2020年安徽省示范高中皖北协作区第22届高三联考 理科综合 试题及答案

2020年“安徽省示范高中皖北协作区”第22届高三联考理科综合物理部分二、选择题:本题共8小题,每小题6分。

在每小题给出的四个选项中,第14~18题只有一项符合题目要求,第19~21题有多项符合题目要求。

全部选对的得6分,选对但不全的得3分,有选错的得0分。

14.射击时,火药在枪简中燃烧,燃气膨胀做功,推动弹头加速射出枪筒。

已知枪筒的长为,弹头的质量为4 g,离开枪简时的速度为800 m/s 。

若把弹头在枪筒中的运动视作初速度为零的匀加速直线运动,则弹头受到的平均作用力约为N B.5 N ×103N ×103N15.航母阻拦索用于拦停高速着舰的舰载机,被喻为“舰载机生命线”。

如图所示为其结构简图,滑轮1.2、3. 4及液压缸a 、b 、c 固定在甲板平面上,阻拦索绕过滑轮组后闭合。

某时刻舰载机的挂钩勾住阻拦索，形成图示的夹角时,舰载机受到阻拦索的合力大小为F 。

不考虑阻拦索、滑轮的质量及摩擦，则此时单个柱塞所受阻拦索的合力大小为 A.3F B.3F D. 3F16.如图所示,水平放置的平行板电容器,上极板带正电,下极板带负电，一带电粒子由a 点以水平向右的初速度射入两极板间,随后某时刻粒子经过b 点。

下列判断正确的是B. a 点电势φa 高于b 点电势φbpa 大于在b 点的电势能E pbka 大于在b 点的动能E kb17.用频率为v 的某单色光照射锌板,电子逸出锌板表面的最大初动能为E k 。

已知普朗克常量为h,则下列判断正确的是A.若增加该单色光的光照强度,则逸出电子的最大初动能一定增 加B.若单色光的频率变为2v,则逸出电子的最大初动能为2E kk hv E +k E v h- 18.2019年4月10日晚9时许,人类史上首张黑洞照片面世,有望证实广义相对论在极端条件下仍然成立!某同学查阅资料发现黑洞的半径R 和质量M 满足关系式22GM R c =(其中G 为引力常量,真空中的光速×108m/s),他借助太阳发出的光传播到地球需要大约8分钟和地球公转的周期1年,估算太阳“浓缩"为黑洞时,对应的半径约为A.3000 mB.300 mC.30 mD.3 m19.如图所示,轻杆两端分别固定质量m A =1 kg 、m B =2 kg 的小球A 、B,O 为光滑的水平固定转轴,与A、B两球心的距离分别为AO=、BO=。

2020届安徽省示范高中皖北协作区高三第22届联考理科综合化学试卷★祝考试顺利★(解析版)可能用到的相对原子质量：H1 C 12 N 14 O16 Na23 A127 Si28 S32 Ca 401.西晋张华《博物志》载：“临邛(今四川邛崃)火井一所,纵广五尺,深二三丈.昔时人以竹木投以取火.以盆盖井上,煮盐得盐。

”文中涉及的操作方法是A. 蒸馏B. 升华C. 干馏D. 结晶【答案】D【详解】A. 蒸馏是利用混合液体中各组分沸点不同,低沸点的组分蒸发,再冷凝进行分离,故A 不符合题意；B. 升华,是固体直接变气体,煮盐是蒸发水份,故B不符合题意；C. 干馏是隔绝空气加强热,题中没有隔绝空气,故C不符合题意；D. 煮盐得盐,从而说明是结晶操作的方法,故D符合题意。

综上所述,答案为D。

2.下列关于有机物乙苯( )的说法正确的是A. 沸点比苯高B. 分子中所有碳原子不可能共平面C. 二氯代物共有12种D.能与H2发生加成反应,说明分子中含有碳碳双键【答案】A 【解析】【详解】A. 乙苯相对分子质量大,范德华力越大,沸点比苯高,故A正确；B. 乙苯中乙基的第1个碳原子一定在平面内,第2个碳原子可能共平面,因此所有碳原子可能共平面,故B错误；C. 乙苯在同一个碳原子上二氯代物有2种,Cl原子在1号碳上,二氯代物有4种,Cl 原子在2号碳上,二氯代物有3种,Cl原子在3号碳上,二氯代物有4种,Cl原子在4号碳上,二氯代物有2种,共有15种,故C错误；D. 分子中不含有碳碳双键,是介于碳碳单键和双键之间独特的键,故D错误。

综上所述,答案为A。

3.利用如图所示装置进行下列实验,能得出相应实验结论的是实验试剂甲试剂乙试剂丙实验结论A 浓硝酸铜片淀粉—KI溶液氧化性：NO2＞I2B 稀硫酸FeS 含AgNO3的AgCl浊液Ksp(AgCl)＞Ksp(Ag2S)C 浓氨水CaO 紫色石蕊溶液氨水呈碱性D 稀盐酸石灰石BaCl2溶液丙中生成BaCO3沉淀A. AB. BC. CD. D【答案】C【详解】A. 铜和浓硝酸常温下反应生成二氧化氮,由于浓硝酸易挥发,挥发出的硝酸能使淀粉—KI试纸变蓝,不能证明氧化性：NO2＞I2,故A不符合题意；B. 稀硫酸和FeS反应生成硫化氢,硫化氢与AgNO3反应生成Ag2S,不一定发生沉淀的转化,故B不符合题意；C. 浓氨水与CaO反应生成氨气,氨气溶于水显碱性,使紫色石蕊溶液变蓝,故C符合题意；D. 稀盐酸与石灰石反应生成二氧化碳,二氧化碳与BaCl2溶液不反应,故D不符合题意。

2020年安徽高考理科综合试题及答案注意事项：1．答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。

2．回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑，如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其它答案标号。

回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。

3．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

可能用到的相对原子质量：H 1 C 12 N 14 O 16 Na 23 Al 27 P 31 S 32 Cl 35.5 V 51 Fe56一、选择题：本题共13个小题，每小题6分。

共78分，在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的。

1．新冠肺炎疫情警示人们要养成良好的生活习惯，提高公共卫生安全意识。

下列相关叙述错误的是A．戴口罩可以减少病原微生物通过飞沫在人与人之间的传播B．病毒能够在餐具上增殖，用食盐溶液浸泡餐具可以阻止病毒增殖C．高温可破坏病原体蛋白质的空间结构，煮沸处理餐具可杀死病原体D．生活中接触的物体表面可能存在病原微生物，勤洗手可降低感染风险2．种子贮藏中需要控制呼吸作用以减少有机物的消耗。

若作物种子呼吸作用所利用的物质是淀粉分解产生的葡萄糖，下列关于种子呼吸作用的叙述，错误的是A．若产生的CO2与乙醇的分子数相等，则细胞只进行无氧呼吸B．若细胞只进行有氧呼吸，则吸收O2的分子数与释放CO2的相等C．若细胞只进行无氧呼吸且产物是乳酸，则无O2吸收也无CO2释放D．若细胞同时进行有氧和无氧呼吸，则吸收O2的分子数比释放CO2的多3．某研究人员以小鼠为材料进行了与甲状腺相关的实验，下列叙述错误的是A．切除小鼠垂体，会导致甲状腺激素分泌不足，机体产热减少B．给切除垂体的幼年小鼠注射垂体提取液后，其耗氧量会增加C．给成年小鼠注射甲状腺激素后，其神经系统的兴奋性会增强D．给切除垂体的小鼠注射促甲状腺激素释放激素，其代谢可恢复正常4．为达到实验目的，需要选用合适的实验材料进行实验。

2020年“安徽省示范高中皖北协作区”第22届高三联考英语第二部分阅读理解(共两节,满分40分) AStart a summer company : studentsHow it worksThrough a program called Summer Company, you can get:* start-up money to kick-off a new summer business* advice and guide from local business leaders to help get the business up and runningLearning how to run your own student business is one of the best summer jobs you can have. You get to beyour own boss while learning what it takes to manage a business. Sales ，marketing, bookkeeping, customer relationship management and networking are just a few of the highly useful sills you’' Who is eligible( 具备条件的)You could be eligible, if you :* go to high school, college or university* live in Ontario* are a Canadian citizen or permanent resident* are between 15-29 years old( if under 18: a parent or guardian must sign the agreement for the applicant)* are not already running a business* are not working at another job or going to school for more than 12 hours a week during the program* are returning to school after the program endsYou cannot apply again if you have received a Summer Company grant in the past.Award amountMaximum award: $3 ,000.Successful Summer Company applicants get: .* up to $1,500 to help with start-up costs* up to $1,500 when you successfully complete the program requirements and hoursHow to applyThe program for 2020 is open through May 19. Here are the steps to apply:* Check to see if you’re eligible for the program* Complete the online application inquiry* Select your local program provider* Assign yourself a password* Submit your application inquiry21. The following skills can be developed through the program except_____A. salesB. marketingC. relationshipD. networking22. If you want to start a summer company, which of the following conditions is not suitable?A. You are between 18-29 years old.B. You are not already running a business.C. You are a Canadian citizen or permanent resident.D. You will attend school for over 12 hours a week during the program.23. When can you apply for the program?A. May 18, 2020.B. May 20, 2020.C. June 18, 2020. .D. June 20, 2020.BKeeping your teenager out of the social media world is impossible. Whether we like it or not, our kidsare growing up in a digital era- -and although that creates major opportunities, it also comes with some pretty big risks. We saw this firsthand when we asked a group of tweens and teens to give up their phonesand social media for a week; it was as though we' d asked them to part with a limb.A recent study of more than 10 ,000 six- to twelve-grade girls carried out by a nonprofit organizationRuling Our Experiences found that high school girls spend an average of six hours a day on social media.And the effect of too much logged-on time is clear. The study found kids who spend eight hours or more on technology per day are five times more likely to be sad or depressed. Adding to the pressure is that2 out of 3 high school girls report being asked to send a revealing photo to another person, and most of them report that they do send sexual texts and photos to each other.Another study, carried out by Common Sense Media, found that girls use social media more than boys and are also more likely to experience negative consequences. Most of the girls investigated admitted that content posted online often makes them worry about their appearance or social status, while just a quarter ofInternet came to a similar the boys said the same. An earlier study from the Pew Research Center’sconclusion: A third of 12- to 13-year-old girls who used social media believed their peers were mostly unkind to each other online , while only 9 percent of the boys agreed.rns about boys and the impact of digital Of course, these di fferences don' t mean we shouldn’t have conceoverload or online bulling. In fact, other studies have shown that boys and girls can be equally damaged by social media. The most important thing is for tens to feel safe, online and in the real world alike.24. What is the second paragraph mainly about?A. The pressure of the high school girls logging-on.B. The influence of too much logged-on time on high school girls.C. Too much time spent on social media for high school girls.D. The increasing population of the high school girls logging-on.in paragraph 2?25. Which of the following can replace the underlined word “revealing”A. Exposed.B. Interesting.C. Funny.D. Romantic.26. Why are the girls more likely to experience negative effect online than boys?A. Because the girls' social status is low.B. Because the girls are mostly unkind to each other.C. Because the girls use social media more than boys.D. Because the girls pay more attention to their appearance.27. What can be inferred from the passage?A. Parents should keep teens out of the social media.B. Parents keep teens feel safe online and in the real life.C. It is time to worry about your teens and social media.D. Boys and girls can be equally damaged by social media.CIt often seems that some people possess superhuman eating powers , allowing them to eat an entire pizza while remaining slim. Others only eat a slice but gain five pounds. Now one doctor says there' s evidencethat genetics could be behind some of these differences. Regardless of how much you eat, your weight maybe out of control.Vann Bennett, a biochemist at Duke University and his team led a new study and discovered why this happens. They engineered mice to have several common modifications of the gene found in humans. Theyobserved that mice who had mutations of ankyrin-B(锚蛋白B的变异) took more glucose(葡萄糖) into their fat ell, which in turn made more fat. Typically, the cell membrane( 膜) acts as a barrier to prevent glucose from entering these cells ; the change k ept the gate open. The change may serve a useful purpose.obably this is not always a bad thing," Bennett told Newsweek. “It could help people survive hunger in the past. But today we have somuch food that it probably is a bad thing. ”Dieters have long been told to watch their calories and exercise more, but this new finding suggests thata common approach doesn't work for everyone. Our metabolism( 新陈代谢) naturally slows with age, making it harder to maintain the weight of our 30-year-old selves when we' re 50. Now add an uncontrollable ankyrin-B gene, and it may seem impossible to stay slim.The mice in the study gained more weight when on high-fat diets. Despite being studied in mice, the researchers believe further research on this gene could potentially create a field of customized diets and health plans based on genetics. Bennett imagines such assessments being performed at birth one day. For now, disappointed dieters can take comfort with one saying: It's not you, it's your genes.28. How did a mouse gain weight with mutations of ankyrin-B?A. The ankyrin-B could make the mouse eat more.B. The fat cells in the mouse would take more glucose to create more fat.C. The glucose could function as a barrier to prevent the fat from reducing.D. The cell membrane in the mouse could open the gate of fat into the mouse.29. What was the effect of the change in the past in paragraph 2?A. It could help people to avoid fat food.B. It could help people to absorb more nutrition.C. It could help people to get through the starvation.D. It could help people to enjoy more delicious snacks.30. Why is it more difficult to stay slim when we are older?A. Because we all lack exercise.B. Because we have ankyrin-B genes.C. Because we watch our calories less.D. Because our metabolism weakens.31. What can be expected from further research?A. It may help people to maintain the weight.B. It may provide more comfort for the depressed dieters.gene arrangement.C. It may change many new-born babies’D. It may present human beings with a series of health plans.DBack in 1975，economists planned rising life expectancy( 预期寿命) against countries ’wealth，and concluded that wealth itself increases longevity. It seemed self- evident: everything people need to be healthy--from food to medical care- costs money.But it soon proved that the data didn't always fit that theory. Economic booms didn ' t always mean longer lives. In addition，for reasons that weren’t clear， a given gain in gross domestic product ( GDP ) caused increasingly higher gains in life expectancy over time, as though it was becoming cheaper to add years oflife. Moreover, in the 1980s researchers found gains in learning were associated with greater increases in life expectancy than gains in wealth were. Finally, the more educated people in any country tend to live longerthan their less educated fellow citizens. But such people also tend to be wealthier, so it has been difficult to make out which factor is increasing lifespan.Wolfgang Lutz and his colleagues have now done that by collecting average data on GDP per person，lifespan, and years of education from 174 countries，dating from 1970 to 2010. They found that, just as in1975，wealth associated with longevity. But the association between longevity and years of schooling was closer, with a direct relationship that did not change over time, the way wealth does.Lutz argues that because schooling happens many years before a person has attained their life expectancy,this association reflects cause : better education drives longer life. It also leads to more wealth, which is whywealth and longevity are also associated. But what is important, says Lutz, is that wealth does not seem to be longevity, as experts thought- in fact, education is driving both of them.He thinks this is because education permanently improves a person’s cognitive abilities ,allowing better planning and self-control throughout the rest of their life. This idea is supported by the fact that people whoare more intelligent appear to live longer.32. Which of the following best describes economists ’conclusion in 1975?A. Lifespan could be increased by wealth.B. Economic growth didn’t always mean longer life.C. Education influenced longevity more than wealth did.D. A given growth in GDP caused higher gains in longevity.33. What did Wolfgang Lutz and his colleagues find?A. Wealth and longevity did not have any association.B. Longevity and education were more closely associated.C. Differences in wealth predicted differences in longevity.D. Relationship between education and longevity changed over time.34. What part does education play permanently according to Lutz?A. It enables people to have better planning and self-control.B. It always leads to a longer but not necessarily richer life.C. It improves people’s imaginative and innovative abilities.D. It helps people acquire time-managing and learning habits.35. Which of the following is the best title for this passage?A. Wealth influences longevity.B. Education influences longevity.C. Wealth has nothing to do with longevity.D. The relationship between education and wealth.第二节(共5小题;每小题2分,满分10分)The first time I went to a playground in Berlin, I was surprised. All the German parents were huddledtogether, drinking coffee, not paying attention to their children who were hanging off a wooden dragon 20feet above a sand pit. Contrary to stereotypes(模式化观念)，most German parents I’ve met are the oppositehey were trusting them. Here areof strict. 36 . Those parents at the park weren’t ignoring their children; ta few surprising things Berlin ’s parents do:Don't push reading. Berlin ’s kindergartens don’t emphasize academics. In fact, teachers and o discouraged me from teaching my children to read._ 37 . But even in first grade, academics aren’t pushedvery hard. Our grade school provides a half-day of instruction interrupted by two outdoor breaks.38 . A note came home from school along with my excited second grader. They were doing a projecton fire. Would I let her light candles and perform experiments with. matches? Together we lit candles andburned things, safely. It was brilliant.Let children go almost everywhere alone. Most grade school kids walk without their parents to schooland around their neighborhoods. Some even take the subway alone._ 39 of course, but they usually focuson traffic.，not abductions(绑架).Take the kids outside every day. According to a German saying, “There is no such thing as bad weather,time is promoted in the schools._ 40 No matter how coldonly unsuitable clothing.”The value of outsideand grey it gets, and in Berlin it gets pretty cold, parents still bundle their kids up and take them to the park,or send them out on their own.A. Encourage kids to play with fireB. Inspire children to go out for leisureC. German parents are concerned about safetyD. It's also obvious on Berlin ' s numerous playgroundsE. Kindergarten was a time for play and social learningF. They place a high value on independence and responsibilityG.I was told it was something special that the kids learn together when they start grade school第三部分语言知识运用(共两节,满分45分)第一节(共20小题;每小题 1.5分,满分30分)阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出可以填人空白处的最佳选项,并在答题卡.上将该项涂黑。

2020年4月安徽皖北协作区第22届高三联考语文试卷考生注意：1.答题前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号填写在试卷和答题卡上，并将考生号条形码粘贴在答题卡上的指定位置。

2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡对应题目的答案标号涂黑。

如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。

回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。

写在本试卷上无效。

3.考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

一、现代文阅读（36分）（一）论述类文本阅读（本题共3小题,9分）阅读下面的文字，完成1~3题。

截至目前,我国共公布了五批传统村落6819个。

中国传统村落已成为世界上规模最大、仍然鲜活的文化遗产。

在我国，传统村落分布相对集中，形成了“一心、三片、多组团、多特色”分布特点。

这些种类繁多、生动多彩的传统村落，形成了人类文化多样性的重要支撑，它们既是世界农耕文明的源头和我国农耕文明最集中的反映，也是中华民族复兴的源泉所在。

在城乡关系重构的今天，传统村落已成为传统文化传承与重塑的重要载体和诗意栖居的家园。

当前，传统村落面临的紧迫任务依然是严格保护。

经过很长一段时期的努力，我们遏制了传统村落的自然消亡，但是空心化、建设性破坏、资金不足等依然是传统村落保护面临的主要挑战。

对传统村落进行严格保护，一方面需要开展传统村落谱系研究，充分利用现代信息技术实施精细化记录和管理，把传统村落中有价值的内容进行进一步明确。

另一方面则要健全传统村落保护体系，分级分类，精准保护利用。

对于有一定价值的传统村落，要保护好传统风貌，充分挖掘特色，适度恢复和还原，促进传统建筑的改善利用。

让传统村落走向现代，离不开完善基础设施，提升人居环境。

当前历史村镇最突出的矛盾之一就是居住者对现代生活的要求与历史文化的冲突。

对此，我们要重点研究和突破，进一步改善传统村落的基础设施和人居环境，包括加强公共服务，完善公共服务设施、配设小型综合体等。

通过优化调整适宜的产业，促进传统村落实现农业与二、三产业融合发展,进一步发展生态农业、特色农业。

2020年“安徽省示范高中皖北协作区”第22届高三联考理科综合生物部分1.下列关于细胞结构与功能的叙述,错误的是A.细胞膜上的蛋白质具有运输、催化、识别等功能B.正常生理状态下,溶酶体能分解细胞自身的结构C.核糖体是细胞内“生产蛋白质的机器”,其形成都与核仁有关D.细胞骨架与真核细胞的运动、分裂、分化等生命活动密切相关2.关于图中曲线所示内容，下列说法错误的是A.若横坐标代表时间,纵坐标代表原生质层与细胞壁之间的距离,则OP段植物细胞的吸水能力不断增强B.若横坐标代表物质浓度，纵坐标代表物质运输速率,则葡萄糖进入红细胞可用该曲线表示C.若横坐标代表酶促反应的时间,纵坐标代表生成物的量，则P点时增加酶量可使曲线上升D.若横坐标代表光照强度，纵坐标代表光合速率,则降低环境中的CO2浓度可使P点向左下方移动3.图1为生物体内某生理过程示意图，图2为生物体遗传信息传递示意图。

下列叙述正确的是A.共有两种RNA参与图1所示过程B.噬菌体和酵母菌均可发生图1所示过程C.人体细胞中不可能发生图2中⑤过程D.图2中①②③④⑤过程均发生碱基互补配对4.颅面骨发育不全症是由常染色体上显性基因A控制的一种单基因遗传病,其中基因型为AA 的个体全部患病;基因型为Aa的个体有90%患病,10%正常;基因型为aa的个体全部正常。

下图为某家族该病的系谱图,其中I1、II1不含有致病基因。

不考虑染色体变异和基因突变,下列叙述正确的是A.I2和I3患病个体的基因型相同.B. II1与I2再生一个孩子,患该病的概率为45%C.III6与一个表现型正常的男性婚配,后代均不会患该病D.调查颅面骨发育不全症的发病率时应选择患者家系进行调查5.除五大类植物激素外,植物体内还有一些天然物质也在调节着植物的生长发育过程,如油菜素(甾体类化合物)可以有效促进植物营养器官的生长,已被确认为第六类植物激素。

下列相关叙述错误的是A.油菜素作为基因表达的直接产物,具有微量、高效的特点B.油菜素不直接参与细胞代谢,而是给细胞传达调节代谢的信息C.在促进植物的营养器官生长时,油菜素与生长素存在协同作用D.人工合成的油菜素属于植物生长调节剂，可广泛用于农业生产6.小麦原产西亚,两河流域是世界.上最早栽培小麦的地区。