新初中英语语法知识—名词的解析
- 格式:doc
- 大小:48.00 KB
- 文档页数:9
名词一、普通名词和专有名词1.普通名词普通名词是指非特定的人、事物或地点的名称或一个抽象概念的名称。
按意义可分为个体名词、集体名词、物质名词和抽象名词。
按可数不可数可以分为可数名词和不可数名词。
一般来说,个体名词和集体名词属于可数名词,物质名词和抽象名词属于不可数名词。
Tips:有些抽象名词可数,如:an idea2.专有名词专有名词指特定的人、事物、机构、地点名称或月份、节假日等名称。
专有名词首字母要大写。
二、可数名词和不可数名词1.可数名词●可数名词指可以用数量表示的人、事物、地点或动物的名称;可数名词具有单数和复数形式,可以用数字等修饰a Chinese teacher 一个中文老师six Chinese teachers 六个中文老师单数可数名词是用来指一个人、一只动物、一个地点或一件事物的名词。
复数可数名词则指●复数名词的构成Tips:fish有两种复数形式:指鱼的数量,单数和复数同形(a fish一条鱼、three fish三条鱼、lots of fish许多鱼);如果强调鱼的种类,复数加-es或用同形fish(different species of fishes/different species of fish不同种类的鱼)。
fish还可以是不可数名词,意思是鱼肉,无复数形式。
2.不可数名词不可数名词不可以用数量来表示,即不可以用数字等修饰;不可数名词都是单数名词,没有复数形式。
●一些常见的不可数名词money/tea/rice/rain/news/traffic/water/weather/work/advice/bread/butter/cheese/coffee/milk /knowledge/oil/snow/information/hair/bread3.名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式还是复数形式可数名词可以与动词单数形式或复数形式连用;不可数名词后面只能接动词单数形式。
一、选择题1.I am hungry. But there is little left. I have to go and buy some.A.sandwiches B.potatoes C.water D.bread2.I’m hungry. I want some _________.A.water B.bread C.toys D.homework3.Is it a picture_________ your school?A.of B.to C.and D.with4.---- _________ is it from Nanjing to Beijing?--- It’s less than three ___________ flight.A.How long, hour’s B.How far, hour’sC.How long, hours’D.How far, hours’5.—I hear your family have made up their ________ to India next month. Have a pleasant journey.—Thank you.A.mind travelling B.minds travellingC.mind to travel D.minds to travel6.Some ________went to Japan to help when they knew that many ________ lost their homes in the earthquake.A.Germen; Japanese B.Frenchmen; Japaneses C.Germans; Japanese 7.—Kate, I will go to the Guangzhou Zoo next week, because I will have a ________ holiday —You mean you can have ________ off? Oh, that’s great!A.three-day; three days B.three- day; three days’C.three days’; three-day D.three days; three days8.Good food and_______help her_______better.A.exercise; study B.exercise; studiesC.exercises; studying D.exercises; to study9.Here_______some of the results. Most students think_______are cheaper than cars. A.is; the bike B.are; bikesC.are; the bike D.is; bikes10.—What can I do for you?—Err, I want a glass of milk, some bread and .A.some chickens B.any chicken C.some chicken11._______mother usually cooks for_______ at the weekend.A.Lily and Nick; their B.Lily's and Nick's; themC.Lily and Nick's; their D.Lily and Nick's; them12.Alan usually goes to Harbin in .He likes playing with snow.A.May B.July C.September D.November 13.Thanks for the two _______________you gave(给)to me.A.tape player B.tapes players C.tape players D.taper players 14.—________ shows are getting more and more popular.—That's true. And many people are truly________.A.Talent; talent B.Talent; talented C.Talented; talented D.Talented; talent 15.—_________ is it from Wuxi to Shanghai?—It’s about ________ drive.A.How long; a two hours’B.How far; a two-hoursC.How far; two hours’D.How long; a two-hour16.—Let's ____________ some salad.—Sorry, I don't like ____________ .A.have; them B.to have; it C.have; it D.to have; them 17.I to be popular in school, but now I get attention everywhere I go. A.wasn’t used; many B.didn’t use; tons of C.used not; many 18.Let’s wish the food festival .A.succeed B.success C.successful 19.—What're these_______English?—They are________.A.at; knifes B.in; knives C.in, knifes20.This is Bob Smith. His last name is________.A.Bob B.Smith C.Bob Smith 21.Mary, please get some ________for me.A.orange B.pear C.tomato22.There are some ________and ________ on the table.A.potatoes; tea B.chicken; sweets C.tomatos; porks D.tomatos; milk 23.In fact, he didn’t explain the cause the accident us clearly.A.for; to B.of; to C.for; for D.of; for 24.—Whose desk is it? Is it the ________?—Yes. It is ________.A.twins'; Liz's and Lillie's B.twin's; Liz's and Lillie'sC.twins'; Liz and Lillie's D.twin's; Liz and Lillie's25.The computer is _______________.A.Amy's and Lily's B.Amy and Lily C.Amy's and Lily D.Amy and Lily's 【参考答案】***试卷处理标记,请不要删除一、选择题1.D解析:D【解析】【详解】句意:我饿了。
初中英语语法重点知识汇总英语语法是学习英语的重要一环,掌握好语法知识可以帮助我们正确地使用英语,提高英语的表达能力。
下面将对初中英语语法的重点知识进行汇总,希望对大家的学习有所帮助。
一、名词(Noun)名词是指人、事物、地点等的名称。
根据不同的规则,名词可以分为可数名词和不可数名词。
1. 可数名词(Countable Noun):可数名词可以单独数出来,有单数和复数的区别。
如:book(书)- books(书们)。
2. 不可数名词(Uncountable Noun):不可数名词表示无法单独数出来的东西,没有复数形式。
如:water(水)、rice(米饭)。
二、冠词(Article)冠词用于修饰名词的前面,分为定冠词和不定冠词。
1. 定冠词(Definite Article):指特定的人或事物。
定冠词是“the”。
2. 不定冠词(Indefinite Article):指泛指的人或事物。
不定冠词有两种形式,单数形式用“a”,复数形式用“some”。
三、形容词(Adjective)形容词是用来修饰名词或代词的词语,用来描述人或事物的特征、性质等。
形容词通常位于名词前面。
1. 形容词的比较级和最高级:形容词有原级、比较级和最高级三种形式。
一般情况下,在形容词后面加“-er”构成比较级,加“-est”构成最高级。
2. 形容词的位置:形容词通常位于名词前面。
但部分形容词,如tall、old等,可以放在名词后面作定语。
四、动词(Verb)动词表示人或事物的动作、状态、存在等。
动词有时态和语态的变化。
1. 时态(Tense):动词的时态分为一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时等。
时态的变化可以通过动词的词形变化来表现,如动词的过去式、过去分词等。
2. 语态(Voice):动词的语态有主动语态和被动语态。
主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者,被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。
五、副词(Adverb)副词是修饰动词、形容词、其他副词或整个句子的词语。
一、选择题1.— Is this room yours? —No, it's not__________.It's __________.A.mine; Lily's and Lucy's B.my; Lily and Lucy'sC.my; theirs D.mine; Sally's2.—Let’s make a banana milk shake.—How many ________ do we need?A.bananas B.cup of milk C.honey3.With the ________ of society, our environment is becoming worse and worse. So we should do what we can ________ our environment.A.development; to protect B.developing; to protect C.development; protect D.develop; protect4.—What does your mother have for dinner?—A.Chickens and tomato B.Chicken and tomatoes.C.Chicken and tomato.5.—There are beautiful flowers everywhere to celebrate the National Day, and we have—________ holiday. That means we have seven days ________ for this public holiday.A.a seven-day; off B.a seven-days; awayC.seven-day; over D.a seven-days’; off6.—Tom likes soccer.What club can he join?—He can join the ______ club.A.sport B.musicC.sports D.swimming7.Do you know the three ______ under the tree? Their mothers are all ______in our school. A.boy students; woman teachers B.boy students; women teachersC.boys students; women teachers D.boys students; woman teachers 8.—What can I do for you?—Err, I want a glass of milk, some bread and .A.some chickens B.any chicken C.some chicken9.The computer is _______________.A.Amy's and Lily's B.Amy and Lily C.Amy's and Lily D.Amy and Lily's 10.I am hungry. But there is little left. I have to go and buy some.A.sandwiches B.potatoes C.water D.bread11.I guess __________bikes are yellow. They have many things in the same color.A.Lucy's and Lily's B.Lucy and Lily's C.Lucy and Lily D.Lucy's and Lily 12.________wild animals are disappearing because of the ________of their living areas. A.The number of; lost B.The number of; losing C.A number of; loseD.A number of; loss13.— How _______ is it from Xi'an to Dunhuang? — It's less than 3 _______ flight.A.long; hour's B.far; hour's C.long; hours' D.far, hours' 14.That is my ________ and my ________ are on it.A.desk; books B.desks; book C.desks; books D.desk, book15.________ your reading speed, or you can’t finish the English reading materials in ________ limited time.A.Increase; 100 minutes’B.To increase; a 100-minute C.Increasing; 100-minutes’16.I’m happy ________ a friend of ________.A.to visit, my B.visiting my C.to visit, mine D.visiting, my 17.Some bananas ______ in the bag. Some mutton ______ on the table.A.are; are B.is; is C.are; is D.is; are18.--What kind of noodles you like?--I’d l ike noodles.A.do;tomatoes B.would;tomato C.do;tomato D.would;tomatoes 19.As we know, China was the first country in the world________.A.make papers B.to make papers C.to make paper 20.These aren’t.They’re my brother’s.A.pen;mine B.pens;mineC.pen;my D.pens;my21.Is that your ________?A.a picture B.photos C.photoes D.picture 22.Learning English in a classroom is important, but using English in real ________ will improve skills greatly.A.conditions B.situations C.events D.positions 23.Mary, please get some ________for me.A.orange B.pear C.tomato24.There are some ________and ________ on the table.A.potatoes; tea B.chicken; sweets C.tomatos; porks D.tomatos; milk 25.—Kate, what do you have ____________ dinner?—I have some____________, And I like them very much.A./; chicken B.for; chicken C./; vegetables D.for; vegetables 【参考答案】***试卷处理标记,请不要删除一、选择题1.D解析:D【解析】【详解】句意:——这是你的房间?——不,这不是我的房间,这是Sally的房间。
初中英语语法讲解——名词一、定义名词是表示人或事物名称的词。
它既可以表示具体的东西,也可以是表示抽象的东西。
二、分类1.名词可以根据意义分为普通名词和专有名词如:john is a studentstudent是普通名词,john是专有名词普通名词前可以用不定冠词a/an, 定冠词the 或不加冠词,专有名词前一般不加冠词,专有名词的首字母要大写。
2.普通名词又可以分为个体名词、集体名词、物质名词和抽象名词,其中个体名词与集体名词是可数名词,物质名词和抽象名称是不可数名词。
3.专有名词专有名词是表示人名、地名、团体、机构、组织等的专有名词,多为独一无二的事物。
三、名词的数1、名词分为可数名词和不可数名词。
可数名词——可以数的名词不可数名词——数不清(没有复数)drink?milk tea water orange juice coke coffee porridgefood?rice bread meat fish fruit cake dumplings2、可数名词与不定冠词a(an)连用有数数形式,不可数名词不能与不定冠词a(an)连用,没有复数形式many+可数名词复数much/a little+不可数名词some, any , a lot of (lots of) 两者都可以修饰。
3、可数名词可以直接用数词来修饰不可数名词数词 +量词 +of + 名词对可数名词的数量提问用how many对不可数名词的数量提问用 how much4、不可数名词的量有以下两种表示方法:1)some, much ,a little ,a lot of ,a bit of ,plenty of 用等表示多少。
注意既可以与可数名词复数,又可以与不可数名词连用的有:plenty of ,some ,a lot of,lots of ,most of 等。
如there is much water in the bottle .瓶中有很多水。
初中英语语法之名词概念:是表示人、事物、抽象概念等名称的词。
一、名词的分类二、名词的数:可数名词都有单数和复数之分;不可数名词没有复数形式。
▲可数名词是可以用简单的数词进行计数的名词,如:box, child, orange;▲不可数名词是不可以用简单的数词进行计数的名词。
如:water(水), oil(油), population(人口), cake(蛋糕), paper(纸), thread(线), cloth(布),furniture(家具), coal(煤), news(新闻), advice(意见), information(信息), work(工作), meat(肉)1、规则的可数名词的复数变化规则:1)一般情况加–s :books,mouths,houses,girls等。
2)以s,sh,ch,x结尾的加–es:classes,boxes,matches等。
3)辅音字母+ y结尾的变y为ies:cities,countries,parties,factories等。
4)以o 结尾的词+es:heroes,Negroes,tomatoes,potatoes等。
以o 结尾+s:radios,zoos,bamboos,pianos,kilos,photos等。
5)以f,fe 结尾的多数+es:leaves,lives,wives,knives,halves,wolves等。
直接+ s 的名词:roofs proofs, gulfs, beliefs等。
注意:中学课本中以o结尾的名词构成复数时,加es的只有negro(黑人),hero(英雄),potato(土豆),tomato(西红杮),volcano(火山),这就是“两人两菜一火山”。
或:黑人和英雄吃土豆和西红柿。
Negroes and heroes eat tomatoes and potatoes.其余以o结尾的名词变复数时均加s。
1.名词(n.):名词用来表示人、事物或抽象概念,如:boy 男孩,morning 早晨,duty 责任;在句子中主要作主语、表语、宾语、补足语、同位语、定语等。
例如:The tomatoes on the table are very fresh. 桌子上的西红柿很新鲜。
(作主语)He is a doctor. 他是个医生。
(作表语)We’ll call the baby Mary. 我们要给这个婴儿取名玛丽。
(作宾语补足语)英语的名词可以分为可数名词和不可数名词。
表示可以计数的事物的名词叫可数名词,一般有单数和复数形式两种形式,但有时两种形式是相同的。
可数名词单数形式可以与不定冠词连用,例如:a book(一本书);an apple (一个苹果)。
可数名词复数形式可以与few,a few,many,several等连用,例如:a few girls。
不可数名词是表示不可以计数的事物的名词,不能用不定冠词a(an)或数词one修饰,并且不分单复数,物质名词、抽象名词和专有名词一般都是不可数的,例如:milk (牛奶);education(教育)。
2. 可数名词的单数变为复数的规则:(1)一般情况下,在可数名词的单数形式后面加字母-s构成复数形式。
例如:book -books pen -pens eraser -erasers(2)以字母x;s;ch;sh结尾的单词,其复数形式是在单词后面加字母-es。
例如:bus -buses box -boxes watch -watches(3)以辅音字母+y结尾的可数名词,其复数形式是把字母y变为i再加-es。
例如:baby -babies country-countries city -cities注意:如果是以元音字母+y结尾的单词则直接加字母-s。
例如:boy -boys toy-toys(4)以字母f或者fe结尾的可数名词,其复数形式是先把字母f变为v再加-es。
初中英语语法知识点整理总结(超详细),学霸人手一份初中英语语法知识点整理总结一、名词(Noun)1. 名词可分为可数名词和不可数名词。
可数名词有单数和复数形式,而不可数名词没有复数形式。
2. 名词的复数形式:a. 大多数名词在词尾加-s:book-books, girl-girlsb. 以-s, -sh, -ch, -x, -o结尾的名词在词尾加-es:box-boxes, class-classesc. 以辅音字母+y结尾的名词变y为i, 再加-es:family-families, baby-babiesd. 以-f, -fe结尾的名词变f或fe为v, 再加-es:leaf-leaves, half-halvese. 一些名词变化不规则:man-men, woman-women, child-children3. 名词的所有格:a. 单数名词在词尾加-'s:Tom's book(汤姆的书)b. 复数名词在词尾加-':the boys' bikes(男孩们的自行车)4. 名词的用法:a. 作主语:A dog is an animal.(狗是一种动物)b. 作宾语:I like apples.(我喜欢苹果)c. 作表语:The book is interesting.(这本书很有趣)d. 作定语:a car key(一把车钥匙)e. 作宾补:I find the movie exciting.(我觉得这部电影很刺激)二、冠词(Article)1. 不定冠词a/an:a. a用于以辅音音素(consonant phoneme)开头的词前:a book(一本书)b. an用于以元音音素(vowel phoneme)开头的词前:an apple(一个苹果)2. 定冠词the:a. 用于特指某一事物或人:the book(这本书)b. 用于上文已提及的事物或人:There is a book. The book is interesting.(这里有一本书。
初中英语语法初中英语语法归纳:名词初中英语学习最难的是语法,因为英语的语法跟汉语的语法有很大的不同。
对于从小就生活在中国的同学们,学起英语语法来会显得特别吃力。
下面为大家讲解一下初中英语名词的语法特点。
一、名词(n.) 表示人、事物或抽象概念的名称的词(一)名词的分类名词分为普通名词和专有名词,其中普通名词包括可数名词和不可数名词,可数名词可用作单数,也可用作复数。
可数名词包括个体名词(表示一类人或物的个体。
如:boy,desk,cat,window)和集体名词(由若干个体组成的集合体。
如:family,class,police)。
不可数名词包括物质名词(表示无法分为个体的实物。
如:water,paper,silk,money)和抽象名词(表示性质、行为、状态、感情或其它抽象概念。
如:work,happiness,music,difficulty,housework)专有名词表示个人、地方、机构、组织等。
如:Tom,the Great Wall,the Spring Festival,France,the United States)(二)名词的数1.可数名词有单数和复数两种形式,其复数形式的构成主要有以下几种:(1)一般情况下,在词尾加s.eg.book——books,dog——dogs,pen——pens,boy——boys以轻辅音结尾的名词后的s的读音为[s],以浊辅音和元音结尾名词后的s读音为〔z〕。
(2)以s,x,ch,sh结尾的词名词变复数时,要在词尾加es.eg.beach——beaches,brush——brushes,bus——buses,box—boxes(es读音为〔iz〕(3)以―辅音字母+y‖结尾的名词,先变y为i,再加es.eg.city——cities,family——families,documentary——documentaries,country——co untries,strawberry——strawberries(ies读音为[iz])(注:以―元音字母+y‖结尾的词,直接在词尾加-s.eg.boys,holidays,days)(4)以o结尾的名词,变复数时情况如下:①,.tomato—tomatoes,potato—potatoes, hero—heroes negro ——negroes mongo——mongoesp②结尾是两个元音字母的加s,eg.zoo—zoos,radio——radios③某些外来词变复数时词尾加s,eg. piano—pianos④一些名词的缩写形式变复数时,词尾加s,eg.photo(photograph)——photos,kilo(kilogram)kilos⑤zero变复数时,既可加s,也可加eg.zeros/zeroes(5)以f或fe结尾的名词变复数时,先把f或fe变为v,再加es.eg.wife——wives,leaf leaves,half——halves,knife—knives,thief——thieves(res 读音为[vz](注意:roof的复数为roofs; scarf的复数为scarfs/scarves)(6)有些名词由单数变复数时,不是在词尾加s或es,而是变换其中的字eg.man——men,woman——women,policeman——policemen,Englishman——Engli shmen,Frenchman——Frenchmen, foot——feet, tooth——teeth, child——children,mouse—mice,Ox—Oxen(公牛)(7)还有一些名词的单数和复数形式相同。
名词一、考点解读1.可数名词2.不可数名词3.名词的格4.名词的修饰语5.专有名词6.名词的句子成分二、专题梳理1.可数名词名词是人们认识事物所使用的基本词汇,它主要用来指明人或事物的具体的名称,也可以用来指抽象的概念。
如book(书),teacher(教师),snow(雪),Beijing(北京)、home(家),success(成功),pride(骄傲)等等。
分为普通名词和专有名词,普通名词指一类人、事物、物质,这些名词一般不用来专门指某一具体的事物,普通名词分为可数名词和不可数名词,我们现在首先看的是可数名词。
英语中能用1,2,3等数字进行计算的词便是可数名词,可数名词一般是个体名词,如a boy(一个男孩),集体名词a family(一个家庭),可数名词在句子中必须有头或是有尾,头就是a,one,an或物主代词;尾就是复数形式,也就是说,可数名词在句子中不用单数就要用复数。
我们先复习规则复数形式变化形式。
特别提示:在遵循一般规则的同时,也有一些例外的情况:(1)以-f或-fe结尾直接加-s的名词常见的有:belief—beliefs 信念chief—chiefs 首领grief—griefs 悲伤gulf—gulfs 海湾proof—proofs 证据roof—roofs 屋顶handkerchief有两种复数形式:handkerchiefs和handkerchieves。
(2)以-o结尾的部分名词复数形式有两种,既可加-s也可加-es。
volcano—volcanos/volcanoes 火山zero—zeros/zeroes 零(3)有些字母用复数时需要加-’s。
这一点平时很少见,应该特别留意一下。
e.g.There are three a’s in the word“banana”.在banana这个词中有三个a。
不规则复数形式:有些可数名词的复数形式没有规则。
不规则复数形式主要有如下几种情况:(1)变内部元音的情况(2)词尾加-en的情况(3)单复数同形fish 鱼sheep 羊deer 小鹿li 里jin 斤yuan 元mu 亩Chinese 中国人Japanese 日本人means 手段特殊的复数形式:英语中有很多名词的复数形式非常特殊,主要有如下几种情况:(1)集体名词:集体名词不能运用具体的数字修饰,下面的集体名词,不能用a,one,two等修饰,只能在其前加the表示“全体……”。
一、选择题1.In fact (事实上), she ________ ________ many ________.A.doesn’t has; toies B.don’t has; toies C.doesn’t have; toys D.don’t have; toys 2.—Let’s make a banana milk shake.—How many ________ do we need?A.bananas B.cup of milk C.honey3.There are two________ near our school.A.shoe shops B.shoes shops C.shoe's shops D.shoes' shops 4.There is a______ shop and two_______ shops not far away from my school. A.sports; shoe B.sports; shoesC.sport; shoe D.sport; shoes5.—Why do you get up so early?—Becaus e my home is far from the science museum. It’s ________bus ride.A.fifty-minutes B.fifty minute’s C.fifty-minute’s D.fifty minutes’6.This is Mary and that is Kate.______ my______.A.She's; friend B.They're; friends C.They're; friend 7.—What does your mother have for dinner?—A.Chickens and tomato B.Chicken and tomatoes.C.Chicken and tomato.8.Look, this is________ bedroom.A.my father and mother’s B.my father’s and mother’sC.my father’s and mother D.my father and mother9.There________some water in the bottle.A.is B.am C.are D.be 10.These are some photos of ________ bedroom. What a tidy and comfortable room! A.Jerry’s and Jenny’s B.Jerry and Jenny’s C.Jerry’s sand Jenny 11.Look! The Chinese national basketball team ________ a face-to-face interview with their fans in the hall. How excited the fans are!A.is having B.are having C.have D.has12.I’m hungry. I want some _________.A.water B.bread C.toys D.homework 13.—It’s convenient(方便的) to travel from Suzhou to Shanghai by car?—Yes. It’s said that_________is enough.A.two hours drive B.two-hours driveC.two hour’s drive D.two hours’ drive14.When National Day comes, we have a ____ holiday.A.seven-day B.seven-days C.seven days15.— How _______ is it from Xi'an to Dunhuang? — It's less than 3 _______ flight.A.long; hour's B.far; hour's C.long; hours' D.far, hours'16.I to be popular in school, but now I get attention everywhere I go. A.wasn’t used; many B.didn’t use; tons of C.used not; many 17.—What do animals eat?—Some eat_______ and some eat_______.A.meat ,leafs B.meats, leafsC.meat ,leaves D.meats ,leaves18.She ______ her______every evening at home.A.does;homework B.does;homeworksC.do;homework D.do;homeworks19.—May I take your order,sir? —________.A.Chicken with vegetables and two bowls of ricesB.Chicken with vegetables and two bowls of riceC.Chickens with vegetable and two bowl of ricesD.Chickens with vegetables and two bowls of rices20.I want to buy ________.A.a bread B.some breads C.two piece of bread D.two bags of bread 21.—Do you like apples?—Yes, I do. But my son likes _______.A.tomatos B.tomatoes C.tomato D.banana 22.This is Bob Smith. His last name is________.A.Bob B.Smith C.Bob Smith23.________he_______big________?A.Does; has; foot B.Does; have; feet C.Do; have; foots24.He has over 20 years teaching ________. I bet he is quite________.A.experience; experience B.experience; experienced C.experienced; experience D.experienced; experienced25.—What is your _______, Lingling?—I really enjoy reading _______ stories at night.A.interests; interesting B.interests; interestC.interest; interesting D.interesting; interest【参考答案】***试卷处理标记,请不要删除一、选择题1.C解析:C【解析】【分析】【详解】句意:事实上,她没有很多玩具。
初中英语语法知识点归纳一、名词1. 名词的定义:名词是表示人、事物、地点、概念等的词。
2. 名词的分类:(1)可数名词:有具体数量的名词,如:boy, girl, book, pen。
(2)不可数名词:没有具体数量的名词,如:water, air, rice。
(3)专有名词:表示特定的人、地点、事物等,如:China, Beijing, Mr. Wang。
二、代词1. 代词的定义:代词是用来代替名词或名词性短语的词。
2. 代词的分类:(1)人称代词:表示人称,如:I, you, he, she, it, we, they。
(2)物主代词:表示所有关系,如:my, your, his, her, its, our, their。
(3)指示代词:表示指示关系,如:this, that, these, those。
(4)疑问代词:表示提问,如:who, what, where, when, why, how。
(5)关系代词:表示关系,如:who, which, that。
三、形容词和副词1. 形容词的定义:形容词是用来修饰名词或代词,表示人或事物的性质、状态、特征等的词。
2. 副词的定义:副词是用来修饰动词、形容词、其他副词或整个句子,表示时间、地点、程度、方式等概念的词。
3. 形容词和副词的分类:(1)形容词:-限定形容词:表示名词的限定范围,如:some, any, every, much, little。
-描述形容词:表示名词的性质、状态、特征,如:beautiful, tall, happy, loud。
-疑问形容词:表示提问,如:which, what。
(2)副词:-限定副词:表示动词、形容词、其他副词的限定范围,如:now, then, here, there。
-描述副词:表示动词、形容词、其他副词的程度、时间、地点等,如:quickly, carefully, always, never。
名词根据词的意义、形态特征及其在句子中的作用,将词分为若干类,叫做词类。
英语的词通常分为10类。
其中名词、代词、形容词、副词、数词、动词为实词,冠词、介词、连词和感叹词为虚词。
英语名词(Noun)可以从形式上进行分类,英语名词可以划分成专有名词和普通名词两大类。
从意义上划分,英语名词可分为个体名词、集体名词、物质名词和抽象名词四类。
一般来说,个体名词可以用数目来计算,称为可数名词(Countable Nouns)。
物质名词、抽象名词和专有名词无法用数目来计算,称为不可数名词(Uncountable Nouns)。
集合名词有的可数,有的不可数。
一、普通名词普通名词指一类人或事物的名称。
英语中普通名词分为可数名词和不可数名词。
可数名词一般有单、复数两种形式。
如a/one child,ten children。
而不可数名词一般只有一种形式。
如cash(现金)。
不可数名词之前不可直接用泛指限定词和数词。
不可数名词可与some一起用。
如:some money,some water。
也可与the一起用:the information(这信息)。
(一)可数名词及其复数形式(1)可数名词的复数形式一般由词尾加-s或-es构成,其规则见下表:(2)可数名词复数形式的不规则构成法英语中有一部分名词由于历史或词源原因其复数形式的构成法是不规则的。
这种情况主要有:①元音字母变化。
例如:foot-feet man-men . woman-womentooth-teeth goose-geese mouse-mice②结尾为-en。
例如: child-children③单复数同形。
单复数同形的名词主要有:sheep, fish, Chinese, Japanese, deer等。
④只有复数形式。
例如:trousers, goods 等。
(二)可数名词和不可数名词英语中的绝大多数名词既可以用作可数名词也可以用作不可数名词。
1.可数名词可数名词一般可以分成以下三类:第一类:如bike,desk, factory等,这类名词占可数名词的多数。
初中英语语法之名词一、名词的分类:名词分为专有名词和普通名词。
1、专有名词:个人,地方,机构等专有名称,如:China, Shanghai, Li lei等。
专有名词的首字母通常要大写。
具体说来,它包括人名、地名、月份、星期、节日、书名、电影名以及某些抽象名词等。
如:Jim 吉姆 China 中国 July 七Friday 星期五Christmas 圣诞节English 英语2、普通名词:指表示一类人或东西或抽象概念的名词。
1)个体名词:某类人或东西中的个体,如fighter, gun, country,cup, desk, student等。
一般可数,有单复数形式。
2)集体名词:若干个体组成的集合体,如family, team, police, class等。
一般可数,有单复数形式3)物质名词:无法分为个体的实物,如cotton,tea, air等。
一般不可数,没有单复数之分。
4)抽象名词:动作, 状态, 品质, 感情等抽象概念. 如health, happiness,love, work, life等。
一般不可数,没有单复数之分。
二、名词的数:可数名词都有单数和复数之分;不可数名词没有复数形式。
【重点】1、规则的可数名词的复数变化规则:1)一般情况加–s :books,mouths,houses,girls等。
2)以s,sh,ch,x结尾的加–es:classes,boxes,matches等。
3)辅音字母+ y结尾的变y为ies:cities,countries,parties,factories等。
4)以o 结尾的词+es:heroes,Negroes,tomatoes,potatoes等。
以o 结尾+s:radios,zoos,bamboos,pianos,kilos,photos等。
5)以f,fe 结尾的多数+es:leaves,lives,wives,knives,halves,wolves等。
一、选择题1.--What kind of noodles you like?--I’d like noodles.A.do;tomatoes B.would;tomato C.do;tomato D.would;tomatoes 2.People in western countries will get together to eat turkeys and celebrate harvest(丰收)on ________, just like our Mid-Autumn Day.A.Thanksgiving Day B.Christmas Day C.National Day3.—Do you know Shanghai is one of _______ in the world?—Yes, it’s bigger than _______ city in China.A.the biggest city; any B.the biggest cities; anyC.the biggest cities; any other D.the biggest cities; the other4.—There are beautiful flowers everywhere to celebrate the National Day, and we have—________ holiday. That means we have seven days ________ for this public holiday.A.a seven-day; off B.a seven-days; awayC.seven-day; over D.a seven-days’; off5.Look, this is________ bedroom.A.my father and mother’s B.my father’s and mother’sC.my father’s and mother D.my father and mother6.There________some water in the bottle.A.is B.am C.are D.be7.Look! The Chinese national basketball team ________ a face-to-face interview with their fans in the hall. How excited the fans are!A.is having B.are having C.have D.has8.—What is your _______, Lingling?—I really enjoy reading _______ stories at night.A.interests; interesting B.interests; interestC.interest; interesting D.interesting; interest9.—It’s convenient(方便的) to travel from Suzhou to Shanghai by car?—Yes. It’s said that_________is enough.A.two hours drive B.two-hours driveC.two hour’s drive D.two hours’ drive10._______mother usually cooks for_______ at the weekend.A.Lily and Nick; their B.Lily's and Nick's; themC.Lily and Nick's; their D.Lily and Nick's; them11.Thanks for the two _______________you gave(给)to me.A.tape player B.tapes players C.tape players D.taper players 12.There is a______ shop and two_______ shops not far away from my school.A.sports; shoe B.sports; shoesC.sport; shoe D.sport; shoes13.________ your reading speed, or you can’t finish the English reading materials in ________ limited time.A.Increase; 100 m inutes’B.To increase; a 100-minute C.Increasing; 100-minutes’14.—________ shows are getting more and more popular.—That's true. And many people are truly________.A.Talent; talent B.Talent; talented C.Talented; talented D.Talented; talent 15.—Do you like apples?—Yes, I do. But my son likes _______.A.tomatos B.tomatoes C.tomato D.banana 16.(2017·甘肃白银、武威·7)“It depends on my ________ decision.” the mother said and looked at her two sons.A.children B.children's C.child D.child's 17.Animals are our ________, and we should be ________ to them.A.friend; friendly B.friends; friendly C.friendly; friends D.friendly; friend 18.—What're these_______English?—They are________.A.at; knifes B.in; knives C.in, knifes19.This is Bob Smith. His last name is________.A.Bob B.Smith C.Bob Smith20.Mary, please get some ________for me.A.orange B.pear C.tomato21.That is my ________ and my ________ are on it.A.desk; books B.desks; book C.desks; books D.desk, book 22.—How many________ doctors are there in your hospital?—________ them________ over one hundredA.woman; The number of; is B.women; The number of; is C.women; A number of; are23.—How far is it from here to the hospital? —It’s about ride.A.fifteen minute’s B.fifteen minutesC.fifteen minutes’D.fifteen-minutes24.—Whose desk is it? Is it the ________?—Yes. It is ________.A.twins'; Liz's and Lillie's B.twin's; Liz's and Lillie'sC.twins'; Liz and Lillie's D.twin's; Liz and Lillie's25.It's about ten __________ walk from here.A.minutes' B.minute's C.minutes D.minute of【参考答案】***试卷处理标记,请不要删除一、选择题1.B解析:B【解析】句意:-------你想要什么样的面条?-------我想要西红柿面。
would like意思为“想要”,后跟名词或动词不定式,表示意愿、喜爱,常用于有礼貌地提出邀请、请求或建议。
根据答语可知,第一个空应填would;可数名词作定语修饰noodles时,常用单数形式,tomato noodles西红柿面,故答案为B。
点睛:名词作定语通常说明被修饰词的作用,类别,材料,时间等,通常由单数名词或不可数名词作定语。
如:an English book; a gold watch; a paper flower; evening news; beef noodles; apple treesman, woman用于名词前作定语时,其单复数形式与所修饰的名词的单复数形式一致。
如 a woman writer / some women writers(女作家)。
注意: boy 和 girl用作定语时,总是用单数形式。
如 boy (girl) friends 男(女)朋友。
2.A解析:A【解析】【分析】【详解】句意:西方国家的人们会在感恩节聚在一起吃火鸡,庆祝丰收,就像我们的中秋节一样。
考查节日。
Thanksgiving Day感恩节; Christmas Day圣诞节;National Day国庆节。
根据文中“People in western countries will get together to eat turkeys and celebrate harvest”可知,这里是说“感恩节”。
根据题意,故选A。
3.C解析:C【解析】【分析】【详解】句意:——你知道上海是世界上最大的城市之一吗?——是的,它比中国任何一个城市都大。
考查名词的数和不定代词辨析题。
one of the biggest+复数名词,表示“最大的……之一”,city是单数名词,可排除。