英语论文Abstract

英语学术文章结构的12个不同部分1. Abstract标准摘要五句话，包含五个层次的内容：1.1 Introduction: 为什么要进行本项研究，现状中本项研究的缺失或者做了但是存在不足;1.2 Method：用什么方法做这个研究;1.3 Data：用什么样的数据来验证你的方法;1.4 Results：从研究中得出什么结论;1.5 Implication：得出的结论对研究领域和实践有什么意义(理论与实践意义)2. Introduction2.1 Research background：目的是证实该研究问题的重要性。

如这一类问题造成的损失很严重，因此研究这一问题很重要。

2.2 Research problem：在上述的这一大研究背景下，要做什么问题(或者方面)的研究;在上述的这一大研究背景下，这一研究可以在哪些方面解决现存的实际问题。

2.3 研究现状：别人已经做了哪些东西，别人已经做过什么，发现了什么样的问题?2.4 现存的研究有什么问题与不足：别人有什么没有做过?为什么别人没有做得更好?并说明这些研究不足会带来严重后果。

2.5 本研究的目标(objective)和研究范围(scope)：本研究弥补这些问题中(这些没做过或者做过没做好的问题中)的哪些不足，采用什么研究方法去弥补不足。

陈述本项研究的范围局限，并高度概括本论文研究结论。

2.6 文章结构：本论文的后续部分的基本内容架构。

3. Literature review目的：Literature review证明与说明两件事情：一是研究目标的设定是有意义的;二是你在本研究中采用的方法是可靠的、有效的。

包括三个层次的内容：3.1 对选题(你找到的研究问题)的justification。

即对做过没做好或者没做过的研究问题，在这个研究领域，针对research problem而言，让读者明白本项研究是有意义的;3.2 现存文献中对本文值得参考并可借鉴的东西(包括分析工具和成果);3.3 非相关或者相邻研究领域值得借鉴的东西，侧重于可借鉴的研究方法。

论文写作中的英文摘要范例英文摘要(Abstract)是论文写作中必不可少的一部分，其作用是概括出论文的主要内容和结论，帮助读者迅速了解论文的核心观点。

本文将提供一篇关于论文写作中英文摘要的范例，以供参考。

AbstractWith the increasing globalization of academic research, it has become essential for scholars to effectively communicate their work to a wider audience. One crucial element in this process is the abstract, which summarizes the main points and findings of a research paper. In this article, we will provide an example of an English abstract for a research paper, demonstrating key elements and tips for writing an effective abstract.IntroductionThe abstract serves as a brief overview of a research paper, allowing readers to quickly grasp the purpose, methodology, and outcomes of the study. It should be concise yet informative, providing enough information to engage the reader while remaining within a specified word limit.Main BodyI. Purpose and BackgroundThe first element of an abstract is a clear statement of the research paper's purpose and its background. It should outline the rationale for the study, highlighting any research gaps or unanswered questions in the field. For example:This research aims to investigate the effects of climate change on coastal ecosystems, with a focus on marine biodiversity and coral reef health. Given the increasing threats to these ecosystems, understanding the potential impacts of climate change is crucial for effective conservation strategies.II. MethodologyThe abstract should briefly describe the methodology employed in the research. This can include the study design, data collection methods, and analytical approaches. However, detailed technical information should be avoided. For example:A combination of field surveys, laboratory experiments, and statistical analyses were conducted to assess the long-term effects of temperature increase and ocean acidification on coral reefs. Data on species diversity, abundance, and health were collected from various reefs in the Caribbean region.III. ResultsThe abstract should highlight the key findings of the research. It should summarize the outcomes and conclusions derived from the data analysis. However, specific data or numerical results should be avoided, focusing instead on general trends and significant discoveries. For example:Our study revealed a significant decline in coral species diversity and overall health in response to increased water temperatures and ocean acidification. Furthermore, we found a decrease in the abundance of commercially important fish species, indicating potential impacts on local communities dependent on coral reef resources.IV. Implications and ConclusionThe abstract should conclude with a discussion of the broader implications of the research and its significance. It should provide a concise statement summarizing the main contributions of the study to the field and any recommendations for future research or policy implications. For example:These findings highlight the urgent need for immediate actions to mitigate the effects of climate change on coastal ecosystems. Implementing measures to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and establishing marine protected areas can help safeguard marine biodiversity and protect the livelihoods of communities dependent on coral reef resources.ConclusionIn conclusion, writing an effective English abstract is crucial for communicating the key points and contributions of a research paper. By providing a clear purpose, concise methodology, major findings, and broader implications, the abstract serves as a concise summary of the research work, enticing readers to delve deeper into the full paper. By following the guidelines and structure provided in this example abstract, researchers can enhance their chances of effectively conveying their research to a global audience.。

摘要的分类1．陈述性摘要(descriptive abstract)只说明（陈述）论文的主题，不介绍论文的具体内容Sample 1Translation is not only a linguistic transference, but also an intercultural communication. For quite a long time, translation studies have been concentrated on the prescription of translation methods, with scant attention paid to the description of macro-cultural factors involved in the translating. In this paper, the writer contends that the study of the macro-cultural factors will surely enlarge the scope and enrich the content of the translation studies. The paper is largely a rudimentary step, both in theory and in practice, to expose some of the factors influencing Mr. Fu’s translation of Gone with the Wind, with a historic and descriptive approach employed.Sample 2To the general public, China English is a relatively new and serious concept, while in the fields of linguistics and translation a group of scholars have already make a study on it. Now most scholars hold that China English, based on the standard English, is a kind of variant of English to express things and concepts with Chinese characteristic. It is the product of the English language used in English-speaking countries combined with the unique Chineseness. Then, in the nation of China with a thousand-long history and civilization, how has China English come into being, grown and developed? This paper mainly focuses on the factors involved in the emergence and development of China English and it also explores people’s attitude toward China English, and analyzes the trend and role of China English in China and the world.2．资料性/信息性摘要(informative abstract)除了说明论文的主题外，还要介绍论文的主要观点、主要内容和研究成果Sample 3This paper, based on the theories and principles of psycholinguistics and cognitive psychology, deals with definitions and functions of emotional quotient, revealing some of the learners’ emotional characteristics, which affect the outcome of language learning. The author insists that language learning is a very sophisticated psychological process, and aspects of emotional quotient influence the learner’s cognitive process in which knowledge of the target language is internalized as language competence or skills. Results of experiments prove that positive and rich emotions are the motives needed for language learning. It is vital for language teachers to motivate their students to acquire the target language by developing their emotions and helping them internalize what they are learning. The author also mentions that language teachers should recognize the potential for creating a warm and friendly environment for language learning so that language teaching and learning process will be more effective in improving the learner’s IQ, EQ, and language creative ability.Sample 4In order to help students with their translation and assist teachers to find students’main problems with translation, this paper studies an English to Chinesetranslation exercise of the second year English majors in a university. The author studies in by collecting and sorting out the typical errors made by students and analyzing the causes of the errors guided by error analysis theory. The research adopts the basic translation criteria of TEM-8 in sorting out student s’translation errors. According to the research, students’errors fall into these categories: confusion in denotative and connotative meaning of a word, unnatural Chinese expressions, problems in dealing with proper nouns, misinterpretation of sentence structures of the source text, etc. Then the thesis analyzes the underlying causes: students’ lack of both translation theories and practice, and poor Chinese competence. It is hoped that more of this kind of research in both Chinese and English translation be done to guide translation teaching and practice.Sample 5As a limitation of cultural transmission, culture absence prevents Chinese readers from fully appreciating the original text. This thesis takes the translating of Nathaniel Hawthorne’s The Scarlet Letter as an example, aiming at discussing the culture translation approach in the practice of translation. As one of Hawthorne’s best-known novel, The Scarlet Letter has its distinctive culture feature and the problem of culture absence commonly exists in translating it into Chinese. This thesis compares three different Chinese translation versions of the novel based on the analysis of its culture connotation, and discusses the culture absence of historical background, religious belief, mythological elements, metaphorical expressions, color images, etc. In the thesis, examples are given to illustrate how culture absence presents in its Chinese translations. Also, different compensative means for the culture absence are compared in the thesis, such as transliteration and semantic translation, literal translation and free translation, domestication and foreignization; the proper translation strategy should depend on different situations from the perspective of culture preservation.英文摘要常用的句型表达主要有：This paper argues (demonstrates) …This paper explores (probes into) …This paper elaborates on (expounds) …This paper includes (covers, touches on) …This paper aims to (aims at) …This paper focuses on …This paper makes a comparison of …This paper makes an attempt to touch on …This paper offers a discussion of (an overview of, an analysis of ) …This paper develops the theory of …This paper is a criticism of the theory of …This paper, on the basis of …, reveals (illustrates) …Based on …, this paper first categorizes … and then tentatively sets out …The purpose (objective) of this paper is to review …The author (writer) of this paper holds (considers, deems, contends) …The author tries to give an account of …In this paper, the author proposes …It is pointed out …In light of … theory, discussion is made about … in this paper.This thesis aims at a better understanding of English to Chinese (E to C) translation of adverbial clauses in business contracts. The author first describes the general theories and criteria for translation, and those specifics for the translation of international business contracts, which are theoretical guidelines for the whole thesis. Then the writer discusses and analyzes the four categories of adverbial clauses in international business contracts in translation. Finally, the author explores the major problems involved in translating adverbial clauses in business contracts from English to Chinese and proposes compensative strategies.。

4个步骤教你如何写好abstract部分A b s t r a c t，就是对英文论文的一个简短总结，目的是为了告诉读者论文研究的是什么课题，以此来吸引读者。

一个好的a b s t r a c t，对英文论文的作用是非常大的，是论文的核心部分，所以一定得写好。

下面就给大家讲解一下如何写好a b s t r a c t部分。

1.无论任何学科，a b s t rac t需要包括以下几个重要组成部分和重要元素1)动机或问题的陈述：为什么我们对这个研究问题这么关心?你的研究针对的是实践性的，科学性的，理论性的还是艺术性的?有些a b s t r a c t 写作的时候，在写作动机之前要简要介绍相关的背景信息。

2)措施/流程/解决方法以及调查范围：为了得到相关的结果，你做了什么?3)结果/发现/产品：在上述的调查研究完成后，你学会了什么?发现了什么?创造了什么?4)结论/影响：你得出的哪些结论会产生更大的影响?然而，需要注意的是，根据不同的学科，要注意相关的可变性因素。

2.a b s t rac t中的语法特点和要求1)注意到细微的变化在陈述主要目标和调查范围的时候，多采用陈述性语言。

2)采用合适的方法描述方法的时候多使用过去时态。

要注意时态的一致性。

如果有必要，要按照时间的顺序进行排列。

3)注意结果的呈现方式只需要呈现结果即可。

以过去时态呈现出来。

4)注意结论的可靠性陈述个人观点。

在陈述主要结论的时候要使用现在时。

不要表现出试探性的倾向。

3.a b s t rac t s的类型a b s t r a c t s分为两种类型，i n f o r m a t i o n a l a b s t r a c t s和d e s c r i p t i v ea b s t r a c t s。

I n f o r m a t i o n a l A b s t r a c t s--针对r e p o r t s的相关内容进行沟通。

文摘要求对于科技期刊的文章，论文的abstract主要由三部分组成，即：研究的问题、过程和方法、结果。

文摘只有写得正确，写的好, 才能起到帮助读者了解原文的作用。

因此必须对文献进行认真的主题分析，找出文献的主题概念，正确地组织好这些主题内容，简明准确完整地写出文摘来。

文摘长度一般不超过150 words。

少数情况下允许例外，视原始文献而定。

在不遗漏主题概念的前提下，文摘应尽量简洁。

（一）. 缩短文摘方法：1.取消不必要的字句：如”It is reported …”“Extensive investigations show that…”“The author discusses …”“This paper concerned with …”；一些不必要的修饰词，如“in detail”、“briefly”、“here”、“new”、“mainly”也尽量不要。

2. 对物理单位及一些通用词可以适当进行简化；3.取消或减少背景信息（Background Information）；4.不说无用的话，如“本文所谈的有关研究工作是对过去老工艺的一个极大的改进”，“本工作首次实现了...”，“经检索尚未发现与本文类似的文献”等词句切不可进入文摘；5. 作者在文献中谈及的未来计划不纳入文摘；6．文摘第一句应避免与题目（Title）重复。

7. 尽量简化一些措辞和重复的单元，如：（二）. 文体风格1. 文摘叙述要完整，清楚，简明；2. 尽量用短句子并避免句形单调；3. 用过去时态叙述作者工作，用现在时态叙述作者结论；如“The structure of dislocation cores in GaP was investigated by weak-beam electron microscopy. The dislocations are dissociated into two Shokley partials with separations of 80±10 and 40±10 A in the pure edge and screw cases respectively. The results show that...”4．能用名词做定语不要用动名词做定语，能用形容词做定语就不要用名词做定语。

毕业论文英文摘要（9篇）First and foremost, I would like to give my sinceregratitude to my distinguished andrespectable supervisor, Prof. Qi Yuanfang, for his all-along supports during not only theresearch process, but the whole post-graduate year. He is the one who gives me inspiration ofthe thesis topic, enlightens me empirical method helps me conduct teaching e某periment, andinstructs me analyzing approaches. I have to say that this thesis is born from his insightfulinstructions and warm encouragement.Secondly, I also own my appreciation to Prof, Gongrong who gives me a lot ofinspiration, insightful advice and instructions.Last but not least, I would like to e某tend my thanks to the students participating in thisresearch for their patient corporation.Secondly, I will also e某press my sincere gratitude toother professor and teacherswho had give me constructive suggestion to my thesis and thanks to them forinstructing me to construct my knowledge in English teaching in the past two and a halfyears.Thirdly, I want to thank all my affectionate classmates and friends. During the twoa half years' study and the writing ofthis thesis, they have given me a lot of support andencouragement in their own ways.At last, I will give the deepest gratitude to my family for their regretless supportand love to me.Thanks to my parents and girlfriend bear, giving unlimited love in life, especially the cubs, and when she did not cherish the love, her love, lost her life and perhaps even too late to regret, for there is no chance, when approaching graduation, deeply regret to say to you: "you love let me grow up and know how to love, and I let you scarred, and you have to flee, if there is any chance, if there is the afterlife, I will put you in the palm of care".Thank you for working life in the prevention center colleagues, Dr. Zhang Dehua, Dr. Liu Xiangning, Dr. Mao Jian, Zhao Honghao, Jia Suping, Li Haibao, Sun Pengpeng, Yang Xiaoyan, Huang Dandan, Wang Ruo某in, Yang Ni, Yu Junsong, because you have a wonderful and fulfilling life.论文题目：On the Title of EST and Aesthetic Effect in Its TranslationKey words: EST; title; translation; artistic effects论文题目：On Advertisement Translation from English to Chinese in Light of Functional EquivalenceIn our daily life, we live with different advertisements, some of which are translated works. These advertisements are aimed at giving the potential customers a lasting impression and persuading them to buy their product. Therefore, in order to e某press the ideas of the original works and realize the goalfor sale, the translators should take account of the cultural elements and social elements in order to achieve functional equivalence.Key words: functional equivalence; advertisement translation; cultural elementsFirst and foremost, I would like to e某press my heartfelt gratitude to mysupervisor, Professor Jia Aiwu. I have benefited tremendously from her criticalthinking and insightful viewpoint. Through his patient instruction,I finally focusedon the object studied in this thesis, and obtained valuable advice on aspects rangingfrom frame work constructing and data collection to elaborated analysis.Secondly, I'm profusely grateful to my respected predecessors and teachers.Moreover, I owe my thanks to my family and friends, who have always supportedme with their generous encouragements and praises.Last but not least, I sincerely thank my fellow classmates. We share joys andan某ieties, which propels us forward together throughout the arduous journey.During the three years of study, Wang Xu, Liu Qianjun, Tan Chengrong, Li Zongquan, Ho, Fan Juan, Kong Fangong, Wang Jian, Ma Minjiang, Wang Xiwen, Huang Youhe, Xu Lili, Mo Jialin, Guo Sanchuan, Li Jianwen, Zhong Zehui, Yang Qifeng, Liu Mengru, Yin Tanwei, Zhang Chun, Liu Ruiheng, Tu Qiliang, Hui, Zhuo Yu, Zhang Chengfeng, Xue Bing, Jiang Shoule Zhang Xiaochao, He Zhuoya, Liang Dongmei, Li Qiang, Liu Hao, Liu Chuanfu, Yu Dongmei, Lai Yurong, Chi Congcong, Cheng Xiaolian, Shi Haiqiang, Wang Shaoguang, and younger brother of care and help, to e某press deep gratitude. Without their help and support, there is no way to finish my Ph. D. Thesis. Friendship between students willlast forever.论文题目：On Cultural Gaps and Untranslatability in Chinese Version of The Life and Strange Surprizing Adventures of Robinson Crusoe from Perspective of FunctionalismAbstract:This thesis is an attempt to apply functionalism to literary translation and prove its feasibility by analyzing the untranslatability of the Adventures of Robinson Crusoe causing by cultural gaps. Functionalism is a broad term for various theories that approach translation by focusing on the function or functions of te某ts and translations. And the four importantrepresentatives of functionalism are Katharina Reiss, Hans J. Vermeer, Justa Holz-Mnttri and Christiane Nord. This thesis attempts to apply the core rules of Skopostheorie –？to analyze the untranslatability of the Adventures of Robinson Crusoe which is caused by cultural gaps, in the hope of gaining a better understanding of literary translation from the perspective of functionalism.ABSTRACTKey words: Anna; Jane Eyre; female doctrine。

英语学术论文中Abstract写作总结！作者简介：晨星，男，湖北武汉人，副高职称，博士，高级程序员，IAMG（国际数学地质协会）会员。

目前研究方向为地理信息数据挖掘与知识发现、地学信息三维可视化。

当年我在攒第一篇 SCI 论文的时候，是先写的 Abstract，然后再写的正文。

在我将自以为很用心撰写的论文交给副导师审阅后，就被他立即请到办公室去畅谈了一番心声：「不是 Abstract 的位置放在正文前面，就将Abstract 放在论文前面写的！你没看到你的Abstract 有问题吗？和全文对得起来吗？」那么，好的 Abstract 应该是怎么样呢？在 SCI 论文写作中，Abstract 是很重要的一部分。

所谓 Abstract，就是对所写论文主要内容的精炼概括。

Abstract 是美国人的说法，英国的科技期刊喜欢称之为Summary。

在英文中，有资料是这么对其定义的：Abstract is a sketchy summary of the main points of an argument or theory in a paper.一篇英文科技论文特别是SCI 论文，是否能被编辑发出审稿乃至最后被录用，在很大程度上取决于论文的 Abstract 质量。

事实上，摘要由于其独特的功能，通常被认为是科技论文最重要的组成部分之一（有的文献认为是最重要的，没有之一）。

据我了解，英文科技论文的 Abstract 主要功能有以下三点：1. 提纲携领，方便检索Abstract 作为对英文科技论文的最主要内容进行不加注释和评论的简短陈述那一部分。

与整篇论文的其他部分相比，它起着至关重要的概括要点的作用。

从本质上讲，Abstract 是把论文的内容浓缩成一篇简短、简洁、概括性强的一个段落的文本。

Abstract 被看成是论文的缩略版或缩写，概括了主体的内容，例如背景、主题/问题、方法、结论和意义。

精心撰写的Abstract是检索科技文献的有用工具（反之，如果 Abstract 写得不佳，对检索该篇论文是个误导），它能使读者能够更快、更方便地识别论文的基本内容，确定论文与其个人兴趣相关性，并最终决定是否需要继续阅读整篇论文。

剖析SCI论文中Summary和Abstract的区别放眼望去这个论题有什么好说的啊，直接拿本英文字典查下不就知道了，Abstract不就是摘要或文摘的意思吗，Summary的意思就是提要或简介。

但是看事情是不能这样浅层话的，要挖掘他们的内在意义及区别，以下是笔者的个人体会，仅供参考。

先说摘要（或文摘），也就是英文的Abstract : 顾名思义，是一篇文章摘出来的要点。

其强调的是对文字本身的概括，内容讲究的是对文章内容的高度压缩，不能夹带参考文献、图表。

摘要（Abstract）写好了很不简单，原因是其对文数的限制比较严格。

一般SCI英文论文摘要允许200 - 300字，很少有超过500字的。

摘要不论是在书里还是论文中，都是放在文前。

许多SCI期刊对摘要的格式有不同的要求，比如非结构摘要、结构摘要等。

是出于出版形式的考虑，目的和本质是不变的。

再说提要（或简介），即英文的Summary ：既然称之为提要，即包含提炼和要点两个方面。

在教科书和科技文献中，提要强调对研究课题内容的概括，比如实验研究的前景、目的、内容等方面的简述。

提要对字数的要求比较灵活，可长可短。

既可以广征博引、也可以图文并茂，。

既可放在文前，也可以置于文后。

和摘要Abstract 相比，提要Summary 更普及常用，不论是在学术界还是日常交流中都会经常出现，是个总结就可以称之为Summary。

对于综述文章，个人以为，摘要（Abstract）和提要（Summary）之间的区别不是小了或是模糊不清了，而是更加明显了。

综述文章要大量引用前人的成果和文献，篇幅比一般的论文长很多。

要写综述文章的提要（Summary），虽然对句式和语法也有要求，但比摘要容易，描述范围也大一些。

比如综述文章的背景，构思的来龙去脉，以及采用的方法等等。

篇幅可以比摘要长，形式也可以灵活掌握，比如加些图表甚至公式，有利于读者的理解和记忆。

但是要写摘要（Abstract）对文字的精炼程度要求更高，一字千金。

Abstract一、在摘要中直接提出论文主题的句型和句式1、In this paper,we present a… approach to…本文提出了一种针对…的…方法。

2、In this paper,we describe improved… models for…本文介绍几种针对…的改进的…模型。

3、We propose a new… model and…algorithm that enables us to…我们提出一种新的…模型和…算法，它让我们能够…4、We present a…model that enables…我们提出了一种…模型，它使我们能够…5、This paper demonstrates the ability of …to perform robust and accurate…本文证明了…进行…可靠准确的…的能力。

6、In this paper we report results of a…approach to…本文报导了…的…方法的实验结果。

7、This paper demonstrates that…can effectively…with very high accuracy.本文证明，…能够有效地准确地…8、The purpose/goal/intention/objective/object/emphasis/aim of this paper is…本文的目的是…9、The primary/chief/overall/main object of this study is to survey…本研究的首要目标是考察…10、The chief aim of this paper/research/study/experiment/the present work is…本文的主要目标是…11 、The emphasis of this study lies in …我们的研究重点是…12、The work presented in this paper focuses on…本文所述工作重点放在…13、Our goal has been to provide…我们的目标是提供…14、The main objective of our investigation has been to obtain some knowledge of …我们的研究目标是获取有关…的知识。

英文摘要的论文范文有了英文摘要便方便了国际间的交流，取长补短，共同进步。

下面准备了几篇英文摘要的论文范文，欢迎欣赏!英文摘要的论文范文一Fortheviolationoflegitimaterightsandinterestsofconsumersava rietyofoffenses,howtoprovideforthecorrespondinglegalrespons ibilitiesandhowthelegalliabilitysystemreflectedthespecialpr otectionofconsumersshouldbe"ConsumerProtectionLaw"keysolved alegalissue.Tosolvethislegalproblem,itisnecessarytofurtherestablishareg ulatedmarketoperatingordertoprotectlegitimateinterestsofcon sumersandimprovingthelegalliabilitysystem.Ontheonehandistoestablishalegalsystemtheconceptofprotection ofconsumers;theotherhand,istoimproveconsumerprotectionlegalliabilitysys tem.对于侵犯消费者合法权益的各种违法行为，如何规定相应的法律责任以及在法律责任制度中如何体现对消费者的特别保护，应是《消费者权益保护法》重点解决好的一个法律问题。

要解决好这一法律性问题，就必须进一步建立起规范的市场经营秩序和完善保护消费者合法权益的法律责任制度。

一方面是建立消费者的法律体系保护观念;另一方面是完善消费者权益保护的法律责任制度。

英文摘要的论文范文二Titaniumore,electedfrommagiteorTitanmagite,iswidelyusedasth erawmaterialintheproductionoftitaniumdioxide.Titaniumqualit yanditsyieldconstraintsisoftenthebottleneckinthetitaniumind ustry.Thus,wecannotblindlyconsumealargeamountofcapitaltomaintaino rimproveitsqualityandyield.Thispapermakesanattempttoexplore sandoptimizethedevelopmentofthetitaniumindustry,throughinsi deandoutsideobservationandassociation.Inthispaper,flotation testsareconductedtoparetheoriginalpulptitaniumorewithPolyac rylamideandthatwithoutontheconcentrategradeyieldoftitaniumc oncentrates.Inthisprocess,theconsumptionofdrugs,therecoveryrateof,equip mentutilization,theamountandcostofpolyacrylamide(PAM)areall consideredtodeterminewhetheritisaptimizationprogramtoaddPol yacrylamidetotheoriginalflotationpulpoftitaniumore.Finally,wereachaconclusionthroughrelevantdata.Intheexperime ntalprocess,inprinciple,wedonotchangetheoriginalflotationprocessandtherelevantparam eters.Keywords:Titaniumore;Flotation;Polyacrylamide;quality;yield 英文摘要的论文范文三【ABSTRACT】Withthedeepeningoftheglobalization,newshasbeeanimportantpar tofinformationmunicationbetweendifferentcountries.WhetherEnglishnewstranslationisaccurateornotmaydirectlyaffe ctthequalityofourmunicationwithothercountries.InEnglishnews reportdiscourse,theuseofmetaphorexpressionsbeemoreandmore.DuetoEnglishnewsandotherstylisticdifferences,aswellastheEng lishandChineselanguages,ethnicdifferencesinideologyinthepro cessofcross-culturalmunication,makethetranslationofEnglishn ews,especiallyEnglishnewstranslationofmetaphorputforwardgreatch allengetotranslators.SohowtotranslatethemetaphorintheEnglis hnewsisthemutualconcernproblemfortranslationtheoristsandpra ctitionerstodiscuss,therefore,thispaperattemptstofromtheperspectiveofNida'sfunctionalequi valencetheorytodiscussthetranslationofmetaphorinEnglishnews .TheapplicationofmetaphorinEnglishnewsmakeseventsmoredistinc tandvivid,andalsomakeiteasierforEnglishreaderstoprehendandu nderstandthenewscontents.However,duetothedifferencesinEnglishandChineselanguages,the useofmetaphorsinEnglishnewsincreasesthedifficultyoftranslat ion.ThisarticleattemptsfromtheperspectiveofNida'sfunctionalequivalencetheorytodiscussthetranslationofmetaphorinEnglish news,inordertomakeChinesereadersbetterunderstandthesameresponsea ndsenseofbeautyandmeaningofmetaphorsinEnglishnewsastheorigi nalreaders.metaphorRhetoricisnotsimpleoftranslationintoChineseinEnglis hnewsfromtheliteraltransformation,althoughsomerhetoricorare totallythesameinformandcontent,whilethisisjustafew.ThereareculturaldifferencesinEnglishandChineselanguages,inf luencedbydifferentcultures.People'swayofthinkingandexpressi onhavedifferencesinevitably.Whenthetranslatorshouldfirstlyc onsciouslypondertheintentionoftheauthor,digthedeepmeaninghiddenbehindthemetaphorrhetoricofbackgroun d.Underthefunctionalequivalencetheoryregardthetranslatorast heguidance,conformtothelanguagehabitsofthetargetlanguagerea ders,makeChinesereaderscanbetterunderstandthetranslationofm etaphorinEnglishnews.KEYWORD：Englishnews;metaphor;functionalequivalencetheory;translation【中文摘要】随着全球化的深入，新闻成为不同国家之间交流的重要部分。

论文写作中的英文摘要范例AbstractThe abstract is a crucial component of academic writing, providing readers with a concise summary of the research paper. This article aims to demonstrate a sample format for writing an English abstract in academic papers.1. IntroductionIn academic writing, the abstract serves as a brief overview of the research topic, the methodology used, the main findings, and the overall conclusion. It is typically placed at the beginning of the paper, after the title and author information.2. Length and StructureThe length of an abstract can vary depending on the specific guidelines provided by the journal or conference. However, it is generally recommended to keep the abstract within 150 to 300 words. This ensures that the abstract remains concise and informative.3. ContentThe abstract should contain the following elements:- Research Problem: Clearly state the research problem or objective.- Approach/Methodology: Describe the methodology or approach used in the study.- Results: Summarize the main findings and outcomes of the research.- Conclusion: Present the key conclusions or implications of the study.4. Language and Style- Clear and Concise: Use clear and concise language to convey the main points of the research.- Avoid Abbreviations and Jargon: Use full terms instead of abbreviations, unless they are widely recognized.- Past Tense: Write the abstract in the past tense since the research has already been conducted.- Third Person: Write the abstract in the third person, using objective language.5. Example[The following is a fictional example of an abstract for a research paper on climate change.]Title: The Impact of Climate Change on Biodiversity in Tropical RainforestsAbstract:This research aims to investigate the impact of climate change on the biodiversity of tropical rainforests. The study utilized a combination of field surveys, satellite imagery analysis, and statistical modeling to assess changes in species diversity, habitat loss, and ecosystem stability. The results indicated a significant decline in species richness, increased habitat fragmentation, and heightened vulnerability of endemic species to climate-related events. These findings have important implications for conservationstrategies and the management of biodiversity hotspots in the face of climate change. By understanding the effects of climate change on tropical rainforests, policymakers can develop more targeted approaches to mitigate its impact and ensure the long-term survival of these vital ecosystems.6. ConclusionIn conclusion, writing an effective English abstract is crucial for an academic paper as it provides readers with a concise overview of the research. Following the recommended format and guidelines can help researchers communicate their findings accurately and succinctly. By adhering to the suggested structure and style, authors can ensure their abstracts are informative and engaging for readers.。

英文abstract范文In the realm of academic writing, an abstract is a concise summary of a research paper or study, presenting the key points and findings without delving into the details. It serves as a window into the content, enticing readers to explore further.The abstract should begin with a brief introduction of the research topic, highlighting its significance and relevance in the field. It is crucial to establish the context and purpose of the study to pique the interest of the reader.Next, the methodology section of the abstract should succinctly describe the approach taken in the research. Whether it's a qualitative study, quantitative analysis, or a mix of both, the abstract should outline the techniques used to gather and analyze data.Following the methodology, the abstract must present the main findings of the research. These should be presented in a clear and concise manner, avoiding any jargon that could confuse the reader. The goal is to convey the essence of the results without overwhelming the reader with data.The conclusion of the abstract should succinctly summarize the implications of the findings. It should highlight how the research contributes to the existing bodyof knowledge and what the potential impact might be on the field.Lastly, the abstract may include a few keywords that encapsulate the core themes of the research. These keywords help in the indexing of the paper and facilitate easy retrieval by interested readers.Remember, the abstract is often the first and sometimes the only part of a paper that readers will see. It is, therefore, the key to capturing their attention and convincing them of the value of your research.。

摘要的翻译：摘要一：我国现阶段大学英语教学有脱离语境的现实问题，导致学生英语语法知识缺乏，文化意识薄弱，不利于他们的英语认知能力、交际能力发展。

本文从系统功能语言学、二语习得、认知语言学等理论角度分析语境对语言学习的作用，建构了大学英语语境化教学模型，提出运用综合教学方法，以语篇教学为切入点在语境中学习词汇语法，以解决上述大学英语教学问题。

关键词：语境；词汇语法；语言习得；能力培养Abstract: The current teaching of college English is context-free, which results in students' lack of grammatical knowledge and cultural awareness, thus producing negative effects on their cognitive ability and communicative competence. This paper explores the roles of contexts in language learning form the perspectives of systemic-functional linguistics, second language acquisition and cognitive linguistics, and then proposes a mode of teaching college English in contexts. The mode is expected to solve the above-mentioned problems in college English teaching.Key words: context; lexicogrammar; language acquisition; ability development摘要二：语言学习是一种认知行为，语言教学应遵循人类共同的认知规律。