四六级听力题型及答题方法

大学英语四级听力题型题型及答题技巧听力部分的分值在四级考试中占35%，录音播放时间在35分钟左右。

如何在这“惊心动魄”的半小时中，有效把握信息点，是很多考生颇为头疼的问题。

下面是由给大家带来的大学英语四级听力题型分析及答题技巧，一起来看看吧！大学英语四级听力题型分析一、新闻题。

新闻题的特点是原文会开门见山交待发生的事情。

而往往新闻题的第一道题考的也是新闻主旨，所以新闻题的开头部分很重要。

后面通常是围绕新闻主旨进行细节描述，那么后一道或者后两道会出在细节上。

另外熟悉新闻常用词也是必要的。

当然具体到每道题的方法还会有各自特点，下面做逐题分析1新闻第一题在开头部分找答案，本题从开头部分通过视听一致即可确定，预览选项先划出选项中的重点词，因为A/B/D三项均没有听到其中的重点词，只有C项中dangerous明显听到。

2 预览此题为短词选项，短词选项通常符合视听一致，但难点是容易出现干扰项。

但窍门在于如果出现没听懂却只听到选项其中两个词的情况，历年考试规律是选后者正确概率大得多。

不过，本题没有出现干扰项，所以很简单属于送分题。

3 第二篇新闻题是事故类新闻，这类新闻更是会开头交待出时间人物地点事件。

这篇新闻题第一题仍然是问发生的什么事情，考生抓住开头介绍，视听一致确定答案。

4抓住关键词: so that ,关键词加视听一致即可。

5 第三个新闻题第一题仍旧考题出在新闻主旨上，同样的方法，简单预览选项，文章开头第一句视听一致。

6本题是细节题。

考生应该注意的是新闻题中遇到“目击证人说/有关部门说/相关研究人员说”这类句子要认真听，此处容易出题。

本题，原文中announce(宣称)后视听一致确定答案。

7同样新闻题中出现时效性的分析或者预测都会是考点，所以诸如某人predict/estimate/ assess/confirm这样的句子时认真听，本题he estimated that…后面视听一致很容易听到lose jobs,本题无干扰项，容易确定答案。

四、六级考试听力短文、填空解题策略短文篇概要描述：四级听力短文的体裁主要是记叙文和说明文、议论文而题材出现频率最高的是小故事。

这类文章有一定情节，比较有趣，浅显易懂。

应特别注意人物的语言，同时捕捉并记录可以回答who, what, when, where, how and why等问题的相关信息，从而抓住故事发展脉络，理解全文。

以议论文形式出现题材也包括日常生活的紧密联系。

考生在提高听力的同时也应注意提高口语，听力考查的使口语性语言的理解，应该凌驾于听力之上来学习听力才有可能更大的提高。

题型构成：听力短文一般由3篇文章构成，每篇150-170字，后有3-4个问题，（共计10个），主要测试语篇记忆能力和听力理解能力，和短对话题型比较起来，短文部分文章篇幅大，信息量大，题材范围广，题型变化多。

本部分不要求听懂每一个单词，只要听懂大意，抓住有效信息一般即可答对。

遇到生词不需惊慌，因为个别生词不会影响全文。

在短文听力的过程中，仅仅凭借大脑的记忆不够，需要做记录进行辅助，如用一些简单符号进行帮助记忆。

题型分布：一、主旨大意题：即在听懂短文的基础上归纳文章的中心思想，选取最合适的题目和作者的结论、意图进行归纳。

提问方式：What is the main idea / topic /purpose of this passage?What is the best title for the passage?What does the passage tell us essentially?What is the subject they are talking about?What did the speaker mainly talk about?解题思路：在听的时候应该特别注意文章的开头和结尾部分，开头往往点名主题，结尾往往总结全文，根据前后两部分可总结出全文大概思路。

二、推理判断题：即根据所听到的内容推断材料所暗示的内容，如情节发展的趋势，作者的态度等，根据语篇为基础进行合理推测。

四六级听力技巧与答题技巧详解听力作为英语四六级考试的重要部分，对于考生来说是一个相对难以应对的挑战。

因此，掌握听力技巧和答题技巧成为提高听力分数的关键。

本文将详细讲解四六级听力技巧和答题技巧。

一、听力技巧1. 预测题目内容：在听力开始前，快速浏览题目，理解问题的要求和重点，尝试预测答案的范围以及可能的关键词。

这样能帮助你更有针对性地聆听对话或短文，提高听力的准确性。

2. 注意关键词：关注对话或短文中的关键词，这些词通常是信息传递的核心点。

将注意力集中在关键词上，可以更好地理解和抓住重要信息。

3. 聚焦一致性：听力材料中的对话或短文通常会就同一个话题进行不同方面的描述。

将握住主题的思路，把握对话或短文中重复出现的内容和信息，从而更好地理解整个材料。

4. 注意声调和语气：正确理解对话者的语气和声调可以帮助你把握对话的情感和意图。

特别是在多人对话中，对话者的语气和态度往往能明显干扰或暗示某些信息。

5. 标记重点信息：听力过程中，合理使用笔记、缩写和图表等方法，将听到的重要信息及时记录下来。

这样不仅有助于加深印象和理解，而且能够在后面的题目中提供便利。

二、答题技巧1. 利用选项消减法：在选择题中，单选和多选题通常提供几个选项。

利用所学的听力技巧，将不符合条件的选项逐一排除，最终选出正确答案。

这样可以提高选择题的答题准确性。

2. 注意选项词序：很多听力选项的干扰性在于选项词的词序和原文不一致。

在做题过程中，注意选项词的变化和顺序，避免由于这种干扰导致选项选择错误。

3. 捕捉细节信息：许多听力题目要求考生拾取细节信息。

在听力过程中，注意捕捉细节信息的同时，确保不丢失整体大意。

4. 注意时间提示：听力材料中经常会提到具体的时间信息，例如日期、时间段等。

捕捉这些信息并在答题时有效利用，有助于提高答题的准确度。

5. 学会揣测答案：有时候，无法听清或者无法确定答案的情况下，可以学会根据前后文的逻辑关系和常识进行揣测。

四六级各个题型技巧
【引言】
四六级考试作为衡量我国大学生英语水平的重要标准，一直以来备受关注。

要想在四六级考试中取得好成绩，掌握各个题型的解题技巧至关重要。

本文将为大家详细解析四六级各个题型的答题技巧，帮助大家在考试中取得优异成绩。

【听力题型技巧】
1.提前阅读题目，预测内容：在听力开始前，先阅读题目，根据选项预测即将听到的内容。

2.抓住关键信息：关注对话或演讲中的关键词，有助于选出正确答案。

3.熟悉题型：熟悉各种听力题型，如判断题、选择题、填空题等，以便快速作答。

【阅读题型技巧】
1.速读文章，抓住主旨：快速浏览文章，了解大意，有助于解答题目。

2.熟悉阅读题型：了解各类阅读题型，如事实细节题、推理判断题、主旨大意题等，进行针对性答题。

3.对比选项，排除干扰：仔细分析选项，排除干扰项，提高正确率。

【写作题型技巧】
1.审题清晰：仔细审题，明确题目要求，避免跑题。

2.结构清晰：写出优秀作文离不开明确的结构，可分为引言、正文和结尾三部分。

3.语言表达丰富：运用多样化的句型和词汇，提高作文得分。

【翻译题型技巧】
1.了解翻译基本技巧：掌握词义转换、句子结构调整等基本翻译技巧。

2.注意语法和拼写：确保翻译内容符合语法规范，避免拼写错误。

3.保持原文逻辑：在翻译过程中，保持原文的逻辑关系和意义。

【结尾】
要想在四六级考试中取得好成绩，除了掌握各个题型的答题技巧外，还需多加练习，总结经验。

英语四级听力短对话必考题型根据选项的内容，四级听力短对话可分为事实状况题、行为活动题、观点态度题、地点场景题、谈论话题型、身份关系题和数字信息题七大类。

对话内容不同，提问的角度和方式也不同。

一、事实状况题问题是关于谈话的一方或双方说了什么、所处状态、做某事的原因何在、结果如何等。

提问方式通常为：What do we learn from this conversation?What does the man mean?What can be inferred from the conversation?此类题型解题技巧如下：1.根据选项特点判断问题类型。

这类题目的选项一般都是某种事实情况的陈述，选项中句子的时态以一般过去时或一般现在时居多。

2.正确选项一般不会是原文的细节再现。

这类题目往往需要考生根据对话内容推测出说话人话语中隐含的事实细节，因此正确选项往往不是对话中的原文照搬，而是对话内容的同义转述，或是根据对话内容推断出的事实细节。

3.注意捕捉选项中的关键词。

听音前应提取选项要点，确定听音时应该捕捉的重点内容。

一般某事的原因或结果常为考查重点。

4.对选项中及录音中涉及的关键信息进行标记，根据问题对号入座。

这类题目涉及的是原文中的细节内容，因而有必要将关键信息点加以记录，然后根据问题确定答案。

【真题示例1】(07-6-13)[A] The man regrets being absent-minded.[B] The woman saved the man some trouble.[C] The man placed the reading list on a desk.[D] The woman emptied the waste paper basket.M: I wish I hadn’t thrown away that reading list!W: I thought you might regret it. That’s why I picked it up from the waste paper basket and left it on the desk.Q: What do we learn from the conversation?【解析】事实状况题。

教你四级听力如何在听不懂时，照样拿180分以上第一招：相关保留原则当选项中有两项表达意思相近时，那么正确答案必在这两项之中！这时只需稍微听一听对话，即可知答案，如果出现了双重相关，便可直接确认正确选项，只需听完对话加之认证一下即可！典型例题：4. A) Visiting the Browning.B) Writing a postcard.C) Looking for a postcard.D) Filling in a form.例题分析：B、C两项均含有a poscard ，B、D两项均含有写...之意，即B、C和B、D构成双重相关，即可得出B为正确选项！本题听力原文：4. M: What\'s the matter? You\'ve been sitting there for ages, just staring into space.W: I told the Browning I\'d send them a postcard. Now I don\'t know what to say.Q: What\'s the woman doing?第二招：异项保留原则当选项中出现有意思明显相反的两项时，那么正确答案必在此二项中出现！如果出现双重异项，那么即可判断出正确答案，异项保留原则在六级考试听力短对话中应用广泛！典型例题：6. A) She can’t finish her assignment, eith er.B) She can’t afford a computer right now.C) The man can use her computer.D) The man should buy a computer right away.例题分析：A、B异项，A项的意思是她现在有电脑，B项的意思则是她现在没有电脑。

B、D异项，B是说女方无电脑，而D是说男方无电脑，男女也是一种反意关系。

四级听力sectionb做题技巧一、题型分析1. 多选题：考查考生对听力材料的整体把握能力，要求考生在短时间内分辨主题、关键词，并进行准确的答题。

答题时要注意每个选项之间的区别，以免选错。

2. 填空题：考查考生对细节的捕捉和归纳能力，要求考生能够对所听材料的内容进行整体理解，并准确地填写答案。

答题过程中要注意听清数字、时间和地点等关键信息。

3. 判断题：考查考生的推导和判断能力，要求考生能够根据所听内容做出准确的判断。

答题时要仔细分析题目和听力材料的关系，避免主观臆断。

4. 表格填写题：考查考生的信息匹配能力，要求考生能够将听到的信息与表格中的要求进行匹配，填写准确的信息。

答题时要注意信息的匹配和对应关系。

二、备考技巧1. 提高听力水平：平时要多听、多练，增加对英语听力的感觉和理解能力，培养辨别、筛选重要信息的能力。

2. 关注关键信息：在考试中要特别注意关键词、数字、时间和地点等重要信息，有的时候考生只要关注这些信息便能辨别选项的优劣。

3. 注意听力材料的逻辑结构：通过对话和短文的逻辑结构的了解和把握，可以更好地理解听力材料，进而准确地回答问题。

4. 注意细节：在填空题和表格填写题中，一些细节信息可能成为填空的关键，因此要特别留意听力材料中的细节。

5. 错误排查：在做题时如果有些选项自己不确定时，可以首先排除自己认为绝对错误的选项，再进行挑选。

6. 谨慎判断：在判断题中，要注意听力材料的真实性和客观性，谨慎进行判断，避免主观臆断。

三、经典范例1. 多选题听到一段对话后，题目让选择最可能是对话的主题。

题目：What is the conversation m本人nly about?A. A plan for a tripB. Apl本人nt about a classC. A discussion of a problemD. A decision about a new meeting time根据听力材料的内容，要对话的主题进行准确的把握，排除选项的干扰，最终选出正确答案。

英语四级听力技巧有哪些英语四级听力技巧有哪些英语四级听力技巧有哪些120xx英语四级考试技巧听力一：视听反向原则、同义替换原则视听反向原则指在小对话的题目中，看似明显被读到的选项反而更容易是错的。

但需注意，当小对话原文本身较长或生僻字较多时，该原则可能会出现特例同一替换原则是指，若某一选项中的单词或短语是听力原文中单词或短语的同义形式，则该选项容易为正确。

20xx英语四级考试技巧听力二：动作题的处理方式选项均以动词原形或to do形式开头的题目为动作题。

放音时注意抓情态动词（如could、should、would、may、can、have to、must等）和建议、请求句型（如why not do...,will you do...）,其中包含的主要动作即为该题答案。

长对话和短文听力解题原则：视听基本一致原则、同义替换原则、特殊词定位原则视听基本一致的含义是指，若听到的原文和看到的选项基本一致，则选项容易为正确，这一点和小对话的原则恰恰相反，请考生一定注意。

20xx英语四级考试技巧听力三：同义词替换原则同小对话特殊词定位原则是指，在原文中的特殊词（如序数词1st，极端词most，most important，only，all等，逻辑连接词because，since，but，however，以及自问自答的回答部分或直接引语）后面很可能出现正确答案信息。

20xx英语四级考试技巧听力四：审题及利用选项推知答案审题的作用：小对话--看选项，判断题目类型，推知解题方法长对话和短文--看选项，推断问题，方便运用视听基本一致原则且帮助定位。

预测长对话和短文的主题。

20xx英语四级考试技巧听力五：如何在完全听不懂的情况下通过选项推知答案：一般地，当两个选项意思相近或谈论的话题相同时，其中一个可能是正确答案；当两个选项通过同义转换使得实际观点相同时，两个选项均不是答案；当两个选项话题相同且意思相反时，其中一个可能是正确答案。

四六级听力题型解析听力作为英语四六级考试的重要组成部分，对考生的听力能力进行了全面考察。

熟悉各种听力题型的解析方法，是提高听力得分的关键。

本文将对四六级听力常见的题型进行解析，并给出解题技巧，帮助考生更好地备考。

一、单项选择题单项选择题在四六级听力中属于常见的题型。

其解题方法是仔细听取录音，理解问题的内容后，在选项中选择最符合录音内容的答案。

一般来说，选项会与录音内容有所出入，考生需要通过对选项的分析和排除，选择最合适的答案。

解题技巧：1. 注意录音中的关键词或信息，理解问题的主要内容。

2. 分析选项之间的差异，排除一些显然不符合的选项。

3. 多听几遍录音，仔细辨析，确保最终选择的答案是准确的。

二、完成句子题完成句子题要求考生根据所听到的内容，填写合适的单词或短语，使得句子意思完整、准确。

这种题型考察考生对听力材料的整体把握和对细节信息的捕捉能力。

解题技巧：1. 注意录音中的关键词或信息，理解句意。

2. 着重听取与填空部分相关的信息。

3. 根据上下文逻辑关系，选择合适的单词或短语。

三、选择图片题选择图片题要求考生根据所听到的对话或独白，从给出的图片中选择最能表达所听内容的图片。

这种题型考察考生对听力材料的整体把握和对细节信息的捕捉能力。

解题技巧：1. 仔细听取对话或独白，理解内容。

2. 注意对话或独白中提到的人、地点、时间等关键信息。

3. 根据听到的信息，选择最能表达所听内容的图片。

四、听力细节题听力细节题要求考生根据所听到的对话或独白，回答特定的问题。

这种题型考察考生对细节信息的捕捉能力。

解题技巧：1. 仔细听取对话或独白，理解问题的内容。

2. 注意对话或独白中提到的关键词或信息。

3. 根据听到的信息，做出准确的回答。

五、听力推理题听力推理题要求考生根据所听到的对话或独白，进行推理或判断。

这种题型考察考生的推理能力和逻辑思维能力。

解题技巧：1. 仔细听取对话或独白，理解内容。

2. 注意对话或独白中提到的关键信息，进行推理或判断。

可编辑修改精选全文完整版大学英语四六级听力考试说明一、四级听力试题的调整1.取消短对话2.取消短文听写3.新增短篇新闻（3段）其余测试内容不变。

2016年6月四级听力题型调整后四级听力部分的试题结构见下表：2016年6月四级听力短篇新闻的考试指令：Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report, you will hear two or three questions. Both the news report and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.二、六级听力试题的调整1.取消短对话2.取消短文听写3.听力篇章调整为2篇（原3篇）4.新增讲座/讲话（3篇）Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear recordings of lectures or talks followed by some questions. The recordings will be played only once. After you hear a question, you must choosethe best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.四级听力样题Questions 1 and 2 will be based on the following news item.Kenyan police say one person was killed and 26 injured in an explosion at a bus station in central Nairobi. The blast hit a bus about to set off for the Ugandan capital Kampala. Last July, the Somali group al-Shabab said it was behind the blasts in the Ugandan capital which killed more than 70 people. Will Ross reports from the Kenyan capital.The explosion happened beside a bus which was about to set off for an overnight journey from Nairobi to the Ugandan capital Kampala. Some eyewitnesses report that a bag was about to be loaded on board, but it exploded during a security check. Windows of the red bus were left smashed, and blood could be seen on the ground beside the vehicle. Just hours earlier, Uganda’s police chief had warned of possible Christmas-time attacks by Somali rebels.1. What is the news report mainly about?2. When did the incident occur?Questions 1 and 2 will be based on the following news item.1.A) Christmas-time attacks made by Somali rebels.B) An explosion at a bus station in central Nairobi.C) The killing of more than 70 Ugandans in Kampala.D) Blasts set off by a Somali gr oup in Uganda’s capital.2.A) On Christmas Eve. C) During a security check.B) Just before midnight. D) In the small hours of the morning.Questions 3 and 4 will be based on the following news item.Woolworths is one of the best known names on the British High Street. It’s been in business nearly a century. Many of its 800 stores are likely to close following the company’s decision to call in administrators after an attempt to sell the business for a token £1 failed.The company has huge debts. The immediate cause for the collapse has been Britain’s slide toward recession, which has cut into consumer spending. However, the business had been in trouble for years.Known for low-priced general goods, Woolworths has struggled in the face of competition from supermarkets expanding beyond groceries and a new generation of internet retailers.Many of the store group’s 25,000 employees are likely to lose their jobs. Some profitable areas such as the DVD publishing business will survive.3. What do we learn about Woolworths from the news report?4. What did Woolworths attempt to do recently?Questions 3 and 4 will be based on the following news item.3. A) It is likely to close many of its stores.B) It is known for the quality of its goods.C) It remains competitive in the recession.D) It will expand its online retail business.4. A) Expand its business beyond groceries.B) Fire 25,000 of its current employees.C) Cut its DVD publishing business.D) Sell the business for one pound.Questions 5 to 7 will be based on the following news item.Cairo is known for its overcrowded roads, irregular driving practices and shaky old vehicles, but also for its air pollution. In recent months, though, environmental studies indicate there have been signs of improvement. That’s due in part to the removal of many of the capital’s old-fashioned black and white taxis. Most of these dated back to the 1960s and 70s and were in a poor state of repair.After new legislation demanded their removal from the roads, a low interest loan scheme was set up with three Egyptian banks so drivers could buy new cars. The government pays about $900 for old ones to be discarded and advertising on the new vehicles helps cover repayments.The idea has proved popular w ith customers ― they can now travel in air-conditioned comfort and because the new cabs are metered, they don’t have to argue over fares. Banks and car manufacturers are glad for the extra business in tough economic times. As for the taxi drivers, most are delighted to be behind the wheel of new cars, although there have been a few complaints about switching from black and white to a plain white colour.5. What change took place in Cairo recently?6. What helped bring about the change?7. Why do customers no longer argue with new cab drivers?Questions 5 to 7 will be based on the following news item.5. A) All taxis began to use meters.B) All taxis got air conditioning.C) Advertisements were allowed on taxis.D) Old taxis were replaced with new cabs.6. A) A low interest loan scheme. C) Taxi passengers’ complaints.B) Environmentalists’ protests. D) Permission for car advertising.7. A) There are no more irregular practices.B) All new cabs provide air-conditioning.C) New cabs are all equipped with meters.D) New legislation protects consumer rights.Section A1. B2. C3. A4. D5. D6. A7. C六级听力样题Now listen to the following recording and answer questions 16 to 19.Moderator （会议主持人）:Hello Ladies and Gentleman, it gives me great pleasure to introduce our keynote speaker for today’s session, Dr. Howard Miller. Dr. Miller, Professor of Sociology at Washington Universit y, has written numerous articles and books on the issues facing older Americans in our graying society for the past 15 years. Dr. Miller:Dr. Miller:Thank you for that introduction. Today, I’d like to preface my remarks with a story from my ownlife which I feel highlights the common concerns that bring us here together. Several years ago when my grandparents were well into their eighties, they were faced with the reality of no longer being able to adequately care for themselves. My grandfather spoke of his greatest fear, that of leaving the only home they had known for the past 60 years. Fighting back the tears, he spoke proudly of the fact that he had built their home from the ground up, and that he had pounded every nail and laid every brick in the process. The prospect of having to sell their home and give up their independence, and move into a retirement home was an extremely painful experience for them. It was, in my grandfather’s own words, like having a limb cut off. He exclaimed in a forceful manner that he felt he wasn’t important anymore.For them and some older Americans, their so-called “golden years” are at times not so pleasant, for this period can mean the decline of not only one’s health but the loss of identity and self-worth. In many societies, this self-identity is closely related with our social status, occupation, material possessions, or independence. Furthermore, we often live in societies that value what is “new” or in fashion, and our own usage of words in the English language is often a sign of bad news for older Americans. I mean how would your family react if you came home tonight exclaiming, “Hey, come to the living room and see the OLD black and white TV I brought!” Unfortunately, the word “old” calls to mind i mages of the need to replace or discard.Now, many of the lectures given at this conference have focused on the issues of pension reform, medical care, and the development of public facilities for senior citizens. And while these are vital issues that must be addressed, I’d like to focus my comments on an important issue that will affect the overall success of the other programs mentioned. This has to do with changing our perspectives on what it means to be a part of this group, and finding meaningful roles the elderly can play and should play in our societies.First of all, I’d like to talk about . . .16. What does the introduction say about Dr. Howard Miller’s articles and books?17. What is the greatest fear of Dr. Miller’s grandfather?18. What does Dr. Miller say the “golden years” can often mean?19. What is the focus of Dr. Miller’s speech?Now listen to the following recording and answer questions 16 to 19.16. A) They investigate the retirement homes in America.B) They are on issues facing senior citizens in America.C) They describe the great pleasures of the golden years.D) They are filled with fond memories of his grandparents.17. A) The loss of the ability to take care of himself.B) The feeling of not being important any more.C) Being unable to find a good retirement home.D) Leaving the home he had lived in for 60 years.18. A) The loss of identity and self-worth.B) Fear of being replaced or discarded.C) Freedom from pressure and worldly cares.D) The possession of wealth and high respect.19. A) The urgency of pension reform.B) Medical care for senior citizens.C) Finding meaningful roles for the elderly in society.D) The development of public facilities for senior citizens.Now listen to the following recording and answer questions 20 to 22.20. A) It seriously impacts their physical and mental development.B) It has become a problem affecting global economic growth.C) It is a common problem found in underdeveloped countries.D) It is an issue often overlooked by parents in many countries.21. A) They will live longer. C) They get along well with people.B) They get better pay. D) They develop much higher IQs.22. A) Appropriated funds to promote research of nutrient-rich foods.B) Encouraged breastfeeding for the first six months of a child’s life.C) Recruited volunteers to teach rural people about health and nutrition.D) Targeted hunger-relief programs at pregnant women and young children.Now listen to the following recording and answer questions 20 to 22.The 2010 Global Hunger Index report was released today by the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI). It notes that, in recent years, experts have come to the conclusion that undernourishment between conception and a child’s second birthday can have serious andlong-lasting impacts.Undernourishment during this approximately 1,000-day window can seriously check the growth and development of children and render them more likely to get sick and die than well-fed children. Preventing hunger allows children to develop both physically and mentally.Says IFPRI’s Marie Ruel, “They will be more likely to perform well in school. They will stay in school longer. And then at adulthood, IFPRI has actually demonstrated that children who were better nourished have higher wages, by a pretty large margin, by 46 percent.”Ruel says that means the productivity of a nation’s future generations depends in a large part on the first 1,000 days of life.“This is why we’re all on board in focusing on those thousand days to improve nutrition. After that, the damage is done and is highly irreversible.”The data on nutrition and childhood development has been slowly coming together for decades. But Ruel says scientific consensus alone will not solve the problem.“It’s not enough that nutritionists know you have to intervene then, if we don’t have the politicians on board, and also the...people that implement [programs] in the field.”Ruel says there are encouraging signs that politicians and implementers are beginning to get on board. Many major donors and the United Nations are targeting hunger-relief programs at pregnant women and young children. They focus on improving diets or providing micro-food supplements. They improve access to pre-birth care and encourage exclusive breastfeeding for the first six months of a child’s life.Ruel says in the 1980s Thailand was able to reduce child undernourishment by recruiting a large number of volunteers to travel the countryside teaching about health and nutrition.“They really did very active promotion of diversity in the diet and good eating habits. So they were providing more food to people, but also educating people on how to use them, and also educating people on how to feed their young children.”Ruel says countries may take different approaches to reducing child undernutrition. But she saysnations will not make progress fighting hunger and poverty until they begin to focus on those critical first thousand days.20. What is the experts’ conclusion regarding children’s undernourishment in their earliest days of life?21. What does IFPRI’s Marie Ruel say about well-fed children in their adult life?22. What did Thailand do to reduce child undernourishment in the 1980s?Now listen to the following recording and answer questions 23 to 25.I’d like to look at a vital aspect of e-commerce, and that is the nature of the product or service. There are certain products and services that are very suitable for selling online, and others that simply don’t work.Suitable products generally have a high value-to-weight ratio. Items such as CDs and DVDs are obvious examples. Books, although heavier and so more expensive to post, still have a high enough value-to-weight ratio, as the success of Amazon, which started off selling only books, shows. Laptop computers are another good product for selling online.Digital products, such as software, films and music, can be sold in a purely virtual environment. The goods are paid for by online transactions, and then downloaded onto the buyer’s computer. There are no postage or delivery costs, so prices can be kept low.Many successful virtual companies provide digital services, such as financial transactions, in the case of Paypal, or means of communication, as Skype does. The key to success here is providing an easy-to-use, reliable service. Do this and you can easily become the market leader, as Skype has proved.Products which are potentially embarrassing to buy also do well in the virtual environment. Some of the most profitable e-commerce companies are those selling sex-related products or services. For a similar reason, online gambling is highly popular.Products which are usually considered unsuitable for selling online include those that have a taste or smell component. Food, especially fresh food, falls into this category, along with perfume. Clothes and other items that need to be tried on such as diamond rings and gold necklaces are generally not suited to virtual retailing, and, of course, items with a low value-to-weight ratio. There are exceptions, though. Online grocery shopping has really taken off, with most major supermarkets offering the service. The inconvenience of not being able to see the food you are buying is outweighed by the time saved and convenience of having the goods delivered. Typical users of online supermarkets include the elderly, people who work long hours and those without their own transport.23 What is important to the success of an online store?24. What products are unsuitable for selling online?25. Who are more likely to buy groceries online?Now listen to the following recording and answer questions 23 to 25.23. A) The guaranteed quality of its goods.B) The huge volume of its annual sales.C) The service it provides to its customers.D) The high value-to-weight ratio of its goods.24. A) Those having a taste or smell component.B) Products potentially embarrassing to buy.C) Those that require very careful handling.D) Services involving a personal element.25. A) Those who live in the virtual world.B) Those who have to work long hours.C) Those who are used to online transactions.D) Those who don’t mind paying a little more.Section C16. B 17. D 18. A 19. C 20. A 21. B 22. C 23. D 24. A 25. B。