路交叉road intersection；道口railroad grade crossing平面交叉at—grade intersection ；grade crossing正交叉right—angle intersection斜交叉skew intersection环形交叉rotary intersection十字形交叉“+”intersectionT形交叉T intersection错位交叉offset intersection;staggered junction Y形交叉Y intersection立体交叉grade separation分离式立体交叉simple grade separation,separategrade crossing互通式立体交叉interchange首蓿叶形立体交叉full cloverleaf interchange部分首蓿叶形立体交叉cloverleaf interchange菱形立体交叉diamond interchange定向式立体交叉directional interchange喇叭形立体交叉three-leg interchange环形立体交叉rotary interchange匝道ramp交叉口road crossing；intersection交叉口进口intersection entrance交叉口出口intersection exit加铺转角式交叉口intersection with widenedcorners拓宽路口式交叉口flared intersection分道转弯式交叉口channelized intersection渠化交通channelization交织weaving交织路段weaving section合流converging分流diverging 冲突点conflict point交通岛traffic island导流岛channe lization island中心岛central island安全岛refuge island沿线设施roadside facilities交通安全设施traffic safety device人行横道crosswalk人形地道pedestrian underpass人形天桥pedestrian overcrossing护栏guard fence防护栅guard fence，safety barrier 遮光栅anti-dizzling screen应急电话emergency telephone反光标志reflective sign反光路钮reflective button弯道反光镜traffic mirror道路交通标志road traffic sign警告标志warning sign禁令标志regulatory sign指示标志guide sign指路标志information sign辅助标志auxiliary sign可变信息标志changeable message sign路面标线pavement marking防雪设施snow protection facilities 防沙设施sands protection facilities 隔音墙acoustic barrier停车场parking area踏勘reconnaissance可行性研究feasibility study线形设计highway alignment design 公路景观设计highway landscape design 选线route selection路线控制点control point定线location比较线alternative line展线line development初测preliminary survey定测location survey地貌topographie fcature地物culture地形topography台地terrace垭口pass；saddle back平原区plain terrain微丘区rolling terrain重丘区hilly terrain山岭区mountainous terrain沿溪线valley line山脊线ridge line山坡线hill-side line越岭线ridge crossing line土方调配cut-fill transition土方调配图cut—fill transition program土方调配经济运距economical hauling distance导线traverse导线测量traverse survey中线center line中线测量center line survey施工测量construction survey竣工测量final survey(路线)平面图plan交点intersection point虚交点imaginary intersection point转点turning point转角intersection angle方位角azimuth angle象限角bearing方向角direction angle切线长tangent length曲线长curve length外（矢）距external secant测站instrument station测点observation point中桩center stake加桩additional stake护桩reference stake断链broken chainage水准测量levelling survey水准点bench mark绝对基面absolute datum高程elevation地面高程ground elevation设计高程designed elevation（路线)纵断面图profile中桩填挖高度cut and fill at center stake地形测量topographic survey基线base line地形图topographic map等高线contour line横断面测量cross—sectional survey横断面图cross-section坑探pit test钻探boring摄影测量photogrammetry航空摄影测量aerial photogrammetry地面立体摄影测量ground stereophoto grammetry 地面控制点测量ground control—point survey 航摄基线aerophoto base影像地图photographic map像片索引图（镶辑复照图）photo index航摄像片判读aerophoto interpretation 综合法测图planimatric photo全能法测图universal photo微分法测图differential photo像片镶嵌图photo mosaic路基subgrade路堤embankment路堑cutting半填半挖式路基part cut-partfill subgrade 台口式路基benched subgrade路基宽度width of subgrade路基设计高程design elevation of subgrade （路基)最小填土高度minimum height of fill边坡side slope边坡坡度grade of side slope（边）坡顶top of slope（边)坡脚toe of slope护坡道berm边坡平台plain stage of slope碎落台berm at the foot of cutting slope 护坡slope protection挡土墙retaining wall重力式挡土墙gravity retaining wall横重式挡土墙balance weight retaining wall 悬臂式挡土墙cantilever retaining wall扶壁式挡土墙counterfort retaining wall柱板式挡土墙column—plate retaining wall 锚杆式挡土墙anchored retaining wall by tie rods 锚碇板式挡土墙anchored bulkhead retaining wall 石笼rock filled gabion抛石riprap路基排水subgrade drainage边沟side ditch截水沟intercepting ditch排水沟drainage ditch急流槽chute跌水drop water蒸发池evaporation pond盲沟blind drain渗水井seepage well透水路堤permeable embankment过水路面ford填方fill挖方cut借土borrow earth弃土waste取土坑borrow pit弃土堆waste bank回填土back-filling黄土loess软土soft soil淤泥mud泥沼moor泥炭peat盐渍土salty soil膨胀土expansive soil冻土frozen soil流砂quicksand软弱地基soft ground强夯法dynamic consolidation预压法preloading method反压护道loading berm砂井sand drain路基沙垫层sand mat of subgrade压实compaction压实度degree of compaction（标准）最大干容重maximum dry unit weight 相对密实度relative density毛细水capillary water土石方爆破blasting crater抛掷爆破blasting for throwing rock爆破漏斗blasting crater松动爆破blasting for loosening rock爆破作用圈acting cire les of blasting路面pavement弹性层状体系理论elastic multilayer theory（回弹)弯沉deflection加州承载比（CBR）California bearing ratio（CBR) 路面宽度width of pavement路槽road trough刚性路面rigid pavement柔性路面flexible pavement路面结构层pavement structure layer面层surface course磨耗层wearing course联结层binder course基层base course垫层bed course隔水层aquitard隔温层thermal insulating course封层seal coat透层prime coat保护层protection course补强层streng thening layer 高级路面high type pavement次高级路面sub-high type pavement中级路面intermediate type pavement 低级路面low type pavement水泥混凝土路面cement concrete pavement沥青路面bituminous pavement沥青混凝土路面bituminous concrete pavement 沥青碎石路面bituminous macadam pavement 沥青贯入碎（砾)石路面bituminous penetrationpavement沥青表面处治bituminous surface treatment 块料路面block pavement石块路面stone block pavement泥结碎石路面clay-bound macadam pavement 水结碎石路面water-bound macadam pavement 级配路面graded aggregate pavement稳定土基层stabilized soil base course工业废渣基层industrial waste base course块石基层telford base层铺法spreading in layers拌和法mixing method厂拌法plant mixing method路拌法road mixing method热拌法hot mixing method冷拌法cold mixing method贯入法penetration method铺砌法pitching method缩缝contraction joint胀缝expansion joint真缝true joint假缝dummy joint横缝transverse joint纵缝longitudinal joint施工缝construction joint传力杆dowel bar拉杆tie bar路面平整度surface evenness路面粗糙度surface roughness路面摩擦系数friction coefficient of pavement 附着力adhesive force水滑现象hydroplaning phenomenon桥梁bridge公路桥highway bridge公铁两用桥highway and rail transit bridge 人形桥pedestrian bridge跨线桥overpass bridge高架桥viaduct永久性桥permanent bridge半永久性桥semi-permanent bridge临时性桥temporary bridge钢筋混凝土桥reinforced concrete bridge预应力混凝土桥prestressed concrete bridge钢桥steel bridge圬工桥masonry bridge木桥timber bridge正交桥right bridge斜交桥skew bridge弯桥curved bridge坡桥bridge on slope斜桥skew bridge正桥right bridge上承式桥deck bridge中承式桥half-through bridge下承式桥through bridge梁桥beam bridge简支梁桥simple supported team bridge 连续梁桥continuous beam bridge悬臂梁桥cantilever beam bridge联合梁桥composite beam bridge板桥slab bridge拱桥arch bridge双曲拱桥two—way curved arch bridge 空腹拱桥open spandrel arch bridge实腹拱桥filled spandrel arch bridge系杆拱桥bowstring arch bridge桁架桥truss bridge钢构桥rigid frame bridgeT形钢构桥T-shaped rigid frame bridge连续钢构桥continuous rigid frame bridge 斜腿钢构桥rigid frame bridge with inclinedlegs斜拉桥（斜张桥）cable stayed bridge悬索桥suspension bridge漫水桥submersible bridge浮桥pontoon bridge开启桥movable bridge装配式桥fabricated bridge装拆式钢桥fabricated steel bridge涵洞culvert管涵pipe culvert拱涵arch culvert箱涵box culvert盖板涵slab culvert无压力式涵洞non-pressure culvert压力式涵洞pressure culvert半压力式涵洞partial pressure culvert倒虹吸涵siphon culvert上部结构superstructure 主梁main beam横梁floor beam纵梁longitudinal beam,stringer挂梁suspended beam拱圈arch，ring拱上结构spandrel structure腹拱spandrel arch拱上侧墙spandrel wall桥面系floor system,bridge decking桥面铺装bridge deck pavement伸缩缝expansion and contraction joint 桥面伸缩装置bridge floor expansion andcontraction installation安全带afety belt桥头搭板transition slab at bridge head下部结构substructure桥墩pier墩身pier body墩帽coping盖梁bent cap破冰体ice apron重力式桥墩gravity pier实体桥墩solid pier空心桥墩hollow pier柱式桥墩column pier排架桩墩pile bent pier柔性墩flexible pier制动墩braking pier单向推力墩single direction thrusted pier桥台abutment台身abutment body前墙front wall翼墙wing walls台帽coping锥坡conical slope耳墙wing wallsU形桥台U-shaped abutment八字形桥台flare wing wall abutment一字形桥台head wall abutment,straight abutment 重力式桥台gravity abutment埋置式桥台buried abutment扶壁式桥台counterforted abutment锚锭板式桥台anchored bulkhead abutment 支撑式桥台supported type abutment地基subsoil加固地基consolidated subsoil天然地基natural subsoil基础foundation扩大基础spread foundation沉井基础open caission foundation管柱基础cylindrical shaft foundation桩基础pile poundation桩pile预制桩precast pile就地灌注桩cast-in—place concrete pile摩擦桩friction pile支承桩bearing pile承台bearing platform支座bearing固定支座fixed bearing活动支座expansion bearing索塔cable bent tower索鞍cable saddle调治构造物regulating structure丁坝spur dike顺坝longitudinal dam桥位bridge site桥梁全长total length of bridge主桥main bridge引桥approach span跨径span桥涵计算跨径computed span桥涵净跨径clear span矢跨比rise span ratio计算矢高calculated rise of arch桥下净空clearance of span桥面净空clearance above bridge floor桥梁建筑高度construction height of bridge 荷载load永久荷载permanent load可变荷载variable load偶然荷载accidental load荷载组合loading combinations车辆荷载标准loading standard for design vchicle 设计荷载design load施工荷载construction load梁beam简支梁simple-supported beam连续梁continuous beam悬臂梁cantilever beam板slab拱arch桁架truss刚构rigid frame柱column强度strength刚度stiffness ，rigidity抗裂度crack resistance 稳定性stability位移displacement变形deformation挠度deflection预拱度camber流域catchment basin集水面积runoff area径流runoff水文测验hydrological survey河床river bed河槽river channel主槽main channel边滩side shoal河滩rlood land河床宽度bed width河槽宽度channel width过水断面discharge section水位water level最高（或最低)水位maximum（minimum)water level通航水位navigable water level设计水位design water level水面比降water surface slope河床比降gradient of river bed湿周weffed perimeter糙率coefficient of roughuess水力半径hydraulic radius水文计算hydrological computation设计流量designed discharge设计流速designed flow velocity行近流速approach velocity洪水调查floor survey洪水频率floor frequency设计洪水频率designed flood frequency潮汐河流tidal river悬移质suspended load推移质bed material load水力计算hydraulic computation水头water head冲刷scour桥下一般冲刷general scour under bridge桥墩（或墩台）局部冲刷local scour near pier自然演变冲刷natural scour冲刷系数coefficient of scouring淤积silting壅水back water流冰ice drift先张法pretensioning method后张法post—tensioning method缆索吊装法erection with cableway悬臂拼装法erection by protrusion悬臂浇筑法cast-in-place cantilever mathod 移动支架逐跨施工法span by span method纵向拖拉法erection by longtitudinal pullingmethod顶推法incremental launching method 转体架桥法construction by swing浮运架桥法erecting by floating顶入法jack-in method围堰cofferdam护筒pile casing隧道tunnel洞门tunnel portal衬砌tunnel lining明洞open cut tunnel围岩surrounding rork隧道建筑限界structural approach limit of runnels 明挖法open cut method矿山法mine tunnelling method盾构法shield tunneling method沉埋法(沉管法）lmmersed tunnel导坑heading隧道支撑tunnel support构件支撑element support喷锚支护lock bolt support with shotcrete 隧道通风tunnel ventilation隧道照明tunnel lighting养护maintenance定期养护periodical maintenance巡回养护patrol maintenance大中修周期maintenance period小修保养routine maintenance中修intermediate maintenance大修heavy maintenance改善工程road inprovement抢修emergency repair of road加固strengthening of structure回砂sand sweeping罩面overlay of pavement路面翻修pavement recapping路向补强pavement strengthening车辙rutting路面搓板surface corrugation路面网裂net—shaped cracking路面龟裂alligator cracking路面碎裂pavement spalling反射裂缝reflection crack路面坑槽pot holes 路面冻胀surface frost heave路面沉陷pavement depression路面滑溜surface slipperiness露骨suiface angularity啃边edge failure泛油bleeding拥包upheaval拱胀blow up错台faulting of slab ends错位slab staggering滑坡slide坍方land slide崩塌collapse碎落debris avalanche沉降settlement沉陷subsidence泥石流mud avalanche（振动)液化liquefaction翻浆frost boiling岩溶karst沙害sand hazard雪害snow hazard水毁washout好路率rate of good road养护质量综合值general tating of maintenancequality路容road appearance路况road condition路况调查road condition survey路政管理rlad administration民工建勤civilian labourers working onpublic project养路费toll of road maintenance养路道班maintenance gang粒料granular material集料(骨料）aggregate矿料mineral aggregate矿粉mineral powder砂sand砾石gravel砂砾sand gravel卵石cobble stone碎石broken stone，crushed stone片石rubble块石block stone料石dressed stone石屑chip工业废渣industrial solid waste结合料binder有机结合料organic binding agent沥青bitumen地沥青asphalt天然沥青natural asphalt石油沥青petroleum asphalt煤沥青coal tar乳化沥青emulsified bitumen氧化沥青oxidized asphalt路用沥青road bitumen无机结合料inorganic binding agent粉煤灰fly ash混合料mixture沥青混合料bituminous mixture沥青混凝土混合料bituminous concrete mixture 沥青碎石混合料bituminous macadam mixture 沥青砂asphalt sand沥青膏asphalt mastic水泥砂浆cement mortar石灰砂浆lime mortar水泥混凝土混合料cement concrete mixture水泥混凝土cement concrete钢筋混凝土reinforced concrete预应力（钢筋)混凝土prestressed concrete早强混凝土early strength concrete干硬性混凝土dry concrete贫混凝土lean concrete轻质混凝土light-wehght concrete纤维混凝土fibrous concrete外掺剂admixture减水剂water reducing agent加气剂air entraining agent早强剂early strength agent缓凝剂retarder钢筋steel bar预应力钢材prestressing steel高强钢丝high tensile steel wire钢铰线stranded steel wire冷拉钢筋cold—stretched steel bar冷拔钢丝cold—drawn steel wire高强螺栓high strength bolt空隙率porosity孔隙比void ratio粒径grain size颗粒组成grain composition细度fineness筛分sieve analysis级配gradation级配曲线grading curve最佳级配optimum gradation含水量water content 最佳含水量optimum water content稠度界限consistency limit液限liquid limit塑限plastic limit缩限shrinkage limit塑性指数plasticity index水泥标号cement mark水泥混凝土标号cement concrete mark水泥混凝土配合比proportioning of cement concrete 水灰比water cement ratio和易性workabillty坍落度slump硬化hardening水硬性hydraulicity气硬性air hardening离析segregation徐变creep老化ageing(沥青）稠度consistency （of bitumen）针入度penetration粘(滞)度viscosity软化点softening point延度ductility闪点flash point溶解度dissolubility热稳性hot stability水稳性water stability油石化asphalt-aggregate ratio含油率bitumen content压碎率rate of crushing磨耗率abrasiveness弹性模量modulus of elasticity回弹模量modulus of resilience劲度（模量) stiffness modulus模量比modulus ratio泊松比poisson’s ratio疲劳试验fatigue test劈裂试验splitting test三轴试验triaxial test击实试验compaction test触探试验cone penetration test弯沉试验deflection test环道试验circular track test承载板试验loading plate test透水性试验perviousness test车辙试验wheel tracking test马歇尔试验Marshall stability test压实度试验compactness test铺砂法sand patch method硬练胶砂强度试验earth-dry mortar strength –test 软练胶砂强度试验plastic mortar strength—test (水泥)安定性试验soundness test(of cement）击实仪compaction test equipment长杆贯入仪penetration test equipment承载板loading plate杠杆完沉仪beam lever deflectometer路面曲率半径测定仪surface—curvature apparatus 路面平整度测定仪viameter路面透水度测定仪surface permeameter五轮仪fifth-wheel tester制动仪skiddometer速度检测器speed detector万能试验机universal testing machine三轴(剪切）仪triaxial shear ratiotester加州承载比（CBR)测定仪California bearingratiotester标准筛standard sieves(沥青）针入度仪penetrometer(沥青)粘度仪viscosimeter(沥青）延度仪ductilometer(沥青）软化点仪(环—球法)softening pointtester(ringball method）闪点仪（开口杯式) flash point tester(open cupmethod）马歇尔稳定度仪Marshall stability apparatus (沥青混合料)抽提机bitumen extractor砂浆稠度仪mortar penetration tester坍落度圆锥筒slump cone标准工业粘度计standard concrete consistometer 饱和面干吸水率试模saturated-surface—duiedmoisture retention tester撞击韧度试验机impact toughness machine圆盘耐磨硬度试验机wear hardness machine狄法尔磨耗试验机Deval abrasion testing machine 洛杉矶磨耗试验机Los Angeles abrasiontestingmachine压碎率试模crushing strength tester单斗挖掘机single—bucket excavator推土机bulldozer除根机rootdozer铲运机scraper平地机grader挖沟机trencher耕耘机cultivator松土机ripper松土搅拌机pulvi-mixer稳定土拌和机stabilizer凿岩机rock breaker碎石机stone crusher 碎石撒布机stone spreader装载机loader羊足压路机sheep-foot roller手扶式单轮压路机walk behind single drum蛙式打夯机frog rammer内燃夯实机internal comtustion compactor 铁夯（铁撞柱）tamping iron压路机roller振动压路机vibratory roller沥青加热器asphalt heater沥青泵asphalt pump沥青洒布机asphalt sprayer沥青洒布车asphalt distributor沥青混合料拌和设备asphalt mixing plant沥青混合料摊铺机asphalt paver散装水泥运输车cement deliver truck水泥混凝土混合料拌和设备concrete mixing plant （水泥混凝土混合料）搅拌运输车concrete delivertruck水泥混凝土混合料摊铺机concrete paver振捣器concrete vibrator水泥混凝土混合料整面机concrete finisher真空泵vacuum pump水泥混凝土路面切缝机concrete joint cutter水泥混凝土路面锯缝机concrete saw水泥混凝土路面清缝机concrete joint cleaner水泥混凝土路面填缝机concrete joint sealer水泵pump泥浆泵mud pump张拉钢筋油泵prestressed steel bar drawing oil pump 砂浆泵mortar pump水泥混凝土混合料泵concrete pump钢筋切断机bar shear钢筋冷轧机cold—rolling mill钢筋冷拉机steel stretcher钢筋冷拔机steel bar cold-extrudingmachine钢筋冷镦机steel bar heading press machine 钢筋拉伸机steel extension machine钢筋弯曲机steel bar bender钢筋调直机steel straighten machine对焊机butt welder钻孔机boring machine打桩机pile driver拔桩机pile extractor千斤顶jack张拉预应力钢筋千斤顶prestressed steel bar drawingjack手拉葫芦chain block起重葫芦hoisting block卷扬机hoister缆索吊装设备cableway erecting equipment 起重机crane架桥机bridge erection equipment砂筒sand cylinder盾构shield全气压盾构compressed air shield半盾构roof shield隧道掘进机tunnel boring machine全断面隧道掘进机tunnel boring machine for fullcection喷枪shotcrete equipment装碴机mucker盾构千斤顶main jack拉合千斤顶pull-in jacks复拌沥青混合料摊铺机asphalt remixer路面铣削机pavemill回砂车sand sweeping equipment除雪机snow plough装雪机snow loader洗净剂喷布车detergent spray truck清扫车sweeper洒水车water truck划标线机line maker振动筛vibrating screen撒布机spreader输送机conveyer提升机elevator翻斗车dump—body car自卸汽车dumping wagon牵引车tow truck拖车头tractor truck挂车trailer平板车flat truck工程车shop truck万能杆件fabricated universal steel members 交通规划traffic rules交通事故traffic accident交通事故率traffic accident rate人口事故率population accident rate车辆事故率vehicle accident rate运行事故率operating accident rate交通控制traffic control中央控制台central control unit点控制spot control线控制line control面控制area control交通信号traffic signal交通信号灯traffic signal lamp 信号周期signal cycle绿信比split ratio信号相位signal phase相位差phase difference 绿波green wave交通监视系统traffic surveillance 交通公害vehicular pollution。